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Critical Review: Planning and Design of Libraries and Information Center University Technology Mara (UiTM) Faculty of Information Management Campus UiTM Puncak Perdana Planning And Design of Libraries and Information Center (IML 656) Individual Assignment CRITICAL REVIEW: “Public Library Service to Children and Teens: A Research Agenda” Prepared for: Sir Mohd Zaihan Hussin Prepared by:Wan Siti Nur Atieqah Bt Wan Hanudin 2013473278 Group: IM244 6ST1 Date of submission: 4th April 2016

Critical Review: Planning and Design of Libraries and Information Center CRITICAL REVIEW: “Public Library Service to Children and Teens: A Research Agenda” Prepared by: Wan Siti Nur Atieqah Binti Wan Hanudin Faculty of Information Management Universiti Teknologi Mara Puncak Perdana 4 April 2016

Critical Review: Planning and Design of Libraries and Information Center ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to thank to the Almighty, Allah S.W.T because I would finishedthis assignment on the time. With the gust and guide that He gives to us, I can finish up thisassignment completely without any obstruction. With the strength that He has given to me, it hashelped me to find information needed to finished this assignment. Secondly, I would like express my gratitude to our lecturer for this subject “IML656:Planning and Design of Libraries and Information Centers” which is Sir Mohd Zaihan Hussin forhis kindness to guide me in completing this assignment. His dedication in giving all theknowledge about this subject has made this assignment easily to be done. Although, I have facesome problem and advised me to be patient in finding information and finish the task that hasbeen given. Through this assignment, I have gain new knowledge about this subject. I also would like to express my gratitude to my parents that have been supporting me infinishing this assignment. My parents have also given moral support and encourage me to dothis assignment. Last but not least, to my entire classmate which is IM244 6ST1 thanks for being a goodfriend when I faced problem in finishing this assignment. Thank you for giving me opinion, ideaand information needed to put inside this assignment.Thank you. i

Critical Review: Planning and Design of Libraries and Information CenterTABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENT PAGESAUTHOR’S BACKGROUND 1ABSTRACT 2PURPOSE OF THE ARTICLE 3TARGET AUDIENCES 3ANALYSIS TOOLS 4TIMELINESS 4RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 4CONTENTS OF CRITICAL REVIEWSTRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES 5–8CONCLUSION 9REFERENCES 10APPENDIX 11 12 ii

Critical Review: Planning and Design of Libraries and Information Center Author’s BackgroundVirgina A. WalterProfessor and Chair, andDepartment of Information Studies,Graduate School of EducationInformation Studies,University of California, Los Angeles.Research Interests:  Children’s information needs and information resources  Childhood and family literacy  The sociology of Children’s literature and childhood reading  Evaluation of Library Service  Citizen participation and Voluntarism in Public LibrariesTeaching Courses:  Management  Library Services and Programs for Children  Storytelling  Children’s Literature  Public LibrariesBooks:  “Making Up Megaboy”  “Hi, Pizza Man!” 1

Critical Review: Planning and Design of Libraries and Information CenterABSTRACTPurpose – The author do the research about public library service for children and young adults.The author also deals with four questions that related to the services of public library towardschildren and teenagers. The four question been asked are from different view which abouthistorical research, user studies, evaluation and policy studies. The author been used the existingknowledge for temporary in redesigning this paper research. By this research paper, the authoralso giving the reason or negative feedback the program that try to be implement in the publiclibraries. The author include there are some public libraries participated in developing newservices to the children and teenagers. The author also does research on the impact of implementelectronic resources towards children and teens. In this research paper, this author does someobservation on the effectiveness of the libraries service towards young people. There also beendiscussed about the roles of the policymaker in funding the planning and design the libraries.The author discussed about roles of public libraries serve to their young users.Originality/value – This research paper is original because it uses almost 100 percentobservation from the author. This research paper also highlight the services that provided by thepublic libraries towards young people such children and teenagers. This research gives someimportance services in planning and design libraries which can be apply in library.Keywords – Library Policymaker, Public Libraries, Public Library Service Development,Information Literacy Skills, Children’s Librarian, Librarian, SchoolchildrenPaper type – Research Paper 2

Critical Review: Planning and Design of Libraries and Information CenterPURPOSES OF THE ARTICLE i. To investigate the young people opinion towards public library. This research paper investigate the young people because its explain the opinion regarding the library in terms of marketing, services and how public libraries helps in information - seeking behavior. ii. To help the policymakers to decide or estimate amount of fund for public libraries services. This research helps the policymakers because it’s investigate the services that provided by public libraries. The policymakers can calculate the budget for the public libraries.TARGET AUDIENCESAcademiciansThis paper basically suitable for the academicians in giving new knowledge to them aboutplanning and design the libraries.Library AdministrativeLibrary Administrative are the policymaker or people who involve in top management in libraryorganization. This paper will give some picture in surveying the services provide in publiclibraries.ResearcherThis paper can be used for the researcher which related to the library management. It also helpsthe researcher to get some relevance information.StudentsThis paper will give some relevance information about library services and library planning tothe student which can helps them by giving added knowledge. 3

Critical Review: Planning and Design of Libraries and Information CenterLibrariansThis paper will give some explanation to the librarians in planning and design the libraries intheir organizations.ANALYSIS TOOLSFor the analysis tools, this authors basically have her personal opinion and observation about theservices that provided by the public libraries to the children and teenagers. By her observationstowards the services or programs that provided, there are some negative and positive feedbacksfrom the users. Based on author’s background, it is related to her experience. This article can beused as an added knowledge to them which the information still can be used.TIMELINESSThis paper was published on 2003 and some of the information and knowledge still can be usedand apply in planning and design libraries. However, some information still not relevancebecause most of the information given already apply in libraries. But it still can be used as addedknowledge.RESEARCH METHODOLOGYThis research paper mostly based on the author’s personal opinion, observation and experiencewhich is relate to the four unanswered questions. 4

Critical Review: Planning and Design of Libraries and Information CenterCONTENTS OF CRITICAL REVIEW In this research paper, the author was giving her opinion by her observation towardslibrary service for children and teens. Based on this research paper, 60% of the users in thelibraries are under age of eighteen such as toddlers, schoolchildren and teens. Those youngpeople come to the library for some reasons such as finding information, after-schoolprogramming, computer workstation, homework and are volunteers in libraries. Infants also canbe legitimate library users as they can have their own story programs and library materials suchas lapsits and board books. Their parents can join the library programs by attending educationalsession which they can learn new techniques for encourage the infants reading skills. However,some librarians are too busy to conduct these programs, so the children to be less interestedtowards library services. The author do this research because there a few libraries cannotmanage or provide proper services to young people. So, the author has suggested somestrategies for improving and applying this research agenda. This research basically deal withfour important unanswered questions which are (1) How have public library services to childrenand young adults developed over time? (2) How and why do young people use public libraries?(3) How can we evaluate the effectiveness of public library services for young people? (4) Whyshould policymakers fund public library services for children and young adults? The first question is about the historical research which the author wants to share thatpublic library service to children began more than 100 years ago. This public library establishedby a small group of strong-minded women even though on that time there is lacking ofinfluential in public library. Their achievements are relevancy till now, so that can beimplemented to library planning and design. Although this development of the library service tochildren yet documented but Christine Jenkins (1994,1996) and Anne Lundin (1996,1998) havecontributed important pieces of feminist scholarship about the women whose leadership was socritical in the early years. From this research paper, author said that it is necessary to lookbeyond the books and articles that focus on children’s services in order to discover the importantscholarship that related to the field. Unfortunately, the public library services to childrencontinue undocumented and still more lacking in rigid historical analysis. 5

Critical Review: Planning and Design of Libraries and Information Center The second author’s observation is about user studies. According to U.S. Department ofEducation (1995), 35 % of their users were children under 11 years old, 23% 12 to 18 years old.In the 1995 survey, 86% of the library offered programs for preschool and kindergarten childrenand 79% only offered programs for school-age children. In order to attract the young users, theytry putting some effort in marketing their strategic planning by learning their current andpotential customers. There a research conducted by Walter and Markey (1997) which theyanalyze the data from two groups such parent and focus groups. Some of the parents see thereading program as primarily educational. However, there are negative feedbacks given by theparents by providing three reasons. The reasons are: (1) discomfort with a program, (2) badtiming and (3) lacks of needs. The result from other focus groups which they interviewed isteens from 10 communities are very informative. It is because the feedback given by teens canimprove library’s service. Some teens said that the libraries are not cool, the library staff notfriendly and their service hour are inconvenient. Besides that, the teens only want welcomingspace, access to higher technology, homework assistance, better reading materials and lessrestrictive rules and fees. In addition, the teens could help libraries become better place for them(Meyers, 1999). After the Wallace-Reader’s Digest Fund launched the Public Libraries asPartners in Youth Development (PLYD), there are 9 libraries joined PLYD which develop newservices and ongoing programs for teens. They also used variety strategies to support adolescentdevelopment. Those programs were developed based on the marketing studies or research whichcould be reasonable for library services. The author has stated that the scholarly domain exposed to the young people as library isa place used for information-seeking behavior. With this service, young people can use theinformation after they found it. Besides, the children and teens were searching for theinformation in electronic resources. However, giving less attention towards this research it turnsto asymmetrical and fragmented. 6

Critical Review: Planning and Design of Libraries and Information Center The research on the information needs of children remains one of the few studies to lookspecifically at what children need to know and how they meet those needs (Walter, 1994).Somehow the young people feel burden with the information they needs. They basically needguider in information seeking skills. It is because when want to search for the information,mostly they received misinformation from the media and peers. However, the research onchildren’s information needs been extended by which they need to provide the relevantinformation to the young people. This paper has explained about the research that focuses on children’s use of automatedlibrary catalogs. There is a question about the difficulties in using automated library catalogs bychildren and teens. Keyboarding and spelling proved to be the most obvious barriers (Solomon,1993). The children were tested by researcher from UCLA on using the online catalogs. Therewere student from fourth and sixth grader were able to browse information and in using thekeyboarding. Based on the research, children will be easily to find the information if they useconcrete subject such as “Chemistry”. The children also can overcome the difficulties of thesearching features helped by the graphical user interface such as typing skills, spelling,vocabulary and Boolean logic. Next research is about the children’s use of internet at school andpublic libraries. Mostly the teens use internet for school assignments and used it as virtualtextbook and reference library. Basically, these research papers tell about the children in usingthe electronic resources such as internet and online catalogs. The children were been tested onusing the electronic resources. The results were remarkable consistent. There are four criteria in using the electronic resources such as topicality, novelty,authority, and interesting (Hirsh, 1999). Unfortunately, not all children used online catalogs tobrowse the information. Several of them used Yahooligans search engine looking for theinformation. The more effective children used more systematic search strategies and relied lesson looped searches and hyperlinks than their less successful peers (Bilal, 2000). But when thesearching become more advances, it will cause the difficulties for the young teens to search forthe information. 7

Critical Review: Planning and Design of Libraries and Information Center To overcome the problems happen towards young teens by increasing and enhancingtraining information literacy skills. So, it is librarian responsibility to help and approach theyoung teens by offering after-school homework assistance programs. Then the researchersuggests that the public library should provide the reading materials or collection in printedversion and electronic resources. The third question is about evaluation research. The author tells that the scholars nolonger evaluate the public libraries but it has been evaluate by the elected officials. Theyevaluate the libraries, productivity, accounting and all the services that served in the libraries.The policymaker and funding also evaluate the quantifiable service products such as numbers ofbooks circulated, numbers of children attending storytimes, numbers of young adults participatedin volunteer efforts. The libraries also can used postage-paid survey which they can asked torespond about the library services (Steffan et al., 2002). The fourth question is about policy studies. The author had discusses in this researchpaper were not generated from the policy studies to addresses the role of the public librarytowards young children and teens. This research basically used outsider comment such as publicopinion survey and one focus group which to compare the public library services with the visionof public library head. As a result, they stated that the leader of the public library want to createa future library to the hybrid institution which are they wanted to provide materials from bothdigital and printed resources by helping the young people navigate or searching the new world ofinformation. But then, there are some effect of using the new technology which is they got lesssupporting from the young children and teens. The Public Libraries as a Partner in YouthDevelopment (PLYD) project had discussed about the creating the potential of public librarythrough landscape of youth development. They encourage the public library to collaborate withthe community for changing the role of public library. This document makes a strong case of thepublic library roles in helping young people to take first step in information literacy (Walter,Armbruster, and Welsing, 2002). 8

Critical Review: Planning and Design of Libraries and Information CenterSTRENGTH AND WEAKNESSStrength a. Good and new knowledge  The content in this paper research is suitable for the new organization which can help them to implement the services and programs that suit with the young people. b. Suitable and appropriate font used  The font used by author is very suitable to the reader or researcher to study this article. c. Information given related to author’s background  All the information given by the author basically related to her background which is one of the teaching courses is Library service and programs to children. d. Improve library planning and design  The content of this article give ways in how to market or promote the services to the young people and give clues on importance roles of libraries.Weakness a. Information based on author’s opinion  This research paper is based on the existing knowledge which the author gives her own opinion or observation about the service to children and teens. b. Too much information provided  The content given by this author is too much because most of the information having same opinion. 9

Critical Review: Planning and Design of Libraries and Information Center c. High standard language  The author used high standard language which some of the words is hard to understand by the reader. d. The content is too general  The content in this research paper discussed towards services and programs should be provided to the young people from the infancy through adolescence and also the roles that should be play by the libraries. e. Outdated information  The information given are still relevance but it is outdated because most of the libraries have been implement or market their services and programs to the children and teens.CONCLUSIONRegarding to the point view given by the author, we can say that librarians should play importantroles in planning and designing the libraries. The author expresses her opinion toward theservices and programs to the children and teens. It is important to apply these services in thelibraries because it is first step in learning process to the young people. Exposing to them thenew knowledge and resources will be a priorities of the libraries. It is also important for thepolicymaker to give new development to the young people. As conclusion, the service andprogram that will be implementing to the libraries will give positive impact. There will have acommunication or interactions between libraries and young people. The main roles of publiclibraries as providing educational resources and being a support families for children and teens.For the new organization, they should be practicing or applying those services in their planningand design libraries. In addition, they can follow the guidelines given to be implementing intheir library. Besides, this article is good and suitable for those who want do research basedknowledge. It will help them to do a better research. 10

Critical Review: Planning and Design of Libraries and Information CenterREFERENCESWalter, Virginia A. (2003) “Public library service to Children and Teens: a research agenda”, Library Trends, Vol.51, No. 4, pp.571-589. 11

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