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MATH!? WHY IS MATH IMPORTANT? Mathematics is essential and embedded in our lives, and its importance cannot be exaggerated. In simple terms, mathematics is generally the study of numbers, quantities, and shapes, and it is seen throughout our daily lives. From calculating daily expenses to predicting outcomes. Math is also used in different fields and that includes science, engineering, finance, and it has been used as an instrumental in developing new and improved technology and innovation. Mathematics is a primary teacher of critical thinking, logical reasoning, and problem-solving skills, and these are the tools used to navigate the complexities of the world. Furthermore, Mathematics is a universal language that allows people to get ideas across multiple countries and cultures, thus making it an essential component of global collaboration. 1

HOW IS MATH IMPORTANT? More than being used for practical purposes, mathematics is needed for its aesthetic and value. Mathematics helps us to push our minds and inspire us to think logically, creatively, and abstractly. Math allows us to see the beauty and elegance of structures and patterns, like the golden ratio and fractals. It provides a concrete floor for understanding the world, and the universe, ranging from the smallest subatomic particles to the biggest giant galaxies. Mathematics enriches our lives and expands our visions and is an essential part of having a well-rounded education. In conclusion, mathematics is an essential subject that reaches everything that is in our lives, and it is crucial for academic, personal, and professional success. 2

MATH AS A Mathematics is referred to be the language of science. The remark \"Mathematics is the language in which God has written the universe,\" is credited to Italian astronomer and physicist Galileo Galilei. GALILEO GALILEI A summation of Galileo Galilei's statement in Opere II Saggiatore: [The universe] cannot be read until we have learnt the language and become familiar with the characters in which it is written. It is written in mathematical language, and the letters are triangles, circles and other geometrical figures, without which means it is humanly impossible to comprehend a single word. 3

LANGUAGE 1 Let’s Decode 2 Mathematics! Language Concepts: There are several meanings of \"language,\" including a system of A vocabulary of words or words or codes used within a field. symbols is required. Language is a method of The words or symbols must have communication that uses symbols or meaning tied to them. sounds. Linguist Noam Chomsky Grammar is a collection of rules described language as a collection of that govern how vocabulary is sentences made up of a limited employed in a language. number of parts. Some linguists The syntax is the organization of believe that language should be symbols into linear structures or capable of representing events as propositions. well as abstract concepts. A narrative or discourse is made up of a series of syntactic assertions. A group of people who use and comprehend the symbols must exist (or have been). 3 All of these prerequisites are met by mathematics. Symbols, semantics, syntax, and grammar are the same all around the world. Math is used to communicate concepts by mathematicians, scientists, and others. Mathematics represents itself (a branch of mathematics known as meta- mathematics), real-world facts, and abstract notions. 4

guide to math lingo Matheamraitthimcsevtioccaanbduliasrydrcaowmnpfrriosmesmsyamnybooltshetrhaatlpahraebseptse.cific to No12435..u...AFVEDnrxarisaaaprcgiibranteriicbasomlsmnneaisusostmn(h(o1sae⁄ri4,nr(,vab3c5ixll,s⁄su9,cu,dx,(a2e20x,l:,1,4⁄e35yl),+,e1zmx2)3)e.7n)ts (circle, angle, triangle, tensor, ∞matrix) 6.Infinity ( ) 7.Pi (π) 8. Imaginary numbers (i, -i) 9.The speed of light © Ve123r...bEAdOqsictvuhtiiainesorlcinioltousnipedss(ee+uro,ascr-hty,imioaxnnesbosqoraul(sd*asd,liinini÷tt,ciioeoclusronds,/(i),=snt,uga<b:nt,,r>as)cetci)on, multiplication, and Did you know? When doing a sentence diagram on a mathematical sentence, you will find infinitives, conjunctions, adjectives, and so on. A symbol's role in English, like in other languages, is determined by its context. 5

INTERNATIONAL RULES! (TOLD U IT WAS UNIVERSAL :P) 1.Grammar and syntax in mathematics, like vocabulary, are international. The structure of the mathematical language is the same regardless of the country or language spoken. 2.Formulas are read from left to right. 3.For parameters and variables, the Latin alphabet is utilized. The Greek alphabet is also employed to some extent. Integers are often selected from the letters i, j, k, l, m, and n. Real numbers are represented by the letters a, b, and c. The letters w and z represent complex numbers. The unknowns are x, y, and z. Function names are often f, g, and h. 4.Specific topics are represented using the Greek alphabet. For example, it denotes density and is used to represent wavelength. 5.The sequence in which the symbols interact is indicated by parentheses and brackets. 6.The formulation of functions, integrals, and derivatives is consistent. LANGUAGE AS A TEACHING TOOL Learning how mathematical phrases function is beneficial when teaching or studying math. Because numbers and symbols may be scary to students, putting an equation into a common language makes the topic more approachable; it's similar to translating a foreign language into a known one. Though most students despise word problems, the ability to extract nouns, verbs, and modifiers from spoken or written language and translate them into a mathematical equation is a crucial talent to possess. Word puzzles boost comprehension and problem-solving abilities. Math may serve as a universal language since it is the same across the world. A phrase or formula has the same meaning independent of the accompanying language. Math helps people learn and communicate in this way, even when other communication impediments exist. 6

MATH IN FINANCE Mathematics is an integral part of finance, k-zone's special INTERVIEW and it plays a crucial role in the everyday WITH EUGENE KRABS world by enabling individuals and businesses to make informed financial decisions. Some of the areas in finance Interviewer: Why do you think math is where math is particularly important, and where do you think we can use it? significant include: Mr Krabs: Money, money, money... Interviewer: So, do you like math? 1. Accounting: Math is essential in Mr. Krabs: I love money! accounting as it involves understanding Interviewer: But money is math? and analyzing financial statements, such Mr. Krabs: I love math! Interviewer: Thank you Mr. Krabs! as balance sheets, income statements, and cash flow statements. Spongebob: Mr Krabs really likes money. 2. Financial Analysis: Financial analysis involves using mathematical models and Overall, math is a critical component of tools to evaluate the performance of finance, and its significance in the investments, such as stocks and bonds. everyday world cannot be overstated. From personal financial planning to 3. Risk Management: Managing risk is a corporate finance, understanding critical component of finance, and math is mathematical concepts and using used to calculate risk and determine the mathematical tools is essential for making appropriate level of risk exposure. informed financial decisions. 4. Financial Planning: Math is also used in financial planning to calculate how much money will be needed to achieve a specific financial goal, such as retirement or college savings. 5. Investment Banking: Investment banking involves evaluating companies and their financial performance to determine the best investment opportunities, and math plays a significant role in this process. 7

Your Cheat SHHHHeet in becoming a finance bro?!? Loans - debt provided from one entity to another at an interest rate. The loan including the interest can be repaid by either a one-time payment or several regular payments. One time Payment Simple Interest- calculated only on the principal amount of the loan or investment. it is a fixed percentage of the principal that is charged or earned over a specified period; I= Prt Compound Interest- calculated on both the principal amount and the accumulated interest. It means that the interest earned in each period is added to the principal amount, and the interest is then calculated on the new total ; F= P(1+rt) Where: I = Interest P = Principal (the initial amount borrowed or invested) r = Interest Rate (expressed as a decimal) t = Time (in years) Annuity Due Ordinary Annuity - sequence of payments made regularly at the end of every payment period. PV = P x [( 1 - ( 1 + r ) -n ) / r] Annuity Due - sequence of payments made regularly at the beginning of every payment period. PV = P x [( 1 - ( 1 + r ) -n ) / r] x ( 1 + r ) Where: PV = Present Value P = Payment per period r = Interest rate per period n = Number of periods Amortization- is a debt repayment scheme in which the original amount borrowed, including periodic interest, is repaid by making equal periodic payments. Investing Savings- A very conservative type of investment. Subject to 20% tax. Banks loan out money from our deposits to other people or institutions at a higher rate compared to the rate they pay us as depositors Average Daily Balance - Basis in determining the interest earned in a month (or period) for a given savings account. Based on the savings account balances for a given month or period Stocks - shares of ownership in a company Common Stocks- owners can vote in BOD elections Preferred Stocks- owners are first to be given dividends and first to be paid off in case the company files for bankruptcy; no voting rights Market Capitalization - the total value of company stocks in the stock market Initial Public Offerings - when a company sells its shares in the stock market for the first time; “going public” Bonds- Loan by corporations in order to increase capital; buying bonds means lending money to the company (you become a creditor). The company that issued bonds promises to pay the bond buyer a sequence of periodic interest payments 8

LIFE HACKS 101 HOW TO GET GOOD IN THE STOCK MARKET 1. DIVIDENDS Dividends are a portion of a company's profits that are distributed to shareholders. Companies that are profitable may choose to pay out a portion of their earnings to their shareholders in the form of dividends. If you own stocks in a company that pays dividends, you can earn regular income from those payments. Dividends are typically paid out quarterly or annually and are often calculated as a percentage of the stock's price. 2. PRICE APPRECIATION Price appreciation: When you buy stocks, you own a portion of the company. As the company grows and becomes more profitable, the value of your shares may increase. This increase in the value of the stock is called price appreciation. If you sell your shares after they have appreciated in value, you can earn a profit. 9

FLEX YA BRAIN CAN YOU SOLVE THIS? inhStaseuvarpevepiosinntsgeatsyhnaoencuucaadoclueclnpyo.outsHntitthoaw$atf1tm,ee0aur0rc05nhsinwy5etioa%llrayso?u ANSWER HERE (BE HONEST!) Solution: Using the compound interest formula, we can calculate the future value (FV) of the deposit after 5 years. FV = PV x (1 + r/n)(n*t) where PV = $1,000, r = 0.05, n = 1 (since interest is compounded annually), and t = 5 years FV = 1000 x (1 + 0.05/1)(1*5) = $1,276.28 Therefore, after 5 years, you will have $1,276.28 in the savings account if you deposit $1,000 with a 5% annual interest rate compounded annually. 10

TIPS AND TRICKS FOR MATH IN FINANCE 1.Understand the problem: Before attempting to solve a problem, make sure you understand the situation and the question being asked. This will help you identify which formula or method to use and avoid errors in calculations. 2.Keep it simple: Finance problems can involve complex formulas and calculations, but it's often possible to simplify them by breaking them down into smaller parts. Look for patterns, use common sense, and avoid unnecessary complexity. 3.Use a financial calculator or spreadsheet: Financial calculators and spreadsheet software like Microsoft Excel can be very helpful for doing math in finance. They can automate calculations, save time, and reduce errors. 4.Pay attention to units: When doing calculations, it's important to pay attention to the units of measurement. For example, make sure the interest rate and time period are expressed in the same units (e.g. annual rate and years, or monthly rate and months). 5.Check your work: Always double-check your calculations and make sure the answer makes sense in the context of the problem. If possible, try to verify your answer using a different method or calculator. 6.Practice, practice, practice: The more you practice doing math in finance, the more comfortable and confident you will become. Look for practice problems and examples online, and try to apply the concepts to real-life situations. 11

The movie is based on the real-life story of Jordan Belfort, a stockbroker who made a fortune by defrauding investors. The movie features many scenes where Belfort and his team use math and finance concepts to manipulate stocks and make huge profits. For instance, there is a scene in the movie where Belfort explains the concept of a \"pump and dump\" scheme to his team. He explains how they can buy a cheap stock, then use false information and hype to artificially inflate its price. Once the price goes up, they can sell the stock at a huge profit before the truth comes out and the price crashes. The movie also features scenes where Belfort and his team use technical analysis to predict stock price movements. They analyze charts and graphs to identify patterns and trends, then use that information to make trades. Overall, \"The Wolf of Wall Street\" is an example of how finance math can be used to exploit the stock market and make huge profits, even if it involves illegal and unethical practices. But don’t do that! FINANCE BRO WISELY! 12





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MATH IN GAME THEORY WHAT'S CLASSICAL GAME GAME ThEORY? THEORY A game, has two or more players Studies games in which players move, bet, or in which they make rational strategize simultaneously. Consequently, decisions according to the players may find themselves ignorant to some defined rules in order to receive aspects of the game as they are more likely to some sort of payoff. With this, depend on prediction and chance due to a lack Game Theory is a branch of of information. mathematics that focuses on the analysis of such games and how Example: Rock, Paper, Scissors the players try to maximize the outcome or payoff. Game theory CombInatIon game can be divided into two main subdisciplines: classical game theory theory and combination game theory. The study of two-player games in which each player has complete knowledge of all aspects of the game throughout the entirety of gameplay. These games are usually played on a turn-by-turn basis. Examples: Chess and Checkers 13

WHICH GAME THEORY MASTER ARE YOU? John Von Neumann ChIld prodIgy PIoneer of game theory Master of quantum theory, automata theory, economIcs, and defense plannIng Lloyd ShapleY The father of game theory Nobel prIze wInner In economIc science Harvard graduate In MathematIcs John Forbes Nash. Jr. Invented the Nash EquIlIbrIum Nobel PrIze wInner In economIcs and Abel PrIze wInner PrInceton graduate In MathematIcs 14

NASH EQUILIBRIUM A Nash equilibrium is a strategy profile in game theory in which no player has a dominant strategy. Each player correctly anticipates the strategic choice of all other players, and thus has no incentive to unilaterally deviate from their own optimal strategy. The Nash existence theorem dictates that every game has at least one Nash equilibrium. EXAMPLE Imagine a game between Finn and Jake. In this simple game, both players can choose strategy A, to receive 500 pesos, or strategy B, to lose 500 pesos. Logically, both players choose strategy A and receive a payoff of 500 pesos. If you revealed Jake’s strategy to Finn and vice versa, you see that no player deviates from the original choice. Knowing the other player’s move means little and doesn’t change either player’s behavior. Outcome A represents a Nash equilibrium. FI NN A B JAKE A 1, 1 1, -1 B -1, 1 0,0 15