NAVY ENGLISH

NAKHIMOV NAVAL SCHOOL NAVY ENGLISH TEXTBOOK WITH GRAMMAR EXERCISES Language school SAINT PETERSBURG, 2021

Пособие представляет собой сборник текстов с заданиями по грамматике английского языка. Пособие ставит целью расширить лексический запас в рамках военно-морского компонента, а также закрепить основной грамматический материал. Пособие состоит из двух частей. Первая часть представляет собой сборник текстов, к которым даются тренировочные упражнения по грамматике. После текста выделен лексический запас для активного усвоения. Во второй части предлагаются тексты для дополнительного чтения, изучение которых способствует закреплению языкового материала первой части. Тематика текстов, диалогов и упражнений охватывает военно-морскую и страноведческую тематику. В сборнике использованы материалы учебника английского языка для военно-морских учебных заведений К.Я. Бондарчук, К.Е. Григорьевой 1973 года издания. Тексты переработаны и адаптированы, добавлены иллюстрации. Пособие может быть использовано в качестве дополнительного материала во время работы на уроке, а также для самостоятельной подготовки. Пособие предназначено для воспитанников довузовских образовательных учреждений Министерства обороны РФ, кадетских классов военно-морской специализации. Составители: преподаватель ОД \"Иностранный язык\" Гретченко О.А. воспитанник Галашкин Д.В. ФГКОУ «Нахимовское военно-морское училище МО РФ» Санкт-Петербург, 2021 © Гретченко О.А.

CONTENTS PART 1 TEXTS WITH GR AMMAR EXERCISES IN THE PORT 4 NAKHIMOV NAVAL COLLEGE 5 NAKHIMOVITE SMIRNOV 8 ABOUT NICK 12 NAVAL COLLEGE 15 DAILY ROUTINE AT THE NAVAL COLLEGE 17 THE UNIFORM 24 WE SHALL GO ON CRUISE 26 TRAINING CRUISE 28 THE FIRST RUSSIAN REGULAR FLEET 31 THE RUSSIAN CENTRAL NAVAL MUSEUM 34 MERCURY 37 IN CHEMULPO 38 SHIPS OF FOREIGN NAVIES 41 TYPES OF SHIPS 42 PARTS OF SHIPS 47 PARTS OF A SURFACE SHIP 48 CRUISER AURORA 54

PART 2 TEXTS FOR ADDITIONAL READING SEA AND WAR EPISODES 55 THE BATTLE OF CHESMA 56 TWICE HERO OF THE SOVIET UNION A. SHABALIN 57 SUBMARINER-HERO OF THE BALTIC FLEET 58 ON THE ENEMY'S SEA ROUTES 59 THE \"OCEAN\" MANOEUVRES 60 THE ACTION OF A BRITISH DESTROYER 61 THE SINKING OF THE SCHARNHORST 62 ON THE WAY TO GIBRALTAR 63 A COLLISION 64 THE BATTLE OF NARVIK 65 BATTLES BETWEEN PT BOATS AND DDS 68 THRESHER TRAGEDY 70 A VOICE FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE SEA 71 THE FATE OF THE ATALANTA 73 TORREY CANYON 76

SHIPS 78 A RESEARCH VESSEL 79 USS CONYNGHAM 80 SUBMARINE 81 FRENCH SUBMARINES 83 THE FIRST NOISELESS SUBMARINE 84 TORPEDO RETRIEVERS 85 LIGHT COASTAL CRAFT 86 THE ADMIRALTY 87 VOYAGES 88 RUSSIAN EXPEDITIONS 89 THE VITYAZ'S CRUISE 90 THE FIRST VOYAGE OF RUSSIAN SEAMEN 93 ROUND THE WORLD (1803-1806)

PART 1 TEXTS WITH GRAMMAR EXERCISES IN THE PORT There are many ships in the road. You see cruisers, destroyers and submarines there. There are some ships in the port too. You see a cruiser and some destroyers there. There are five boats at the quay and many boats at sea. But there are no tugs at the quay. Are there any ships in the port? Yes, there are some. Is there any tug there? No, there is not any. How many boats are there at the quay? There are five boats there. How many boats are there at sea? There are many. chart морская карта cruiser крейсер destroyer [dɪsˈtrɔɪə] эсминец submarine [sʌbməˈriːn] подводная лодка quay [ki:] набережная, стенка УПРАЖНЕНИЯ 1. Переведите предложения: a) There are many submarines in the port. There is a pen on the desk. There is no boat in the road. There are no cruisers in the port. b) What is there on the wall? How many ports are there in the North? Is there a chart on the wall? Are there any destroyers at the quay? 1. В классе есть книжные шкафы? Что в шкафах? 2. В шкафах много книг и карт. 3. Возьмите карты и положите их на столы. 4. В порту много кораблей. На рейде много лодок. 5. На столе много морских карт. В шкафу много книг. 4

NAKHIMOV NAVAL COLLEGE This is a Nakhimov Naval College where we live and study. There are many classrooms, laboratories and sports grounds in our college. We go to the classrooms or laboratories and have our classes there. Our classroom is a large room in which there are three windows and one door. There are ten tables and twenty chairs there. On one of the walls there is a blackboard and a chart of the Baltic Sea. In the corner of the classroom there is a bookcase full of different books, textbooks, magazines and newspapers. We study different subjects at the Naval College. English is one of them. Our English teacher is Lydmila Maksimovna Rybakova. She has many English and German books. -Tell me your name, please. -My name is Somov. -Comrade Somov, is there a lecture-hall in your Naval College? -Yes, there is. -How many tables are there in it? -There are twenty-eight. -And chairs? -Oh, there are very many. -What is there on your tables? -There are textbooks, copy-books, pens and magazines there. -Who has an English textbook? -I have. -Thank you. live [liv] жить full (of) полный different различный comrade товарищ 5

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ 1. Прочитайте числительные: а) 28, 49, 135, 1678, 3, 13, 30, 33, 104, 12, 20, 139; б) даты: 1945, 1878, 1704, 1066, 1970. 2. Прочитайте и переведите, обращая внимание на перевод выделенных местоимений: 1. Have you got a sister? Yes, I have. Tell me her name, please. 2. I see him at the lessons and lectures. 3. This is a new text. Read it! These are new texts. Read them. 4. Tell us about your Naval College. 5. There are six dictionaries on my table. Take them. 6. There is a newspaper on your table. Take it and read that text in it. 3. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разницу в их переводе: 1. My friend has some English newspapers in his table. There are some English newspapers in his table. 2. They have a chart of the White Sea on the wall of their classroom. There is a chart of the White Sea on the wall of their classroom. 3. He has not any pencils in his bag. There are not any pencils in his bag. 4. Have you any dictionaries in your bookcase? Are there any dictionaries in your bookcase? 6

4. Поставьте в вопросительной и отрицательной форме: 1. There are many nakhimovites in the club. 2. There is a chart in your classroom. 3. There are gym-halls in the Naval College. 4. Many naval cadets have English-Russian dictionaries. 5. His friend has an English magazine. 5. Задайте вопросы по образцу: Образец: There are three windows in that classroom. What? What is there in that classroom? How many? How many windows are there in that classroom? Where are there three windows? Where? 1. There are some maps and charts on the walls. What? How many? Where? 2. They have twelve textbooks in their bookcase. Who? What? How many? Where? 3. There is a good gym-hall in that college. What? What gym-hall? In what college? 6. Переведите предложения: 1. Есть ли спортзал в училище? 2. Сколько нахимовцев в классе? 3. На стене есть карта Черного моря. 4. На столе нет газет и журналов. 5. На столе нет никаких газет и журналов. 6 Сколько дверей и окон в вашем классе? 7. Есть ли там стенды? 7

7. Ответьте на вопросы: 1. Is there a gym-hall in your college? 2. How many windows are there in it? 3. Are there any portraits on the walls of your classroom? 4. What is there on the walls? 5. How many textbooks (pencils, copy-books ....) have you on your table? NAKHIMOVITE SMIRNOV Peter Smirnov is a nakhimovite. He lives in Sevastopol and studies at the Nakhimov Naval College there. He studies different subjects. He likes mathematics, navigation and English. Peter does not know English well. He wants to master English. He understands that English is very important for seamen. He studies hard and works a lot. Peter's father is a naval officer. He does not live in Sevastopol. He serves in the North. He is the captain of a large cruiser. Peter's mother is a doctor. She works at a naval hospital. She works much. Peter has a sister. She goes to school. She studies English there. She knows English well. She has many English books. She reads them in the evening. -Who lives in Sevastopol? -P. Smirnov does. -Where does your brother live? -He lives in Vladivostok. -Does he serve there? -Yes, he does. -What's he? -He is a navigator. He serves on board a submarine. -Does he often write to you? -No, he doesn't. 8

navigation навигация know знать want хотеть master овладевать important важный work работать father отец naval officer офицер флота serve служить captain командир корабля, капитан navigator штурман on board на борту УПРАЖНЕНИЯ 1. Прочитайте и переведите: a) reads, stops, looks, comes, puts, lives, studies, does, writes, translates, teaches, speaks, wants, understands, sits, stands, sees, goes; b) the teacher's question, the teachers' questions, my friend's dictionary, naval cadets’ newspaper, his father's pen, my brother's textbooks, those comrades' names. 2. Переведите по образцу: Образец: Он учится Он не учится Учится ли он? He studiesHe does not study Does he study? Он нахимовец. Он служит. Он понимает. Она знает. Он живет. Она читает. Она повторяет. Она пишет. Она учится. 9

3. Поставьте подлежащее в 3-м лице единственного числа и измените соответствующим образом сказуемое: Образец: They often write to me. - He (she) often writes to me. 1. Our teachers correct our mistakes. 2. The bookcases stand in the corner of our classroom. 3. The naval cadets stand when they answer. 4. We take books and magazines in the reading hall. 5. They do not come to us every day. 6. We do not understand that word. 7. Where do the naval cadets sit at their lessons? 8. What books do you translate? 4. Поставьте в отрицательной форме: 1. He serves on board a cruiser. 2. She goes to school. 3. My father and mother live with us. 4. The teacher asks us every lesson. 5. I see every word on the blackboard. 5. Поставьте в вопросительной форме: 1. We repeat every sentence several times. 2. He speaks with the teacher. 3. His friend is a navigator. He serves in the North. 4. She likes mathematics and English. 5. We make many mistakes. 6. Задайте вопросы к предложениям: 1. The bookcase stands in that corner. What? Where? In what corner? 2. My brother serves on board a submarine. Who? Whose brother? On board what ship? 3. They repeat every word two times. Who? What? How many times? 4. There are three English newspapers in that bag. What? How many? Where? What newspapers? 7. Переведите предложения: а) Он живет и учится в Севастополе, а его брат служит на эсминце. 10

Он хорошо знает английский и помогает своему брату. Преподаватель спрашивает каждого курсанта. Преподаватель говорит по-английски. б) Мой друг не знает этого офицера, они не служат вместе: друг служит на севере, а тот офицер не служит там. Наш преподаватель не дает нам много новых слов. Он не спрашивает всех на каждом уроке. в) Ваш отец знает английский? Читает ли он английские газеты? Где он их берет? Где живет ваш брат? Он служит на подводной лодке? Когда он приезжает к вам? 8. Ответьте на вопросы: 1. Have you got any friends in your class? 2. Who is your best friend? 3. Where does he live? 4. Does he study well? 5. Do you sit at the same table? 6. Does he see you every day? 7. Where do you go with him? 8. What subjects does he like? 9. Do you like mathematics? 10. When do you study English? 9. Прочитайте и переведите со словарем: Every lesson our teacher gives us some new words. She writes them on the blackboard, and we put them down in our copy-books and learn them. The teacher repeats every word several times and we repeat it after her. Then the teacher asks us to read and translate some sentences. We do what she says. When we make mistakes, the teacher corrects our mistakes. Usually we sit at our tables, but we stand when she asks us. The teacher does not sit, as a rule. She stands at the blackboard or at her table. Sometimes she walks about the classroom and looks into our copy-books. 11

10. Прочитайте и определите значение незнакомых вам слов по сходству с соответствующими русскими словами: a) officer, admiral, vice-admiral, doctor, hospital, record; b) music, musical, musician, repetition, repeater, astronomy, artillery, geometry, literature, nature, natural, school, service, fatal, mathematician. ABOUT NICK We are six in the family. My grandfather, a man of sixty-three, is an admiral, a lecturer of a Naval College. My grandmother is sixty. She is a teacher but she does not teach now, she is at home. My father is a seaman. He is a graduate of our Naval College. He is the captain of a cruiser. He serves in the North. My mother is a doctor. She works at a naval hospital. I have a sister, a schoolgirl of ten. My name is Nick. I want to be a naval officer like my father and my grandfather. I want to become a submariner and want to serve on board a submarine. I am a naval cadet of a Naval College now. There are many cadets in our class who are from different places. We do not know much about everybody yet. Here is my friend, George Smirnov. I like him very much and want to know about him and his parents. graduate выпускник shipbuilder судостроитель shipyard судостроительная верфь engineer инженер УПРАЖНЕНИЯ 1. Образуйте существительные от следующих глаголов при помощи суффикса -еr и переведите их: to write (писать) to read (читать) to speak (разговаривать) to teach (учить) to play (играть) to build (строить) 12

2. Прочитайте и переведите, обращая внимание на употребление much, many, few, little, a lot of, a few, a little: 1. Our naval cadets have little time for English. 2. How much time have you? I have a lot of time today. 3. There are many ships in the port, but there are few tugs there. 4. We read much, but we write little. 5. Naval cadets put a lot of questions every lesson. 3. Выберите существительные, которые употребляются с местоимением much: air (воздух) crane (кран) hour (час) day (день) question (вопрос) force (сила) ice (лед) oil (нефть) work (работа) snow (снег) iceberg (айсберг) water (вода) play (игра) time (время) minute (минута) 4. Замените местоимения much и many сочетанием а lot of и переведите предложения на русский язык: 1. My sister has much time for English. 2. She has many English books. 3. Naval cadets study many different subjects at their Naval College. 4. There is much ice in the White Sea. 5. My friend knows many new English words. 5. Поставьте в отрицательной и вопросительной форме: 1. Her mother is a teacher of history. 2. My friends are from Moscow. 3. There is a shipyard in S. 4. You have much time for English. 5. We know this subject well. 6. My grandfather likes that city. 13

6. Задайте вопросы к предложениям: 1. My brother works at Saint Petersburg shipyard. Who? Whose brother? Where? 2. These naval cadets want to be submariners. Who? What cadets? 3. My friends are from different cities. Whose friends? From where? 4. She has many friends at the University. Who? Where? 5. There are 5 admirals at our Naval College. How many? At what college? 7. Ответьте на вопросы: 1. Have you a father (brother)? -What is he? How old is he? 2. Where does he work (serve, study)? 3. Where do your parents live? How often do you write to them? 4. What do you write them about? 5. How often do you see them? 6. When do you go to see them? 7. When are you free? 8. What do you do when you are free? 14

NAVAL COLLEGE The college where naval cadets live and study is a large building. On every floor there are classrooms, lecture-halls and laboratories where naval cadets have lectures and practical classes. Naval cadets have their meals in the mess hall, a large hall with a lot of tables and chairs. They have their meals (breakfasts, dinners and suppers) there. There is a good library in the naval college. Naval cadets may take different books and text-books in it. In the library reading room they may look through newspapers and magazines and read new books. There are several gym-halls in the college. Naval cadets train there after their lessons. They must be good sportsmen. On the first floor of the building there is a swimming-pool (-bath) in which naval cadets train in swimming. Most of them can swim well. Lessons begin at 9 a. m. Every lesson begins with a report of the naval cadet-on-duty or the class-leader who gives the commands to the cadets. The report: \"Comrade teacher, naval cadets of class number 12 are ready and correct. On list-12, present-10, absent-2. Naval cadet Smirnov reporting.\" The words of command: Shun! Dismiss! Seats! Easy! Stand up! Have a break! report рапорт 15 naval cadet-on-duty дежурный курсант class-leader старшина класса command команда give the command подавать команду ready and correct к занятиям готов (в рапорте)

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ 1. Прочитайте и переведите: 1. Who is your class-leader? Comrade Petrov is. 2. My friend is absent today. He is ill. 3. Are all present at the lecture? No, some naval cadets are absent. 4. Is your class ready and correct? Yes, it is. 5. The break is over; let's begin the lesson! 2. Поставьте вопросы к предложениям: 1. Naval cadets may take different books in their library. Who? What? What books? Where? 2. He must know all the words from text No. 10. Who? What? What words? 3. Naval cadet F. trains in the swimming-pool every day. Who? Where? When? 3. Закончите предложения, заполнив пропуски требуемыми по смыслу словами: 1. Naval cadets have their meals in the . . . . 2. Swimmers train in their . . . . 3. Some naval cadets like to read newspapers in the . . . . 4. My friend takes all the books in the . . . . 5. Our best sportsmen train in the ..... 4. Дайте все возможные варианты ответов на вопросы: 1. May comrade V. come in? 2. May I take your book? 3. May I ask you a question. 4. What must you do when you are the man-on- duty? 5. Who must report today? 6. Where mustn't naval cadets smoke? 7. Who can help me to translate this text? 8. Who can speak German in your class? 16

5. Переведите предложения: А. Кто старшина класса? -Курсант Васин. Где курсант Петров? -Он на службе. Б. 1. Разрешите войти? Да, войдите. 2. Где мы можем взять словари? В библиотеке. 3. Кто должен докладывать? Дежурный. 4. Кто умеет говорить по-немецки? Курсант Н. 5. Вы не должны разговаривать в читальном зале. 6. Они не умеют пользоваться словарем. В. 1. Он умеет хорошо плавать. Он хорошо плавает. 2. Они не должны знать об этом. Они не знают об этом. 3. Кто должен дежурить сегодня? Кто дежурит сегодня? Г. 1. Закройте дверь книжного шкафа. 2. Не разговаривайте на лекциях! 3. Давайте прочитаем и запишем новые слова. 4. Пусть курсант Ф. повторит свой вопрос. 5. разрешите мне ответить на ваш вопрос. DAILY ROUTINE AT THE NAVAL COLLEGE The working day (busy day) at the naval college begins very early with the reveille. Naval cadets get up quickly, dress, carry out their physical exercises and then they wash, clean their teeth and shave. Every morning naval cadets have their muster when company commanders inspect their companies. After the inspection naval cadets fall in and march to the mess-hall to have breakfast. It fasts 15 or 20 minutes. When their breakfast is over, naval cadets must fall in again and march to their classrooms or lecture halls. At 9 a. m. the lessons begin. 17

Naval cadets usually have six lessons a day. Every lesson lasts 45 minutes with a 5 or 10 minute break. They study different subjects at the naval college: navigation, astronomy, seamanship, foreign languages and others. Some naval cadets study English, others study German. At the English lessons they read English texts, write exercises on the blackboard and in their copy-books. They also answer the teacher's questions and speak English with the teacher. They cannot speak English well yet, but they understand that they must work hard to know it well. In the afternoon naval cadets have their dinner. (to be continued) -At what time must you get up on week-days? -I must get up at seven a. m. -And when do you usually get up on Sundays? -At eight. -Do you have cleaning every morning? -Yes, we do, and not only in the morning but also in the afternoon when the lessons are over. -How many lessons do you have every day? -We have six. - And when does the first lesson begin? -The first lesson begins at nine a. m. -How long does every lesson last? -It lasts fourty-five minutes. -Is there a break after every lesson? -Yes, there is. It lasts 5 or 10 minutes. СПИСОК СЛОВ daily routine [ru:'ti:n]распорядок дня reveille [rt'vælı] подъем muster поверка company commanderкомандир роты inspection осмотр fall in строиться march идти строем 18

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ 1. Переведите слова и словосочетания: a) рабочий день, утренняя поверка, осмотр, командир роты, перерыв, распорядок дня, подъем; б) вставать, умываться, чистить зубы, бриться, делать физзарядку, одеваться, осматривать, строиться, идти строем, начинаться, продолжаться (длиться); в) рaнo, обычно, быстро, хорошо, упорно (настойчиво). 2. Замените подлежащее предложений словами, стоящими в скобках, и измените соответствующим образом форму сказуемого: Образец: Naval cadets get up quickly. (He). He gets up quickly. 1. Naval cadets clean their teeth and shave every morning. (My friend). 2. Company commanders inspect their companies every morning (Company commander). 3. The lessons begin at 9 a. m. (The first lesson). 4. The lessons last 45 minutes (Every lesson). 5. Naval cadets must fall in and march to their classrooms (Every naval cadet). 19

3. Поставьте в отрицательной форме: 1. Naval cadets have morning muster at 7 a. m. 2. They get up at 8 a.m. 3. The first lesson begins at 10 a. m. 4. My friend shaves every morning. 4. Поставьте в вопросительной форме: 1. Every naval cadet must dress very quickly. 2. They have their morning muster before the lessons. 3. Every company commander inspects his company daily. 4. Naval cadets fall in and march to their mess-hall. 5. Задайте вопросы по образцам: Образцы: When do naval cadets get up? When do you get up? When does your friend get up? 1. Когда курсанты завтракают? Когда вы завтракаете? Когда завтракает ваш друг? 2. Когда курсанты бреются? Когда вы бреетесь? Когда бреется ваш друг? 3. Где курсанты делают физзарядку? Где вы делаете физзарядку? Где делает физзарядку курсант С.? 4. Где курсанты занимаются? Где вы занимаетесь? Где занимается ваш брат? 6. Ответьте на вопросы: 1. When does your working day begin? 2. Do you dress quickly? 3 When do you carry out your physical exercises? 4. Do you shave every morning? 5. When do you have your muster? 6. Who inspects companies? 7. Who is your company commander? 20

8. Where do you have your breakfast? 9. How many lessons do you have every day? 10. What subjects do you study? 11. How many minutes does every lesson last? 7. Переведите предложения: 1. Каждое утро курсанты должны быстро встать, сделать зарядку, умыться, одеться и побриться. Перед занятиями у курсантов бывает поверка. Командиры рот осматривают свои роты. Каждый командир роты должен хорошо знать своих курсантов. Курсанты знают свой распорядок дня. 2. Курсанты не должны опаздывать на уроки. Они не должны нарушать распорядок дня. Перерывы длятся не более 10 минут. 3. Когда бывает подъем в вашем училище? Когда начинается ваш рабочий день? Когда вы встаете? Делаете ли вы физзарядку ежедневно? Кто должен осматривать вашу роту? Сколько уроков у вас каждый день? Где вы завтракаете? Где занимаетесь? Какие предметы изучает каждый курсант? Какой язык изучаете вы? 21

DAILY ROUTINE AT THE NAVAL COLLEGE (continued) When the lessons are over naval cadets have time to spare. They may rest, go to the library to take some interesting books or they may go to the reading hall to look through new magazines and newspapers. They may also attend different circles: circles of foreign languages, circles on their special and political subjects and so on. Sportsmen go to the gym-hall or to the swimming pool. After supper naval cadets have evening classes when they prepare their home tasks. They are busy till tea time. They take tea in the mess-hall and then go for an evening walk. At II p. m. their busy day is over and they go to bed. After taps the lights in the dormitories are out, everybody must be asleep. On some week-days naval cadets have meetings, conferences and military drills. On holidays they have film shows and evening parties in their club. They may also go to town when they have leaves of absence. -When do you rest? -When I have time to spare. -Do you attend any circles? -Yes, I do. I attend an English circle. I want to master English. -When do you have your leave of absence? -On Saturdays and Sundays. -Where do you go then? -To the cinema or to the theatre. Sometimes I stay in college for dancing parties at our college club. СПИСОК СЛОВ time to spare личное время after taps после отбоя lights out отбой military drill строевые занятия leave of absence увольнение dormitory спальня, кубрик 22

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ 1. Переведите слова и словосочетания: а) личное время, кружки иностранных языков, самоподготовка, домашнее задание, вечерняя прогулка, спальное помещение, праздники, увольнение, приборка; 6) посещать кружки, готовить домашнее задание, быть занятым, идти на прогулку, ложиться спать, спать, идти в увольнение, идти в кино, отдыхать; в) в 11 вечера, будние дни, после отбоя, в воскресенье. 2. Замените подлежащие предложений словами, стоящими в скобках, и измените соответствующим образом форму сказуемого: 1. All the naval cadets have time to spare after the lessons. (Every naval cadet). 2. The best naval cadets attend clubs of foreign languages. (Andrey.). 3. At what time do naval cadets get up on week-days? (Every naval cadet). 4. When may they rest? (He). 5. Most of our naval cadets have leaves of absence today. (My friend). 3. Переведите предложения: 1. Где вы учитесь? - Мы учимся в военно-морском училище. 2. Когда начинается ваш рабочий день? - Наш рабочий день начинается рано утром. 3. В котором часу вы должны вставать? - В 7 утра. 4. Что вы делаете по утрам? Каждое утро все курсанты быстро встают, делают физзарядку, умываются, одеваются и бреются. 5. Когда вы завтракаете? - Мы завтракаем в 8 часов. 6. Когда начинаются занятия? - В 9 часов. 7. Сколько у вас уроков? - у нас по 6 уроков каждый день. 8. Когда у вас самоподготовка? - Вечером (после ужина). 23

THE UNIFORM Seamen of the Russian Navy wear a standard uniform: uniforms number one and two (dress white), three, four, five and six; full dress uniform, service uniform, and working rig. Naval cadets wear striped jersey, blue jacket over which there must be a blue collar with white stripes, black trousers and black shoes. When they go out they wear a greatcoat, a fur cap and gloves in winter, and in autumn and spring they put on monkey jackets and caps with ribbons. Naval cadets have the name of the college in which they study, sailors have the name of the ship in which they serve the ribbons of the caps. Every naval cadet should look neat and his uniform must always be in good order. He should brush and press his uniform, polish his boots or shoes as often as possible. He should not forget to polish his buckle on his belt and the buttons. Sleeve stripes and shoulder marks should be in the right places. Naval cadets have anchors on their shoulder marks, and sailors have the first letters of the Fleets with which they serve. uniform форма одежды full dress uniform парадная форма service uniform повседневная форма working rig рабочее обмундирование striped jersey тельняшка blue jacket фланелевая рубаха collar воротник cap фуражка ribbon ленточка buckle бляха belt ремень sleeve stripe нарукавный знак shoulder marks погоны anchor якорь the rig of the day форма одежды 24

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ 1. Прочитайте и переведите: 1. Your boots are dirty, go and polish them! 2. Press your trousers! 3. Every naval cadet should always look neat. 4. This greatcoat is too small for me. 5. Naval cadets put on their working rig before they do the cleaning. 6. The monkey jacket, trousers, greatcoat, cap, shoes, boots and gloves are black; the collar is blue with white stripes; the jersey is white with blue stripes, the jacket is blue, the belt is brown. 2. Переведите слова и словосочетания: бляха на ремне, пуговицы на бушлате, ленточка на бескозырке, нашивка на рукаве, якорь на погонах; чистить, гладить, содержать в порядке, носить, надевать. 3. Переведите предложения: 1. Наденьте шинель (бушлат, фланелевую рубаху, тельник, перчатки, новые ботинки). 2. Снимите фуражку (ремень, воротник, бескозырку, шапку, сапоги). 3. Мы носим повседневную форму одежды (парадную форму, летнюю форму, рабочее обмундирование). 4. Отгладьте брюки! 5. Начистите бляху и пуговицы! 6. Почистите щеткой фланелевую рубаху и бушлат! 4. Прочитайте и переведите вопросы и ответьте на них: 1. What does your uniform consist of? 2. What do you wear in winter (in summer)? 3. What do you put on when you work? 4. What is there on your shoulder marks? 5. What is there on the sailors' shoulder marks? 6. On what sleeve, right or left, must you wear your sleeve stripes? 7. What do your sleeve stripes show? 25

WE SHALL GO ON CRUISE In some months naval cadets will have a training cruise. They will go on cruise on board warships or a training ship. They will visit naval bases but they will not call at small ports. The cruise will last about a month. During their cruise they'll get instruction in seamanship. navigation and astronomy. Naval cadets will be very busy all the time: they will keep watch, carry out duties of sailors in a ship and plot the ship's course. I shall go on cruise on board a cruiser. I know that the cruiser will call at port L. and will cast anchor in the road. We shall stay in L. for three days. We shall see and learn many interesting things. My comrades and I will go ashore and do a lot of sight- seeing. Next month we'll return to the naval college and will go on leave. Most of the naval cadets will go home on their leave. 26

-When will you go on cruise? -In June. -What naval bases and ports will you visit? -Our training ship will visit most of the ports on Black Sea coast. And you? -We'll go on cruise to the Baltic Sea. -Will you stay in Baltiysk? -No, our port of call is S. We shall stay there for about two weeks, and do a lot of sight-seeing. 27

TRAINING CRUISE When the winter classes are over, naval cadets will go on their training cruise on board a warship. They will embark at a naval base in K., the ship will weigh anchor and proceed to sea. During their summer cruise naval cadets will have to carry out normal duties of sailors in a ship, and keep watch. They will train much in plotting the ship's course. Besides that naval cadets will also get instruction in different subjects such as navigation, astronomy, seamanship, boat work, signalling and gunnery. Physical training will also play an important role in naval cadets life on board ship. The ship will call at some ports during their cruise. If their ship calls at naval base L., she will cast anchor either in the harbour or in the road. Some cadets will be allowed to go ashore to go sight-seeing. When the ship lies at anchor in V. the best sportsmen among naval cadets will be able to take part in swimming competitions and in sailing regatta. From V. their ship will head for port L. Their stay in L. will not be long, Naval cadets will not go ashore there-their ship will cast anchor in the outer road. So they won't be able to see the city. The training cruise will last more than a month. After it is over the ship will return to their home base. Naval cadets will disembark. After their cruise they will be allowed to go on leave; during their leave they will often recall the days of their summer cruise with pleasure. Запомните следующие слова и словосочетания: training cruise, tomorrow, next week (month, summer), in some months to go on cruise, to visit, to call at a port, to be busy, to plot the ship's course, to keep watch, to cast (weigh) anchor, to stay for days, to go ashore, to go sight-seeing, to return, to go on leave, to go home, to be at home, to be in (out, away, back), to wait for don't mind, not at all, gunnery, signalling, pleasure, to embark, to disembark, to carry out duties of sailors, to proceed to sea, to head for 28

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ 1. Переведите предложения: 1. Мы пойдем в плавание через 2 месяца. 2. Они будут в море в течение двух месяцев. 3. Наше плавание закончится в сентябре. 4. Курсанты не будут нести вахту каждый день. 5. Кто будет заниматься прокладкой? 6. Их корабль не зайдет в Н. 2. Прочитайте, переведите и ответьте на следующие пары вопросов: 1. When do you usually go on cruise? When will you go on cruise this year? 2. On board what ship do naval cadets go on cruise? On board what ship will they go on cruise in August? 3. What do they usually do during their training cruise? What will they do during their cruise in August? 4. Do they visit any foreign ports? Will they visit any foreign port this summer? 5. How long does their training ship stay in every port? How long will she stay in Tallin in August? 6. Where do naval cadets go after the cruise? Where will they go after the cruise in September? 3. Переведите вопросы: 1. Сходят ли курсанты на берег в больших портах? Сойдут ли они в C. во время следующего плавания? 2. Где корабль обычно бросает якорь? Где он станет на якорь? 3. Когда их учебный корабль заходит в порт? Когда он зайдет в Р.? 29

4. Переведите предложения: American destroyer V. will go on a two-month cruise with stops in Helsinki (Finland), Stockholm (Sweden), Kiel (GFR), Copenhagen (Denmark), Oslo (Norway) and Portsmouth (England). The destroyer will start from N. in the middle of July. Her first port of call will be Rotterdam. She will cast anchor at P. and will stay there for 2 days. 1. Если я буду свободен, я пойду в клуб. 2. Мы не зайдем в этот порт, если погода будет хорошая. 3. Мы должны будем зайти в этот порт, если погода будет плохая. 4. У нас будет возможность поговорить по-английски в Лондоне, если наш корабль пробудет там несколько дней. 5. Поставьте в Future Indefinite: 1. Their ship calls at many ports. 2. He may go ashore after his watch. 3. All naval cadets must carry out duties of sailors in a ship. 4. They are busy from 6 till 10 p.m. 6. Переведите со словарем: ON BOARD THE ONTARIO Twenty four sea cadets from Western Canada will embark on board HMCS Ontario for the cruise to New Zealand and Australia. The cadets will stay in various parts of the ship and will spend the working day doing such tasks as scrubbing, mopping, painting, etc. This will be the routine for several weeks. Be sides, they will act as look-outs daily from sunset to 22.00. They will be able to pick up a lot of information from duty seamen and officers of the watch. Many cadets will keep several-hour watches at the wheel and the engine-room. Small groups of cadets will make tours of the ship. Including radio, radar, operations rooms, the engine-room, wheelhouse and shell-rooms. Cadets will have to take part in all seamanship manoeuvres, such as hoisting and lowering sea boats and fuelling. On board the Ontario cadets will be members of the crew. 30

THE FIRST RUSSIAN REGULAR FLEET In the 18th century Peter the First founded a new town on the banks of the river Neva. He called it St. Petersburg and decided to make it his capital. At that time the Swedish fleet controlled the approaches to St. Petersburg. It was necessary to have a strong fleet to oppose the Swedish naval forces in the Baltic Sea and to protect the new capital. The Baltic Fleet successfully engaged the enemy at sea. There were two great naval victories: off Gangoot in 1714 and off Granhamn in 1720. After the defeat the Swedish Fleet did not threaten St. Petersburg for a long time. Only during the Russo-Swedish War of 1788-1790 the Swedes tried a new plan for attacking St. Petersburg. The enemy fleet closed the Russian Fleet off the Island of Hogland in July 1788. The Swedish ships sailed in line ahead but the Russians had no time to form in battle order. They closed the enemy and directed their well-aimed gunfire on the enemy ships. The battle lasted for several hours. The Swedish flagship surrendered at last. This victory frustrated the enemy's plans. 31

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ 1. Прочитайте и переведите: It was Sunday yesterday: My father and I decided to go to the Naval Museum. We wanted to learn as much as possible about submarine K-21. Under the command of Lunin that boat torpedoed the German battleship Tirpitz in July 1942. 2. Дополните предложения по образцу: Образец: It is Wednesday today; it was Tuesday yesterday; it will Thursday be tomorrow, 1. It is Monday today, it ... yesterday, it... tomorrow. 2. It is the 25th of March today, it ... yesterday, it ... tomorrow. 3. Заполните пропуски соответствующими формами выделенных глаголов в Past Indefinite и переведите предложения: 1. The sea is calm now, but it... stormy yesterday. 2. My father's friends are in Moscow now; they... in the North some months ago. 3. I am a naval cadet now, last year I... a school boy. 4. I have many friends among naval cadets; I. as many friends at school. 5. Naval cadet V. has English lessons on Mon day (this semester), last semester he... them on Thursdays. 6. Usually we work much during English lessons; last lesson. we very much too. 7. My friend translates from Russian into English well; he... the last text best of all. 8. As a rule they copy all the words before the lesson; yesterday they only half of them. 32

4. Поставьте глаголы в Past Simple; наречие today замените наречием yesterday: In the morning we dress quickly, carry out our physical exercises and then wash, clean our teeth and shave. Every morning we have muster when our company commander inspects the company. After inspection we have breakfast. It lasts 20 minutes. When the breakfast is over we march to our classroom. It is Tuesday today and we have our English lesson. The teacher asks us questions and we answer them. We repeat grammar rules and translate sentences from English into Russian. We also copy some texts. Between the lessons we have breaks. We rest and smoke during the break. 5. Переведите предложения: 1. Петр I создал сильный флот. 2. Он хотел защитить новую столицу. 3. Вражеские корабли шли кильватерным строем. 4. Бой закончился победой русских военно-морских сил. 5. 3 корабля противника сдались 6. Это было их первым поражением. In the second half of the 18th century Russia already had two fleets- the Baltic Fleet and the Black Sea Fleet. For its base the Black Sea Fleet had Sevastopol which was situated on the south western shore of the Crimea. Thanks to the activities of the famous Russian Admiral Ushakov the Black Sea Fleet was the best fleet in Russia. It participated in many naval battles in the second half of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century and was always victorious. The first ship which received the ensign of St. George for her heroism and bravery was the Azov, the ship of the Black Sea Fleet. Captain Lazarev, afterwards a famous admiral, commanded the Azov. The ship participated in the battle of Navarino on October 8, 1827, when the Allied Forces of the Russian, English and French squadrons attacked the Turkish Fleet. The Russian squadron played the decisive role in the defeat the enemy. The Turks concentrated their fire against the Azov: 5 enemy ships attacked the Azov at once. She closed with the enemy ships and engaged them with her well-aimed gunfire. 33

THE RUSSIAN CENTRAL NAVAL MUSEUM The Russian Central Naval Museum in St. Petersburg is among the oldest and largest naval museums in the world. It began to function in 1710. But originally it showed only models and pictures of warships and only later it got naval trophies and equipment. During the nineteenth century the museum won a gold medal for one of its exhibits in London. In 1917 the Russian Government made a decision to remove the naval collection from the museum of the Russian Naval Academy and Naval Guards into the Central Naval Museum which occupied the old Admiralty building. In 1939 the building of the former Exchange housed all the collections. During the siege of St. Petersburg the museum personnel did very much to prevent any possible loss or damage of the most precious things. They had to evacuate them. They fought a very hard struggle and won it successfully. 34

Thousands of visitors attended the museum after the war. They learnt the history of the Russian Navy, saw the relics of the old navy: battle flags, cannons, pictures and uniforms. They found things belonging to the founder of the Russian Navy, Peter the First. In another hall visitors got acquainted with the history of the revolutionary Red Navy through world-famous cruiser Aurora which took part in the Great October Socialist Revolution, of battleship Zarya Svobody, destroyer Sam son, etc. One could also see there a model of the destroyer Gavriil which had to fight against a superior British naval force in the Baltic Sea during May 1919; parts of the famous submarine Pantera which sank the British destroyer Vittoria and a lot of other things, old and modern. They deal with various periods of the navy's development. The museum collections are very interesting and are the result of many years of continual work. УПРАЖНЕНИЯ 1. Пoстaвьте в Past Indefinite: to decide, to wash, to dress, to shave, to want, to walk, to pass, to turn, to wait, to see, to get up, to leave, to come, to bring, to take part, to make, to read, to spend. 2. Задайте вопросы по образцу: Образец: Last Sunday four naval cadets went to the Naval Museum. When? When did naval cadets go to the museum? Who? Who went to the museum last Sunday? Where? Where did four naval cadets go last Sunday? 1. In the halls they saw many portraits of famous people. Where? What? What portraits? 2. They spent three hours in the museum. Who? How many? Where? 3. Their teacher gave them some books about the Azov. Who? What? What books? 35

3. Прочитайте и переведите вопросы и ответьте на них (по тексту): 1. What did you decide to do last Sunday? 2. When did you get up? 3. When did you leave the college? 4. Did you take the bus? 5. What buildings did you pass? 6. How long did you have to wait? 7. What did you see in the Naval Museum? 8. How much time did you spend at the museum? 4. Выучите наизусть: -Did you speak with N. yesterday? -No, I didn't -Why not? -I did not see him. They say, he went to Moscow for days. -Where did you serve after the graduation from the college? -I served in the North. 36

MERCURY The Mercury was a small Russian brig which gallantly fought against two Turkish ships on the 14th of May, 1829. It was during the Russo-Turkish War. Three Russian ships. the Mercury among them, sailed off the coast of Anatolia. They sighted the Turkish squadron which sailed in line ahead at a distance of some miles. The Russian ships got the signal to turn to the base as the commander made a decision not to engage the Turkish forces. Two of the fastest Turkish ships, one of which was the flag ship. intercepted the brig Mercury. They engaged her with their powerful guns. Then they ordered the brig to surrender. The crew of the Russian ship answered with well-aimed gun fire. Lieutenant- Commander Kazarsky, the brig's captain, got a bad wound, yet he remained on deck. He manoeuvred the ship so well that after a four hours' battle the Turks ceased fire. The Turks could not defeat the heroic ship. They understood it, but could do nothing. So the Turks had to leave the battlefield and the Russian brig safely returned to her base. In Sevastopol there is a monument in memory of the Mercury's brave captain, Lieutenant-Commander Kazarsky. Brig Mercury 37

IN CHEMULPO During the Russo-Japanese War Russian sailors fought with their usual daring and courage. The Japanese attacked Port Arthur and at the same time appeared on the approaches to the Korean port of Chemulpo where there were two Russian warships the cruiser Varyag and the gunboat Koreyets. It was on the 27th of January 1904. The captain of the Varyag, Rudnev, informed the crew about the outbreak of the war between Russia and Japan. He explained to his men that they had to break through the superior enemy forces in order to get to Port Arthur. All the sailors and officers made a decision to fight to the last man and never surrender their ship to the enemy. Then the Varyag with Koreyets in her wake sailed into the open sea where they sighted fourteen Japanese ships: one battle ship, cruisers and torpedo boats. So they had to fight against superior enemy forces. During the battle the Varyag sank one Japanese torpedo boat and badly damaged two Japanese cruisers. The action lasted for 25 minutes. The Varyag got five underwater holes. Nearly all her guns were out of action. The Russians had heavy losses. Both ships could not break through the enemy forces and had to return to Chemulpo. The heroic seamen did not surrender their ships to the enemy. They scuttled the Varyag and blew up the Koreyets in the roadstead of Chemulpo. 38

Запомните следующие слова и словосочетания: crew, fire (gunfire), wound, distance, explorer, useful to fight (against), to sight, to turn, to engage, to intercept, to open (cease) fire on deck, the head of the expedition, I don't remember, I advise you, to attack, to approach, to inform, to damage, to scuttle, to break out, to break through, to blow up, to have losses, to get holes, to be out of action. УПРАЖНЕНИЯ 1. Выпишите из текста урока в две колонки все неправильные и все правильные глаголы и дайте их инфинитив с переводом: Образец: was-to be (быть) sailed - to sail (плыть) 2. Образуйте глаголы от следующих существительных путем конверсии и переведите их: Образец: fight (борьба) - to fight (бороться) turn (поворот) force (сила) round (круг) defeat (поражение) order (приказ) answer (ответ) surrender (капитуляция, сдача) attack (атака, нападение) fire (огонь) wound (рана) in Chemulpo 39

3. Определите, какой частью речи являются выделенные слова: 1. Many ships sail off the coast of the Black Sea. 2. We sighted the sail on the horizon. 3. Nobody knew the correct answers to the questions. 4. When a naval cadet answers he must stand. 5. The defeat of the enemy squadron was a sensation. 6. The enemy could not defeat the heroic Russian ship. 4. Переведите предложения: A 1. Бриг “Меркурий” сражался против вражеских кораблей. 2. Русские корабли шли (плыли) недалеко от побережья. 3. Турецкие корабли шли кильватерным строем. 4. Вражеские корабли обстреляли бриг из мощных орудий. 5. Бриг не сдавался. 6. Командир был ранен. 7. Враг не смог победить героический корабль. B 1. Русские корабли должны были бороться с превосходящими силами. 2. Русские моряки не могли сдать свои корабли врагу. 3. Несколько кораблей должны были вернуться в свою базу. 4. Эти корабли не могли прорваться сквозь вражеский огонь. In 1805-1807 the Russian Fleet under the command of Admiral Senyavin operated against the Turks in the Mediterranean Sea. Senyavin sailed with his 10 ships and sighted a Turkish squadron off Lemnos. He decided to attack the superior enemy forces. On the 19th of June, 1807, the Russian ships approached the enemy. The Turkish ships weighed anchor, formed in battle order and opened fire on the Russian ships. The Russian squadron also opened fire from all the ships guns. The battle lasted for 3 hours. The Turkish ships tried to surround the Russian ships and to board them, but the Russian seamen fought heroically, and the Turkish squadron had to retreat (отступать) to their coast. Some of their damaged ships sank, some ran aground (сели на мель). 40

SHIPS OF FOREIGN NAVIES Aircraft carriers, battleships, cruisers, destroyers, frigates, submarines, minelayers, minesweepers, amphibious, escort ships and others are combatant ships. Transports, tankers, tugs, tenders, ice-breakers, and others are auxiliary ships. The largest combatant ship of the navy is the aircraft carrier. Aircraft carriers are built by the United States, Great Britain and some other countries. They are armed with antiaircraft guns, guided missiles, aircraft or helicopters. Battleships widely used in the first and second World Wars are not built now. There are light and heavy cruisers. Those armed with guided missiles are called guided-missile cruisers. Destroyers and frigates called multipurpose ships are used for different duties against enemy submarines, aircraft and surface ships. Conventional and nuclear-powered submarines play a very important role now. Armed with torpedoes, guided missiles or ballistic missiles they can be used against any surface or underwater ship or land object. There are also ships which have special missions. These are minelayers and minesweepers which lay or sweep mines, amphibious ships which take part in landing operations, escort ships used for escorting, etc. Patrol launches and boats are very fast ships with a speed of about forty-five knots. Transports, tenders, tankers, tugs and other auxiliary ships support combatant ships. 41

TYPES OF SHIPS There are different types of ships in foreign navies, the largest of them is the aircraft carrier. Aircraft carriers are built by such countries as the United States, Great Britain and some others. They are armed with AA guns, guided-missiles, air craft and helicopters. They range in displacement from 22,000 to 85,000 tons (or even more); their speed is also different - from 16 to 35 knots. Battleships and cruisers are called capital ships. Battleships widely used in the first and second World Wars are not built any longer, they are in reserve and are sometimes used only as bombardment ships. Cruisers, divided into heavy and light, are subdivided into guided- missile and nuclear-powered ships. These ships are heavily armed. The difference between them is in their displacement, armament and complement. Many special ships are built for escorting convoys, antisubmarine duties and for many other missions. They are destroyers and frigates. They are called multipurpose ships. In the US Navy they are designated DD for destroyers and DL for frigates. Those ships can be armed with antiaircraft guns, torpedoes, depth charges and missiles. Their weapon can be used both against submarines and against aircraft. But their main purpose is to protect capital ships from enemy surface ships, sub marines and aircraft. 42

One of the most important parts is played by submarines divided into conventional and nuclear-powered types. They are armed with torpedoes and missiles. Depending on the kind of the missile there can be guided missile and ballistic missile submarines. Now submarines can be used against other submarines. AS subs are extensively developed in modern navies. There are also ships which have special duties: minelayers, minesweepers, amphibious and escort ships. Patrol craft are used for patrol duties in rivers and shallow waters. Patrol launches and boats can be armed with guided missiles. Patrol craft are exceedingly fast, their speed being about 45 knots. In addition there are different auxiliary vessels: tenders, tankers, tugs, rescue vessels and others. Запомните следующие слова и словосочетания: transports, aircraft carrier, battleship, frigate, minesweeper, minelayer, tender, ice-breaker, escort ship, surface ship, helicopter, guided missile, enemy, mission, landing operation, speed, knot, World War, Great Britain, country, combatant, auxiliary, amphibious, antiaircraft, antisubmarine, underwater, nuclear-powered, to arm, to use, to call, to escort, to land, to launch, to support, to mean, to belong, to build, of course, reserve, weapon, torpedo, depth charge, bombardment ship. patrol craft, rescue vessel fast, conventional to divide, to subdivide, to displace, to develop, to play an important part. 43

1. Переведите без словаря: Foreign navies have different ships which are divided into combatant and auxiliary. Aircraft carriers, cruisers, destroyers, submarines, mine warfare ships and some others are called combatant ships. Auxiliary ships include ice-breakers, tugs, transports, tenders, barges. Their missions are different. 2. Переведите со словарем: Ships of foreign navies are divided into two large groups: combatant and auxiliary. They carry out different missions. In war time combatant ships protect their shores from the enemy attack, protect their own ships, destroy enemy ships and sea communications, carry out amphibious operations, lay or sweep mines, patrol etc. Auxiliary ships are used to support combatant ships. They carry men, fuel, ammunition, provisions from their bases to the front. Some ships break ice and lead other ships. 44

3. Переведите предложения: 1. Такой корабль называется авианосцем (подводной лодкой, эскадренным миноносцем, фрегатом, тральщиком, минным заградителем). 2. Авианосцы строятся в США, Англии и некоторых других странах. 3. Атомные подводные лодки широко используются в различных операциях. 4. Крейсеры делятся на легкие и тяжелые. 5. Вспомогательные суда широко используются на всех флотах. 4. Найдите причастие 2, определите его функцию и переведите предложения: 1. A shipbuilding firm of the German Democratic Republic built that tender for the Soviet Union. 2. The tender is built in time. 3. The tender built by that firm joined the Northern Fleet. 4 These ships are armed with antisubmarine mortars. 5. These are the ships with 2,000 ton displacement armed with antisubmarine mortars. 6. Ships are first built, then they are equipped with necessary instruments and then tested. 7. All the instruments installed on board that submarine functioned well. 8. The experts who tested the submarine equipment found it excellent. 5. Переведите предложения: 1. Эскадренные миноносцы сейчас широко используются. Эскадренные миноносцы, используемые для сопровождения авианосцев, хорошо вооружены. 2. Современные торпедные катера вооружаются управляемыми ракетами. Торпедные катера, вооруженные управляемыми ракетами, могут выполнять различные тактические задачи. 3. Эти фрегаты вооружены зенитными ракетами. Фрегаты, вооруженные зенитными ракетами, успешно выполнили свою задачу. 4. Мины вытралены, и корабли могут пройти этим каналом. Мины, вытраленные в этом канале, были новейшей конструкции. 45

6. Переведите без словаря: At the Spithead review in 1953 line upon line lay ships of all types and classes, and fleet auxiliaries. The Merchant Navy, fishing fleet and lifeboats were also represented there. There were battleships and aircraft carriers, cruisers, destroyers, frigates, submarines, ocean minesweepers, minelayers, amphibious warfare vessels, landing craft, trawlers, fast patrol boats. surveying vessels (гидрографические суда). In addition there were repair ships (плавучие мастерские), yachts, and ocean weather ships and icebreakers. The best ships of the Navies of South Africa, Ceylon, Pakistan and India also took part in the review. There were about three hundred ships in Spithead road stead. 7. Переведите со словарем: Control of the sea is important in wartime to protect the shores from enemy bombardment and invasion, and to provide surface transport for delivering friendly fighting forces overseas. Control of the sea is also needed to protect own commerce and to destroy the enemy's sea commerce. In addition, ships of different kinds are used to launch amphibious assaults and sometimes to support land operations. So, a navy has defensive and offensive uses. The ships of the US Navy can be divided into two main groups: combatant and auxiliary. The combatant (or fighting) ships are battleships, aircraft carriers, cruisers, destroyers, sub marines, minelayers and minesweepers, patrol vessels and amphibious ships. The auxiliary ships make up the supply line from rear bases to the front. They are tankers, cargo ships. transports that move men, fuel, tanks, ammunition, vehicles, pro visions, hospital ships, tenders and repair ships that service combatant ships and keep them in operation. 46

PARTS OF SHIPS The hull of a ship is divided into any compartments by decks or bulkheads. All these compartments are made water tight. There are watertight doors leading from one compartment to another and ladders leading to different parts of a ship. Warships are armoured, the armour belt protects magazines, shell rooms, diesel and engine rooms. The superstructures and decks are armoured too. The keel runs along the centre line of the ship's bottom terminating in the stem and in the sternpost. The ship's hull can be divided into three parts: the forward part or the bow, the middle part or the midships and the after part-the stern. The main deck is also divided into three parts: the forecastle, waist and quarterdeck. Ships can be armed with guns, torpedo tubes, depth charges, mines, missiles. Their armament is located in different parts, depending on the type of the ship and the armament itself. There are two masts in large ships: the foremast and the mainmast. The bridge, the conning tower, the control tower, the charthouse and the compass platform are situated near the foremast. The bridge is a main part of the ship's superstructure. This is the station of the officer who commands the ship. Living quarters on board a ship consist of mess-decks for the ship's crew and officers' living quarters with cabins and ward rooms for officers and petty-officers. Every warship wears the following flags: the jack (at the stem), the ensign (at the stern) and the national ensign (on the mainmast). 47

PARTS OF A SURFACE SHIP A modern combatant surface ship is a complex structure. It consists of the hull, superstructures, armament, power-plant, equipment, main and auxiliary machinery. The main parts of the hull are the framework, the outer plates, decks and watertight bulkheads. The keel is the basis of the framework. In its forward part it is called the stem, in the after end the sternpost. The ship's hull may be divided into the bow, the midships. and the stern. The main deck is divided into the forecastle situated in the ship's bow, waist - in the middle, and quarter deck-in the stern. The outer plates form the ship's sides (starboard and port) and bottom. Modern combatant ships have double bottoms against possible underwater mine and torpedo explosions. Capital ships have armour protection of the diesel or engine rooms, shell rooms, magazines, combat information centre. Smaller ships have only a light protection of the armament and commanding centres. There may be several decks in capital ships, the upper deck is otherwise called the main deck. Under the upper deck one can find magazines, engine and boiler rooms, living quarters, officers' wardrooms, the captain's cabin, etc. The ship's armament is located on the upper deck and on the superstructures: guns or gun lurrels, guided missile launchers, bombthrowers for conventional and nuclear depth charges, antisubmarine mortars and mine-launching devices. 48