NIRMAAN JUNE EDITION

TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 SMART ROADS 5 NARENDRA MODI STADIUM 6 FUN ZONE 8 STUDENT ARTICLE OUR TEAM CHIEF EDITOR : B. NIHARIKA (18131A0108) PUBLISHING CHIEF EDITORS : D. CHANDULAL NAIK (18131A0115) COVER DESIGN : A. NIHARIKA (18131A0101) FACULTY CO-ORDINATOR MENTOR & PROFESSOR-INCHARGE B. DATTATREYA (19131A0106) (STUDENTS' CHAPTERS) G. SAI NITHISHA (19131A0130) Y. HARIKA (19131A0197) : D. JASWANTH (19131A0122) : Dr. G. SANTOSH KUMAR : Prof. Dr. MANCHIKANTI SRINIVAS

SMART ROADS IN SMART CITIES Smart roads use the Internet of Things (IoT) devices to make driving safer, more efficient, and in line with government objectives, greener. Smart roads combine physical infrastructures such as sensors and solar panels with software infrastructure like AI (Artificial Intelligence). Smart city roads built on IoT technologies make it possible for cities to collect and analyze data to improve day-to-day traffic management and adapt for long-term transportation needs. The IoT sensors, cameras, and radar, data can be analyzed in real-time and are used to improve congested roadways, streamlining traffic flow. Data can also be sent to the cloud for long-term analysis, providing critical insight for efforts such as reducing CO 2 emissions or improving road conditions. Edge computing opens myriad possibilities for Smart and connected roads. It enables low latency for the analytics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) that power Smart road infrastructure, like adaptive traffic lights and integrated roadways. Many devices enabled Smart road technology, speed sensors, acoustic sensors, IP CCTV cameras, smart traffic lights, condition/weather monitoring systems, and digital signage. When these devices collect and analyze data in near real-time, cities can realize several benefits: Less-congested street: Smart road technology can track vehicles and adjust traffic lights when there are fewer or no cars approaching, helping prevent bumper-to-bumper traffic. That could help drivers and passengers save 9.4 hours each year. Improved traffic and pedestrian safety: Traffic-monitoring solutions powered by computer vision can detect vehicles, pedestrians, and bicyclists to help enable safety practices. Enhanced parking and e-tolling: E-tolling reduces congestion by using license plate recognition and vehicle tracking to automatically charge highway and bridge tolling fees—all without making vehicles stop or slow down. NIRMAAN | 3

Identifying problem areas : Analytics can help to detect intersections or other sites that might have a high rate of collisions or near-miss between vehicles or pedestrians. Which helps cities to determine if the site would benefit from a yield or stop sign, crosswalk, or traffic light. Improving pavement conditions : Over time, streets erode or weather away. With road condition monitoring, cities can assess pavement conditions and act accordingly. Reducing pollution : Smart infrastructure can help reduce carbon emissions from daily transportation by optimizing traffic flow to avoid idling of engines. Cities can also help to reduce pollution by understanding the best place for the charging stations of electric vehicle. Multimodal sensors and edge computing help speed up the flow of traffic with real- time processing, reducing congestion and emissions. Smart road technology will help optimize traffic flow and improve safety. ADVANTAGES OF SMART ROADS: It can also help citizens by giving nearly 60 hours per year. Smart roads can alert first responders of accidents or help city planners identify problem areas. Smart roads can provide real-time information to drivers about weather conditions such as icy roads and traffic information such as congestion and parking availability. Smart roads are helpful on risky or mountainous roads to make driving safer by warning about incoming traffic or landslides. Smart roads can also generate energy to use for street lights or charge electric vehicles on the move. Case study : Roads that honk, India: The portion of NH-1 between Jammu and Srinagar is among the World’s most dangerous roads. Now, this road is converted into a smart road project to make the road safer and reduce accidents. Smart Life poles installed near hairpin bends determine the speed of incoming vehicles and warn them about vehicles ahead, by honking. Smart Life poles use radar sensors that transmit electromagnetic waves. These waves bounce back when they encounter a vehicle. Depending on the change in frequency and the time taken by the wave to reach back, the speed and distance of the oncoming vehicles are determined. Source https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/transportation/smart-road-infrastructure.html https://vrioeurope.com/en/smart-road-technology-digital-highways-of-the- future/#:~:text=Smart%20roads%20combine%20physical%20infrastructures%20such%20as%20sensors,and%20connected%20vehicles%2C% 20monitor%20road%20conditions%2C%20and%20more “One man's magic is another man’s engineering. Supernatural is a null word.” NIRMAAN | 4 Robert A. Heinlein (1907-1988), American Architect

NARENDRA MODI STADIUM The largest cricket stadium in the world was re-built on 24th Feb 2020 in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. In honor of the Prime Minister, it was renamed as Narendra Modi Stadium and is commonly known as Motera Stadium. It has three entrances with 64 acres out of 100 acres, includes 76 corporate boxes with 25 seating each, and a total of 1,32,000 spectators. The stadium also accommodates an Olympic size swimming pool, four dressing rooms and various sports courts. The unique aspect lives an uninterrupted 360° cheerful view of the field to every seat in the stadium. The multiple shadows of the pitch are absorbed by using Light-Emitting Diode (LED) lights. The expansion joints divide the oval stadium into six different sections. The upper and lower bowls were isolated by the circumferential joint. The components of the podium level at each joint were supported by the twin columns. The roof was designed light-in-weight and was supported by a tri-chord compression ring. The ring is coated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and made up of woven fiberglass fabric. Due to the volatile nature of earthquakes, the roof was stretched between a circumferential inner tension ring and an outer compression ring. During the seismic activity of the movement, these rings float between the bowl and the roof via radial cable. The main structural components of the upper bowl comprise Y-shaped columns situated on the circumferential grids G and H and are known as GY and HY columns. Primary radial beams were connected to the GY and HY columns. These columns reduce the deflection of primary radial beams and the thickness of the slab. While the secondary radial columns are placed in between. Thus, the podium level consists of primary and secondary radial beams, circumferential beams, and precast hollow-core slab panels. Thus, by constructing the World’s largest stadium is a triumph for the construction industry in terms of adopting the precast segments by using detailed and innovative methods and erection techniques. Source https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi_Stadium https://theconstructor.org/case-study/sardar-patel-stadium-construction-features/452817/ \"One has to watch out for engineers – they begin with the sewing machine and end up with the atomic bomb\". Marcel Pagnol(February 1895-18 April 1974) NIRMAAN | 5

FUN ZONE CROSSWORD Solve the crossword given below ACROSS DOWN 2 A heritage site famous for its Chalukya style of 1 World's largest panoramic sculptural relief is located in architecture 3 A heritage site the depicts the Dravidian style of Art 5 The oldest stone structures in India and Architecture 8 A heritage site famous for its Chalukya style of 4 These caves are well known for their Indian-rock cut architecture architecture 9 These structures are famous for their unique Rajput 6 An astronomical observatory built during the 18th Military Defense Architecture century in Rajasthan. 10 A monument built-in memory of a British monarch 7 A heritage site known for its Stepped Corridors, Solution Sculptures and Stone Carvings in the Well NIRMAAN | 6

NIRMAAN | 7 EIFFEL TOWER COLOSSEUM BURJ KHALIFA BIG BEN PARTHENON THE GHERKIN Solution Find the structures

STUDENT The aesthetic appearance of structures is the most ARTICLE fascinating aspect in the world of construction now-a-days. We can find many buildings with finest façades and classic TOPIC elevations enclosing all the key component of the building. These structures are often designed for both interior and EXOSKELETON exterior architecture separately. Due to the rapid IN urbanization, high rise buildings are the most common choice. The structural design and architectural aspects are CONSTRUCTION transforming accordingly. This rise to the origin of Exoskeleton buildings. By M RANGAVARA SAI Exoskeleton 18135A0116 The term Exoskeleton refers to an external skeleton. It also describes the hard covering found on certain types of B.Tech IV Year animals like cockroach, tortoise and many more. This exoskeleton on animals is used to protect its internal systems. Similarly, the concept of exoskeleton is now being used in Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. Exoskeleton architecture and design: Inspired by the exoskeleton animals, the AEC industry has started using the steel frames in the form of bracings and trusses throughout the perimeter of the core structure. This construction approach helps in placing the key components of the structure on its exterior. Instead of being covered by cladding or other architectural elevations, these structures showcases all the technical aspects by putting them on display.These steel frame works are designed as a part of the whole structure which increases the extra load transfer to the structure’s foundation. Some of the best examples for exoskeleton structures are Lloyd’s of London, HSBC Hong Kong. Advantages of adapting exoskeleton architecture: Building exoskeleton performs various roles ranging from thermal to structural aspects, by protecting and supporting the interior systems of the structure. In some cases, it can free up interior spaces that would otherwise be required for structural elements and supports. The aesthetic effect can be achieved through innovative architectural design accompanied with proper structural design. It was also proven that usage of exoskeleton is an economical retrofitting technique for the buildings reaching their design life period. Seismic resistant buildings can also be designed and achieved by using this technique. However these structures don’t have many disadvantages but, it is said that structures with complex exteriors are difficult to clean and maintain. \"Nothing is so inspiring as seeing big works well laid out and planned and a real engineering organisation\". -Frederick Handley(15 November 1885-21 April 1962) NIRMAAN | 8