driver's handbook

must be crash-tested and approved by Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014the U.S. Government. Children being or the child appears to be in distress. Vi-carried or riding bicycles should wear olations of this provision of law are a sec-properly fitted bicycle helmets. ond degree misdemeanor and can result in a fine of up to $500. Violations thatChild Restraint Requirements cause great bodily harm, permanent dis-Child’s Age Restraint ability, or permanent disfigurement to a Requirement child are considered a third degree felony.Up to Three Infant Carrier 5.11 - Speed LimitsYears of Age Speed causes many crashes. More drivers are convicted of speeding than any otherFour to Five Infant Carrier, offense. To avoid being fined or involvedYears of Age Integrated Child Seat, in a crash, obey the speed limits. Speed or Seat Belt is very important in a collision. If you double the speed of a car, you increaseOver Five Safety Belt its force of impact four times. If you tri-Years of Age ple the speed, the impact is nine times as great.5.10.1 - What is the Best Child Seat? • The one that fits your child. 70 Does Not Always Mean 70 • The one that fits your vehicle. Remember that speed limits show the • The one that you will use correctly fastest speed you may drive under good every time. conditions. You are responsible for ad- justing your driving speed to the roadFor more information on the best child conditions. For example, if the weather isseat, please visit: bad or there is a lot of traffic, you must drive more slowly than the posted speed. http://www.flhsmv.gov/fhp/CPS/ The safe speed is the one that allows youand obtain information on Occupant to have complete control of your vehicleProtection & Child Passenger Safety and avoid collisions with other vehiclesNews. and pedestrians.5.10.2 - Leaving Children Unattended Florida “Standard” Speed Limitsor Unsupervised in Motor Vehicles Municipal Speed Areas ..........................30It is dangerous to leave children unat- Business or Residential Area .................30tended or unsupervised in a motor ve- Rural Interstate.......................................70*hicle. The inside temperature of a ve- Limited Access Highways ......................70hicle can rise almost 20 degrees within All Other Roads and Highways...........55*the first 10 minutes with no ventilation. School Zones............................................20Even cool temperatures in the 60’s can *The 55 MPH maximum speed limit iscause the temperature in a vehicle to rise still in effect in Florida except where oth-well above 110° Fahrenheit inside your erwise posted. *Speed limits are 70 MPHcar. Florida law states that a parent, legal on some rural Interstate highways. Speedguardian, or other person responsible for limits may be changed on other multi-a child younger than 6 years of age may lane highways and in areas where thenot leave the child unattended or unsu- conditions require lower speeds. Driverspervised in a motor vehicle for a periodin excess of 15 minutes or for any periodof time if the motor of the vehicle is run-ning, the health of the child is in danger, 51

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014 when approaching any intersection orshould not assume because the area ap- driveway.pears to be a particular urban, munici-pality, business or highway area that the • Look both ways and be ready tospeed is the standard or expected speed brake or stop.zone. Observe and obey the posted speedsigns as there may be frequent changes • Drive at the slowest speed justfrom area to area along the selected roads before entering the intersection, notor highways. while crossing.Speed limit signs are posted at the begin- • Do not pass or change lanes.ning of a speed zone and drivers must be • Be aware of vehicles behind you.driving no higher than that speed start-ing at the location of the posted sign and Will they be able to stop if neces-continuing until there is a posted speed sary? If you are stopped, look forlimit change. bicyclists and pedestrians who may be crossing the intersection from5.11.1 - Driving Too Slowly is also either direction or motorists on theAgainst the Law cross street who may be passing aDrive with the flow of traffic (within the bicycle or other vehicle and be inspeed limit). You should not drive so the opposing lane.slowly that you block other vehicles mov-ing at normal, safe speeds. When driv- 5.14 - Right-of-Waying slower than the flow of traffic, keep Who has the right-of-way in Florida?right so others may safely pass. You can The answer is no one! The law only saysbe issued a ticket for driving too slowly. who must yield (give up) the right-of-When the posted speed limit is 70 mph, way. Every driver, motorcyclist, mopedthe minimum speed limit is 50 mph. rider, bicyclist and pedestrian must do everything possible to avoid a crash.5.12 - Following Officer’s andFireman’s Instructions 5.15 - Stop SignsIf you are stopped by a law enforcement If the vehicle has automatic transmis-officer, pull off immediately to the ex- sion, check mirrors for traffic. Releasetreme right, clear of traffic when possi- the accelerator to allow the vehicle toble. Turn off your engine. Reduce your slow. Move your foot to the brake ped-headlights to the parking light position at al and press with steady pressure for anight. Sit calmly and follow the instruc- smooth stop.tions of the officer. You must follow any If the vehicle has manual transmission,lawful order or direction of (1) any law check mirrors for traffic. Release theenforcement officer or (2) any fireman at accelerator to allow the vehicle to slow.the scene of a fire who is directing traffic. Move your foot to the brake pedal andIf a law enforcement officer is directing press with steady pressure for a smoothtraffic where there are signal lights, obey stop. Press clutch pedal down and shiftthe officer - not the signals. into first gear when stopped. Many intersections are marked with stop5.13 - Crossing Intersections lines to show where you must come to aMore crashes happen at intersections complete stop. These stop lines help tothan any other place. Be very careful set you farther back at an intersection to give larger vehicles more turning space. Always stop behind stop lines. After a complete stop, you must yield 52

the right-of-way to all other traffic and Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014pedestrians at stop signs. Move forward tion at the same time, the driver on theonly when the road is clear. At four-way left must yield to the driver on the right.stops, the first vehicle to stop shouldmove forward first. If two vehicles reach 5.17 - Roundaboutsthe intersection at the same time, the Roundabouts are circular intersectionsdriver on the left yields to the driver on with no traffic signal which improvethe right. traffic flow and reduce traffic crashes. Roundabouts slow vehicle speed, give5.16 - Open Intersections drivers more time to judge and react toAn open intersection is one without traffic other vehicles or pedestrians. Drivers en-control signs or signals. When you enter tering the roundabout must yield to traf-one, you must yield the right-of-way if: fic already in the circle and are directed in one-way, counterclockwise direction. For • A vehicle is already in the multi-lane roundabouts, stay in the left intersection. lane to turn left and the right lane to turn right, and all lanes to go through, unless • You enter or cross a state highway otherwise directed by signs or pavement from a secondary road. markings. Stay in your lane within the roundabout and use your right turn sig- • You enter a paved road from an nal to indicate your intention to exit. unpaved road. Prior to entering or exiting the roundabout, • You plan to make a left turn and a drivers must yield to pedestrians in the vehicle is approaching from the crosswalks. Bicyclists may take the lane in opposite direction. the roundabout, or use the sidewalk.When two cars enter an open intersec- 53

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014 5. Give a turn signal for at least the5.18 - Driveways last 100 feet before you make yourDrivers entering and exiting a road from turn. Let other drivers know whata driveway, alley or roadside should yield you are going to do. Be sure thatto vehicles already on the main road and the drivers around you have timebicyclists and pedestrians on the side- to see your signal before youwalk, shared use path or bike lanes. move.5.19 - Emergency Vehicles 6. Slow down to a safe turning speed.Pedestrians and drivers must yield the Pay attention to “no turn on red”right-of-way to law enforcement vehi- or “stop here” when pedestrians arecles, fire engines and other emergency present/crossing.vehicles using sirens and/ or flashinglights. Pull over to the closest edge of the 7. When you are slowing to make aroadway immediately and stop until the right turn, the bicyclist you passedemergency vehicle has passed. Do not may be catching up to you. Searchblock intersections. over your shoulder before turning. Yield to bicyclists and pedestrians.5.19.1 - Move Over After checking that traffic is clear,(See section 1.5 for information about the look in the direction of travel toMove Over Law) avoid colliding with a vehicle or pedestrian in front of you.5.20 - Making TurnsTurning a corner may seem to be a sim- 8. Always scan for pedestrians beforeple operation, but many traffic crashes starting a left turn. Yield to pedes-are caused by drivers who do not turn trians who may be crossing in yourcorrectly. path when turning left. Only turnThere are nine steps in making a good left when the path is clear of pedes-turn: trians, bicyclists and vehicles. 1. Make up your mind about your 9. Make the turn, staying in the turn before you get to the turning proper lane. Yield the right-of-way point. Turn signals are required to vehicles (including bicycles) when changing lanes. Never make coming from the opposite direction “last minute” turns. or vehicles lawfully passing on the left. 2. If you must change lanes, look behind and to both sides to see 10. Finish your turn in the proper where other vehicles are located lane. A right turn should be from before making your turn. the right lane into the right lane of the roadway entered. A left turn 3. Move into the correct lane as you may be completed in any lane near the intersection. The correct lawfully available, or safe, for the lane for the right turn is the lane desired direction of travel. See the next to the right edge of the road- diagrams for making left turns way. from or into one-way streets. 4. On a two-lane road with traffic in If you reach an intersection where you both directions, an approach for wish to make a right or left turn and are a left turn should be made in the not in the proper lane, you should drive part of the right half of the roadway to the next intersection. Then make the nearest the center line. turn from the proper lane. 54

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 20145.21 - Turnabout (Three-Point turn. Turn signals Right TurnTurn) are required by law Slow of StopSometimes you will need to turn your car when changing lanesaround in a very small space. Use a three- or overtaking a vehi- Left Turnpoint turn only if the road is too narrow cle. You should usefor a U-turn and you can’t go around the your turn signals toblock. To make a three-point turn: indicate your inten- tion with sufficient 1. Move as far right as possible, check time to allow other traffic, and signal a left turn. drivers around you to see your signal 2. Turn the steering wheel sharply to BEFORE you move. the left and move forward slowly. It is against the law to Stop at the curb, or edge of roadway. use your directional signals to tell drivers 3. Shift to reverse, turn your wheels behind you that they sharply to the right, check traffic, can pass. Four-way and back your vehicle to the right emergency flashers curb, or edge of roadway. should only be used while your vehicleYou can now move in the opposite di- is legally stopped orrection. Check the traffic and move for- disabled on the high-ward. Never make a three-point turn or way or shoulder.a U-turn on a curve, a hill or when a signindicates that making a U-turn is prohib- 5.23 - Traffic Lanesited. On a two-lane highway, you are allowed to drive on the left half of the roadway 2 when it is safe to pass and passing is al- lowed. If the road has four or more lanes 31 with two-way traffic, drive in the right lanes except when overtaking and pass- ing. Left lanes on some interstate roads are reserved for car pool vehicles with two or more occupants in the car - watch for diamond signs in the median. The center lane of a three-lane or five-lane highway is used only for turning left.5.22 - Turn Signals and If you see red reflectors facing you on theEmergency Signals lane lines, you are on the wrong side ofYou must use hand signals or direction- the road. Get into the proper lane imme-al signals to show that you are about to diately! If you see red reflectors on the lines on the edge of the road, you are on the wrong freeway ramp. Pull over im- mediately! Red reflectors always mean you are facing traffic the wrong way and could have a head-on collision. 55

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014 • Give your signal before you moveSome roads have lanes reserved for bicy- into the left lane. Turn signals arecles. Motorized vehicles are not allowed required when changing lanes. Beto drive in bike lanes, except at intersec- sure that the drivers around youtions where indicated by broken white have time to see your signal BE-lines, and only when no bicyclists are FORE you move.present in the bike lane. • Do not return to the right side of5.24 - Blind Spots the road until you can see the tiresBlind spots are areas near the left and of the vehicle you passed in yourright rear corners of your vehicle that you rearview mirror.cannot see in your rearview mirrors. Be-fore you move sideways to change lanes • You must return to the right side ofon an expressway or to pass on any road, the road before coming within 200turn your head to make sure these areas feet of any vehicle coming from theare clear. Areas bordered by Xs are blind opposite direction.spots for a car with an outside mirror onthe left side only.On the roads with more than one lane inxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx• Passing on the right is only legaleach direction, do not drive in someone when there are two or more lanes ofelse’s blind spot. Speed up or drop back traffic moving in the same direc-so the other driver can see you. tion or the vehicle you are passing is making a left turn. Pulling off outxsxidxexmxixrrxorx x x x x x x the roadway to pass on the right is against the law.inside mirror Other parked or stopped vehicles canxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx create vision blockage obscuring the vfoisriwoanrd presence of pedestrians crossing the road or cyclists sharing the roadway. If5.25 - Passing another vehicle has stopped in an adja- • Stay a safe distance behind the cent lane in the same direction of travel, vehicle you want to pass. The closer be observant in case the other motorist you get to the vehicle you want to has stopped for a pedestrian or disabled pass, the less you can see ahead. vehicle. This is especially true when pass- ing trucks, trailers, and other large 5.25.1 - Being Passed vehicles. • The driver of the car being passed • Before you pull out to pass, check must not increase speed until the your blind spots and make sure that pass is complete. you have plenty of time and room • Help other drivers pass you safely. to pass. Move to the right side of your lane • On a two-lane road, tap your horn, to give them more room and a bet- or at night blink your headlights to ter view of the road ahead. let the other driver know you are passing. 5.25.2 - When You May Not Pass You may not pass on a two-lane road 56

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014Do NOT Overtake and Pass at These LocationsBroken Solid Line Line HILLS Solid double CURVES yellow LineBroken Solid Broken Solid Line Line Line Line INTERSECTIONS RAILROADSwith traffic moving in opposite directions 5.26 - Minimum Safe Followingunder these conditions: Distances• Where you see a “DO NOT PASS” You must always share the road with oth-or “NO PASSING ZONE” sign. The er roadway users. The more distance be-prohibition of passing in a no-Pass- tween your vehicle and other roadway us-ing zone does not apply when an ob- ers, the more time you have to react. Thisstruction exists making it necessary space is a large space cushion designedto drive to the left of the center of the for your protection. Always maintain ahighway [s 316.0875(3) F.S.]. Thus, safe space cushion around your vehicle.when a cyclist is traveling so slowly Rear-end crashes are very common at in-as to constitute an “obstruction,” a tersections. Drivers following too close-motorist may cross the center line in ly, and then being unable to stop beforea no-passing zone if the way is clear hitting the vehicle ahead when it stopsto do so, i.e., when it can be seen that too quickly causes these types of crashes.oncoming traffic is far enough away Keep a minimum following distance ofthe pass may be completed before three to four seconds with an additionalcoming within 200 feet of an oncom- second for any unusual weather or trafficing vehicle. conditions.• Where a solid yellow line is paintedon your side of the center line. To determine your following distance:• On hills or curves, and at • Watch when the rear of the vehicleintersections. ahead passes a sign, pole or any• Within 100 feet of a bridge, viaduct, other stationary point.tunnel, or railroad crossing. Vio- • Count the seconds it takes you tolators may be arrested or issued a reach the same sign, pole, or anyticket. other stationary point (“One- thousand-one, one-thousand-two, one-thousand-three, one-thousand- 57 four”).

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014 ings, or streetcar, or railroad tracks. • You are following too closely if • When following drivers whose view you pass the stationary point before counting to one-thousand-four. to the rear is blocked you should • Reduce speed and then count again allow for an extra cushion of space at another stationary point to check so the vehicle can see you. The the new following interval. Repeat drivers of trucks, buses, vans or until you are following no closer vehicles pulling campers or trailers than “three-seconds.” may not be able to see your vehicle • After practicing, guess how many when you are directly behind them. seconds away you are from an object They could stop suddenly without and then count the seconds it takes knowing your vehicle is to the rear. to reach the object to see how accu- Large vehicles can also block your rate you are. view of the road ahead; therefore, you should reduce your speed and:01 :02 :03 :04 allow for more space so you can see around the vehicle.3 - 4 Second Minimum Flowing Distance NOThere are certain situations where you YESwould need more space in front of yourvehicle. In the following situations, you • Add more space in front of yourmay need more than a three-second fol- vehicle when carrying a heavy loadlowing interval to be safe due to high-risk or pulling a trailer. The extra weightbehavior. Add more space in front of increases your vehicle’s stopping andyour vehicle and increase your following steering ability.interval in the following situations: • Increase your following interval • You need more distance to stop a when it is hard to see ahead because vehicle on slippery roads, therefore, of darkness or bad weather. leave more space in front of your vehicle. If the vehicle ahead sudden- • If your vehicle is being followed ly stops, your vehicle will need the closely, you should allow for extra extra distance to stop safely. space. Slow down and keep to the right. Your vehicle will then be able • Slow down to allow space in front of to stop or steer effectively without your vehicle when the vehicle being hit from behind. behind wants to pass. Slowing also will allow the pass to be completed • Police vehicles, law enforcement, in less time. ambulances and fire trucks need more space to operate, so increase • Keep more space in front of your your following interval. Many states vehicle, when following motorcycles. require other vehicles to stay at least Motorcycles are different sizes and 500 feet to the rear of emergency have different braking capabilities equipment that is a minimum of 10 than other motor vehicles. If the seconds at 30 mph and a minimum motorcycle should fall, your vehicle of 6 seconds at speeds of 60 mph. needs extra stopping or steering dis- [Add state/province/territory infor- tance to avoid the rider. The chances mation here]. of a motorcyclist falling are greatest on wet or icy roads, gravel roads or • Leave extra space in front of your metal surfaces such as bridges, grat- vehicle for vehicles required to 58

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014come to a stop at railroad crossings, er turn signal if driving from a curb andincluding transit buses, school buses yield to other traffic.or vehicles carrying haz-ardous materials. 5.27.1 - Parking on HillsLeave extra space in front of When parking on hills:your vehicle when stopped • Turn your wheels so thatbehind another vehicle on a Down Hill if your car starts to move,hill or incline. The vehicle turn wheels it will roll away from trafficahead may roll back before it or into the curb. Study thebegins to move forward. to curb diagram provided. • Set the parking brake. • Place automatic gear shift5.26.1 - Following Distance in park. Shift manual gearsfor Trucks to reverse (downhill) or firstA truck or any vehicle towing (uphill).another vehicle may not fol- • Turn vehicle off.low within 300 feet of another Up Hilltruck or vehicle towing a vehi- with curb- 5.27.2 - Straight-in Parkingcle. This law does not apply to turn wheels The rear markers representovertaking and passing, and it from curb the REAR corners of thedoes not apply within cities or parking space. The forwardtowns. markers represent the ap-5.27 - Parking proximate CENTER of the parking space. When proper-When parking on a public ly parked, the vehicle shouldroad, move as far away from Up Hill be centered inside the spacetraffic as possible. If there is a without curb- with no part of the vehicleroadside shoulder, pull as far turn wheels extending out into the trafficonto it as you can. If there is a lane. to rightcurb, pull close to it - you mustnot park more than one foot away. 5.27.3 - Where Parking is not AllowedAlways park on the right side of the road- • On the roadway side ofway, unless it is a one-way street. Make another parked vehiclesure your vehicle cannot move. Set the (double parking).parking brake and shift to park with anautomatic transmission or reverse with a • On crosswalks.manual transmission. Turn off the engine • On sidewalks.and lock the vehicle. Florida law requires • In bicycle lanes.that you take the keys out of your vehicle • In front of driveways.before leaving it. Always check traffic be- • By curbs painted yellowhind you before getting out on the streetside or get out on the curb side. Bicyclists or where “No Parking”may be endangered by opening a door. signs are posted.Before you leave any parked position, • Within intersections.look over your shoulder to the rear to • Within 15 feet of a firemake sure the way is clear. Give the prop- hydrant. • Within 20 feet of an intersection. • Within 20 feet of the entrance to a fire, ambulance or rescue squad station. 59

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014 a physician licensed in the United • Within 50 feet of a railroad crossing. States, the Division of Blind Ser- • On the hard surface of a highway vices of the Department of Educa- where parking spaces are not tion, or the Veterans Administra- marked. tion, that the applicant is a severely • On any bridge or overpass physically disabled individual with or in any tunnel. permanent mobility problems • Within 30 feet of a rural mail box on which substantially impair his or a state highway between 8 a.m. and her ability to move around or is 6 p.m. certified as legally blind. • Within 30 feet of any flashing signal, 2. Display: Visible from the front and stop sign or traffic signal. rear of the vehicle. • In such a way that you block or 3. Procedure: Contact your local create a hazard for other vehicles. county tax collector or tag agent. a. Complete HSMV 83039 -5.27.4 - Parking LightsParking lights must be used at night Application for a disabled person’son any vehicle parked on a roadway or parking permit.shoulder outside of cities and towns. b. Provide proof of eligibility -Driving with parking lights only (in place Doctor’s Statement issued withinof headlights) is against the law. the last 12 months. c. Application for permanent5.27.5 - Parking Privileges for Persons disabled parking permit is no feewith Mobility Impairments - blue.Persons with mobility impairments do d. Pay $15 for temporary disablednot have to pay person parking permit red.parking fees on e. Present valid Florida driverany public street, license or identification card ifhighway, or me- one was issued and available.tered space and Vehicles with Specialty License Platesmay park in spaces that display the International Symbolreserved for person of Access (otherwise known as the in-with disabilities. To ternational wheelchair symbol) maypark in these desig- legally park in spaces reserved for peoplenated spaces, a per- with Disabilities.son needs to obtain a parking placard orobtain a specialty license plate authorizedto park in the reserved spaces.Parking PlacardsVehicles must display a valid parkingplacard which is visible from the frontand rear of the vehicle. Each side of the Disabled American Veterans (DAV) andplacard must have the international sym- Paralyzed Veterans of America (PVA)bol of accessibility in a contrasting color in plates are not required to have the ISAthe center. The placards may be obtained Symbol. The ISA Symbol is optional:from a tag agent or Tax Collector’s office Parking reserved for people with dis-and must be renewed every four years. abilities is a Federal and State legal re- quirement. Accessible parking spaces1. Proof of Eligibility: Statement from 60 allow motorists with disabilities safe and

equal access to goods and services. It is Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014illegal for any vehicle to park, stop, or 5.28 - Expressway Drivingstand in these spaces unless it displays a Expressways - also called interstate high-Parking Permit, a Specialty License Plate ways, freeways, and turnpikes are multi-with the ISA symbol issued by the Florida ple-lane roads with no stop signs, trafficDMV, or a similar permit or plate issued lights, or railroad crossings. For theseby another state. In addition, the vehicle reasons, expressways can give you a fast,must actually be transporting the person safe way to get where you need to go.with the disability who owns the permit orregistration. Law enforcement officers are Pedestrians, hitchhikers, bicycles, ani-authorized to request proof of ownership mal-drawn vehicles or motor-driven cy-of the Parking Permit identification card cles and motor scooters with 150 cubicor a vehicle with a Specialty ISA License centimeter displacement or less are notPlate. Do not loan your Parking Permit. allowed on expressways.Anyone who obtains or uses a permit thatdoes not belong to them can be charged 5.28.1 - Entering and Leavingwith a second degree misdemeanor, pun- Expresswaysishable by a $500 fine or up to 6 months in Vehicles can enter and leave expresswaysjail, and the illegally parked vehicle can be only at certain points. Because express-towed and the permit confiscated. way traffic is usually moving at or close toSee DHSMV web site for additional in- the maximum speed allowed, you need toformation on disabled parking permits. know how to enter and exit safely.www.flhsmv.gov/dmv/disabled_pkg.html#3 All expressway entrances have three basicEntering an Expressway Be prepared to adjust speed whenAdjust to freeway speed approaching mergingin the acceleration lane areaSignal and move Do not enter freewaycarefully into here at sharp anglefreeway lane Acceleration LaneMerging Area WRONG! Traffic Flow Traffic Flow WRONG! DecelerationDo not slow down Lanehere on freeway Ramp Slow down after turning 25 Check the into deceleration lane posted safe speed for the rampLeaving an Expressway Don’t make a last minute turnoff 61

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014parts: an entrance ramp, an acceleration expressway except in an emergency.lane, and a merging area. Follow these If your vehicle breaks down, it mayguidelines to enter an expressway safely: be parked on the side of the express- way (completely off the pavement) • On the entrance ramp, begin for no more than six hours. Raise checking for an opening in traffic. your hood and tie a white cloth to Signal for your turn. your antenna or left door handle to show you need help. • As the ramp straightens into the • Never back up on an expressway acceleration lane, speed up. Try to entrance ramp or exit ramp. The adjust your speed so that you can only exception to this would be if move into the traffic when you reach you are trying to enter an expressway the end of the acceleration lane. through an exit. In this case, you would see a “WRONG WAY” or • Merge into traffic when you can do “DO NOT ENTER” sign. Then you so safely. You must yield the right- must back up or turn around. of-way to traffic on the expressway. • Do not cross, drive on or park on the You cannot always count on other median strip. drivers moving over to give you • Do not follow too closely. Rear end room to enter, but do not stop on an collisions are the greatest danger on acceleration lane unless traffic is too expressways. Always leave room for heavy and there is no space for you emergency stops. to enter safely. • Stop driving when you feel tired. On long trips the hum of the engine andWhen leaving an expressway: your lack of movement can make • Get into the exit lane. Posted signs you feel sleepy. Stop for a cup of will tell you which one. Most coffee, a short walk, or a nap. Do not expressway exits are from the right risk falling asleep at the wheel. lane. • Signal your intention to leave the 5.29 - Night Driving expressway by using your turn You will need to drive with extra care at signal. night. You cannot see as far ahead or to • Slow down as soon as you are off the side, and glare from oncoming cars the expressway. Check the posted can reduce your vision even more. Follow safe speed for the exit ramp. these guidelines for driving at night: • Do not make last-minute turns into an exit. If you go past your exit, you must go to the next one.5.28.2 - Expressway Safety Reminders • Use your headlights (low beam or • Plan your trip. Know just where you high beam) between the hours of will get on and get off. sunset and sunrise. • Drive in the right lane and pass on the left. If there are three lanes, • Low beam headlamps are only use the right lane for lower speed effective for speeds up to 20-25 driving, the left for passing. If you MPH. You must use special care stay in the right lane, watch for cars when driving faster than these entering the expressway. Adjust your speeds, since you are unable to speed or move into the center lane so detect pedestrians, bicyclists and they can enter safely. others. • Never stop on the pavement, shoulder, or connecting ramp of an • High beam headlights can reveal 62 objects up to a distance of at 450 feet and are most effective for speeds faster than 25 MPH.

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014High beam headlights can reveal objects up to a distance of at least 450 feet and are most effective for speeds faster than 25 mph.At night, glare from oncoming cars can reduce your vision. Drive with extra care at night. • Don’t use high-beam headlights You can use these precautions to reduce within 500 feet of oncoming vehicles. your chances of colliding with an animal: • If you are behind other vehicles, use • Use caution when driving at dawn low beams when you are within 300 and dusk, this is when your visibility feet of the vehicle ahead. is poor and animals are most active. • When leaving a brightly lit place, • The risk of animal/vehicle collisions drive slowly until your eyes adjust to is greatest during the months of the darkness. October, November and December, due to the onset of breeding. • Don’t look directly at oncoming headlights. Instead, watch the right • Use caution and be alert when edge of your lane. Look quickly to driving on roadways marked with be sure of the other vehicle’s position deer crossing signs. These signs are every few seconds. placed in areas that have had a large number of deer/vehicle collisions. • Drive as far to the right as you can if a vehicle with one light comes • Look well down the road and far toward you. off to each side. Scan the sides of the road to watch for the reflection of5.30 - Animals your vehicle headlights in the eyes ofThere may be times when an animal sud- animals, especially at night and neardenly runs in front of your vehicle. Do woods and water.not swerve into oncoming traffic or offthe roadway to avoid hitting the animal. • Slow down when approachingBig game animals, mostly deer, are large animals that are standing near theenough to cause damage, injuries and fa- roadway, they may bolt or changetalities to a motor vehicle. However, the direction at the last minute.size of the animal may cause you to takedrastic action to prevent a collision. This • If you see an animal, such as a deermay result in a more serious crash than if cross the road, slow down and usethe vehicle collided with an animal. Re- caution. Deer travel in groups ex-gretfully, the safest alternative may be hit- pect other deer to follow.ting the animal. Concentrate on regain-ing control of the vehicle before, during, • Use flashers or a headlight signal toand after the collision with the animal. warn other drivers when animals are spotted on or near the road. • If you think you have time to avoid hitting an animal, reduce your speed, tap your brakes to warn other drivers 63

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014 even more. Your lights help other and sound your horn. Deer tend drivers see your vehicle, so be sure to fixate on headlights so flashing they all work. Keep your windshield them may cause the animal to freeze and headlights clean, to reduce the in the road. If there are no vehicles glare and increase visibility. close behind you, brake hard, but do • Slow down - and watch your not lock wheels causing a skid. speedometer - before you enter a patch of fog. Be sure that you can • If a collision is inevitable, do not stop within the distance that you swerve to avoid the animal, your can see. Fog creates a visual illusion risk of personal injury may be of slow motion when you may ac- greater if you do. Keep your vehicle tually be speeding. Speed is a major under control and on the roadway factor in fog-related crashes. when you hit the animal. • Watch out for slow-moving and parked vehicles. Listen for traffic • Report the crash to the police if it you cannot see. Open your window involves a large animal such as a a little, to hear better. deer or farm animal. If the animal • Reduce the distractions in your is a domestic pet and homes are vehicle. Turn off the radio and nearby try to notify the pet’s owner, cell phone. Your full attention is if possible. Do not go inside some- required. one’s home. • Use wipers and defrosters liberally for maximum visibility. Sometimes • Pets, such as dogs may also run it is difficult to determine if poor out on the roadway. Dogs that visibility is due to fog or moisture chase vehicles tend to approach in on the windshield. a straight line. Slow down until • Use the right edge of the road or the dog is near your vehicle then painted road markings as a guide. accelerate away from the dog as it • Be patient. Avoid passing and/or approaches. Dogs are likely to be changing lanes. seen in residential, rural or farm • Signal turns well in advance and areas. brake early as you approach a stop. • Do not stop on a freeway or heavily5.31 - Reduced Visibility traveled road. You could becomeYou must turn on your low beam (dim) the first link in a chain-reactionheadlights when driving between sunset collision. If you must pull off theand sunrise, including the twilight hours road, signal (people tend to followbetween sunset and sunrise or between tail lights when driving in fog), thenfull night and sunrise. You must also use carefully pull off as far as possible.these lights during any rain, smoke or After pulling off the road, turn onfog. Parking lights do not meet require- your hazard flashers(hazard lightsments of this law. should only be used when you pull over to show that you are parked5.31.1 - Fog or Smoke on the side of the road). Move awayWildfires, smoke, fog and heavy rain can from the vehicle.lower visibility on the roads. It is im- • Check traffic conditions beforeportant for drivers to drive as safely as traveling, by dialing 511 or visitingpossible in these conditions. www.fl511.com.Safety tips on driving in low visibility: • Drive with lights on low beam. High beams will only be reflected back off the fog and actually impair visibility 64

5.31.2 - Rain Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014The first few drops of rain mean danger. • Concentrate on steering.Roads are most slippery just after the rain • Slow down gradually.begins because oil dropped from cars has • Brake softly when the car is undernot been washed away. Slow down and control.plan for at least two times the normal • Pull completely off the pavement.stopping distance. 5.32.3 - Wet BrakesIn a heavy rain, your tires can ride on a thin • Test brakes lightly after drivingfilm of water, like skis. This is called hydro- through deep water.planing. When your tires are not touching • Brakes may pull to one side or maythe road, you can easily lose control and not hold at all.skid. Keep your tires on the road by slow- • Dry brakes by driving slowly in lowing down when it rains, and by having tires gear and applying brakes.with the right air pressure and good tread. 5.32.4 - Right Wheels off PavementBrakes often become wet after driving • Take your foot off the gas pedal.through deep water or driving in heavy • Hold the wheel firmly and steer in arain. They may pull to one side or the straight line.other, or they may not hold at all. If this • Brake lightly.happens, slow down and gently push on • Wait until the road is clear.the brake pedal until your brakes are • Turn back on the pavement sharplyworking again. at slow speed.5.32 - Handling Emergencies 5.32.5 - Car or MotorcycleWhen you are driving, things can happen Approaching in your Lanevery quickly. You may have only a frac-tion of a second to make the right move. • Sound your horn.Follow these guidelines for handling • Brake sharply.emergencies. • Steer for the side of the road or the ditch.5.32.1 - Breakdowns 5.32.6 - Jammed Gas Pedal • If possible, park where the disabled • Keep your eyes on the road. vehicle can be seen for 200 feet in • Tap the gas pedal with your foot. each direction. • Try to pry the pedal up with the toe • Move the vehicle so all four wheels of your shoe. are out of traffic lanes. • Shift into neutral. • Turn on your emergency flashers. • Turn off the ignition. (Do not turn • Get all passengers out on the side the key to lock, or your steering will away from traffic. lock.) • Tie a white cloth on the left door • Use your brakes. handle or antenna. • Raise the hood. 5.32.7 - Brake Failure • Call * FHP or other law enforcement • Pump the brake pedal hard and agencies for assistance. fast, except for vehicles with an- ti-lock brakes.5.32.2 - Tire Blowout • Shift to a lower gear. • Do not use brakes. • Apply the parking brake slowly and 65

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014 make sure that you are holding in case you have to kick the window to es- down the release lever or button. cape. When the water along the window This will prevent your rear wheels is to your shoulder, try to open the door. from locking and your vehicle from If you are able to, there will still be a rush skidding. of water coming into the vehicle. • Rub your tires on the curb to slow your vehicle, or pull off the road If you cannot open the door or window, into an open space. there will be a small air pocket near the part of the vehicle which is highest in5.32.8 - Skidding the water. If you can’t get a side window • Take your foot off the gas pedal. open, take a breath and kick the window • Do not use your brakes, if possible. out. Go to the air pocket for one more • Pump the brakes gently if you are breath and then escape. about to hit something. • Steer the car into the direction of the 5.33 - First Aid skid to straighten the vehicle out. If you come upon a crash, send someone Then steer in the direction you wish for help. Then apply the three first aid rules: to go. 5.33.1 - Start the Breathing5.32.9 - Fire If the injured person has stopped breath-• If the fire is small and you have a ing, start artificial respiration right away.portable extinguisher, you should Do not stop until a doctor tells you toattempt to extinguish the fire. stop, or until the victim is breathing nor-• If you cannot extinguish the fire and mally.it continues to get larger, get awayfrom the vehicle, due to the pres- Follow these steps:ence of toxic fumes and the possibil- • Use your fingers to clear the victim’sity of explosion. mouth.• Never apply water to a gasoline or • Place the victim on his or her back,diesel fire. lift the neck, and tilt the head back. • Hold the victim’s nose tightly and5.32.10 – Submerged Vehicles blow vigorously through the mouth to make the chest expand once everyIf you are in a crash and your vehicle en- five seconds (twelve times a minute).ters a pond, lake, river or other body of • When the injured person is a smallwater you should remain calm and assess child, do not pinch the nose. Coverthe situation. If your vehicle enters wa- the child’s nose and mouth with yourter, it will only float on the surface for 30 mouth and blow smaller more fre-to 60 seconds so make every attempt to quent breaths, about 20 per minute.get out of the vehicle immediately. First,remove your safety belt, then lower thewindow and climb onto the top of the 5.33.2 - Stop the Bleedingvehicle. Before trying to swim away, as- Most bleeding can be stopped by press-sess the current of the water. ing down on the wound. If possible you should place a gauze pad over the woundIf the vehicle is sinking quickly and you and then press down. If you do not have acannot get the door or window open gauze pad, a clean cloth or even your fin-you will have to wait for the pressure to gers will have to be used. Bleeding fromequalize. Take off heavy clothing that will an artery should always be stopped first.cause you to sink, but keep your shoes on 66

The blood from an artery will be bright Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014red and will come out of the wound in • Keep onlookers back so that thespurts. If the blood is darker in color and injured person has air.flows evenly, it is from a vein. • Keep their head as low as possible unless there is a head injury.5.33.3 - Treat For Shock • Loosen tight collars to makePersons who have been injured may go breathing easier.into shock. When someone is in shock,all of the body functions slow down. DO NOT MOVE AN INJUREDShock can be very serious. It can cause PERSON WHO CANNOTdeath. Shock may develop right after acrash or later. Injured persons must be MOVE OR COMPLAINS OF PAINtreated for shock regardless of whether or IN THE BACK ORnot they appear to be in shock: NECK. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO • Reassure the injured person. Your REMOVE THE HELMET OF calmness will help. Do not give them anything to drink. AN INJURED MOTORCYCLE OR BICYCLE RIDER. • Cover the person with blankets or coats to hold body heat. Have the person lie flat. 67

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014Test Your Knowledge1. If a law enforcement officer stops 9. After passing a vehicle, you musta vehicle for a violation and finds a return to the right side of the roadfront seat passenger, 17 years of age before coming within how many feetor younger not wearing a safety belt, of an oncoming vehicle? (See sectionwho will be charged with the seat 5.25)belt violation? (See section 5.9) 10. Where is it unlawful to overtake2. To what ages does the Child Re- and pass? (See section 5.25.2)straint Law apply? (See section 2.1 11. What is the recommended safe fol-and 5.10) lowing distance? (See section 5.26)3. What is the maximum speed lim- 12. Which way should you turn yourit in a residential area if there is no wheels when parking facing uphillspeed limit sign? (See section 5.11) where there is a curb? Which way4. What is the maximum speed limit should you turn them where there ison an interstate highway on a clear not a curb? (See section 5.27.1)day? In a rural area? (See section 13. What should you do if you drive5.11) past the exit on an interstate high-5. When you are driving too slowly, way where you wanted to get off?can you be issued a ticket? (See sec- (See section 5.28.2)tion 5.11) 14. At what times should you use6. If you approach a red light and your headlights? (See section 5.29)a traffic officer directs you to go 15. When approaching another ve-through the intersection without hicle from the rear at night, withinstopping, what should you do? (See how many feet must you dim yoursection 5.12) bright headlights? (See section 5.29)7. What is the arm signal for a left 16. Within how many feet of an on-turn? Right turn? Slow or stop? (See coming vehicle should you dim yoursection 5.22) bright headlights? (See section 5.29)8. When may you drive in the left 17. When driving in the rain, fog, orlane of a road with four or more smoke in the daytime, what lights dolanes with two-way traffic? (See sec- you turn use? (See section 5.31.1)tion 5.23) 68

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014 Take asecond look beforebacking up to prevent accidents! 69

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014SSehcatriionng6the Road 6. If children are in the vicinity, take special care, because children areThis Section Covers: not fully aware of the dangers of• 6.1: Pedestrians traffic.• 6.2: Bicycles• 6.3: Motorcycle Awareness 7. Be respectful of others who have• 6.4: Mopeds difficulty in crossing streets, such• 6.5: School Buses as elderly persons or persons with a• 6.6: Public Transit visual disability.• 6.7: Funeral Processions• 6.8: Sharing the Road with a Be especially observant for children in or along the roadway and be aware of pedes- Truck trians sharing the road where sidewalks• 6.9: Golf Carts are not present. When a vehicle is stopped at a cross-6.1 Pedestrians walk to permit a pedestrian to cross the6.1.1 – Safety Rules for Motorist roadway, the driver of any other vehicleRegarding Pedestrians approaching from the rear shall not over-It is the motorist’s responsibility to do ev- take and pass such stopped vehicle.erything possible to avoid colliding with Note: When one driver stops to let a pe-pedestrians. Bicyclists, skaters and skate- destrian cross, the stopped vehicles mayboarders in a crosswalk or driveway are screen the pedestrian from the view ofconsidered pedestrians. an approaching driver, and also screen the approaching vehicle from the pedes- 1. Turning motorists must stop for trian’s view. The law therefore requires a pedestrians at intersections and driver approaching a vehicle stopped at a driveways. crosswalk from the rear to assume that a pedestrian may be crossing, even when 2. Motorists must stop or yield as none can be seen at the moment. A vio- appropriate for pedestrians lation of this rule can cause serious injury crossing the street or driveway at because the overtaking driver is traveling any marked mid-block crossing, at speed. To reduce this risk, seasoned driveway or intersection without pedestrians pause to scan the next traffic traffic signals. lane before advancing beyond the outside edge of any “screen”. 3. Drivers must not block the crosswalk when stopped at a red 6.1.2 - Safety Rules for Pedestrians light. Do not stop with any portion 1. Look to the left, right, and left for of your vehicle overhanging the traffic before stepping off any curb, crosswalk area. Blocking a cross- and keep looking as you cross. walk forces pedestrians to go 2. Crosswalks at intersections may around your vehicle, and puts them be marked or unmarked. Cross- in a dangerous situation. ing is preferred at Intersections or designated crosswalks in the middle 4. You must stop and remain stopped of a block. However, pedestrians for pedestrians on the sidewalk may cross at other locations if not when entering or leaving an alley, between adjacent signalized inter- driveway, or private road. sections but are required to yield to 5. Do not make a turn that causes a pedestrian to stop, slow down or make some other special effort to avoid a collision. 70

other traffic. Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014 3. Cross with the green light, “WALK” cane or wheelchair, vehicles must come to a complete stop. or “walking person” symbol. Make sure you have enough time to cross. 6.2 - Bicycles Many locations in Florida have In Florida, the bicycle is legally defined “count-down” pedestrian signals. as a vehicle and has all of the privileges, These indicate the time remaining rights and responsibilities to utilize the for the crossing. roadway as a motor vehicle operator 4. While walking along a highway does. Bicyclists on public roads (except without a sidewalk, always walk on for expressways) have the same rights the shoulder on the left side, facing and responsibilities as drivers of motor- traffic. Wear light colored and ized vehicles. reflective clothing or use a flashlight to make you more visible to drivers Respect the right-of-way of bicyclists be- at night. cause they are entitled to share the road with other drivers. Unlike motorists, bi-6.1.3- Persons Who are Blind cyclists may also operate on sidewalksThe primary traveling aids for a person (except where prohibited by local ordi-who is blind are often a white cane or a nance), but must yield to pedestrians ontrained guide dog. Independent travel sidewalks and in crosswalks.involves some risk that can be greatly re-duced when you, the driver, are aware of Riding against the flow of traffic in thethe use and meaning of a white cane or adjacent traffic lane on a sidewalk is notguide dog. illegal. However, it places cyclists whereDrivers must always yield the right-of- motorists entering or leaving the road-way to persons who are blind. When a way at driveways and intersections dopedestrian is crossing a street or highway not expect wheeled traffic. As cyclistsguided by a dog or carrying a white cane move faster than pedestrians, conflicts(or a white cane with a red tip), vehicles between motorists and sidewalk ridersmust come to a complete stop. at driveways and intersection crosswalks can develop rapidly.6.1.4 – Persons Who are Mobility- 6.2.1 – Sharing the Road with a BicycleImpaired Expect to find a bicyclistDrivers must yield the right-of-way to on all types of roads (ex-mobility-impaired persons and pedestri- cept interstate highways),ans utilizing the assistance of a guide dog at all intersections andor service animal. roundabouts, in all types of weather, and at all timesMobility impaired persons must use of the day and night. Bicy-sidewalks; however, they may leave the clists may ride out of thesidewalk and use the roadway to avoid a bike lane in the travel lane for their ownpotential conflict. Drivers should be on safety due to narrow roads, or to avoidthe lookout for pedestrians leaving the obstacles or pavement hazards, or tosidewalk. prepare for a left turn. On roads without shoulders, or with cars parked along theWhen a pedestrian is crossing a public right side, often the safest place for a bicy-street or highway and the pedestrian is clist to ride is in the center of the lane. Ausing a walker, a crutch, or an orthopedic bicyclist may use the full lane even while 71

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014traveling substantially below the speed of do not turn directly in front of a bicyclist.traffic if the lane is too narrow for a car They may travel faster than you think.to safely pass a bicycle within the lane. When a bike lane is present, signal yourMost travel lanes in Florida range from turn and yield to any bicyclist in the bike10’ to 12’ wide and guidance indicates lane, before crossing the bike lane to en-that a 14’ lane is a width that allows safe ter a right turn lane. If no right turn lanesharing with most motor vehicles. is present, yield to any cyclist present in the bike lane and make your turn behind• Florida law requires that motorists the bicyclist. Otherwise merge into the give cyclists a minimum of three bike lane before making your turn. feet of clearance and reduce their speed.• On a two lane road, pass a bicyclist 6.2.3 – Young Bicyclistslike a slow moving vehicle, and only Children on bicycles can be unpredict-when it is safe to do so. able and can make sudden changes in• At night, avoid using high beam direction. Be especially careful whenheadlights when you see a cyclist children are present, and strictly obey theapproaching. speed limit in school zones and residen-• Do not follow a cyclist closely in tial areas.order to have adequate space toslow. Bicycles can maneuver quickly 6.2.4 – Bicyclist Sharing the Road withand may reduce speed or swerve to Vehiclesavoid a road hazard that a motorist Persons riding bicycles or mopeds on acannot see. roadway have the same rights (with cer-• Before opening a car door, check for tain exceptions) and duties as motor ve-bicyclists who may be approaching hicle drivers and may be ticketed for traf-from behind. fic violations. Know and obey these laws:• Avoid honking your horn. Bicyclists can usually hear an ap- • Bicyclists must obey all traffic proaching vehicle and loud noises controls and signals. can startle bicyclists, causing a crash. • An adult bicyclist may carry a child in a backpack or sling, child seat or trailer designed to carry children. • You may not allow a passenger to6.2.2 – Bike Lanes Intersections and remain in a child seat or carrierDriveways when you are not in immediateAt intersections, always assume that bi- control of the bicycle.cyclists are traveling straight unless they • Bicyclists and passengers undersignal otherwise. Yield to bicycles just age 16 are required to wear helmetsas you would to any other vehicle. Bicy- that meet federal safety standards.clists often ride on sidewalks and trails, A helmet purchased before Octoberso look both ways before crossing a side- 1, 2012, which meets the standardswalk or trail. A bicycle may come from of the American National Standardsan unexpected direction. Institute, the standards of Snell Memorial Foundations or any otherA large percentage of motorist bicycle nationally recognized standards forcrashes occur at intersections. When bicycle helmets adopted by DHSMVmaking a left turn, check for and yield may continue to be worn by a bicycleto bicyclists coming from the opposite rider or passenger until January 1,direction. When making a right turn, 2016.signal your turn, check for bicyclists, and • Every bicycle must be equipped with 72

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014a brake or brakes which allow the 6.3 - Motorcycle Awareness bicyclist to stop within 25 feet when traveling from a speed of 10 miles per As of July 1, 2010, there were 1,009,803 hour on a dry, level, clean pavement. motorcycle endorsements in the State of• A bicyclist on a sidewalk or Florida. That is over a million bikes on crosswalk must yield the right-of- the road! Please take a second to “look way to pedestrians and must give an twice … save a life.” audible signal before passing. 73 6.3.1 - Sharing the Road with a• Keep both hands on the handlebars. Motorcycle• On the roadway, check behind you • Watch for motorcycles and yield the before changing lanes or moving right-of-way. notably within the lane.• For use between sunset and sunrise, • Look at least three times before a bicycle must be equipped with a pulling into an intersection or lamp on the front exhibiting a white changing lanes and be aware that light visible from 500 feet to the front even the smallest of visual impair- and both a red reflector and a lamp ments can hide a motorcycle from on the rear exhibiting a red light view. visible from 600 feet to the rear.• If you are not traveling at the speed • When following a motorcycle, of other traffic, stay on the right-most remember that motorcycles have the portion of the roadway except when ability of stopping much more quick- passing, making a left turn, avoiding ly than other vehicles. Following too hazards or when a lane is too narrow closely endangers your life and that for you and a car to share it safely. of the motorcyclist.• When operating a bicycle on a one-way street with two or more • Never attempt to share the lane with traffic lanes, you may ride as close to a motorcycle. The motorcyclist the left-hand edge of the roadway as needs the room to maneuver safely practicable. and is entitled to the entire lane.• If you intend to make a left turn, you are entitled to full use of the lane • Never pass a motorcyclist with only from which the turn is made. a few feet of space. The force of the• In addition to the normal buffeted wind can cause the rider to vehicular-style left turn, you may lose control. Motorcyclists may also proceed through the right-most por- choose to ride near one side of a lane tion of the intersection and turn as to maximize the view ahead. close to the curb or edge as possible at the far side. After complying with • When your vehicle is being passed any official traffic control device, you by a motorcycle, maintain your lane may proceed in the new direction of position and speed. Allow the mo- travel. torcycle to complete the maneuver• Signal your intent to turn to other and assume proper lane position. vehicle operators by pointing in the direction you are going to turn. • It is especially difficult to gauge the• Do not wear headphones or any speed of a motorcycle because they other listening device except a hear- take up less of your field of vision, ing aid while bicycling. making depth perception more dif-• Do not ride a bicycle when under ficult. They may appear to be much the influence of alcohol or drugs. farther away than they really are. Be sure of their distance when making a maneuver in front of a motorcycle. • Motorcyclists often slow down by downshifting or rolling off the throttle, thus not activating the brake

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014 • Moped operators do not have to light. Predict a motorcyclist may carry PIP insurance. slow down without visual warning. • Operators 16 years of age or older • Maintain a four second buffer zone are not required to wear helmets. between you and a motorcyclist, more in bad weather. 6.5 - School Buses On a two way street or highway, all driv- • In traffic, especially in inclement ers moving in either direction must stop weather or under certain road for a stopped school bus which is picking conditions, motorcycles operate dif- up or dropping off children. You must re- ferently than other vehicles. Wind main stopped until all children are clear of gusts can move a motorcycle across the roadway and the bus’ stop arm is with- an entire lane. Wet or icy roads im- drawn. pair a motorcyclist’s ability to brake and maneuver. Potholes or railroad If the highway tracks often require motorcyclists to is divided by a change positions within their lane. raised barrier or Gravel roads decrease traction and an unpaved me- may cause a rider to slow down or dian at least five brake where a car would not. Give feet wide, you the motorcycle extra space when do not have to encountering these conditions. stop if you are moving in theAdditional information on motorcy- opposite direc-cle safety is located on the DHSMV tion of the bus. Painted lines or pavementwebsite: markings are not considered barriers.Florida Rider Training Program (FRTP) You must always stop if you are movinghttp://motorcycles.hsmv.state.fl.us/ in the same direction as the bus and you must remain stopped until the bus stopFlorida Motorcycle Handbook arm is withdrawn.http://www.flhsmv.gov/handbooks/6.4 - Mopeds Any person using, operating, or drivingPersons riding mopeds have the same a vehicle that passes a school bus on therights and duties as drivers of motor ve- side that children enter and exit whenhicles. Moped riders committing traffic the school bus displays a stopped signalviolations will receive citations. commits a moving violation and will be required to complete a basic driver im-Know and obey these moped laws: provement course.• You must be 16 years of age or older 6.5.1 - School Crossings to operate a moped on a public School area signs advise drivers of school road. zones and school crossings. School zones help protect the safety of students when• Operators of mopeds must have the they cross the roadway. School crossings minimum of a Class E license. No help inform drivers that children use that motorcycle endorsement is re- crossing to go to and from school. quired. Be attentive to school zone reduced• Mopeds must be registered annually speed limits, school crossing guards, and and a tag purchased. unpredictable children, since these sit-• Mopeds may not be operated on bicycle paths or foot paths. 74

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014uations may require you to reduce your 6.7 - Funeral Processionsspeed or stop. Pedestrians and drivers must yield theWhen children (walking, bicycling or right-of-way to funeral processions. Whenskating) or school crossing guards are the first vehicle in the funeral processionpresent in a crosswalk, drivers must yield lawfully enters an intersection, other ve-or stop at the marked stop line and with- hicles in the procession must have theirout stopping in the crosswalk. headlights on as a signal to other driversIt is the driver’s responsibility to avoid not to drive between or interfere with thecolliding with pedestrians. Do your procession while it is in motion, unlesspart to make every school crossing a safe directed to do so by a law enforcementcrossing for children. officer. 6.8 - Sharing the Road with aTruckCrossing guards are the first to enter and Whether you are sharing the road with alast to exit a crosswalk to indicate to driv- car, truck, bus, or other large vehicle, it’sers that pedestrians, especially children, important for safety’s sake to obey trafficare about to cross or are crossing. Do not laws, abide by the rules of the road, andenter the crosswalk while a school cross- drive defensively. Are there any specialing guard is in the roadway. rules for sharing the road with a truck?6.6 - Public Transit Yes! Here are some suggestions from pro- fessional truck drivers.All drivers should yield the right-of-way 6.8.1- The “No-Zone”to public transit buses traveling in the • Blind Spots. Although most largesame direction which have signaled and vehicles have several rearview mir-are reentering the traffic flow from a spe- rors, it is easy for a car, motorcyclecifically designated pullout bay. or bicycle to be hidden in a large vehicle’s blind spot. Do not follow 75

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014 closely behind a truck or a bus. When into the passing lane only if it is clear driving near a large vehicle, be aware and you are in a legal passing zone. of the driver’s blind spots on the Let the truck driver know you are right, left, front and behind. passing by blinking your headlights,• Rear Blind Spots. Unlike especially at night. The driver will passenger cars, trucks and buses have make it easier for you by staying to deep blind spots Directly behind the far side of the lane. them. Tailgating greatly increases • On a level highway, it takes only your chances of a rear-end collision three to five seconds longer to pass with a commercial vehicle. a truck than a car. On an upgrade, a• Unsafe Passing. Another “No truck often loses speed, so it is easier Zone” is just in front of trucks and to pass than a car. On a downgrade, buses. When passing a bus or truck, the truck’s momentum will cause it to be sure you can see the cab in your go faster, so you may need to increase rearview mirror before pulling in your speed. front. • Complete your pass as quickly as• Wide Right Turns. Truck and bus possible, and don’t stay alongside the drivers sometimes need to swing other vehicle. wide to the left in order to safely ne- • When a truck passes you, you can gotiate a right turn. They cannot see help the truck driver by keeping to cars, motorcycles or bicycles directly the far side of your lane. You’ll make behind or beside them. Cutting in it easier for the truck driver if you between the commercial vehicle and reduce your speed slightly. In any the curb or shoulder to the right event, do not speed up while the increases the possibility of a crash. truck is passing. After passing, the• Backing Up. When a truck is truck driver will signal to let you backing up, it sometimes must block know that the truck will be returning the street to maneuver its trailer ac- to your lane. curately. Never cross behind a truck • When you meet a truck coming that is preparing to back up or is in from the opposite direction, keep as the process of doing so. Remember, far as possible to the side to avoid a most trailers are eight and a half feet sideswipe crash and to reduce the wide and can completely hide objects wind turbulence between the two that suddenly come between them vehicles. Remember that turbulence and loading areas. Automobile driv- pushes the vehicles apart; it does not ers attempting to pass behind a truck draw them together. enter a blind spot for both drivers. 6.8.3 - Following a Truck6.8.2 - Passing • In general, trucks take slightly • When passing a truck, first check longer than cars to stop because to your front and rear, and move of their size. However, at highway speeds or on wet roads, trucks may have better traction and stability al- lowing them to stop more quickly. A car following too closely may not be able to stop quickly enough to avoid rear-ending the truck. • If you are following a truck, stay out of its “blind spot” to the rear. Avoid 76

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014 following too closely and position limit of 30 miles per hour or less. your vehicle so the truck driver can • All local and state traffic laws must see you in his side mirrors. Then you will have a good view of the be obeyed. When in a crosswalk, road ahead, and the truck driver can pedestrians and any individual using give you plenty of warning for a an adaptive device will always have stop or a turn. You will have more the right of way. time to react and make a safe stop. • Golf Carts can be driven on the• When you follow a truck at night, sidewalks adjacent to the state or always dim your headlights. Bright county road only if the person driving lights from a vehicle behind will the cart yield to pedestrians and the blind the truck driver when they sidewalk is at least 5 feet wide. reflect off the truck’s large side mirrors. To safely operate on designated roads, the• If you are stopped behind a truck golf cart must be equipped with: on an upgrade, leave space in case the truck drifts back slightly when • Efficient Brakes it starts to move. Also, keep to the • Rearview Mirror left in your lane so the driver can • Reliable steering apparatus see that you’re stopped behind the • Red reflectorized warning devices truck. on both the front and rear of cart. • Safe tires6.9 - Golf Carts A golf cart may only be operated duringA golf cart may be operated only upon a the hours between sunrise and sunset. Ifcounty road that has been designated by local government determines that a golfa county, or a municipal street that has cart may be operated outside those hours,been designated by a municipality, for it must also be equipped with:use by golf carts. Upon a determinationthat golf carts may be safely operated on • Headlightsa designated road or street, the respon- • Turn signalssible governmental entity shall post ap- • Brakes lightspropriate signs to indicate that such op- • Windshielderation is allowed. *While golf carts cannot travel at high speeds,Operation of golf carts on public roads they can pose risks as there is potential foror streets of this state is granted by F.S. serious injuries when they come in contact316.212, however subjected to the fol- with other motor vehicles that are sharing thelowing conditions: road. To ensure your safety as well as others, you should always exercise care and courtesy while sharing the roadway.• A Golf cart may not be operated by anyone under the age of 14.• A Golf cart may be operated during the hours between sunrise and sunset.• Golf Carts Operators may cross state roads if the posted speed limit is 45 mph or less only at an intersection with an official traffic control device.• Golf carts may be operated only on state roads that have a posted speed 77

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014Test Your Knowledge1. Are motorists required to stop or 8. Who is required to wear a bicycleyield for pedestrians crossing the helmet? (See section 6.2.4)street or driveway? (See section 6.1.1) 9. Are vehicles traveling in the op-2. What must you do when you see posite direction of school buses thata pedestrian with a white cane in have stopped to unload children onthe street ahead of you? (See section a divided highway with a raised bar-6.1.3) rier required to stop? (See section 6.5)3. What is the minimum required 10. When a school bus stops to un-clearance a motorist must maintain load children on a divided highway,from a cyclist? (See section 6.2.1) should the vehicles traveling in the4. When can a motorist preparing to same direction as the bus stop? (Seemake a right hand turn, move into a section 6.5)bike lane? (See section 6.2.2) 11. If a school bus stops to unload5. What should you do when prepar- children on a four-lane highwaying to turn right on a roadway with a divided only by a four-foot pavedbike lane? (See section 6.2.2) strip, must vehicles traveling in the6. As you prepare to turn right at an opposite direction stop? (See sectionintersection, what should you do? 6.5)(See section 6.2.2) 12. When children or school cross-7. Do riders of bicycles and mopeds ing guards are present in a cross-on a roadway have the same rights walk, what should a driver do? (Seeand responsibilities as motor vehicle section 6.5.1)drivers? (See section 6.2.3) 78

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 201479

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014SMSiegacnrtkisoiannng7ds Pavement Green Go - but only if the intersection is clear.This Section Covers: Yield to pedestrians and vehicles still in• 7.1:Traffic Control Signs the intersection. If turning left, wait for a• 7.2: Pedestrian Signals gap in oncoming traffic to complete the• 7.3: Lane Signals turn. If you turn left or right, yield to pe-• 7.4: Ramp Signals destrians crossing in the crosswalk that• 7.5:Traffic Signs you turn into.• 7.6: Pavement Markings Red Arrow7.1 - Traffic Control Signals Just like a red light, come to aTraffic signals are complete stop at the markedplaced at intersec- stop line or before movingtions to keep traf- into the crosswalk or intersec-fic moving and tion. After stopping, you mayto avoid a crash. turn right on a red arrow at most inter-Drivers, pedestri- sections if the way is clear. Some inter-ans, and bicycle sections display a “NO TURN ON RED”riders must obey sign, which you must obey. Left turns onthese signals, ex- a red arrow from a one-way street into acept when an officer is directing traffic. one-way street are also allowed.Stop on the stop line if your car is nearest Yellow Arrowthe signal. Some signals change only when Stop if you can. The light willa car is at the stop line. Occasionally, even soon be red. The yellow arrowwhen properly positioned near the stop means the same as the yel-line, motorcyclists and bicyclists may not low light, but applies only tobe detected. If traffic signals are out of or- movement in the direction ofder, treat the light as if it is a four-way stop the arrow.sign. Flashing Left Yellow Arrow A flashing left yellow arrowRed means left turns are allowed.Come to a complete stop at the marked Yield to oncoming traffic andstop line or before moving into the cross- pedestrians. The oncomingwalk or intersection. At most intersec- traffic has a green light.tions, after stopping, you may turn right Flashing Right Yellow Arrowon red if the way is clear. Some intersec- A flashing right yellow arrowtions display a “NO TURN ON RED” means right turns are allowed.sign, which you must obey. Left turns on Yield to oncoming traffic anda red light from a one-way street into a pedestrians.one-way street are also allowed. Any- Green Arrowone convicted of running a red light is A green arrow, pointing rightrequired to complete a basic driver im- or left, means you may makeprovement course. a turn in the direction of the arrow. If the red light is illu-Yellow minated at the same time, youStop if you can safely do so. The light willsoon be red. 80

must be in the proper lane for such a turn Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014and you must yield the right-of-way tovehicles and pedestrians clearing the in- START CROSSINGtersection. Watch ForFlashing Signals VehiclesA flashing red light means thesame thing as a stop sign. It is DON’T STARTused at dangerous intersec- Finish Crossingtions. FLASHING If StartedA flashing yellow light means TIME REMAININGyou may move forward with To Finish Crossingcaution. It is used at, or justbefore, dangerous intersec- TIMERtions, or to alert you to a STOP!warning sign such as a school crossing orsharp curve. DON’T CROSS7.2 - Pedestrian Signals What are the benefits?Pedestrian signals show words or pic- Countdown pedestrian signals are eas-tures similar to the following examples: ily understood by all age groups; they“WALK” or “Walking Per- increase the feeling of safety; reduce theson” lights mean a pedes- number of pedestrians stranded in thetrian may begin crossing crosswalk when the light changes; arethe street. well suited for wide crossings and areas“DON’T WALK” or with large numbers of senior citizens;“Raised Hand” lights and are simple to install.mean a pedestrian maynot begin crossing. A 7.3 - Lane Signalspedestrian in the cross- Lane signals are used:walk when the “DON’TWALK” or “Raised Hand” signal begins • When the direction offlashing should finish crossing the street. the flow of traffic changes during the day.7.2.1 - Pedestrian CountdownSignal • To show that a toll booth is open or closed. • To show which lanes are opened or closed.How do they work? You must never drive in a laneThe countdown time period is based on under a red X. A yellow Xwalking speed and crossing distance. For means that your lane signal isinstance, an eight-lane highway would going to change to red. Preparehave a longer countdown period than a to leave the lane safely. You may drive infour-lane road. The countdown period lanes beneath the green arrow, but youstarts at the beginning of the DON’T must also obey all other signs and signals.START or flashing hand phase and endswith a zero and a DON’T WALK or solidred hand. 81

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014 Horizontal Rectangle7.4 - Ramp Signals Generally for guide signs.Ramp Signals are signals that control the Trianglerate of vehicles entering a freeway. The Exclusively for yield signs.signals alternate between red and greenindications and the driver must wait for Pennantthe green signal before he/she may enter Advance warning of no pass-the freeway. Ramp signals are consid- ing zones.ered traffic control devices and failure toobey ramp signals are subject to the rulesof enforcement and fines per Section316.074, F.S.7.5 - Traffic Signs Diamond Exclusively to warn of exist-Shapes and Colors ing or possible hazards onThere are ten colors and nine shapes of roadways or adjacent areas.traffic signs. Each shape and each color Vertical Rectanglehas an exact meaning, so you must ac- Generally for regulatory signs.quaint yourself with all of them. Pentagon School advance and schoolGreen: Guide, directional information. crossing signs.Red: Stop, do not enter or wrong way. RoundBlue: Motorist services guidance. It is Railroad advance warningalso used to identify parking spaces for signs.disabled drivers. CrossbuckOrange: Construction and maintenance Railroad crossing.warning. Octagon:Brown: Public recreation areas and Stop Signs are always octag-guidance toareas of cultural and histori- onal (8 sided). A stop signcal significance. means that you must bringYellow: General warning and advisory your vehicle to a complete halt at theof unexpectedroadway conditions. marked stop line. If there is no markedWhite: Regulatory. stop line, stop before entering the cross-Black: Regulatory. walk on the near side of the intersection.Fluorescent Yellow Green: High em- If there is no crosswalk, stop at a pointphasis warning of school, pedestrian, nearest the intersecting roadway whereand bicycling activity. you have a clear view of approaching traffic on the intersecting roadway be-The shape of a road sign can tell you as fore entering the intersection.much about the sign’s message as its col-or.OctagonExclusively for stop signs. 82

A 4-Way Stop sign means Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014that there are four stop signs Begin School Zoneat this intersection. Traffic Do not exceed the school zonefrom all four directions must speed limit during indicatedstop. The first vehicle to times. Watch for children!reach the intersection should move forward first. If two vehicles reach Begin School Zone the intersection at the same time, the Do not exceed the school zonedriver on the left yields to the driver on speed limit when flashing.the right. Watch for children!Triangle: Yield End School ZoneSlow down and give vehicles This sign marks the end of acrossing your path the right- reduced school speed zone.of-way. If the way is clear, you may move forward slowly 7.5.1 Warning Signswithout stopping. Yield signs are usually Here are some common warning signs.placed where auxiliary roads lead into These signs give you advance notice ofmajor roads. possible hazards ahead. Drive with cau- tion.Pennant: No Passing Slippery When WetYou are entering a no passing In wet weather, drive slowly.zone. This sign is placed Do not speed up or brakeon the left side of the road, quickly. Make sharp turns atfacing the driver. a very slow speed. Divided Highway AheadDiamond: Warning The highway ahead is dividedNarrow bridge. These signs into two one-way roadways.warn you of special con- Keep to the right.ditions or dangers ahead. Divided Highway EndsWords or symbols on the The divided highway onsign will show why you need to use which you are traveling endscaution. 350 to 500 feet ahead. You will then be on a roadway withPentagon: School Sign two-way traffic. Keep to the right.This five-sided sign means Low Clearanceyou are near a school. Watch Do not enter if your vehiclefor children. is taller than the height listedSchool Crossing on the sign.As you approach this sign, Bicycle Crossingslow down and watch for chil- This sign warns you in ad-dren crossing the road. Stop if vance that a bikeway crossesnecessary. Obey signals from the roadway ahead.any crossing guards. 83

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014 Double CurveMerging Traffic The road will curve to theYou are coming to a point right, then to the left. Slowwhere another traffic lane your speed, keep to the right,joins the one you are on. and do not pass.Watch for other traffic andbe ready to yield the right-of-way when Winding Road TRUCKnecessary. There are several curves CROSSINGPedestrian Crossing ahead. Drive slowly andWatch for people crossing the street. carefully.Slow down or stop if necessary. Narrow Bridge Truck CrossingThe bridge is wide enough Watch for trucks entering orto accommodate two lanes crossing the highway.of traffic, but with very littleclearance. Cross RoadDip A road crosses the mainThere is a low place in the highway ahead. Look to theroad. Go slowly and be left and right for other traffic.ready to stop if the dip is Side Roadfilled with water. Another road enters theSoft Shoulder highway from the directionThe dirt on the side of the shown. Watch for trafficroad is soft. Don’t leave from that direction.the pavement except in an Sharp Right Turnemergency. The road will make a sharpOne Lane Bridge turn to the right. Slow yourThe bridge is wide enough speed, keep to the right, andfor only one vehicle at a do not pass other vehicles.time. Make sure the bridge Reduction of Lanesis clear of oncoming traffic There will be fewer lanesbefore you cross. ahead. Traffic must mergePavement Ends left. Drivers in the left laneThe road surface ahead should allow others to mergechanges from a hard-sur- smoothly. Right lane ends.faced pavement to a low- Advisory Speed Signtype surface or earth road. The highest safe speed youRight Curve should travel around theSlow your speed and keep curve ahead is 25 miles perwell to the left. The road will hour. Advisory speed signscurve to the right. may be used with any dia- mond-shaped warning sign. 84

Hill/Downgrade Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014Slow down and be ready to Remember that a red circleshift to lower gear to control with a slash means NO. Thespeed and save brakes. sign shows you what is notYield Ahead allowed.This sign warns of a yieldsign ahead. Slow down and NO U-TURN - You cannotbe prepared to stop at yield make a complete turn to go insign or adjust speed to traffic. the opposite direction whereTraffic Signal Ahead this sign is displayed. NoThis sign warns of traffic sig- U-turn.nals at the intersection ahead.Slow down; poor visibility is You must not make a rightlikely. turn at this intersection.Stop Sign AheadWhen you come to this sign, 50 miles per hour is the highestslow down to be ready to stop speed you can safely travel inat the stop sign. this area.Two-Way Traffic AheadThe one-way street or road- Speeding Fines Doubled. SPEEDINGway ahead ends. You will then This is a Florida Standard sign FINESbe facing oncoming traffic. that applies to both activeAnimal Crossing school and work zones. DOUBLEDThe animal pictured on thesign is common in this area: You cannot go straightwatch for this species crossing ahead. You must turn eitherthe road particularly during to the right or left.twilight and night-time hours.Roundabout Circle You are going the wrong wayWarning sign that provides an on an expressway exit ramp.advance notice of a round- Do not drive past this sign.about. Turn around immediately.Speed Reduction SignWarning sign that provides A divided highway is ahead.advance notice to upcoming Stay on the right side of thespeed limit change. divider.7.5.2 - Rectangle: RegulatoryInformation Parking in this space is only Parking ByThese signs tell you the law, so you must for vehicles displaying an offi- Disabledfollow their instructions. cial permit and transporting a Permit Only disabled person. You may travel only in the direction of the arrow. 85

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014This sign lists the maximum You must not turn either torecommended safe speed the right or to the left at thisfor an entrance or exit on an intersection.expressway. Slow down towhatever speed is shown. If you park, you must alwaysYou may not turn right or left park off the pavement of theduring the red light. You must highway.wait for the signal to turngreen. When entering a right turn lane BEGINA diamond-shaped marking motorists may conflict withshows that a lane is reserved bicyclists traveling straight. RIGHT TURN LANEfor certain purposes or certain Always yield. YIELD TO BIKESvehicles. The lanes are usuallyreserved for buses or car-pool The Florida Department ofvehicles during rush hour traffic. Transportation’s 511 Traffic Information Service provides TRAVELThe center lane is shared for bilingual (English and Spanish) INFOleft turns in both directions of real-time traffic information,travel. CALL 511 including travel times, crashes, lane closures, severe weather, construction and emergency evacuation information on all Florida interstate highways, many metropolitan roadways and Florida’sWhen you have passed this Turnpike. The service operates 24 hourssign, you are again permitted a day on the phone by dialing 511, or onto pass other vehicles with the Web at www.FL511.com. The 511care. service is available from cell phones andTraffic in left lane must turn landlines; however, standard cell phoneleft at the intersection ahead. minutes may apply.Stopping permitted only for EMERGENCY 7.5.3 - Railroad Crossing Signs andemergencies. STOPPING Signals There are several signs, signals and ONLY pavement markings that indicate high- way-railroad crossings. When you seeAt the intersection ahead one of them, slow down and be ready totraffic in left lane must turn stop.left and traffic in adjoininglane may turn left or contin- Remember:ue straight ahead. Trains cannot stop quickly. An average freight train traveling at 30 MPH needsThis sign is used on multiple a stopping distance of more than halflane highways to advise slow- a mile. Longer trains moving at fasterer driving traffic to stay in the speeds can take one and a half miles orright hand lane and also to more to stop. Any pedestrian or persondo so when approached from driving a vehicle and approaching a rail-behind by other traffic even if you are road-highway grade crossing must stopdoing the speed limit. 50 feet, but not less than 15 feet from the nearest rail of the railroad when the 86

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014electrical or mechanical warning devices If there is more than one track, makeare flashing, the crossing gate is lowered, sure all tracks are clear before crossing.a human flagger is warning of an ap- Do not move forward until you can doproaching train, or an approaching train so safely. In heavy traffic make sure thereis clearly visible and is in close proximity is room for your vehicle on the otherto the railroad-highway grade crossing. side before starting to cross.Do not proceed until you can do sosafely. Gates Many crossings have gates withPavement Marking flashing red lights and bells.Pavement markings, consist- Stop when the lights begin toing of an RXR followed by a flash and before the gate lowersstop line closer to the tracks, across your road lane. If the gatesmay be painted on the paved are down, the road is closed. It isapproach to a crossing. against the law to drive around or under a crossing gate, eitherAdvance Warning Sign down or being opened or closed.The advance warning sign is Do not move forward until the gatesusually the first sign you see are raised and the lights stop flashing aswhen approaching a high- there may be a train approaching on anway-rail intersection. The adjacent track.advance warning sign advises you to Always approach highway-railroadslow down, look and listen for a train, crossings at a reasonable speed andand be prepared to stop if a train is be prepared to stop if you have to. Beapproaching. especially alert when you are following buses or trucks, which may have to stopCrossbuck Sign at highway-railroad crossings even whenCrossbuck signs are found at gates are up and the warning lights arehighway-rail intersections. not flashing. If your car stalls on theThey are yield signs. You are tracks don’t hesitate. Get yourself andlegally required to yield the your passengers out and away from theright of way to trains. Slow car immediately. If a collision is immi-down, look and listen for a train, and nent, the safest direction is toward thestop if a train approaches. Railroad train but stay off the tracks. That waycrossbuck signs are found at most cross- you will be least likely to be hit by yourings. If there is more than one track, the vehicle or any debris from the collision.sign below the crossbuck will show thenumber of tracks at the crossing. 7.5.4 - Drawbridge Signs and SignalsFlashing Red Light Signals Drawbridges are mechanicalAt many highway-rail bridges over navigable wa-crossings, the crossbuck ters that raise or turn to allowsign has flashing red lights marine traffic to go under DRAWand bells. When the lights them. When they begin to BRIDGEbegin to flash,stop! A train isapproaching. move the roadway is closedDO NOT STOP ON THE TRACKS to all traffic. Always use caution when driving or walking over a OR WITHIN 15 FEET OF THE drawbridge. CROSSING. 87

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014 trians safely through the work site and toDrawbridge Signal provide for the safety of highway work-These should be treated just like a regular ers.traffic control signal. Be prepared to reduce your speed and use caution when directed to do so by a sign, DRAWBRIDGE flagger and/or police officer. SIGNALRed Construction and maintenance signs areCome to a complete stop at the marked used to notify drivers of unusual or po-stop line. The bridge is in operation and tentially dangerous conditions in or nearthe roadway is closed to all pedestrian work areas. Most signs used in highwayand motor vehicle traffic. and street work areas are diamond shaped.YellowStop if you can safely do so. The bridgeis just about to start operation. If you arenot able to stop, continue with cautionand watch for the traffic gates.Green Channeling DevicesGo - watch out for pedestrians and other Barricades, vertical panels, drums, andvehicles on the bridge. cones are the most commonly used de-Flashing Yellow Light Signal vices to alert drivers of unusual or poten-This is the first sign you see when ap- tially dangerous conditions in highwayproaching a drawbridge. This sign ad- and street work zones. These devices arevises you to slow down and look for the used to guide the drivers safely throughDRAWBRIDGE SIGNAL. If the yellow the work area, and at night, they maylight is flashing to indicate the draw- be equipped with warning lights. Whenbridge is in operation and the DRAW- a Road Closed sign is displayed, do notBRIDGE SIGNAL is red, prepare to stop. drive on this road. Look for a detour orMany drawbridges have gates with flash- another route. Stripes on barricades anding red lights and bells. Stop when the panel devices slope downward in the di-lights begin to flash and before the gate rection traffic must travel.lowers across your road lane. If the gates Flashing Arrow Panelsare down, the road is closed. It is against Flashing arrow panels arethe law to drive around or under a cross- used both during the day anding gate, either down or being opened or at night to give advance warn-closed. Do not move forward until the ing and directional informa-gates are raised and the lights stop flash- tion to drivers, where it ising. necessary to move to the right or to the left into another lane.7.5.5 - Construction and Maintenance A horizontal flashing bar indicates aTraffic Control Signs warning - use caution approaching theVarious traffic control devices are used work area.in road construction and maintenancework areas to direct drivers and pedes- 88

Flaggers Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014Flaggers are often provided 7.6 - Pavement Markingsin highway and street work Lines, symbols and words are oftenzones to stop slow, or guide painted on a roadway to help direct driv-traffic safely through the area. ers and control traffic flow. You mustFlaggers wear orange vests know what the different lines and colorsor jackets and use red flags mean and obey them as you would trafficor stop/slow panels to direct signs or signals.traffic through work zones. White and yellow lines are used along7.5.6 - Special Signs pavement edges and between lanes toSlow Moving Vehicle keep vehicles in line. These lines may beVehicles going less than 25 miles per solid or broken (long dashes), single orhour (such as farm equipment) must double.display this sign on the rear when usingpublic highways. Unless you are turning, exiting a high- way, or changing lanes, always stay be- tween the lines marking your lane.RIGHT LANE ONE LANE Yellow Lane Lines CLOSED ROAD Yellow lane lines separate lanes of traffic AHEAD 1000 FT moving in opposite directions. Single yellow lines may also mark the left edge of the pavement on divided highways and one-way streets.Green Guide Signs Broken Yellow LineGreen and white signs A broken yellow line separates lanes ofgive information about traffic moving in opposite directions.directions and distanc- Stay to the right of the line, unless you arees. Guide signs on ex- passing a vehicle in front of you. Whenpressways show you passing, you may cross this line tempo-which lanes to use to get where you want rarily when it is safe to do so.to go. Routes that run generally East-Westhave even numbers and those running Double Yellow Lines: One Solid,North-South have odd numbers.Blue and White Service SignsBlue and white signs direct you to services,such as gas, food, motels and hospitals.Brown and White Signs One BrokenBrown and white signs pRoOiCnNKAtYTo’MLuOPtUAsNRcTKeAnINic A solid yellow line to the right of a bro-areas and parks. ken yellow center line means passing or 6 MILES crossing is prohibited in that lane, except when turning left. If the broken line is 13 closer to you, you can cross the brokenROCKY MOUNTAIN NFaotrioesntal NAT’L PARK 6 MILES13 89National

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014line only to pass another vehicle andonly when it is safe to do so.Double Yellow LinesDouble solid yellow lines prohibit ve-hicles moving in either direction fromcrossing the lines. You may not crossthese lines unless turning left when it issafe to do so.White Lane Lines and to discourage lane changes near in-White lane lines separate lanes of traf- tersections.fic moving in the same direction. Single Arrows are often used with the whitewhite lines may also mark the right edge lines to show which turn may be madeof the pavement. from the lane.Broken White Line If you are in a lane marked with a curvedA broken white line separates two lanes arrow and the word ONLY, you must turntraveling in the same direction. Once in the direction of the arrow. If your laneyou have signaled and if it is safe to do is marked with both a curved and straightso, you may cross this line when chang- arrow, you may either turn or go straight.ing lanes. Reversible Lanes Some highways have reversible trafficSolid White Line lanes to help handle rush-hour traf-A solid white line marks the right edge fic. The direction of traffic is normallyof the roadway or separates lanes of traf- reversed at set times each day. Thesefic moving in the same direction. You pavement markings are used along withmay travel in the same direction on both special lane signals and other signs andsides of this line, but you should not symbols. A solid white line marks thecross the line unless you must do so to edge of the pavement on most roads.avoid a hazard. Stop lines, crosswalks and parking spaces are also marked by white lines. Symbols such as arrows are in white also. A sin- gle yellow line marks the left edge of all divided or one-way roadways. Curbs areDouble Solid White LineA double solid white line separates twolanes of traffic going in the same direc-tion. Crossing a double solid line is pro-hibited.Solid with Turn Lane ArrowSolid white lines are used for turn lanes 90

often marked yellow in no parking zones Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014near fire hydrants or intersections. It is Bicycle Lanesunlawful to park in or drive through ar- Some roads have pave-eas that have pavement markings indicat- ment markings that showing fire lanes or safety zones. lanes specifically desig- LANEThe lane marking arrow, in the center nated for the exclusive BIKElane in the diagram, indicates that traffic use of bicycles. Solid orin this lane can be reversed in accordance broken white lines separate these bikewith local traffic controls due to “rush lanes from motor vehicle travel lanes.hour” traffic or other special traffic con- You may see bike lanes marked with bikeditions. lane signs or by a combination of bicy-Drivers from either direction may use cle symbols and arrows. Where parallelthe center lane for left turns. parking is allowed, similar lines may sep-Two-Way Roadway with Center Lane arate the bicycle lanes from the parkingTwo-way roadway with a center lane for lanes.left turns in either direction of travel. Thespecially marked center turn lane is in- Sharrowstended for slowing down and for shelter- Some roads, mostly ining turning vehicles and may not be used urban areas, do havefor passing. shared-use lane markingsDrivers from either direction may use the (sharrows).center lane for left turns. These markings alert mo- torists that bicyclists may be on the road; indicate to bicyclists where to ride, and discourage bicycling in the wrong direc- tion. 91

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014Test Your Knowledge1. What does a red traffic light mean? stop, do you have the right to moveWhat does a flashing red traffic light forward first? (See section 7.4)mean? (See section 7.1) 6. Where do you usually find2. After a full stop at a red traffic “YIELD RIGHT-OF-WAY” signslight may a driver turn right if the posted? (See section 7.4)way is clear? (See section 7.1) 7. What does a solid yellow line to3. What does a green arrow showing the right of the center line of theat the same time as a red traffic light highway mean? (See section 7.6)mean you can do? (See section 7.1) 8. What does a double solid yellow4. Can you proceed with caution line in the center of the highwaywhen you approach a flashing yellow mean? What does a double solidlight? (See section 7.1) white line in the center of the high-5. If more than one vehicle is ap- way mean? (See section 7.6)proaching a four-way stop sign and 9. What does a broken white line onyou are the first one to get there and the highway mean? (See section 7.6) 92

VSeechtiicolne E8quipment Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014 certain standards. These are listed below.This Section Covers: 8.1.1 - Brakes• 8.1: Equipment Standards Your car must have two braking systems.• 8.2: Other Equipment Standards Each must be able to stop the car alone.• 8.3: Equipment Not Permitted The parking or emergency brake should• 8.4: Additional Equipment be strong enough to hold the car on any hill. Your brakes must be able to stop Required on Certain Vehicles your car within the distance shown on• 8.5: Limitations on Towing the chart.• 8.6: Limitations on Load 8.1.2 - Braking Distance• 8.7: Projecting Load Perception distance is how far your vehi-• 8.8: Nighttime cle travels, in ideal conditions; from the• 8.9: Daytime time your eyes see a hazard until your• 8.10: Anti-Locking Brake brain recognizes it. Keep in mind certain mental and physical conditions can affect Systems your perception distance. It can be af-• 8.11: Emmissions fected greatly depending on visibility and• 8.12:Vehicle Licensing the hazard itself. The average perception• 8.13: Providing Ownership and time for an alert driver is ¾ second to 1 second. Insurance coverage• 8.14: Applying for Title, License Reaction distance is how far you will con- tinue to travel, in ideal conditions; before Plates and Registration you physically hit the brakes, in response to a hazard seen ahead. The average driv-These items will be checked before you er has a reaction time of ¾ second to 1take the driving test for your license. If second. At 50 mph this accounts for 55your tires, brake light, directional signals, feet traveled.brakes, steering, horn or mirror are notin good condition, you will not be al- Braking distance is how far your vehiclelowed to take the driving test. You may be will travel, in ideal conditions; while youstopped at any time by a law enforcement are braking. At 50 mph on dry pavementofficer for a vehicle inspection. with good brakes, it can take about 158 feet.8.1 - Equipment StandardsThe equipment on your car must meet 10 20 30 40 50 40 30 20 10 10 20 30 40 50 40 30 20 1020 22 ft 22 ft 25 ft 69 ft total30 33 ft 33 ft 57 ft 123 ft total 189 ft total40 44 ft 44 ft 101 ft 158 ft50 55 ft 55 ft 227 ft 268 ft total 60 66 ft 66 ft Braking Distance 359 ft totalMPH Perception Reaction Distance Distance 93

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014 If you have a vehicle with manual trans-Total stopping distance is the total mini- mission, always slow down using themum distance your vehicle has traveled, brake pedal first before pressing downin ideal conditions; with everything con- the clutch. Brake to a smooth stop thensidered, including perception distance, shift into first or the proper gear whenreaction distance and braking distance, stopped.until you can bring your vehicle to acomplete stop. At 50 mph, your vehicle 8.1.3 - Steering lock Operationwill travel a minimum of 268 feet. Vehicles have various systems used to re- move the keys from the ignition. Here areThe faster you drive the greater the im- some common steering wheel lock sys-pact or striking power of your vehicle. tems and a description of how to removeWhen you double your speed from 20 the key:to 40 mph the impact is 4 times greater.The braking distance is also 4 times lon- The “Transmission Park” Systemger. Triple the speed from 20 to 60 mph Shift the transmission into the “park”and the impact and braking distance is 9 position. Turn the key to LOCK and re-times greater. At 60 mph, your stopping move.distance is greater than that of a foot- The “Two Hand Button” Systemball field. Increase the speed to 80 mph This system requires two hands. Depressand the impact and braking distance are button below the steering column. Turn16 times greater than at 20 mph. High key to the LOCK and remove.speeds greatly increase the severity of The “Lever” Systemcrashes and stopping distances. By slow- Depress lever located near the ignition.ing down, you can reduce braking dis- Turn key to LOCK and remove.tance. The “One Hand Button” System Depress button located near the ignition.You need to stay alert while driving to Turn key to LOCK and remove.be able to stop while giving other drivers The “Push In” Systemtime to slow down. Stopping suddenly Turn key OFF, push in. Turn key tois dangerous and usually means you are LOCK and remove.not paying attention to the traffic flow The “Turn and Remove” Systemor following others too closely. Sudden Turn key to LOCK and remove.slow downs make it harder for driv-ers behind your vehicle to stop withoutcausing a collision.If moving to the curb to stop your vehi- 8.1.4 Lightscle, check mirrors for traffic to the rear, Your car must have the following lights:check over your shoulder and signalintention. Release accelerator to allow • Bright (high-beam) headlightsvehicle to slow, pivot your foot to the which show objects 450 feet ahead.brake pedal and press brake pedal withsteady pressure for a smooth stop, move • Dimmed (low-beam) headlightsto within 12 inches of the curb. If stop- which show objects 150 feet ahead.ping at a stop sign or traffic signal light,stop behind the stop line or crosswalk as • Two red taillights mounted on theappropriate. rear, visible from 1,000 feet. • A white light that makes the license plate visible from 50 feet (The plate must be kept clean). • Two red stoplights. They must be seen from 300 feet in the daytime, 94

and must come on when the foot Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014 brake is pressed. Smooth tires on wet roads contribute toAll vehicles, including animal-drawn ve- thousands of serious crashes.hicles, must have at least one white light Mirrors: Your vehicle must have at leastvisible from a distance of not less than one rearview mirror which gives a view1,000 feet to the front. They must also of the highway at least 200 feet to the rear.have two red lights visible from a distanceof not less than 1,000 feet to the rear, or Keeping your Car in Good Conditionone red light visible to the rear for a dis- No matter how well you drive, you aretance of 1,000 feet and two red reflectors not safe unless your vehicle is in goodvisible from all distances from 600 feet to condition. If it is not, you could have a1,000 feet. serious crash.8.2 - Other Equipment Standards Brakes: Check to see that the pedal staysHorn: Your vehicle must have a horn well above the floor when you step on it.which can be heard from a distance of If the car pulls to one side when you use200 feet. the brakes or you hear any scraping orWindshield Wiper: Your vehicle must squealing noises, your brakes may needhave a windshield wiper in good work- to be repaired.ing order for cleaning rain, snow or other Lights: Replace burned-out bulbs andmoisture from the windshield. clean lenses often. Dirty headlights canWindshields: Must be safety glass and cut your night vision by one-half. Burnedmay not be covered or treated with any out signal lights or brake lights mean youmaterial which has the effect of making can’t tell other drivers what you are do-the windshield reflective or in any way ing. Keep your lights adjusted so that younon-transparent. It must be free of any don’t blind oncoming drivers.stickers not required by law. Windows and Windshields: Keep theSide windows: May not be composed of, glass clean, inside and out, to reducecovered by, or treated with any material glare.which has a highly reflective or mirrored Rear windows: When the rear window isappearance and reflects more than 35% composed of, covered by, or treated withof the light. any material which makes the rear win-Directional signals: You must have elec- dow non¬transparent, the vehicle musttrical turn signals if your vehicle mea- be equipped with side mirrors on bothsures more than 24 inches from the cen- sides.ter of the top of the steering post to theleft outside limit of the body, or when the Bumper Height Requirementsdistance from the steering post to the rear Owners of automobiles and pickupof the body or load is greater than 14 feet. trucks are required to have both frontTires: Your tires should have visible tread and rear bumpers mounted within cer-of at least 2/32 of an inch across the base tain height levels. Height limitations arewith no worn spots showing the ply. governed by the net shipping weight of the vehicle, not the modified or altered weight. The maximum allowable heights between the pavement and bottom of the 95

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014 marker lamps, one at/or near thefront and rear bumper, provided by sec- front and one at/or near the rear. Ontion 316.251, Florida Statutes, are: the rear, two clearance lamps, one at each side, and two reflectors, one • Cars with a net weight of less than at/or near the front and one at/or 2,500 pounds - 22 inches front and near the rear. There must also be two rear. stoplights on the rear of these vehi- cles. One stop light is permitted on • Cars 2,500 pounds or more but less vehicles built before January 1, 1972. than 3,500 pounds - 24 inches front; • Every pole trailer weighing more 26 inches rear. than 3,000 pounds: On each side, one side marker lamp and one • Cars 3,500 pounds or more - 27 clearance lamp (which may be in inches front; 29 inches rear. combination), to show to the front, side and rear, on the rear of the pole • Trucks under 2,000 pounds - 24 trailer or load, two reflectors, one at inches front; 26 inches rear. each side. • Every trailer, semi-trailer or pole • Trucks 2,000 pounds or more but trailer weighing 3,000 pounds or less than 3,000 pounds - 27 inches less: On the rear, two reflectors, one front; 29 inches rear. on each side. • Every trailer must have a stop light • Trucks 3,000 pounds or more but if the trailer covers the stop lights on not more than 5,000 pounds - 28 the towing vehicle. Every trailer or inches front; 30 inches rear. semi-trailer weighing 3,000 pounds or more must have brakes which8.3 - Equipment Not Permitted can be operated by the driver in theYou may not have on or in your vehicle: towing motor vehicle. The brakes must be designed and connected • Red or blue emergency lights. These so that they will automatically stop are for emergency and law enforce- the trailer if it breaks away from the ment vehicles only. towing vehicle. • A siren, bell or whistle. 8.5 - Limitations on Towing • A very loud muffler or one that lets The following rules apply to the drawbar or towing connection: out smoke. • Signs, posters or stickers on the • It must be strong enough to pull all towed weight. windshield or windows (except those required by law). • It must not be more than 15 feet • A television which the driver can long unless you are towing poles, see. pipes, machinery, or other objects • More than two spotlights, cowl or that cannot be easily taken apart. fender lights, fog lights (in front), or other extra lights (in front). • If a chain, rope, or cable is used as • Headsets worn by driver while the towing connection, you must operating a vehicle. have a white flag at least 12 inches square attached to it.8.4 - Additional EquipmentRequired on Certain VehiclesTrailers must have the following equip-ment: • Every trailer or semi-trailer weigh- ing more than 3,000 pounds: On the front, two clearance lamps, one at each side. On each side, two side 96

8.6 - Limitations on Loading; Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014Securing the Load NOTE: If the trailer or motor vehicle’s transporting logs, long pulpwood, poles • You may not drive or move any or posts that extend more than 4 feet loaded vehicle on the highway if the beyond the rear of the load, then you load is not secure. The load must must have one amber strobe-type lamp not be able to drop, shift, leak, or equipped, so that the lamp is visible from otherwise escape. the rear and both sides of the projecting load. The lamp must be operational and • You must use a close-fitting cover seen any time of day or night. when hauling loads which could fall or blow onto the roadway. Examples: 8.8- Anti-Locking Brake System dirt, sand, lime-rock, gravel, silica, (ABS) trash or garbage. Anti-lock brakes prevent skidding and allow drivers to steer during an emer- • Every truck carrying logs or gency braking situation. ABS can help pulpwood must use proper equip- improve vehicle stability (avoiding spin- ment, including lock chains that will outs), steering ability (directing the car securely fasten the load. where the driver wants it to go) and stop- ping capability (distance needed to stop8.7 - Projecting Load the vehicle).When a load extends to the rear 4 feet ormore beyond the bed or body of the load- Many drivers learned the correct way toed vehicle, it must be clearly marked. stop in an emergency situation where traction is lost and the vehicle slides is by8.7.1 - Nighttime pumping the brakes. While this is correctAt night, or when you cannot see clear- with conventional brakes, with ABS it isly at least 1,000 feet ahead, the following different. Drivers with ABS need to pressmarkers must be used: down hard on the brake pedal, hold it and steer out of danger. In an emergency • Two red lamps on the back of the situation, the ABS automatically pumps load which can be seen from at least the brakes at a faster rate than the driver 500 feet to the rear. could. Drivers should be aware that re- moving steady pressure from the brake • Two red reflectors on the rear which pedal or pumping the brakes will disen- can be seen at night from all dis- gage or “turn off ” the ABS. tances between 100 and 600 feet when directly in front of low- beam One of the most important benefits of headlights. These reflectors should ABS is that the driver can steer the vehicle be placed to show the full width of away from hazards while braking. Driv- the load. Two red lamps, one on each ers should not turn the steering wheel side of the load, which can be seen hard or jerk the vehicle in one direction. from at least 500 feet. These lamps Control of the vehicle can be maintained should be placed near the end of the by steering where the driver wants to go. projecting load. Drivers need to check that traffic is clear when deciding where to steer and always8.7.2 - Daytime remember to steer back into the originalIn the daytime, 4 red flags at least 12 lane as soon as the hazard is cleared.inches square must be placed on the pro-jecting load where red lamps are used atnight (extreme rear and sides). 97

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014 8.10 - Vehicle LicensingVehicles can be equipped with two dif- If you accept employment or engage in aferent types of ABS: trade, profession or occupation in Flor- ida or if you enroll your children to be • Four-wheel on passenger cars and educated in a public school in Florida, some light trucks. Always remem- the vehicle you own must have a Florida ber to brake hard and steer. It is registration certificate and license plate. important to keep firm and constant You must obtain the registration certifi- pressure on the brake pedal while cate and license plate within 10 days after stopping. beginning employment or enrollment. You also must have a Florida Certificate • Rear-wheel-only on some light of Title for your vehicle, unless an out-of- trucks. It prevents the rear wheels state financial institution holds the title from locking up so that the back and will not release it to Florida. end of the vehicle does not skid sideways. The front wheels can still 8.11 - Proving Ownership and lock up and the driver will lose Insurance Coverage steering control if this happens. To get your license plate and registration In this situation, the driver should certificate, you must prove that you own let up on the brake pedal with just your vehicle and that you have Florida enough pressure to allow the front Personal Injury Protection (PIP) insur- wheel to start rolling again to regain ance coverage for your vehicle. You must control. When the driver feels that prove ownership by showing your certifi- he has regained steering control, the cate of title. You must prove PIP coverage brake pedal should again be firmly by showing a Florida insurance identifi- engaged. cation card or other acceptable proof. The vehicle identification number (VIN) onDrivers can determine whether their any vehicle previously titled or registeredcars have ABS by looking for a lighted in another state must be verified by one ofABS symbol on the dashboard right after several designated officials before the ve-starting the engine, checking the owner’s hicle can be titled and registered in Flor-manual or asking the dealer. ida. VIN verification is not required on any new vehicles, regardless of whether8.9 - Emissions - Please Do Not purchased in Florida or out of state, mo-Tamper bile homes, trailer type recreational vehi-It is illegal to tamper with, remove, or cles (travel trailers, camp trailers, truckcause not to work any pollution control campers, and fifth wheel recreationaldevice on your vehicle. Those who do are trailers) or trailers and semi-trailers withguilty of a first or second degree misde- a weight of less than 2,000 pounds.meanor, depending on the offense. Tam-pering with emissions control devices 8.12 - Applying For Title, Licensedamages your vehicle and can cause the Plates and Registrationfollowing: Apply for title, license plates and registra- tion at any tax collector’s office in Flor- • Increased air pollution. ida. The cost of your license plate will • Lower gas mileage and less vehicle depend on the type and weight of your vehicle. Your vehicle must always have a efficiency. current license plate and you must always • More maintenance costs. • Respiratory (breathing) difficulties. DO NOT EXHAUST FLORIDA’S FUTURE! 98

have your vehicle’s registration when you Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014are driving. If you buy a vehicle from a on or before the birthday of the first own-dealer in Florida, the dealer must apply er listed on the registration form. Eachfor a certificate of title, certificate of reg- time you renew, you must prove that youistration and license plate for you. If you have the required insurance, unless onbuy a vehicle from an individual, you file and electronically updated. You maymust obtain the title from the individ- renew by mail or through the internet atual and apply for a certificate of title in www.gorenew.com. Registrations expireyour name. You may apply for certificate at midnight on the birthday of the firstof title, certificate of registration and li- owner listed on the registration form, ex-cense plate at the same time. You cannot cept for:get a license plate until you have a title toprove that you own the vehicle. All first • Mobile homes - renew yearly bytime driver license applicants who hold December 31.an out-of-state license should apply for aFlorida driver license before they register • Heavy trucks (>5000 lbs), semi-their vehicle in Florida. trucks and semi-trailers renew yearly by December 31.8.12.1 - RenewalVehicle license plates and registrations • Vehicles owned by companies andmust be renewed each year or biennially, corporations, and some commercial vehicles - renew yearly by June 30. For more information or assistance on motor vehicle title and registration, con- tact your county tax collector’s office. 99

Official Florida Driver’s Handbook • 2014Test Your Knowledge1. When the foot brake is pressed, 7. How long can the drawbar be be-which light must come on? (See sec- tween the towing vehicle and the ve-tion 8.1.4) hicle being towed? (See section 8.5)2. In addition to other equipment, is 8. Give three examples of loads thatyour vehicle required to have a white need to be covered to avoid items,light that makes the license plate vis- falling or blowing on roadway. (Seeible from 50 feet, a windshield wiper section 8.6)and a horn? (See section 8.1.4) 9. Assume that a load extends 4 or3. How many feet to the rear should more feet beyond the bed or bodyyou be able to see objects through of a vehicle driven on a highway inthe rearview mirror? (See section 8.2) the daytime. How many flags must4. If a trailer covers the stoplight of be used to mark it, and what colorthe towing vehicle, where else must a should they be? (See section 8.7)stoplight be? (See section 8.4) 10. What is the proper way to use an-5. Where should reflectors be ti-lock brakes in an emergency situ-mounted? (See Section 8.4) ation? (See section 8.8)6. When one vehicle is towing anoth- 11. What do anti-lock braking sys-er by means of a chain, what does the tems prevent when used in an emer-chain need to have displayed on it? gency stopping situation? (See sec-(See section 8.5) tion 8.8) 100