উদয়- বাৰ্ষিক আলোচনী_ডায়েট, ডিব্ৰুগড় (২০২২-২৩ বৰ্ষ)

["\u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00af\u00ab\u220f\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u0153 2022-23 for a year. During this period, India will host over 200 Furthermore, the Startup20 Engagement meetings in over 50 cities across 32 different group will be established under India\u2019s G20 Presidency workstreams giving opportunity to it\u2019s guests to for the first time, recognising the role of startups in experience the rich culture of India, and providing the driving innovation that responds to a rapidly changing country\u2019s citizens with the opportunity to be a part of global scenario. Active consultation with the India\u2019s G20 story. Engagement Groups forms an integral part of India\u2019s inclusive, ambitious, decisive and action-oriented G20 The G20 logo draws inspiration from the approach. vibrant colours of India\u2019s National flag, juxtaposing planet earth with the lotus that reflects growth amid Also, this is a crucial time; with the post challenges.The theme India selected for it\u2019s presidency pandemic economic recovery, food and energy is \u201cVasudhaiva Kutumbakam\u201d which means \u201cThe security crisis, conflicts and also the ongoing Russia- world is one family\u201d. G20 summit and it\u2019s Indian Ukraine war that puts India in a significant position. presidency has a prominent role on India\u2019s global The international community sees towards India to be interests. Firstly, the year long G20 presidency will instrumental in addressing these issues and also to provide a fundamental & primary tool for securing bridge the increasing divide between countries. The and extending power and influence in international current complex geopolitical and economic situation politics and multilateral platforms which will offer India will make it challenging for India to shape the a significant opportunity to set global agendas, articulate international response to multiple crisis. policies and build consensus over critical economic development, socio-political and security issues. India\u2019s policy is focusing on the \u201cglobal common good\u201d. Through it\u2019s G20 leadership, India Secondly, India can promote and endeavour hopes to extend this principle towards finding to be the voice of Global South. India can utilise it\u2019s sustainable solutions to some of the key global G20 leadership role to advance the interests of the challenges emerging out of the interconnectedness of Global South and New Delhi\u2019s own credentials as a the world, such as climate change, new and emerging voice of the Global South. technologies, food and energy security, etc. Under India\u2019s leadership if G20 facilitates progress on these Thirdly, India\u2019s foreign policy inclines towards crucial issues, it will increase India\u2019s stature and status reforming multilateral institutions to make them more in global politics. This moment is for India to transition inclusive and responsible. Confronted with issues like from being a \u201crule-taker\u201d to being a \u201crule-maker\u201d and climate change, economic recovery, pandemic and be an active investor in multilateral rule-making increasing geopolitical tensions, the global community institutions like the G20. is looking for effective and accountable multilateral institutions that could deliver better in the field. qqq n 100","\u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00af\u00ab\u220f\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u0153 2022-23 Article Empowering the Next Generation: The Need for Financial Education in India\u2019s Education System Bijoy Sahu B.Ed 2nd Semester In recent years, there has been a growing awareness about the importance of financial education in India. With the country\u2019s economy growing rapidly and the rise of a new generation of young professionals, it has become essential for individuals to have a strong understanding of personal finance. Financial education refers to the knowledge and skills needed to manage personal finances effectively. This includes understanding financial concepts such as budgeting, saving, investing, and debt management. In a country like India, where the cost of living is rising rapidly, financial education is becoming increasingly important for young people to plan for their future and achieve financial stability. One of the main reasons why financial education is necessary in the Indian education system is that it helps individuals develop a sense of financial responsibility. By learning how to budget their expenses and manage their money effectively, students can develop a habit of saving and investing for their future. Additionally, financial education can help individuals avoid financial pitfalls such as debt, overspending, and poor investments. Students can learn about the dangers of credit card debt, high-interest loans, and other financial traps that can lead to financial ruin. Moreover, financial education can help students develop important life skills such as critical thinking and problem-solving. It can also promote entrepreneurship and creativity by teaching students how to identify business opportunities and create a business plan. Despite the importance of financial education, it is often neglected in the Indian education system. Many schools do not offer courses in personal finance, and students are not given the opportunity to learn about important financial concepts. This is especially true in low-income communities, where access to quality education is limited. To address this issue, it is essential for the Indian education system to prioritize financial education. This can be achieved by incorporating financial literacy into the curriculum and providing resources such as workshops and online courses.Additionally, there should be greater collaboration between schools, financial institutions, and the government to promote financial education and increase access to financial resources. In conclusion, financial education is necessary in the Indian education system to empower individuals to make informed decisions about their finances and achieve financial stability. By prioritizing financial education, we can help the next generation of young professionals build a better future for themselves and for our country. n 101","\u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00af\u00ab\u220f\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u0153 2022-23 Article A Postcolonial Feminist Study of Buchi Emecheta\u2019s 'The Joys of Motherhood' Dikshya Bordoloi B.Ed 4th Semester Buchi Emecheta is a versatile and prolific writer, who has successfully written more than twenty books dealing with various themes such as women abuse, motherhood, marriage, polygamy, poverty, male domination etc. In The Joys of Motherhood (1979), the feminist authoress has focussed on gender- based violence exerted by male characters on their female counterparts; a destructive phenomenon which undermines women\u2019s welfare. \u201cIn the novel, Buchi Emecheta is concerned with the conditions of women and their endeavour to achieve self-fulfilment (Helaly, 2016)\u201d (p. 118). Buchi Emecheta\u2019s The Joys of Motherhood focuses on the novel\u2019s critique of traditional Ibo society. [1] Specifically, such articles read Emecheta\u2019s text as a denunciation of the reproductive practices of the Ibo people, practices that do harm to women by promoting (and indeed institutionalizing) the idea that a proper wife should seek only to beget and care for her offspring. [2]As critical texts that recognize Emecheta\u2019s attempt to expose the gender politics operating within indigenousAfrica, these readings are important. They collectively validate The Joys of Motherhood as a work of sociohistorical import, as a novel that fills noticeable gaps in the historical record of African women\u2019s experiences. Nevertheless, the scholarly consensus that n 102","\u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00af\u00ab\u220f\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u0153 2022-23 valorises this work obscures other thematic threads marginalization and domination. In this regard, it seems that are equally important in the recovery of African that Emecheta\u2019s novel is a practical instance of women\u2019s history. Mohanty\u2019s theoretical ideology. The Joys of Motherhood has been called As the story of invisibility and marginalization Buchi Emecheta\u2019s most outstanding novel. of women who have no voice, Emecheta\u2019s The Joys of Motherhood, aims at rewriting an integral part of Beyond exhibiting \u201cthe power of history which has been dismissed. Indeed, Emecheta characterization, manipulation of point of view and seeks to speak for Ibuza women being multiply narrative method,\u201d the novel offers a sustained marginalized and oppressed by a colonial and exploration of theAfrican woman\u2019s experience, a much indigenous patriarchal society. Mohanty (2003) needed theme in current African literary discourse stresses that it is necessary for Third World women (Palmer 33). The paramount issue that still needs to to speak for themselves, to rewrite their history and be considered, however, is whether the academy today to produce knowledge about themselves. She suggests has a clearer picture of the conditions ofAfricanwomen that the important question is: who is speaking for Third than it had more than two decades ago when Maryse World women and from what geographical location Conde spoke out against the \u201cheap of myths [\u2026] rapid they are doing so? (p. 52). In the novel, female figures generalizations, and patent untruths\u201d that have clouded are multiply victimized by oppressive forces of race, the personality and the inner reality ofAfrican women gender and class, though one cannot refer to them as and called onAfrican women to speak for themselves a homogeneous group. In Mohanty\u2019s argument, (132). Western feminists in their problematic discussions of Third World women, ignoring the diversity among Buchi Emecheta\u2019s The Joys of Motherhood women, consider all the native women as a narrates the story of a traditional woman, Nnuego, homogeneous group. However, women have different who knows her identity and its completion in having identity, history, struggle and everyday lives. In fact, many children especially the boy one. Suffering from \u201cwomen are not as a singular monolithic subject. Even poverty, she knows herself rich, for she has three sons. when they share the same culture, they are still It seems to her that she would have, according to different\u201d. (Emecheta, 2011, p. 17) Ibuza tradition, a comfortable old age due to her sons\u2019 help. Having detailed Nnuego\u2019s painful life in Lagos, That\u2019s why she asserts that Third World a colonized city, the novel ends with her tragic death women should rewrite their history based on women\u2019s alone. Yet, far from being devoted to her children specific location and struggle and everyday lives. In exposing her joys of motherhood, Nnuego dies, at this regard, Emecheta carefully delineates the diversity the end of the story, a lonely death \u201cwith no child to among native female figures through their resistance hold her hand and no friend to talk to her. She had against the patriarchal oppression and domination. never really made many friends, so busy had she been Western feminism does not mean \u201cradical feminism building up her joys as a mother\u201d (Emecheta, 2011, based on which men are considered as women\u2019s p. 224). Through depicting the oppression and greatest enemy\u201d(Alaei and Barfi 2014: 15). For suffering Nnuego experiences in Lagos, Emecheta, instance Ona is a proud woman with a male power. indeed, highlights the effects of capital politics and Adaku, a representation of independent women, colonial patriarchal regimes in Third World women\u2019s n 103","\u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00af\u00ab\u220f\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u0153 2022-23 struggles for her independence and freedom. Nnuego, speaking for the female characters who have lost their a traditional woman, accepts the superiority of man voices by the patriarchal discourses. In doing this, she and she always tries to be a good daughter for her represents their experiences and oppressions in the father, a good wife for her husband and a good mother native patriarchy which later is reinforced by the racial for her children. Adankwo is the representation of colonial patriarchal regime. The subaltern ThirdWorld those women who have accepted their fate. women\u2019s oppression and marginalization by the Internalizing the patriarchal values and norms, she patriarchal relations should not lead us to regard Third herself cooperates in the oppression of Nnuego and World women as the passive victims of the male Adaku. Hence, regarding women as a category of dominated society. According to Spivak, such a analysis or, in other words, as a homogeneous group, problematic attitude \u201cignores the social and political as Mohanty (2003) suggests, \u201cresults in an assumption agency of subaltern women\u201d (etd. in Morton, 2003, of women as an always already constructed group, p. 64). one that has been labelled powerless, exploited, sexually harassed, and so on\u201d (p. 23). Emecheta\u2019s disempowered female protagonist, Nnuego, challenges this Western feminist In the novel, Emecheta carefully depicts the idea of \u201cwomen as a category of analysis\u201d. It is in this way in which the colonial discourse brings about context that Mohanty asserts \u201cthe homogeneity of changes such as religious ones in Lagos through the women as a group is mistaken for the historically institutions: \u201cthe workers are determined to be off only specific material reality of groups of women\u201d (p. 22). half a day in the week and that is on Sundays in order Accordingly, women should not be regarded as \u201ca to attend the church. The marriage should be done in singular group\u201d (p. 23) based on the shared the church, otherwise; it is regarded as an illegal oppression. Women\u2019s experience and oppression marriage. When Nnuego is pregnant for the first time, should be theorized in the particular historical and Nnaif become worry that he may lose his job because social context. That\u2019s why Third World women\u2019s they didn\u2019t marry in the church. Moreover, Nnuego, experience of mothering is different from that of in the court, is told to swear by the holy Bible not by Western women. her chi\u201d. (Emecheta, 2011, p. 217) Hence, Emecheta highlights how carefully West develops its culture and Besides criticizing colonialism, capitalism and rules through the institutions. She, indeed, echoes how racism, The Joys of Motherhood points out the way women are subject to multiple oppressions by the in which women are silenced and oppressed by native intersection of oppressive forces of race, gender and patriarchy and, however, this oppression is not class. Emecheta, in this regard, attempts to speak for mediated by race and \/or class. This is, by no means, the disenfranchised African women who are in contrast with postcolonial feminist premise. Because subjugated by the colonial patriarchal society. Due to the fundamental issue in the postcolonial feminist their own contradictory sex, race, class and cast discourse is to consider the intersection of gender, positioning,ThirdWorld women and women of colour class and race. The singular focus on gender and are subject to domination and exploitation (Mohanty, sexuality, as a source of women\u2019s oppression, in terms 2003, p. 64). of context, should be dismissed. \u201cBlack woman\u2019s sexuality is often described in metaphors of To an extent, Emecheta, in her novel, is speechlessness, space, or vision, as a \u2018void\u2019 or empty n 104","\u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00af\u00ab\u220f\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u0153 2022-23 space that is simultaneously ever-visible\u201d. African feminist study. In her novel, The Joys of Motherhood, she By concluding this, The Joys of Motherhood, offers her critique on the native patriarchal domination an extraordinary novel which unfolds the story of through exposing the violent oppression and invisibility and marginalization ofAfrican women who exploitation of the disenfranchised female character. have no voice, aims at reconstructing part of history She offers us a depiction of a society, Ibuza,-because which is dismissed. Buchi Emecheta, in her novel, Lagos is a colonized city, it is not of primary focus in manages to disclose women\u2019s marginalization and this debate- in which gender determines who is oppression by both colonial and indigenous patriarchal superior and who is regarded as inferior, who is the regimes. Colonialism is obscurely demonstrated in The norm and who is regarded as the subject. Ona who Joys of Motherhood. In the novel, native populations lives in Ibuza, a traditional village, takes the position are obliged to make themselves compatible with those of a male child for her father who has not any boy, ideas and systems foreign to their own. Different with all power and responsibility the first son has. factors such as foreign idealistic standards for Hence, the traditional patriarchy offers her the male education and conduct, Christianity, etc. endanger power but it gives her sense of femininity. Just once, traditional culture. All levels of society including whenAgbadi was nearly dead she let her steely mask Nigerian families and individuals are severely affected to remove. by European idealistic standards. Nnuego has to search for a novel structure of joy while traditional In some respects, Emecheta criticizes the culture attempts to continue in a world of Logos. Her male authority for treating women as inferior other. Ego clearly stands for traditional thinking of her society. However, this view leads us to define female as victim Of course, this inclination to search for definite and of the male violence- subject of domination and male find answers does not belong to mentality from the as oppressor. This definition of male and female, time humanity came into this world Emecheta, indeed, indeed, suggests that the world is constructed of binary echoes how women are subject to double oppression opposition: male (read: superior) and female (read: by the intersection of oppressive forces of race, gender inferior). However, this is, by no means, in contrast to and class. Moreover, she is going to highlight female postcolonial feminist ideology. Besides this, through sexual oppression, gender inequality and gender disclosing the issue of polygamy in The Joys of difference in Igbo patriarchy. She attempts to speak Motherhood, Emecheta highlights the extent to which for the disempowered African women who have no women are sexually oppressed. They are deprived of voice of their own. Besides some writers such as their sexual desire\/ rights when they are replaced by a Miriam Tlati andAmaAtaAidoo, Emecheta, indeed, new beautiful young girl. Her depiction of theAfrican transcends the traditional way of representing black women\u2019s position in the polygamous family casts women. further light upon the issue of gender oppression in qqq n 105","\u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00af\u00ab\u220f\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u0153 2022-23 TECHNOLOGY IN INDIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM Amir Nag B.Ed 2nd Semester In recent years, technology has significantly impacted the Indian education system. With the availability of the internet, mobile devices, and advanced software, education has become more accessible and inclusive. In this essay, we will explore the different ways through which technology has changed the face of education in India. One of the most significant changes is the shift from traditional classroom teaching to online education. With the advent of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), students can learn from anywhere in the world, at any time. This has been a game-changer for people who live in rural areas, where access to quality education is limited. Online education has also provided opportunitiesforworking professionals to upskill or reskill, without having to leave their jobs. Another aspect where technology has made an impact is in the use of digital tools for teaching and learning. Digital tools like interactive whiteboards, tablets, and laptops have made it possible to create an engaging learning environment for students. Teachers can use these tools to make their lessons more interactive, fun, and meaningful. Additionally, these tools have made it possible for students to access learning materials like textbooks, videos, and n 106","\u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00af\u00ab\u220f\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u0153 2022-23 podcasts online. This has eliminated the need for for students to share documents, work on projects physical textbooks, reducing the cost of education. together, and communicate with each other. This has helped to develop important skills like teamwork, In recent years, there has been a surge in the communication, and collaboration,which areessential use of educational apps. These apps are designed to in today\u2019s workforce. make learning fun and engaging. They cover a range of subjects, including mathematics, science, and Another area where technology has made a languages. The apps use gamification techniques to significant impact is in assessment and evaluation.With make learning more interactive and immersive. For the help of online assessment tools, teachers can example, BYJU\u2019S courses are delivered through an evaluate their students\u2019 understanding of a particular app, which can be downloaded on a mobile device subject more accurately. These tools can provide or tablet. The app uses a mix of video lessons, instant feedback, making it easier for students to animations, quizzes, and interactive activities to make understand their mistakes and learn from them. learning more engaging and effective. The app also Additionally, online assessments have made it possible provides personalized feedback and progress tracking, for teachers to evaluate students\u2019 progress in real- which allows students to see how they are doing and time, helping them to identify areas where they need where they need to improve. One of the unique features more help. of BYJU\u2019S is its use of gamification techniques. The app uses a point-based system, where students earn In recent years, the use of virtual reality (VR) points for completing lessons, quizzes, and activities. and augmented reality (AR) has made educationmore They can then use these points to unlocknew content immersive and interactive. VR andAR technologies or to compete with other students on the platform. create a simulated environment that allows students This approach has made learning more fun and to experience a subject in a more engaging way. For engaging for students, helping to improve their example, VR technology can be used to take students motivation and interestin education. on a virtual field trip to a museum, where they can learn about history or art. This has made learning more Technology has also made it possible for exciting and engaging for students, helping to improve teachers to personalize their teaching methods. With their understanding of a subject. the help of learning management systems (LMS), teachers can tailor their lessons to suit the individual In conclusion, technology has brought needs of their students. LMS systems allow teachers significant changes to the Indian education system in to track the progress of each student, identify areas recent years. The use of online education, digital tools, where they need more help, and provide personalized educational apps, learning management systems, online feedback. This has made it possible for students to collaboration tools, online assessment tools, and VR\/ learn at their own pace, without feeling left behind. AR technologies has made education more accessible, personalized, engaging, and immersive. These The use of technology has also made it technologies have helped to improve the quality of possible for students to collaborate and work together education in India and have made it possible for on projects. Online collaboration tools like Google students to learn at their own pace. Drive, Microsoft Teams, and Slack have made it easy qqq n 107","\u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00af\u00ab\u220f\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u0153 2022-23 Article Pi Priya Kumari Kushwaha B.Ed. 2nd Semester The mathematical concept of pi, which represents the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, has a long and fascinating history. The earliest known reference to pi was made by the ancient Egyptians around 2000 BC, who used an approximation of 3.16 to calculate the areaof circular fields. The Babylonians, who lived around 1800 BC, also had an approximation for pi in their mathematical texts. The Greek mathematician Archimedes, who lived in the 3rd century BC, is credited with making significant contributions to the study of pi. He used a geometric method to approximate the value of pi, which involved inscribing polygons within and circumscribing polygons around a circle. By increasing the number of sides of these polygons, Archimedes was able to obtain increasingly accurate approximations of pie. In the 5th century AD, the Chinese mathematician Zu Chongzhi also made significant contributions to the study of pi. He calculated the value of pi tobe 3.1415926, which was accurate to six decimal places. Over the centuries, many mathematicians continued to work on the problem of pi, including Leonardo da Vinci, who calculated its value to be 3.1415. In the 18th century, the mathematician Johann Lambert proved that pi is irrational, meaning that it cannot be expressed n 108","\u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00af\u00ab\u220f\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u0153 2022-23 as a finite or repeating decimal. mind clicked, and suddenly she saw the solution to a The development of computers in the 20th problem that had been plaguing her for weeks.Without thinking, she blurted out the answer, surprising both century allowed for even moreprecise calculations of her teacher and her classmates. pi. In 2019, a team of researchers used a supercomputer to calculate the value of pi to 31.4 From that moment on, Lily\u2019s reputation as a trillion decimalplaces. math genius grew. She was invited to jointhe school\u2019s math club, where she quickly proved to be a valuable Today, pi continues to be a fundamental member, coming upwith new and innovative ways to conceptinmathematics,with applications in fields such solve problems and push the boundaries of as engineering, physics, and computer science. Its rich mathematical knowledge. history is a testament to the enduring fascination and importance ofthis mathematical constant But Lily\u2019s love of math wasn\u2019t just limited to the classroom. In her free time, she would often sit Mathematics obsession alone in her room, lost in thought, pondering the Once upon a time, there was a young girl mysteries of the universe and the complex patterns that governed it. Her parents worried that her named Lily who loved mathematics more than anything obsession with math was unhealthy, but Lily couldn\u2019t in the world. From a young age, she was fascinated imagine living without it. by the patterns and numbers that seemed to govern the world around her. She spent all her free time solving As she grew older, Lily\u2019s love of math only puzzles and playing with numbers, always looking for deepened. She went on to study at a prestigious a new challenge to keep her mind engaged. university, where she quickly became one of the top students in her class. She even published a ground- As she grew older, Lily became more and breaking paper on number theory that earned her more obsessed with math. She spent hours poring worldwide recognition. over textbooks and practicing complex equations, determined to become a worldclass mathematician. But even as her fame and success grew, Lily Her passion for the subject was so intense that she remained humble and dedicated to her passion. For often found herself lost in thought, pondering the her, math wasn\u2019t just a subject to be studied and mysteries of the universe and the secrets of the numbers mastered, but a way of life, a philosophy that guided that governed it. her every thought and action. And in the end, it was her unwavering dedication to the principles of One day, Lily was sitting in her math class, mathematics that allowed her to unlock thesecrets of listening to her teacher explain the intricacies of the universe and make her mark on the world. algebraic equations.As she listened, something in her qqq n 109","\u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00af\u00ab\u220f\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u0153 2022-23 Article MENTAL HEALTH : SENSITIVE OR IGNORANT Ananya Gogoi B.Ed. 4th Semester \u201cA healthy body is the complete physical, mental, social well-being of a person and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.\u201d A proclamation we make whenever we are asked to define Health. Schools, Colleges, Social events, Community groups carry out lectures on how to take care of one\u2019s health. But, sadly that \u201cHealth\u201d is only limited to physical health. The Do\u2019s and Dont\u2019s of keeping ourselves healthy and hygienic, physically. But, what we as a society forget is that a person can never truly be termed healthy unless he\/she is fit both physically and mentally. What is Mental Health? Emotionally abled, psychologically fit and having an adaptive social presence are the attributes that are included when mental health is talked about. How is stress handled, how we think, feel and act are all affected by Mental Health. It is an important field of knowledge at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood. It is not just a concept that refers to an individual\u2019s psychological and emotional well being, Rather it is a state of psychological and emotional well being where an individual is able to use their cognitive and emotional capabilities, meet the ordinary demands and functions in the society. Mental Health is a basic human right and it is crucial to personal, community and socio-economic development. It is more than the absence of mental disorders. It exists on a complex continuum, which is experienced differently from one person to another, with varying degrees of difficulty and distress and potentially very different social and clinical outcomes. DIFFERENT DETERMINANTS OF MENTAL HEALTH \u00c4 Throughout our lives, multiple individuals, social and structural determinants may combine to protect or undermine our mental health and shift our position on the Mental health continuum. \u00c4 Individual psychological and biological factors such as emotional skills, substance use and genetics can make people more vulnerable to mental health problems. \u00c4 Exposure to unfavourable social, economic, geopolitical and environmental circumstances also increases people\u2019s risk of experiencing mental health conditions. STIGMAAND THE IGNORANT POPULATION. n 110","\u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00af\u00ab\u220f\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u0153 2022-23 Globally more than 70% of people with mental including fear, mistrust and even violence against those illness receive no treatment from health care staff. with mental disorder. Evidence suggest that factors increasing the likelihood IMPROVE EDUCATION of treatment avoidance or delay before presenting for care include- Less than half of Indian students have learnt 1. Lack of knowledge to identify feature of about Mental illness, even though education is an mental illness. important aspect of reducing stigma. The schools and 2. Ignorance about how to access treatment. colleges should start introducing courses and most 3. Prejudice against people who have mental importantly a councelling office for letting the students illness. talk about the issues without any hindrance. 4. Expectation of discrimination against people OPEN DISCUSSIONABOUT MENTALHEALTH diagnosed with mental illness. Words matter the most when we talk about Mental Talking about mental health decreases the illness. stigma around it. More open discussion forums should The words that should be used while discussing issues be set up by the Government or the NGOs for letting of mental illness are- the population talk about it without the constant fear \u00c4 Sadness: It is a natural, temporary human feeling of being judged or declared ill. which is usually triggered by difficult, hurtful, event or INCREASE ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH situation. SERVICES. \u00c4 Worry: It is a normal part of life which last for short period of time, can be controlled and is limited Psychological training should be provided to to a specific, small amounts of realistic concerns. people who takes an interest in this field and comes \u00c4 Mood-Swings: Are a natural part of life and can out for helping people who are affected by mental be faced by any person at any point of life. illness. Mental health assistance is as important as The words that we use or tend to use are- physical health assistance. \u00c4 Depression: It is a long term mental effect which does not necessarily require a difficult situation, event Mental health awareness month has been or a loss. observed in May, from May 1 to May 31 every year. \u00c4 Anxiety Disorder: Is a mental disorder which is Developing our awareness helps us start to recognize long term, uncontrollable, disruptive and causes worry the signs and symptons when we are feeling off- just about all sorts of things. as we do in physical illness. It isn\u2019t just a conversation \u00c4 Bipolar Disorder: A long term mental illness in dealing with mental health disorders. It impacts our which the mood shifts are abrupt, severe and social, emotional, physical and cognitive well being disruptive. INFORMATION ON STOPPING THE It is never truly known how the actions of ours STIGMA impact another person, but if raising awareness can save a life, it is truly a worthwhile endeavour. The stigma surrounding mental health is extremely harmful. It can lead to many negative effects, Reference : www.bettercup.com www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Pubmed Mental Health:Areport qqq n 111","\u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00af\u00ab\u220f\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u0153 2022-23 Article Anirudha Bhattacharjee The activities of persons traveling to B.Ed. 4th Semester and staying in places outside their usual place of n 112 residence for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes constitute \u201cTourism\u201d. Such visits for being close to nature to enjoy its enormous creations, both biotic and abiotic, in a most environment friendly manner, without any adverse impact on the ecosystem, is called \u2018Eco-Tourism\u2019. According to the WTO, \u201cTourism that involves traveling to relatively undisturbed natural areas within the specialized object of studying, admiring and enjoying the scenery and its wild plants and animals, as well as any existing cultural aspects (both of the past or the present) found in these areas\u201d is defined as eco-tourism. Eco-tourism tends to be modest in scale (e.g. tour groups of not more than 25 people, hotels with fewer than 100 beds). It is also likely","\u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00af\u00ab\u220f\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u0153 2022-23 to be operated by small or medium sized companies a country\u2019s best and most popular natural attractions. that specialize in leading and providing accommodation It relies on a high-capacity mechanized form of for small groups in natural areas. These companies transport such as buses or large boats. There are low may furnish guides from the local population. Visitors requirements for self-reliance and the degree of may be given extensive information concerning challenge is generally low. ecosystems, local cultures and their relationship to the environment and sustainability issues. Impact of Ecotourism : Principles of Ecotourism- The impact of ecotourism can be broadly There are 5 key principles that are classified under three headings : fundamental to ecotourism i.e.: I. Economic Impact on local lives and I) ecotourism is nature based livelihood II)ecologically sustainable II. Ecological Impact on the environment III) environmentally educative III. Socio-cultural Impact IV) locally beneficial V) generates tourist satisfaction Development of ecotourism in India : Ecotourism and its emerging forms- India is a country of continental dimensions In planning and management of ecotourism it\u2019s also important to be aware of a number of different consisting of four distinct regions, namely, the greater styles of ecotourism. Tourism experts have so far mountain zone, plains of Ganga and the Indus, the identified three broad styles of ecotourism. desert region and the southern Peninsula.Almost two They include: thirds of the great Himalayas are in the mountain Zone (1) Frontier Ecotourism : of India and it includes large plateaus and valleys. The It involves individuals or small groups of plains of Ganga and the Indus are formed by the basins generally ten or less people who utilize non-motorized of three distinct river systems - the Indus, the Ganga forms of transport (e.g., walking or canoeing) to visit and the Brahmaputra. The great desert extends from relatively remote and lightly used natural areas. Rann of-Kutch and runs through the whole of (2) Small group ecotourism : Rajasthan-Sindh frontier and between Jaisalmer and This type of ecotourism involves individuals Jodhpur. The peninsular plateau is flanked on one side or relatively with small groups (Approximately 10 or by the Eastern Ghats and the other by the Western less) who utilize motorized forms of transport such as Ghats. Between the Western Ghats and the Arabian buses or large boats. There are low requirements for Sea there is a narrow coastal strip while between the self-reliance and the degree of challenge is generally Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal lies a broader \u2018off the beaten track\u2019. This type of ecotourism coastal area. India is thus endowed with all the operation may involve moderately high levels of landforms of mountains, plains, deserts and sea coasts. challenge and self-reliance but is generally suitable for participants from a wide variety of age groups who In the initial years of development of do not necessarily require any special outdoor skills. ecotourism, greater emphasis was given for the (3) Popular Ecotourism : development of ecotourism in the Himalayas and the This type of ecotourism involves the transport deserts. One of the earliest projects in this regard was of large numbers of visitors to and through or across the Gulmarg Winter Sports Resorts. There has been a strong growth in foreign travel to India during the recent years and this trend is n 113","\u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00af\u00ab\u220f\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u0153 2022-23 expected to continue.TheWorldTourismOrganization district of Meghalaya. It is notable for its cleanliness (WTO) has estimated that \u201cNature Travel \u201cof which and was named Asia\u2019s cleanest village by Discover ecotourism is one form generated about 7% of all India magazine.Along with cleanliness, it has a 100% international level expenditure in 2017. literacy rate or a women empowerment scenario that the rest of the world can only dream of. According to the World Resource Institute (ii) Majuli,Assam : It is a picturesque, lush green, and (WRI), from the beginning of the 1990s tourism overall pollution-free river island on the Brahmaputra River. was growing at a rate of 7% per year and nature travel It is the world\u2019s largest river island, drawing visitors at rate of 10-25%. Moreover, WTO estimates show from all over the world. Majuli\u2019s culture is unique and global spending on ecotourism is increasing by 20% quite interesting, and it is one of the main reasons why per year, about five times the average rate of growth people love this place so much. Due to its rich cultural in the tourism industry as a whole. heritage, Majuli is regarded as the culture ofAssam. (iii) Kaziranga National Park, Assam : It\u2019s a place Economic diversification and technological where nature unfurls its pristine form in millions of hues, improvements have created a conducive environment where wildlife roams fearlessly, and where man and for tourism development in the present age of nature meet. Famous for one horned rhino, it\u2019s a globalization. India has a vast geographical spread. UNESCO designated World Heritage Site for its and great historical and cultural heritage, which are unique natural environment. excellent conditions for growth in this sector. (iv) Loktak Lake, Manipur : It is one of India\u2019s largest Eco-tourism has found a niche for itself as an effective freshwater lake and one of Manipur\u2019s most popular instrument for generating. employment, earning revenue tourist attractions. Due to its ethereal beauty and and foreign exchange, enhancing the environment, floating circular swamps known as phumdis in the local preserving culture and tradition, thereby facilitating language, the lake attracts tourists from all over the overall development. In addition, tourism is one of world. India\u2019s largest growing industries and the eco- tourism (v) Thembang, Arunachal Pradesh : It is an ancient sector is the fastest growing segment of the expanding village with significant historical and cultural significance tourism industry. in Arunachal Pradesh\u2019s West Kameng district. The village is surrounded by lush green majestic mountain Ecotourism attractions in Northeast India : peaks with oak and blue pine forest slopes, as well as The eight states of North East India are cascading high-speed perennial rivers flowing down beneath the deep gorges. With all of these resources, blessed with scenic natural beauty, salubrious weather, community-based eco-tourism was introduced in rich biodiversity, rare wild life, historical sites, distinct Thembang in a sustainable manner. cultural and ethnic heritage and warm and welcoming (vi) Khumulwng,Tripura- Khumulwng Eco Park lives people. The region offers unforgettable visits for up to its name in every way. This park is located at tourists interested in wildlife, religious, cultural and about 38 km from Khowai in Baramura Hill Range. It ethnic tourism, river cruises, golf and a host of others. is an area surrounded by sylvan green forest with a There is also great scope for mountaineering, trekking stream flowing through it. This park has a lot of other and adventure tourism in the region. Few of the ecotourism sites in NE India are as follows - (i) Mawlynnong : It is a village in the East Khasi Hills n 114","\u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00af\u00ab\u220f\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u0153 2022-23 attractions of panoramic environment. This is an ideal damaging as mass tourism, if not properly organized\u201d. destination for eco-lovers. Conclusion - Other attractions includeYuksom and Dzongu Ecotourism is an industry with many pros and in Sikkim; Nameri,Namphake and Manas National cons. It can help sustain ecosystems and help degrade Park in Assam and Touphema and Khonoma in them, depending on implementation and management. Nagaland etc. Ecotourism can protect ecosystems by preventing erosion, preserving biological integrity, promoting Ecotourism:An opportunity or threat? conservation education and providing economic Ecotourism provides an opportunity to incentives for sustainable use. It also involves working with communities affected by a protected area in develop tourism in ways that minimize it\u2019s negative achieving their support and cooperation.The idea impacts and be a means of preventing environmental behind ecotourism is to preserve the natural and degradation, while sharing economic benefit with the cultural environment and benefit local communities and local people. for that to occur a policy needs to be formulated that promotes sustainable tourism development that should According to Panigrahi (2003) \u201cTravel by be created with the efforts and active participation of individuals or small groups to relatively untouched three groups i.e. the local populace, govt. agencies natural areas- where they can experience the natural and tourists and are coordinated in one joint enterprise. environment and encounter local people directly- has been increasing rapidly in the last two decades. (Source : University of North Bengal, WB) Although this type. of tourism ought to have positive environmental and social effects, it could be as qqq n 115","\u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00af\u00ab\u220f\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u0153 2022-23 Article Importance of Recycling Juli Phukan D.El.Ed. 4th Semester 1.Introduction: Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects. This concept is often including the recovery of energy from waste materials. The recyclability of a materials depends on its original state. It is an alternative to \u2018conventional\u2019 waste disposed that can save material and help lower greenhouse gas emissions. Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction and is the third component of the \u201cReduce, Reuse, and Recycle\u201d Waste hierarchy. It promotes environmental sustainability by removing raw material input and redirecting waste output in the economic system. 2.Collection of waste materials and it\u2019s recycling process: Waste materials are collected through drop- off centers, curbside collection, deposit or refund programs. The waste materials are then transported to a materials recovery facility or recycling centers where they are sorted out, cleand and processed into ideal materials for manufacturing. The recyclable waste materials can be bought and sold the same way raw materials would be. The prices fluctuate depending on demand and supply throughout the country. 3.About the Recyclable things: We can Recycle many things such as -paper, plastics, glass, tyres, organic waste etc. a. Paper: Paper recycling is a process that involves reusing paper to make new paper products. Examples -paper basket, pen stand, face mask, collage etc. b. plastics: Plastics recycling is the reprocessing of plastics waste into new products. It is necessary because almost all plastic is non bio degradable. Examples - flower pot, pen stand etc. C.Glass: Glass recycling is the processing of waste glass into usable products. When the glass is taken to a manufacturing or recycling plants, it is broken up into smaller prices called cullet. d. Tyres: Tyre recycling is the process of rubbish tyres that are no longer suitable for use on vehicles due to wear damage. Example: Flower tub, sofa, chair etc. e.Organic waste :Organic recycling is the activities that involved the collection and processing of organic materials as well as the use of a recycled product. Examples of organic waste include green house, food waste, food soiled paper, hazardous wood waste. 4.Importance of recycling: a. Recycling minimizes pollution: Recycling of industrial wastes such as plastics, chemicals go a long way n 116","\u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00af\u00ab\u220f\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u0153 2022-23 towards considerably cutting back on levels of the products we buy today is a very energy-intensive pollution because these waste products are reused process that causes a lot of pollution and disrupts rather than just being thrown away recklessly. environmentalsustainability. If plastics, paper and other b. Protects the environment: The great benefit of materials were not recycled, we would have to find recycling waste material is that it plays a big part in another source of raw materials such as trees, that protecting Mother Nature in the most balanced way, could be used to make paper and other products. recycled paper manufactured from specific trees is 6.Disadvantage of Recycling: continually utilised to reduce deforestation. a. Recycling sites are always unhygienic, unsafe and C. Recycling minimises global warming: It is unsightly. The harmful chemicals from these wastes perfectly true that recycling minimises global warming can also be dangerous. The whole recycling poses and it\u2019s grave impacts. During waste disposal, huge health risks for dedicated individuals responsible for amounts of waste have combusted that lead to the recycling these waste products. emission of vast greenhouse gases such as carbon b. Recycling might not be inexpensive, sometimes dioxide, sulfur and nitrogen, which contribute to climate recycling waste may not be less costly as most people change and global warming. think.At times, a need arises to establish another waste e. Conserves natural resources: Recycling is a recycling unit for processing. surefire way of conserving existing raw materials and C. Recycling tons of garbage will require waste to be protecting them for future use. Taking steps to transported, sorted, cleaned and processed in conserve natural resources like minerals, water and separate factories, all of which need energy and may wood ensure sustainable and optimal use. result in byproducts that can pollute soil, air or water. f. Recycling spreads environmental awareness: d. As methane is a greenhouse gas this product during Recycling is just the beginning of a revolution that will recycling if allowed to seep out, can lead to global help preserve the plant for our future generations. With warming and ozone depletion. calls for sorting waste into biodegradable and e. When waste materials break down, pollutions such recyclable, people become aware of recycling while as chemical stews, harms the environment. Toxins and reducing environmental impact. impurities from the original, such as lead paint or spray g. Saves energy: When we recycle, we don\u2019t have cans, could pass through the recycling into the recycled to use as much energy to produce new materials. product. Recycling can save a lot of energy that would otherwise 6.Conclusion: The world is where we have lived all be used to produce new raw materials. our lives. We need to care for it better. Recycling is h. Saves money: The money we save by recycling one of the most effective ways to help the environment. paper and other materials that can be reused is not The reasons why recycling is important are many, but included in the cost of making new paper and other first of all, the earth does not have infinite resources, products from raw materials. we should do everything in our power to preserve So we can see that Recycling is important because what we have for future generations. Recycling is one without it we would have to produce a whole lot more of the best ways for us to have a positive impact on new materials to meet our needs. The extraction and the world in which we live, Recycling is important to processing of the raw materials that go into making both the natural environment and us. qqq n 117","\u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00af\u00ab\u220f\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u0153 2022-23 Article Arsenic in drinking water : Current perspectives and Future directions Monpa Phukan D.El.Ed. 4th Semester Arsenic (As), belongs to the group of element that are called metalloids (a chemical element that has both properties of metals and non-metals). It occurs naturally in the earth's crust. Arsenic is from all its features mostly recognised as a poison. It has no flavour, no colour and little odour. Arsenic endures the water through the dissolution of minerals, Ores oil sediments, water leaving organisms and rocks containing high concentrations of arsenic.Arsenic also emitted into atmosphere by high temperature processes such as coal fired power plants, burning vegetation and volcanism. It also come from human activities, such as mining or smalting ores that contain arsenic. In the past it was used in commercial wood preservatives and agricultural chemicals. Arsenic contamination in drinking water and associated adverse outcomes are one of the major health issue in more than 50 countries worldwide. The scenario is getting more detrimental with increasing number of affected people and newer sites reported from all over the world.Apart from drinking water the presence of arsenic has been found in various other dietary resources. Reportedly 300 million people of the world are affected by the consumption of arsenic contaminated ground Water. In the world\u2019s two worst arsenic impacted areas of Bangladesh and West Bengal, India prominently figures among them and the step of Bihar has soon and upside in cases affected by Arsenic poisoning. Most of the cancer patient with high blood arsenic concentration were from the district near the river Ganges. The raised blood arsenic concentration in the 2000 cancer patient strongly correlates the relationship of arsenic with cancer specially the carcinoma type which is more vulnerable. Also the state of Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Manipur and Chhattisgarh are reported to be most affected by arcenic contamination of groundwater above the permissible level. The presence of arsenic in the groundwater of Assam has come to the preview with other parts of India . It shares the same hydro geological concentration with its neighbouring States West Bengal and neighbouring country Bangladesh where the groundwater arsenic concentration has been reported as far beyond that of the safe limit.Astudy was carried out to determine the groundwater arsenic concentration level in 5 district of Assam viz., Sonitpur, Nagaon, Kamrup Nalbari and Darrang using continuous- HG-AAS technique. It was found that the groundwater of all the district has arsenic concentration above the WHO permissible limit 10 ppb (through BIS limit is 50 ppb) and in some place it is approaching 50 ppb) which may create problem of arsenicosis in near future . n 118","\u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00af\u00ab\u220f\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u0153 2022-23 Arsenic in drinking water is a world wide crops, society and socio economics. environmental public health threat.Anyone who drinks 2. The dose response relationship of arsenic and human water contaminated of arsenic can be effected by it, health effects. but developing countries are the ones who seem to 3. Exposure of arsenical compounds and risk suffer the most fromArsenic poisoning. Once arsenic assessment and advanced analytical progress . enters the body it is absorbed very quickly by the 4. Biotransformation, bio accessibility and the livers and blood stream and sent back out through the bioavailability of arsenic. excretion of urine, just because it is absorbed quickly 5. The toxicity of arsenic species in aquatic or Marine does not mean health affects will start to show right environments. away. Long term exposure to arsenic has been to 6. The mitigation and management of arsenic in linked to severe skin diseases, cancer and many deaths groundwater soil and crops and future generation. in many regions morbidity rates due to exposure. Removal of arsenic and arsenic species from water : The United States and the world Health Different methods can be applied for arsenic Organisation(WHO) applies a strict standard for removal from water. arsenic is more effectively arsenic in drinking water to be at or below 0.01 mg\/ removed than As (III) by both conventional and non 1or 10 parts billion But unfortunately not all countries conventional methods. Methods that have been have the sources or follow the strict regulations set to successfully applied in water treatment plants are : protect the contaminated drinking water . Arsenic precipitation and Co precipitation, electrochemical ,ion health effects include diseases that can affect the exchange etc. Reverse Osmosis is widely consider cardiovascular system, Kidneys ,skin ,nervous system the most effective method of removing arsenic from or lead to toxic life . well water. Reverse Osmosis systems remove a high percentage of contaminants from water, including heavy Some symptoms ofArsenic poisoning is - red metals, nitrates, sulphates and many more. The or swollen skin, skin changes, abdominal pain, nausea, following important methods also are used below : vomiting, diarrhea, abnormal heart rhythm, muscle oxidation, coagulation, adsorption, ionicexchange and cramps, tingling of fingers and toes. membrane techniques . Ground Water continues to be the most common source of Arsenic poisoning. Arsenic contamination of water has been One of the most effective preventing measures against reported as a critical issue in many articles, which arsenic poisoning is to make sure we drink clean, filter reflects the latest state of the art understanding of the water. we can also make sure that all foods are behaviour and toxicity of various arsenic species. In prepared in clean water. recognition of the extent and severity of Arsenic poisoning in most countries worldwide. International If we work in industries, that use arsenic, we Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health should take extra precautions. Bring water from home, devotes this special issue to recent findings on and wear a mask to reduce accidental arsenic \u201cArsenic in drinking water : current perspectives''.A inhalation. wide range of topics will be included in thus issue, these are : While traveling, consider drinking bottled 1. Arsenic in irrigation water and its impacts on food, water only. qqq n 119","\u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00af\u00ab\u220f\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u0153 2022-23 Article ROLE OF PARENTS IN ACADEMIC TRANSITION OF THE STUDENTS Dipanjali Das D.El.Ed. 2nd Semester Parents who take a keen interest in their children\u2019s education are more likely to create successful adults.Achild\u2019s first learning institution is his or her home. Children learn the most from their parents and the environment in which they are raised. Parents play a vital role in the education of their children. Students cannot achieve full potential unless their parents are actively involved in their education. Parents play a crucial role in supporting their child\u2019s academic transition. During this period, students often face new challenges and adjustments as they progress from one academic level to another, such as starting elementary school, middle school, high school, or even college. Here are some specific ways in which parents can support their children during their child\u2019s academic transition: Preparing And Planning : Parents can help their child prepare for the academic transition by gathering information about the new school, curriculum, and academic expectations. They can engage in discussions with their child about the upcoming changes and address any concerns or questions they may have. Planning ahead can alleviate anxiety and provide a sense of readiness for the transition. HomeworkAnd Study Habits : Parents can help their child establish effective homework and study habits. They can provide a quiet and organized study space at home, set aside dedicated time for homework and offer guidance on prioritizing tasks and managing time effectively.These practices promote a seamless academic transition by ensuring that the child remains engaged and committed to their studies. Emotional Support : Academic transition can be accompanied by stress and anxiety for students. Parents can provide emotional support by listening to their children\u2019s concern, empathizing with their feelings, and reassuring them that it\u2019s normal to feel apprehensive about change. Encouragement and positive reinforcement can help boost their confidence. n 120","\u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00af\u00ab\u220f\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u0153 2022-23 Monitoring Progress : Parents can monitor their responsibilities and expectations for students. Parents child\u2019s academic progress by reviewing assignments, can encourage independence by gradually giving their tests, and report cards. Regularly discussing academic children more responsibilities for managing their performance with their child helps identify areas of schoolwork. Such as organizing assignments, managing strength and areas that may require additional support deadlines, and advocating for themselves when or intervention. By staying involved in their child\u2019s needed. This helps students develop important skills academic journey, parents can address challenges for academic success and self \u2013reliance. proactively and provide the necessary assistance. Provide Resources And Educational Support : Communication With Teachers : Parents should Parents can actively support their child\u2019s learning by establish open lines of communication with their providing appropriate resources, such as books, children\u2019s teachers. Regularly attending parent teacher educational apps, or online resources that supplement meetings, staying informed about curriculum changes, the curriculum. They can also help with homework, and discussing their child\u2019s progress can help parents review assignments, and provide guidance when understand what to expect and how to support their needed. Taking an interest in their child\u2019s education child academically. sends a message that learning is important and valued. Establish Routines And Structure : As students Foster A Positive Attitude Towards Learning : transition to a new academic level, it\u2019s important to Parents can cultivate a positive attitude towards establish consistent routines and structure at home. learning by encouraging curiosity, praising effort, and This includes setting regular study times; creating a celebrating achievements. They can help their children quiet and well equipped study space and helping see the value of joy of acquiring knowledge, exploring children prioritize their academic responsibilities. Clear new ideas, and overcoming challenges. A positive expectations and consistent routine can provide a attitude towards learning can motivate students to sense of stability and help students stay organized. embrace their academic transition with enthusiasm. Collaboration With School : Parents can actively Remember, every child is unique, and their engage with the school community to support their needs may vary during the academic transition. It\u2019s child\u2019s academic transition.This may involve attending important for parents to observe and understand their orientation programs, volunteering at school events, child\u2019s individual circumstances and provide or joining parent teacher associations. Collaborating personalized support accordingly. By actively engaging with the school can help parents understand the in their child\u2019s education and providing necessary academic environment, build relationship with teachers support, parents can significantly contribute to a and staff, and stay informed about important updates smooth and successful academic transition. Parents and resources. involvement is one key factor that has been consistently related to a student\u2019s increased academic Encourage Independence And Responsibility : performance. 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This beautiful state is full of breathtaking landscapes, vibrant cultures, and diverse flora and fauna. Recently, my family and I had the opportunity to take a day trip to Arunachal Pradesh, where we visited two towns, Dambuk and Pasighat. Our journey began early in the morning, as we boarded our car and headed towards Dambuk. The drive was long and winding, but the views of the lush green forests and the gushing rivers made it worthwhile. We arrived in Dambuk around noon and were welcomed by the friendly locals who were dressed in traditional attire. Dambuk is a small town known for its orange orchards and traditional bamboo houses. To our luck, it was also the time of the Orange Festival, which is held there annually. It is a celebration of the orange harvest in the region, and it is a time when locals and tourists come together to enjoy music, food, and various adventure activities. The festival includes events such as river rafting, dirt bik- ing,ATV rides, and bungee jumping, which add to the excitement of the festi- n 128","\u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00af\u00ab\u220f\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u0153 2022-23 val. The atmosphere is filled with energy and enthusi- festivals. Solung,Aran, and Etor are important festi- asm, and it is a time when people from all walks of vals. life come together to enjoy the festivities. One of the most prominent landmarks in After exploring Dambuk for a while, we Pasighat is the Daying EringWildlife Sanctuary, which headed towards Pasighat, which is a larger town lo- is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna. It is cated along the Siang river. Pasighat has a rich his- home to two of the great cats-the Tiger and the Leop- tory and is considered the oldest town in Arunachal ard, the endangered Takin, Hoolock Gibbon, Red Pradesh. The town was established by the British in Panda, Slow Lories and Capped Langur.Apart from the early 1900s and was a hub of economic activity these animals, wild buffaloes, wild elephants, Hog Deer during the colonial era. The drive from Dambuk to etc. are found here in abundance. The Sanctuary is Pasighat was even more picturesque, as we passed also home to a species of resident birds and a haven by dense forests, waterfalls, and numerous small vil- to different species of migrating birds. lages. Upon reaching Pasighat, we were mesmerized by the beauty of the Siang river, which flowed grace- As the sun began to set, we headed back to- fully through the town. The river is a sight to behold, wards our car and started our journey back home. with its turquoise blue waters and rocky banks. We The drive back was equally scenic, and we were for- spent some time admiring the river and taking pic- tunate enough to witness a beautiful sunset over the tures before heading to a local restaurant for lunch. mountains. The local cuisine is unique and delicious, and We arrived back home late in the night, ex- it is a blend of different cultures and traditions.After hausted but contented after a day full of adventures lunch, we visited some local shops and markets, where and memories. we bought some souvenirs and interacted with the friendly locals. The people of Arunachal are warm In conclusion, our one-day trip toArunachal and hospitable, and they welcome tourists with open Pradesh was an incredible experience that we will arms. They are proud of their culture and heritage, cherish for years to come. It is a place where one can and they are happy to share it with visitors. enjoy the beauty of nature, indulge in adventure ac- tivities, and immerse oneself in the local culture. It is a The people of Pasighat celebrate a variety of must-visit destination for anyone who loves the out- doors and wants to explore the unexplored. qqq n 129","\u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00af\u00ab\u220f\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u0153 2022-23 \u00f8\u02c6\u00aci\u00df\u00b8\u22481\u0153 Teaching Poetry Swapnali Baruah Lecturer Poetry is a part of literature. The main aim of teaching poetry is to provide literary appreciation. Poetry aims to give the pupils the language skills and let them enjoy the aesthetic sense through the poems.William Wordsworth has said \u201cPoetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings\u201d. Poetry lessons in English develops pupil\u2019s favourable attitude towards learning the second language. In school, teaching of English gives importance to acquire language skills. The aims of teaching poetry are: l To make the pupils appreciate the beauty of the poem. l To make the pupils understand and appreciate the thoughts and idea of the poem. l To make them enjoy the recitation of the poem. l To develop pupil\u2019s interest in literature. l To make the pupils recite the poem with proper rhyme and rhythm. l To communicate to the pupils the message of the poet in the poem. Children are always delighted by the rhyme and rhythmic activities of the poems. The poems should be simple and interesting for the pupils to learn. Poetry lessons improves pupil\u2019s pronunciation.While teaching poetry the teacher should: l Make the pupils enjoy the poem. l Recite the verse as a song. l Avoid moral of the poem. l Not give word to word meaning of the poem. While teaching poetry lessons : l The teacher creates pre reciting session by using teaching aids and tells something about the poem in simple English. l The teacher gives model recitation of the poem with proper rhythm and stress. l The teacher explains the difficult words for proper understanding of the poem. l The teacher gives model recitation for the second time. l Some pupils are asked to recite the poem and teacher corrects their mistakes in the recitation process. l The teacher tries to find the problems of the pupils in understanding the poem. l To check if the pupils have understood the poem, the teacher asks them comprehension questions. l Lastly, the teacher gives them home assignment such as to memorize the poem, or write a summary of the poem etc. qqq n 130","\u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00af\u00ab\u220f\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u0153 2022-23 \u00a2\u2202L\u00f6 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\u00ce\u25ca\u00ac\u00ac\u00db\u02d8\u00f8t \ufb02\u00a11\u00b1\u00c0\u00c8\u00ac\u00b1 \u0152\u00d3\u00ac\u00c0\u2021\u00d3\u00ac1 \ufb02\u00a1\u00b1\u02dc\u2026 \u2019\u00b1\u00f8\u00c2\u221a\u02d8\u00ba 1987 crushed, swelled and crushed.\\\" (\u00ac\u00db\u2018\u00e1\u00ac\u00b1 - 130) \u02dc\u00b1\ufb02\u00a11 \u2030\u00ac\u00da1 \u2019\u00c0\\\"\u221a\u00b1\u00ac\u01311 \u2019\u00d4\u00ac\u0131\u00b1 \u00da\u00c0\u00ac\u0131\u2022\u00a71 \u02dc\u00b1\u02dd\u221a1 \u00a4\ufb02\u00a1 \u00d9\u00ac1\ufb02\u00a1\u00b1\u02d8 \u00ac\u00db\u2248\u00aa\u00b1 \u0152\u02d8\u02dd\u221a\u25ca\u02d8\u00b1 \u00b8\u02dc\u00a2\u2202 \u00d2\u2026\u00b1\u00da \u0152\ufb02\u00a1f\u0153\u02c6\u201d\u00ac\u00d3\u00ac \u2019\u00b1\u00f8\u00c2\u221a\u02d8 \u02dc\u2248\u00ca\u221a\u00b1\u00f8\u02dd\u221a\uf8ff\u221a\u0153\u00da \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u02dd\u221a\u00da\u0153\u00d3\u00ac \u0152\u02da\u00b1\u00b7\uf8ff\u221a\u00b1\u00da \u2019\u00b11n\u220f \u00d3\u00ac\u00b1\u00f81\ufb02\u00a1\ufb02\u00a1 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\u2019\u00b1\u00d9\u00ac\u00b7\u00b1\u00f8\u00da\u00f4\u00b6\u00b1\u00da\u00d3\u00ac \u00d3\u00ac\u00b1\u02dd\u221a\u25ca1 \u00f5\u2202\u00c0\u02da\u02db\u00b1\u00ca\u221a\u00da \u2019\u00b1\u00d9\u00ac\u00b7\u00b1\u00f8\u00da\u00f4\u00b6\u00b1\u00da1 \u00ac\u00db\u00f81\u00f8\u00b6\u00f6\u00f8\u00d3\u00ac \u00f8\uf8ff\u221a\u00da\ufb02\u00a1 \u00f8\uf8ff\u221a\u00c0\u00da \u0152\u00ac\u0131\u02da\u02db\u00b11 \u00d9\u00ac\u00b1\u02d8\u00d5\u02d8 \u00cf\u00ac\u00b1\u02d8 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u00c2\u221a\u00ba \u0152\uf8ff\u221a\u00ce\u25ca\u00ac\u00d3\u00ac\u00b1\u00c0\ufb02\u00a1 \u0152\ufb02\u00a1\u00b1\u00aa\u00b1 \u00a4\u00af\u220f\u00b11 \ufb02\u00a1\u00d4\u00b1 \u0152\u02d8\u02dd\u221a\u25ca\u02d8\u00b11 \ufb02\u00a1\u00b1\u00cc\u00d3\u00ac \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00ca\u221a \u2021\u00b1\u02dd\u221a\u25ca\u00f8\u00c2\u221a\u02d8\u00ba \u00da\u00b11\u0153 \u2030\u00ac\u00f81S\u00b8\u02dc\u201d\u00c0\u02dd\u221a \u00a4\u02dd\u221a\u25ca \u00f8\u00ac\u0131\u00af\u220f\u00c0\u02da\u02db \u00ce\u25ca\u00ac\u00ac\u00db\u02d8\u00f8t \u00da\ufb02\u00a11\u00b1\u00d5\ufb02\u00a1 \u00d4\ufb02\u00a1\u00b1 \u00ce\u00ac\u25ca \u00f8\u00cd\u00ac\u00f8\u00c2\u221a\u02d8, \u00ecI know this about you.And I also know that \u00da\u00b1\u00f8\u00c2\u221a\u02d8\u00ba \u00a4\u00d9\u00ac\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8 \u00b8\u2014\u00b8\u00b111 \u00f8\u00d3\u00acM\u00ea\u00d3\u00ac\u00b1, \u2019\u00b1\u00da\u00d9\u00ac\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8 \u02da\u2248X\u02dd\u221a\u25ca \u2019\u00b1\u00f8\u00da \u00f8\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db\u00b1 \u2019\u02c6\u00ac\u00b1\u00aa-\u2019\u00da\u00b1\u00c8\u00ac\u00da\u00ba \u201a11 \u00f8\u02c6\u00ac\u00d3\u00ac1\u00d3\u00ac \u2019\u00b1\u00ac\u0131X \u02dc\u00f81\u02da\u02db\u02dc-\u00c0\u02d8\u02dd\u221a\u25ca\u02d8\u00b11 \uf8ff\u221a\u00c01 what when this war is over, Afghanistan is going to \u02dd\u221a\u00b1\u00ca\u221a\u00b11 \u02dd\u221a\u00b1\u00ca\u221a\u00b11 \u00da\u00b11\u0153\u00c0\u02da\u02db \u00d3\u00ac\u00b1\u00f8\u02d8\u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00da \u02d9\u00b1\u00b8\u00da1 \ufb02\u00a1\u2248\u00d9\u00ac\u02d8 \u00ac\u0131\u00b11n\u220f\u00d5\ufb02\u00a1\u00c0\u02da\u02db \u02c6\u201d\u00ac\u00f8\u00b7\u00f8\u00c2\u221a\u02d8\u00ba need you.\u00ee [\u00db\u2018\u00e1\u00ac\u00b1 - 103] \u00a4\u00ac\u0131\u00c2\u221a1\ufb02\u00a1\u00b1\u02d8 \ufb02\u00a1\u00b1\u00ac\u0131\u2248\u02d81 \u00ac\u00db1\u00b1 \u2019\u201c\u00b1\u00d3\u00ac1\u00d3\u00ac \u00d4\ufb02\u00a1\u00b1 \u0152\u02d8\u02dd\u221a\u25ca\u02d8\u00b1 \u00b8\u00ac\u00db\u00f81\u02da\u02db\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8 \u201a\u201d\u00f81 \u2019\u00b1\u00f8\u02dd\u221a\u00f8\u00c2\u221a\u02d8\u00ba \u00f8\u00ac\u0131\u00f9\u00b4\u00f8\u00ac\u0131\uf8ff\u221a\u2026\u00b1\u02d8\u02da\u02db1 \u00f8\u02d9\u00e9\u00ac\u00b1\u00c01 \u00f8\u02d9\u00f8\u00e9\u00ac\u00d3\u00ac \u02dd\u221a\u00b1\u00f8\ufb02\u00a1\u00c0\u02dc \u00a4\u00b8\u02dc\u02da\u02db\u00d3\u00ac \u00f8\u02d9\u00e9\u00ac\ufb02\u00a1\u00d3\u00ac\u00b1 \ufb02\u00a1\u00f81\u00f8\u00c2\u221a\u02d8\u00ba \u00b6a\u0153\u00f8\u02d9\u00e9\u00ac\u00b11 \u0152\u00ac\u00db\u00b1\u00af\u220f\ufb02\u00a1\u00d3\u00ac\u00b1 \ufb02\u00a11\u00b1 \u02dd\u221a\u00b1\u00f8\ufb02\u00a1\u02dc \u00a4\u00ca\u221a\u00da \u2019\u00b1\u00d2\u2248\u00f8\u00da\ufb02\u00a1 \u02dc\u00da1 \u02dc\u00b1\u00da\u2248\u02dd\u221a\u00ba \u201a1\u2021\u00da1 \u00f8\u00da\u02dc\u00b1\u203a\u02dc\u00b1\u203a \u00ac\u00db\u00f81\u00c0\u00aa\u02d9\u00d3\u00ac \u02dd\u221a\u00b1\u00f8\ufb02\u00a1\u02dc \u2019\u00b11n\u220f \u0152\u02d8\u02dd\u221a\u25ca\u02d8\u00b1 \u00ac\u00db1\u00b6\u00db11 \u2019\u00b1|\u02da\u02db\u00b6\u00a71+\u00ac\u00db \u2019\u00b1\u00f8\u00c2\u221a\u02d8\u00ba \u2019\u00b1\u00d2\u2248\u00f8\u00da\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00d9\u00ac\u00b7\u00b1\u00f8\u00da\u00f4\u00b6\u00b1\u00da\u00d3\u00ac \u00f8\u02d9\u00f8\u00e9\u00ac\u00d3\u00ac\u00b1 \u00da\u00b11\u01531 \u00f5\u2202\u00c0\u02da\u02db\u00b1\u00ca\u221a\u00da\u0153\u02da\u02db\u00d3\u00ac\u00b11 \u0152\u00d3\u00ac\u203a\u201c \u00ce\u25ca\u00ac\u00ac\u00db\u02d8\u00f8t n 133","\u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00af\u00ab\u220f\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u0153 2022-23 \u02dc\u2248\u00ca\u221a\u00b1\u00f8\u02dd\u221a\uf8ff\u221a\u0153\u00da1 \u2019\u00b1\u00f8\u00ac\u0131\u02c6\u00ac\u00ab\u00b1\u00aa1 \u00b8\u02dc\u02da\u02db\u00d3\u00ac \u0152\u02d8\u02dd\u221a\u25ca\u02d8\u00b11 \u02dc\u00b1\ufb02\u00a1 \u00d9\u00ac\u00b1\u00f81\u00ac\u0131\u00b11 \u00f8\u02d9q\u02dd\u221a\u201c\u00d3\u00ac1 \u02dd\u221a\u00b1\u00d3\u00ac\u00d3\u00ac \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u00a2\u00fc\u02da\u02db\u00b1\u00b6a \u00d3\u2248\u00ac\u00f8\u02d8 \u00f8\uf8ff\u221a \u00d2\u02dc\u00ab\u00b1g \u00f8\u02dd\u221a\u2014\u00b8\u00b11 \u00ac\u00db\u00b1\u00cd\u00ac \u00ac\u00db\u00c0\u00cf\u00ac\u02c7\u00b1\u00aa\u00b11 \uf8ff\u221a\u00c01 \u2019\u00b1\u00da \u00ac\u0131U\u00c0\u00d3\u00ac\u00b1 \u00da\u00b11\u01531 \u2019\u00b1\u02d9\u00b1 \u00ca\u221a\u00b1\u00f8\u00b7 \u00ce\u25ca\u00ac\u00f8\u00cd\u00ac\u00f8\u00c2\u221a\u02d8\u00ba \\\"I want to see \u00ac\u0131\u2026\u00aa\u00b6\u00f6\u00b1 \ufb02\u00a11\u00b1 \u02dd\u221a\u00ed\u02d8\u00ba \u02dd\u221a\u25ca\u02dc\u00b1\u00da\u00c0\u00ac\u0131\u00b111 \u02dc\u00b1\u00ca\u221a\u00c0\u00d3\u00ac\u00b1 \u02dd\u221a\u00b1\u00f8\ufb02\u00a1\u02dc, \u00ca\u221a\u00b1\u02dc\u00b1\u00da\u02dd\u221a\u201c\u00d3\u00ac1 \uf8ff\u221a\u00c01 \u00ac\u0131U \uf8ff\u201d\u221a1\uf8ff\u221a\u02d9\u00ab\u0153 \u0152\u02d8\u00b1\u00c0\ufb02\u00a1 \u00ac\u0131\u2248\u00f8\u00ca\u221a\u00f8\u00c2\u221a\u02d8, \u00a4\u00f8\uf8ff\u221a\u00da \u00da\u02dd\u221a\u02da\u02db \u00a4\u00f8\uf8ff\u221a\u00da \u0152\uf8ff\u221a\u02d91 \u00b8\u201d\u02da\u00ab the day the Soviets go home disgraced, the day \u00ac\u00db\u2248\u00da1 \u00ce\u25ca\u00ac\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db \u02dd\u221a\u00ed\u00ac\u0131\u00ba \u2019\u00b11n\u220f \u0152\u00b8\u02dd\u221a\u25ca\u00f8\uf8ff\u221a\u00da\u00b1 \u2019\u00b6a\u00d2\u00b11\u0153\u02dd\u221a\u201c\u00d3\u00ac1 \u00cd\u00ac\u00b1\u02dd\u221a\u25ca \u00a2\u2202\u02dd\u221a\u00cc \ufb02\u00a1\u00f81\u00ac\u0131 \u02d8\u00b1\u00f8\u00b7\u00ac\u0131 \u00f8\u02d9\u00f8\u00e9\u00ac\u00d3\u00ac \u00da\u00aa \u00f5\u2202\u00ca\u221aij\u02dd\u221a\u25ca\u00ba Mujahideen come to Kabul in victory.\\\" \u00f8\ufb02\u00a1c \u0152\u00c2\u221a\u00b1\u00f8\u02c6\u00ac\u00c0\u02da\u00c8\u02db \u00ac \u02dd\u221a\u25ca\u00ce\u25ca\u00ac\u00f8\u00da\u02da\u02db\u00da1 \u00ac\u00db\u00d3\u00ac\u00da1 \u00f8\u00ac\u00db\u00c2\u221a\u00d3\u00ac \u2019\u00b1\u00d9\u00ac\u00b7\u00b1\u00f8\u00da\u00f4\u00b6\u00b1\u00da\u00d3\u00ac \u0152\u02dd\u221a\u00b1\u00aa\u00b1 \u00b7\u2018\u02dd\u221a\u02da\u2248X\u02dd\u221a\u25ca \u00f8\u2030\u00ac\u00f8\ufb02\u00a1\u00bb\u00b8\u00b1 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\u00b6\u00db\u02d9\u00ab\u00b1\u00da\u2248\u02c6\u201d\u00ac\u00f8\u00d3\u00ac \u0152\u00da\u00b1\u00c0\u00ac\u00db\u00b1\u00aa\u00b11 \u0152\u00ac\u0131\uf8ff\u221a\u00da\u00b1\u00d3\u00ac \u0152\u00d3\u00ac\u00f8\u00d3\u00ac\u02da\u02db\u00b1 \u00ac\u0131\u2248\ufb02\u2248\u00a1\u2021\u00da \u0152\u00d3\u00ac\u00b1\u02dc\u00b11 \u2019\u00b11n\u220f \u0152\u00ac\u0131\u00b1\ufb02\u00a1\u00b1\u02dc\u00b1\u00f8\u00c8\u00ac\u00c01 \u00f8\u02d85 \u0152\uf8ff\u221a\u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\u00d3\u00ac\u00b11 \u02d91\u01531\u00c0\u00c8\u00ac\u00b1\u00c0\u00aa \u00f8\u00ac\u0131\u00c0^\u00b1\u02dd\u221a\u0153 \u2206\u02dd\u221a \u00da\u2248\u00c0\u00cd\u00ac\u00c0\u00da \u02dc\u00b1\u2211 \u0152\u00d3\u00ac\u00b1\u02dc\u00b1\ufb02\u00a1 \u00f8\u00ac\u0131\u02d8\u00b1\u02dd\u25ca\u221a\u00f8\u00c2\u221a\u02d8 \u00ac\u00db\u00b1\u00f81\u00ca\u221a\u00b1\u00d3\u00ac1 \u00b8\u2248\u00b7\u00f8g \u02dc\u00b1, \u02dc\u00b1, \u0152\ufb02\u00a1\u00c0\u00da\u00d5\ufb02\u00a1\u00c0\u00da\u00b1 \u0152\u00b8\u00b1\u00c0\u00d2\u201c\u00b1 \u0152\u00d3\u00ac\u00b1\u02dc\u00b1\ufb02\u00a1 \u00d3\u2248\u00ac\u00f8\u02dc \u00ac\u0131\u00b11n\u220f \u2019\u00f8\u00f4L\u02dc\u00ac\u0131\u00b11\u00d5\u02d8 \u0152\ufb02\u00a1\u00f8\u00d3\u00ac\u02da\u02db\u00b1 \u02dd\u201c\u221a\u00b1\u00f8\u02dd\u221a\u00f8\u00c2\u221a\u02d8\u00b1\u2211 \u00ac\u0131\u00b8\u00f4L\u00d3\u00ac \u02d8\u00cd\u00ac\u201e\u221a\u00b1 \u2030\u00ac\u00b1\u02d8\u00c0\u00ac\u0131\u00b11\u00d3\u00ac \u2019\u00ed \u02dc\u00da\u00d3\u00ac \u00ac\u00db\u00f81\u00c0\u00c2\u221a, \ufb02\u2248\u00a1\u201c\u00f8\u02dd\u221a\u00ac\u00db\u00b1\u00d3\u00ac \u0152\u02dc\u02d8\u00b11 \ufb02\u00a1\u00d4\u00b1\u00ba n 148","\u00f8\u00ac\u0131\ufb02\u00a1\u00f8\u02d9\u00d3\u00ac \u00ce\u00ac\u25ca\uf8ff\u221a\u02da\u02db, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00af\u00ab\u220f\ufb02\u00a1 \u2019\u00b1\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u0153 2022-23 \u00f8\u00da\u00c0\u02d8\u00b1\u00bb\u00ac\u00db\u02d8 \u0152\u2030\u00ac\u00f8\u00d3\u00ac\u02da\u02db\u00b1 UNHEARD CRIES \u00f8\u00ac\u0131.\u00a4\u00ce\u00ac. \u2030\u00ac\u00d3\u2248\u00ac\u00d4\u00ab \u00af\u220f\u00b1ij\u00b1\u00f8\u00b8\ufb02\u00a1 Sumanjit Kaur \u0152\u00d2\u201c\u00b1\u00aa\u00b1 \u2019\u00b11n\u220f \u00c2\u221a\u201c\u00b1\u02dd\u221a\u25ca \u00ce\u25ca\u00ac\u02d8\u00f8\u02dc \u00d4\ufb02\u00a1\u00b1 B.Ed 2nd Semester \u00a4\u02d8\u00b1i\u00a7\u2248+\ufb02\u00a1\u02d8\u0153\u02da\u02db\u00b1 \u00ac\u01311\u201a1\u00c0\u00c8\u00ac\u00b1\u00d3\u00ac \u00a4\u00f8\u00d3\u00ac\u02da\u02db\u00b1 \u0152\u02dc\u00b11 \u00b6\u00f6\u00b1\u00da \u00da\u00b1\u02dd\u221a\u25ca, A day we are waiting eagerly \ufb02\u00a1\u00b11\u00cc \u02dc\u02dd\u221a\u25ca \u00da\u00d3\u2248\u00ac\u00da A thing we are longing so much \u00da\u00d3\u2248\u00ac\u00da \u02da\u2248\u00b71 \u00da\u00d3\u2248\u00ac\u00da \u00ac\u00db\u22481n\u220f\u00af\u220f \u2019\u00b11n\u220f Aprayer, when God will fulfill \u00f8\u00ac\u0131:\u00b1\u00da1 \u0152\u00cf\u00ac\u00c3\u00d3\u00ac \u203a\u00ac\u00db\u201e\u221a\u00b1 \u00f8\u02d9\u02d8\u00ba A drop of tear when someone will value \u0152\u02dc\u00c3\u02dc\u00b1\u00f8\u20211 &\u00cc -&\u00cc Why this cruel world is pushing the needful? \u00ac\u0131\u00b1 \u0152\u02c6\u00ac\u00da\u00b1 \u02dc\u00b1\u00f8\u20211 \u02c6\u2248\u00ac\u00da-\u02c6\u2248\u00ac\u00da and taking the opportunity of their silence. \u0152\u02dc\u00b11 \ufb02\u00a1\u00b1\u00cc1 \u00ac\u00db\u00f81\u00b8\u0153\u02dc\u00b11 \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u02dd\u221a1\u00d3\u00ac, Why they are hurting the innocent? \ufb02\u00a1\u00b11\u00cc \u02dc\u02dd\u221a\u25ca \u00f8\u00ac\u0131\ufb02\u00a1\u00f8\u02d9\u00d3\u00ac \u00b8\u02dc\u02da\u02db1 and making them feel there is no one. \u00f8\u00ac\u0131\ufb02\u00a1\u00f8\u02d9\u00d3\u00ac \u0152\u2021\u00b1\u00ca\u221a1 \u00ac\u00db\u00f8\u00d4\ufb02\u00a1 \u00f8\u00ac\u0131:\u00b1\u00da1 \u0152\u00cf\u00ac\u00c3\u00aa\u00b1\u02d8 \u00b8\u00b1\u00b711\u00ba All the colours are fading. for those who are helpless. \u00d3\u00ac1\u00b1\u00d9\u2248\u00ac\u02d8\u0153\u02da\u02db\u00b1 \u2019\u00b1\ufb02\u00a1\u00b1\u02d91 \u00d3\u00ac\u02d8\u00d3\u00ac \ufb02\u00a1\ufb02\u00a1\u00b11 \u00b8\u00b1\u00d2\u2248 No one ever cares, \u00ac\u0131\u00b1 \u2019\u00b1\u02dd\u221a\u25ca\u00d3\u00ac\u00b11 \u00d3\u00ac\u00b1\u02dc\u2248\u02d8\u00da\u0153 \u02dc\u2248\u20211 1\u201e\u221a\u00b1 \u2030\u2248\u00ac\u02dc\u00b11 \u02d8\u00b7\u00d3\u00ac for their pain and agony. \u00f8\u2030\u00ac\u00da\u00b1\ufb02\u00a1\u0153 \u00da\u02dd\u221a\u203a\u201c \u02dc\u02dd\u221a\u25ca \u00ac\u0131U \u02da\u2248\u00b71 \u00ac\u00db1\u00b1, \ufb02\u00a1\u00b11\u00cc \u02dc\u02dd\u221a\u25ca \u0152\u00d2\u201c\u00b1\u00aa\u00b1 \u2019\u00b11n\u220f \u00c2\u221a\u201c\u00b1\u02dd\u221a\u25ca \u203a\u02d8\u00f8\u02dc \u00d4\ufb02\u00a1\u00b1 Day by day the cruel world, \u00a4\u02d8\u00b1i\u00a7\u2248+\ufb02\u00a1\u02d8\u0153\u02da\u02db\u00b1 \u201a11 \u00ac\u0131\u00b1\u00f8\u00b8\u00b5\u00b1 \u00da\u02dd\u221a\u203a\u201c is pushing the poor to the edge. \u00da\u02dd\u221a\u203a\u201c \u02dc\u02dd\u221a\u25ca \u0152\u00b8\u02dd\u221a\u25ca \u02da\u2248\u00b71\u00ba Leaving no single hope. of turning back to their page. Cries are heard day and night Of thousands we ignore. But a helping hand is one of the thousands, who tries to reach their door. When the day will come that we are waiting eagerly. Then the man will find HEAVEN on this earth only. n 149"]