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Land Art | An Art Movement Land Art ‘An Art Movement’ 1

Land Art | An Art Movement Land Art ‘An Art Movement’ 2

Land Art | An Art Movement source : google images Land art, variously known as Earth art, environmental art, and Earthworks, is an art movement that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s,largely associated with Great Britain and the United States,but which included examples from many countries. As a trend “Land art” expanded boundaries of art by the ma- terials used and the siting of the works. The materials used were often the materials of the Earth including for instance the soil and rocks and vegeta- tion and water found on-site, and the siting of the works were often distant from population centers. Though sometimes fairly inaccessible, photo docu- mentation was commonly brought back to the urban art gallery. Concerns of the art movement centered around rejection of the commercial- ization of art-making and enthusiasm with an emergent ecological move- ment. The art movement coincided with the popularity of the rejection of urban living and its counterpart, an enthusiasm for that which is rural. In- cluded in these inclinations were spiritual yearnings concerning the planet Earth as home to mankind. Introduction 3

Land Art | An Art Movement Land Art source(all images) : google images ‘Balancing Rock Art’ ‘‘Land art or earth art is art that is made directly in the landscape, sculpting the land itself into earthworks or making structures in the landscape using natural materials such as rocks or twigs’’ 4

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Land Art | An Art Movement Spiral Hill and Broken Circle Amarillo Ramp (1973) An earthwork by the artist Robert (1971) Smithson, consisting of a 140-foot In a sand quarry in the Northeastern diameter partial circle of rock which Netherlands, Smithson has carved rises out of the level ground to a height into the shoreline, flooding the result- of around 15 feet. ing dikes to form an interlocking canal and jetty. Water, earth, topsoil, sand, and boulder Broken Circle: diameter: 140 ft. (42.6 m); canal: 12 ft. (3.6 m) wide, 10-15 ft. (3-4.5 m) deep; Spiral Hill: diameter: 75 ft. (22.9 m) at base source(all images) : google images Robert Smithson Robert Smithson was an American artist known for sculpture and land art who often used drawing and American Land Artist photography in relation to the spatial arts Spiral jetty (1970) Spiral Jetty is an earth- work sculpture construct- ed in April 1970 and was built on the northeastern shore of the Great Salt Lake near Rozel Point in Utah entirely of mud, salt crystals and basalt rocks. The work forms a 1,500-foot-long (460 m) anti-clockwise coil jutting from the shore of the lake. 6

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Land Art | An Art Movement Dark Star Park (1978) source(all images) : google images The park consists of five spheres, two pools, four Nancy Holt was an American artist most known for her public steel poles, a stairway, a sculpture, installation art, concrete poetry, and land art. Through- large tunnel for passage, a out her career, Holt also produced works in other media, including smaller tunnel for viewing film and photography, and wrote books and articles about art. only and plantings of crown vetch, winter creeper, willow oak, and earth and grass. The forms stand in stark contrast to the busy and highly developed commer- cial area that surrounds the Nancy Holt American Land Artist Sun Tunnels (1976) Sun Tunnels is located in the Great Basin Desert outside of the ghost town of Lucin, Utah. The work consists of four massive concrete tunnels (18 feet long and nine feet in diameter), which are ar- ranged in an “X” config- uration to total a length of 86 feet (26 m). Each tunnel reacts differently to the sun. 8

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Land Art | An Art Movement Double Negative (1969) source(all images) : google images piece of land art located in the Moapa Valley on Mormon Mesa Michael Heizer (born 1944) is a land artist specializ- near Overton, Nevada. The work ing in large-scale and site-specific sculptures. Work- consists of a long trench in the ing largely outside the confines of the traditional art earth, 30 feet (9 m) wide, 50 feet spaces of galleries and museums, Heizer has redefined (15 m) deep, and 1500 feet (457 m) sculpture in terms of size, mass, gesture, and process. long, created by the displacement of 244,000 tons of rock, mostly rhy- olite and sandstone. Two trenches straddle either side of a natural canyon. The “negative” in the title thus refers in part to both the nat- ural and man-made negative space that constitutes the work. Michael Heizer American Land Artist City (1972) Heizer, a pioneer of the earthworks movement, be- gan “City” in 1972. A mile and a half long and inspired by ancient ritual cities, it is made from rocks, sand, and concrete mined and mixed on site. Heizer, a pioneer of the earthworks movement, began “City” in 1972. City attempts to syn- thesize ancient monuments, Minimalism and industrial technology. 10

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Land Art | An Art Movement Balancing stone sculptures Rock balancing or stone balanc- ing is an art, discipline, or hobby in which rocks are naturally bal- anced on top of one another in various positions without the use of adhesives, wires, supports, rings or any other contraptions which would help maintain the construction’s balance Andrian Gray source(all images) : google images British Land Artist Adrian Gray is a British sculptor creating stone balancing sculptures in 2002.Gray’s work is predominantly sculpture and photography based on balancing natural elements. He creates sculptures using naturally weathered stone, usually on location by the coast. 12

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Land Art | An Art Movement Art and Architecture ‘Land Art in Architecture’ 14

Land Art | An Art Movement source(all images) : google images The Egyptian pyramids are ancient pyramid-shaped masonry structures located in Egypt.Most were built as tombs for the country’s pharaohs and their consorts during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods.Pyramids can be called one of the oldest and biggest land art by some unknown artists.The use of earthly materials and the enormous form makes it an impressive land art and the form makes it earthquake resistant inspite of being so huge. Egyptian Pyramid ‘An Ancient Land Art’ 15

Land Art | An Art Movement source(all images) : google images Ancient Greek architecture is more or less completely an example for land art. Stone was the primary bulding material for The Greek. They made strong enormous stone structures among which temples are astoishing and inspiring.Paestum was a major ancient Greek city on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea in Magna Graecia. The ruins of Paestum are famous for their three ancient Greek temples in the Doric order, which are in a very good state of preservation. Greek Temple Paestum ‘An Ancient Land Art’ 16

Land Art | An Art Movement source(all images) : google images Ancient Roman arcitecture is same as ancient Greek architecture. They also made strong enormous stone structures but allowed the terrains to stay the same unlike The Roman who flattened all the land infront of them. The Temple of Bacchus is part of the Baalbek temple complex located in the broad Al-biq, Lebanon. The temple complex is considered an outstanding archaeological and artistic site of Imperial Roman Architecture and was inscribed as an UNESCO. Roman Temple Bacchus ‘An Ancient Land Art’ 17

Land Art | An Art Movement source(all images) : google images A rusty steel ring is gently draped upon a grass hill in Carnisselande, a Rotterdam suburb. It’s a giant circular stair leading the visitor up to a height that allows an unhindered view of the horizon and the nearby skyline of Rotterdam. The path makes a continuous movement and thereby draws on the context of the heavy infrastructural surrounding of ring road and tram track. The form makes it one of the best land art of modern period. Gallery of Elastic Perspective ‘A Mobius Strip Staircase’ 18

Land Art | An Art Movement source(all images) : google images Land art installations stand majestically against the pristine Montana landscape at the Tippet Rise Art Center, a work- ing sheep ranch turned art destinationThey have strong architectural properties: they create space, they provide shel- ter and shade, they change the thermal and acoustical properties of the surrounding context and thus they enable new activities and programs to take place. They can live empty without looking like empty buildings. Tippet Rise Art Center ‘Monumetal Land Art’ 19

Land Art | An Art Movement source(all images) : google images A rusty steel ring is gently draped upon a grass hill in Carnisselande, a Rotterdam suburb. It’s a giant circular stair leading the visitor up to a height that allows an unhindered view of the horizon and the nearby skyline of Rotterdam. The path makes a continuous movement and thereby draws on the context of the heavy infrastructural surrounding of ring road and tram track. The form makes it one of the best land art of modern period. Tippet Rise Art Center ‘Monumental Land Art’ 20

Land Art | An Art Movement source(all images) : google images Levitated Mass is a 2012 large-scale public art sculpture by Michael Heizer at Resnick North Lawn at the Los Ange- les County Museum of Art. The installation consists of a 340-ton boulder sculpture placed above a 456-foot viewing pathway to accommodate 360-degree viewing. The piece is being ‘static art’ and emphasized the importance of the boulder’s size and of the work’s longevity, saying that the work is meant to last 3,500 years. Levitated Mass ‘Michael Heizer’ 21

Land Art | An Art Movement source(all images) : google images Pure use of forest material like bamboo wood make it aperfect modern land art. A tree house, is a platform or building constructed around, next to or among the trunk or branches of one or more mature trees while above ground level. Tree houses can be used for recreation, work space, habitation, a hangout space and observation. Building tree platforms or nests as a shelter from dangers on the ground is a habit of all the great apes, and may have been inherited by humans. The Tree House ‘Human Nests’ 22

Land Art | An Art Movement Art and Nature ‘Land Art in Nature’ 23

Land Art | An Art Movement The Nest of A ‘‘Nature’s own Weaver’’ 24

Land Art | An Art Movement source(all images) : google images Weaver bird 25

Land Art | An Art Movement A Honey Be ‘‘The Sweetest Nest’’ 26

Land Art | An Art Movement ee Hive source(all images) : google images 27

Land Art | An Art Movement A Termite ‘‘Monumental Land Art 28

Land Art | An Art Movement Nest source(all images) : google images 29 ’’

Land Art | An Art Movement Devadeth Jayakrishnan [email protected] , Mb no 9072020567 30