Super 20 Sample Papers for Tamil Nadu Board for 2022 Combined Book Class 10

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10 Tamil Nadu SAMPLE PAPERS Combined Book for All Subjects jĜ*English*Mathematics*Science*Social Science FULL MARKS PVT LTD (Progressive Educational Publishers) CHENNAI - 600 017

jÄœ Édh¤jhŸ totik¥ò (2022 - bghJ¤ nj®îfS¡fhd Fiw¡f¥g£l ghl¤â£l«) ÉilaË¡f¥ Édh¡fË‹ tif kâ¥bg© glnt©oa bkh¤j xU kâ¥bg© Édh¡fŸ Édh¡fË‹ kâ¥bg©fŸ v©Â¡if 1 15 15 FW Édh¡fŸ 29 18 áW Édh¡fŸ 36 18 áW Édh¡fŸ 55 25 beL Édh¡fŸ (c£ãÇîfSl‹) 83 24 bkh¤j« 100 100 bkh¤j kâ¥bg© f‰wÈ‹ neh¡f§fS¡fhd kâ¥bg© xJ¡ÑL t.v©. neh¡f« kâ¥bg© ÉG¡fhL 1. m¿ªJbfhŸSjš 30% 2. òǪJbfhŸSjš 40% 3. ga‹gL¤Jjš 20% 4. âwdiljš / gil¥gh‰wš 10% A-5

neu«: 3.00 k khâÇ Édh¤jhŸ - 1 kâ¥bg©fŸ: 100 (ÉilfSl‹) gFâ - I (kâ¥bg©fŸ: 15) (i) mid¤J Édh¡fS¡F« ÉilaË¡fî«. (ii) bfhL¡f¥g£l eh‹F ÉilfËš rÇahd ÉilÆid¤ nj®ªbjL¤J¡ F¿p£Ll‹ ÉilÆidí« nr®¤J vGJf. [15 × 1 = 15] (F¿¥ò: ÉilfŸ jo¤j vG¤âš cŸsd.) 1. kuŠbroÆÅ‹W ó ÑnH ÉGªj Ãiyia¡ F¿¡F« brhš vJ? (m) mU«ò (M) ky® (ï) å (<) br«kš 2. bgUkhŸ âUbkhÊ ehyhÆu¤ â›Éa¥ ãugªj¤âš ........................... âUbkhÊahf cŸsJ. (m) Iªjh« (M) _‹wh« (ï) ïu©lh« (<) eh‹fh« 3. bjhifÃiy¤ bjhl® ................................. tif¥gL«. (m) _‹W (M) eh‹F (ï) IªJ (<) MW 4. njtnea¥ ghthz® ...................................... v‹wiH¡f¥gL»wh®. (m) jÄœ¤bj‹wš (M) òu£á fÉP® (ï) bkhÊ PhÆW (<) njáa fÉk 5. “j®¡f¤â‰F m¥ghš” áWfij mikªj bjhF¥ò ............................. . (m) ÇÎ_y« (M) ífrªâ (ï) FUÕl« (<) xU ão nrhW 6. jÄÊd¤ij x‹WgL¤J« ïy¡»akhf k.bgh.á. fUâaJ .............. . (m) âU¡FwŸ (M) òweh}W (ï) f«guhkhaz« (<) áy¥gâfhu« 7. nt‰Wik¤ bjhifÆš nt‰Wik cUò ................................. tU«. (m) btË¥gilahf (M) kiwthf (ï) KjÈš (<) filáÆš 8. brŒFj«ã¥ ghtyÇ‹ mid¤J üšfS« .......................... M¡f¥g£LŸsJ. (m) muRilik (M) k¡fSilik (ï) eh£Lilik (<) bghJîilik 9. ‘ky®¡if’ v‹gjid cUtfkh¡»dhš ......................................... vd tU«. (m) g©ò¤bjhif (M) c«ik¤bjhif (ï) ctik¤bjhif (<) m‹bkhʤbjhif 10. _‹W fhy§fS¡F« bghUªJkhW miktJ .................................... MF«. (m) g©ò¤bjhif (M) c«ik¤bjhif (ï) Éid¤bjhif (<) m‹bkhʤbjhif 11. ó¡ifia¡ FɤJ¥ ónt òÇbthL fh¡f v‹W ................., ................. nt©odh®. (m) fUiza‹ vÈrbg¤J¡fhf (M) vÈrbg¤ jk¡fhf (ï) fUiza‹ ó¡fS¡fhf (<) vÈrbg¤ óÄ¡fhf ghliy¥ go¤J¥ ã‹tU« Édh¡fS¡F (12, 13, 14, 15) Éil jUf. ËWfhtš be¿ó©L be¿ašyJ ÃidahJ jªijÆšnyh® jªijah»íª jhaÇšnyh® jhauh»í« ikªjÇšbyhU ikªjuh»í« k‹DÆ® f£FÆuh»í« ÉÊbg‰w gabd‹dî« bkŒbg‰w mUbs‹dî« A-7

12. ï¥ghlÈš tªJŸs mo vJifia F¿¥ãLf. (m) jªij, ikªj® (M) ËW, ÃidahJ (ï) ikªjÇš, ikªjuhš (<) jahuh», f£FÆuh» 13. ï¥ghlÈš ïl« bg‰w cwî Kiw ahJ? (m) khk‹, m¤ij (M) á¤j‹, á¤â (ï) jªij, jhŒ (<) gh£o, jh¤jh 14. ikªjÇšyhj - ãǤJ vGJf. (m) ik + jÇ + ïšyhj (M) ikªJ + ïšyhj (ï) ikªj® + ïšyhj (<) ikªjÇ + ïšyhj 15. ï¥ghlš ïl« bg‰w üš vJ? (m) bkŒ¡Ñ®¤â (M) áy¥gâfhu« (ï) fhy¡fÂj« (<) Úâ bt©gh gFâ - II (kâ¥bg©fŸ: 18) ãÇî - 1 vitnaD« eh‹F Édh¡fS¡F k£L« FW»a ÉilaË¡f. [4 × 2 = 8] 21 MtJ ÉdhɉF¡ f£lhakhf ÉilaË¡f nt©L«. 16. Éil¡nf‰w Édh mik¡f. (m) ï‹g¤â‹ fjití«, J‹g¤â‹ fjití« âw¡F« mâra¤ âwînfhš eh¡F. (M) nru mur®fË‹ bfhil¥gâit gâ‰Wg¤âš fhzyh«. Éil: (m) ï‹g¤â‹ fjití«, J‹g¤â‹ fjití« âw¡F« mâra¤ âwînfhš vJ? (M) nru mur®fË‹ bfhil¥gâit vªj üÈš fhzyh«? 17. fÉP® r¢ájhdªjÅ‹ jÄœ¥gáia vGJf. • “rhF«nghJ« jÄœ go¤J¢ rhf nt©L«” v‹wh®. • “rh«gY« jÄœkzªJ ntfnt©L«” v‹gnj fÉP® r¢ájhdªjÅ‹ jÄœ¥gá MF«. 18. ghuâah® v›thbwšyh« ghuh£l¥g£lh®? ghuâah® ‘ÚLJÆš Ú¡f¥ ghotªj Ãyh’, ‘áªJ¡F¤ jªij’ ‘gh£L¡bfhU òyt‹’ vd¥ ghuh£l¥g£lh®. 19. kU¤Jt¤âš kUªJl‹ m‹ò« e«ã¡ifí« M‰W« gh§»id vGJf. • kU¤Jt® clÈš V‰g£l ò©iz¡ f¤âahš mW¤J¢ R£lhY« mJ e‹ik¡nf v‹W cz®ªJ nehahË mtiu neá¥gh®. • ɤJt¡nfh£oš vGªjUËÆU¡F« m‹idna! Ú§fhj J‹g¤ij vd¡F¤ jªjhY« c‹ moatdh»a eh‹ c‹ mUisna v¥bghGJ« vâ®gh®¤J thœ»‹nw‹. 20. k.bgh.á. v›thW ïy¡»a m¿it¥ bg‰wh®? • k.bgh.á. jhah® gƉWɤj m«khid¥ ghlšfis rªj ea¤njhL«, vJif nkhidnahL« gho¥gho ãŸis¥ gUt¤ânyna ïy¡»a m¿it ts®¤J¡ bfh©lh®. • brh‰bghÊîfis¡ nf£gj‹ _ykhfî« e‹F ïy¡»a m¿it¥ bg‰wh®. A-8 jÄœ - X

21. ‘ï‹ikÆ‹’ vd¤ bjhl§F« FwŸ vGJf. ï‹ikÆ‹ ï‹dhj âahbjÅ‹ ï‹ikÆ‹ ï‹ikna ï‹dh jJ • •ãÇî - 2 vitnaD« IªJ Édh¡fS¡F k£L« FW»a ÉilaË¡f. [5 × 2 = 10] • 22. ctikia¥ ga‹gL¤â brh‰bwhl® mik¡f. f©Âid¡ fh¡F« ïik nghy v‹ jhia¡ f©Âid¡ fh¡F« ïik nghy ghJfh¤nj‹. • 23. ghlÈš ïl« bg‰WŸs jÄœ¥ òyt®fË‹ bga®fis¡ f©l¿ªJ vGJf. “f«gD« f©nl¤J« ckW¥ òytiu vªj¡ bfh«gD« gÂí« mw«ghLŠ #thJ MRfÉia fhá«òytiu, Fz§ Foahiu nrfdh¥ òytiu brŒFj«ã¥ ghtyiu¢ Ó®jÄœ kw¡fhj‹nwh” (1) f«g‹ (2) ckW¥òyt® (3) fhá«òyt® (3) Fz§Foah® (4) nrfdh¥ òyt® (6) brŒFj«ã¥ghty® 24. mWRit - bjhif¢ brhšiy ÉǤJ vGâ jÄœ v©QU jUf. ïÅ¥ò, òË¥ò, fr¥ò, ct®¥ò, Jt®¥ò, fh®¥ò - (6) 25. fiy¢brh‰fŸ jUf. (1) Devotional Literature - g¡â ïy¡»a« (2) Folk Literature - eh£L¥òw ïy¡»a« 26. Ñœ¡fhQ« kuò¤ bjhlU¡fhd bghUs¿ªJ bjhl® mik¤J vGJf. Mw¥nghLjš vªj xU ãu¢rid tªjhY« Koîfis clnd vL¡f¡TlhJ. Mw¥nghLjš nt©L«. 27. bghU¤jkhd ÃW¤j¡F¿fis ïLf. g‰gy üšfis vGâÆU¥ãD« ïy¡fz tuyhW jÄÊir ïa¡f« jŤjÄœ ïa¡f« ghthz® tuyhW F©lynfá ciu ah¥gU§fy« ciu òw¤âu£L ciu âU¡FwŸ jÄœ kuòiu fh¡if ghoÅa ciu njtnea« KjÈad ït®j« jÄœ¥ gÂia¤ juKa®¤âa ešK¤JfŸ Éil: g‰gy üšfis vGâÆU¥ãD« ïy¡fz tuyhW, jÄÊir ïa¡f«, jŤjÄœ ïa¡f«, ghthz® tuyhW, F©lynfá ciu, ah¥gU§fy« ciu, òw¤âu£L ciu, âU¡FwŸ jÄœ kuòiu, fh¡if ghoÅa ciu, njtnea« KjÈad ït®j« jÄœ¥ gÂia¤ juKa®¤âa ešK¤JfŸ. 28. ciu¤j - gFgj cW¥ãy¡fz« jUf. ciu¤j = ciu + ¤ + ¤ + m ciu - gFâ ¤ - rªâ ¤ - ïwªj fhy ïilÃiy m - bgabu¢r ÉFâ khâÇ Édh¤jhŸ-1 A-9

gFâ - III (kâ¥bg©fŸ: 18) ãÇî - 1 vitnaD« ïu©L Édh¡fS¡F k£L« RU¡fkhf ÉilaË¡f. [2 × 3 = 6] 29. “jiyia¡ bfhL¤njD« jiyefiu¡ fh¥ngh«” ïl« R£o¥ bghUŸ És¡Ff. ïl«: nk‰f©l bjhl® khefuh£áÆ‹ áw¥ò¡ T£l¤âš khefu¤ jªij br§fštuha‹ K‹ÅiyÆš k.bgh. átPhd« T¿aJ. bghUŸ: MªâuhÉ‹ jiyefu« br‹idah¡f nt©L« v‹W Úâgâ thŠRÉ‹ fU¤ij v⮤J k.bgh,á. thâ£lh®. És¡f«: Mªâu khÃy« ãÇí«nghJ br‹id jh‹ mj‹ jiyefuhf ïU¡f nt©L« v‹W Mªâu¤ jiyt®fŸ fUâd®. mªehŸ Kjšt® ïuh#hÍ¡F ÃiyikÆ‹ ÔÉu¤ij cz®¤âanghJ, jiyef® fh¡f¤ j‹ Kjyik¢r® gjÉia¤ Jw¡fî« mt® K‹tªjh®. br‹id khfhz¤âÈUªJ ãǤJ Mªâu« miktj‰fhf V‰gL¤j¥g£oUªj Úâgâ thŠR jiyikÆyhd xU eg® Miza«, Mªâu¤â‹ jiyefuhf¢ br‹id ïU¡f nt©L« v‹w ïil¡fhy V‰gh£oid¥ gǪJiu¤âU¥gjhf mâfhu¥ó®tk‰w fU¤JfŸ ÃyÉd. ïijbah£o, k.bgh.á khefuh£áÆ‹ áw¥ò¡ T£lbkh‹iw m¥nghija khefu¤ jªij br§fštuha‹ jiyikÆš T£o, br‹id g‰¿a Ô®khdbkh‹iw K‹bkhʪJ, “jiyia¡ bfhL¤njD« jiyefiu¡ fh¥ngh«” v‹W KH§»dh®. 30. r§f fhy¤â‹ bfhilÆ‹ áw¥ò v¤jifaJ? jÄH®fË‹ bfhil: åu¤ij¥ nghynt bfhilí« jÄH®fshš ÉU«g¥g£lJ. xU kÅj‹ j‹Dila k»œ¢áia kwªJ k‰wt® k»œ¢áia ehLtJjh‹ c©ikahd k»œ¢á. mjhtJ j‹ k»œ¢áia kw¥gJjh‹ k»œ¢á. bršt¤â‹ gand <jš JŒ¥ng« vÅnd j£òe gynt - (òw«) v‹wh® kJiu¡ fz¡fhadh® kfdh® e¡Ñudh®. gHªjÄH® bfhilkh£á: • bfhilÆ‹ áw¥ghš tŸsš vGt® ngh‰w¥gLtJ, gHªjÄH® bfhil kh£áia¥ òy¥gL¤J»wJ. •• vGtÇ‹ bfhil¥ bgUik áWghzh‰W¥gilÆY«, bgUŠá¤âudh® ghlÈY« gâî brŒa¥g£oU¥gJ F¿¥ãl¤j¡fJ. • M‰W¥gil ïy¡»a§fŸ, bfhil ïy¡»a§fshfnt cŸsd. gâ‰W¥g¤J nru mur®fË‹ bfhil¥ gâthfnt cŸsJ. •• tŸsÈ‹ bghUŸ ïutyÅ‹ bghUŸ; tŸsÈ‹ tWik ïutyÅ‹ tWik v‹W bgU«gJkdh® F¿¥ãL»wh®. A-10 jÄœ - X

31. ciu¥g¤âia¥ go¤J Édh¡fS¡F Éil jUf. cyfnk tWikí‰whY« bfhL¥gt‹ mâa‹ v‹»wh® xsitah®. ïuty® tuhÉ£lhY« mt®fis¤ njo tutiH¤jš MLnfh£gh£L¢ nruyhjÅ‹ ïašò v‹»wh® e¢brŸisah®. ngf‹ kWik neh¡»¡ bfhL¡fhjt‹ v‹»wh® guz®. j‹id eho tªj gÇáy‹ bghUŸ bgwhkš âU«òtJ, jh‹ eh£il ïHªj J‹g¤ijÉl¥ bgUªJ‹g« vd¡ Fk™‹ tUªâajhf¥ bgUªjiy¢ rh¤jdh® F¿¥ã£LŸsh®. všyht‰iwí« bfhL¥gt‹ v‹W kiyakh‹ âUKo¡fhÇia¡ fãy® ghuh£L»wh®. òw ïy¡»a§fËš k£Lk‹¿ mf ïy¡»a§fËY« <jš g‰¿a brŒâfŸ ïl«bg‰WŸsd. <ahik ïÊî, ïu¥ngh®¡F <ahJ thœjiyÉl cÆiu É£LÉLjš nkyhdJ v‹bwšyh« fȤbjhifÆš Tw¥g£LŸsJ. tŸsšfŸ k£Lk‹¿¥ òyt®fS« <ªJ k»œªjij ïy¡»a« gâî brŒJŸsJ. jh‹ bg‰wij¥ ãwU¡F tH§F« bgUŠá¤âudhÇ‹ ngUŸs« òweh}‰¿š òy¥gL¤j¥g£oU¡»wJ. 1. cyfnk tWikí‰whY« bfhL¥gt‹ ah®? mâa‹. 2. ïuty® tuhÉ£lhY« mt®fis¤ njo tutiH¤jš ahUila ïašò? MLnfh£gh£L¢ nruyhj‹ 3. ngf‹ kWikia neh¡»¡ bfhL¡fhjt‹ vd¡ T¿at® ah®? guz® ãÇî - 2 vitnaD« ïu©L Édh¡fS¡F k£L« RU¡fkhf ÉilaË¡f. 34 MtJ ÉdhɉF¡ f£lhakhf ÉilaË¡f nt©L«. [2 × 3 = 6] 32. khshj fhjš nehahs‹ nghš v‹D« bjhlÇYŸs ctik R£L« brŒâia És¡Ff. • kU¤Jt® clÈš V‰g£l ò©iz¡ f¤âahš mW¤J¢ R£lhY« mJ e‹ik¡nf v‹W cz®ªJ nehahË mtiu neá¥gh®. • Ú cdJ Éisah£lhš Ú§fhj J‹g¤ij vd¡F¤ jªjhY« c‹ moatdh»a eh‹ c‹ mUisna v¥bghGJ« vâ®gh®¤J thœ»‹nw‹. ï§F fhjš nehahs‹ nghy ɤJt¡nfh£L ïiwtDila moatdhf¡ Fynrfuhœth® ïU¥gjhf¡ TW»wh®. 33. jÄÊ‹ bgUikia v§F« KH§Ftj‰fhd fhuz§fshf¡ fÉP® TWtdt‰iw vGJf. • brÊ¥ò Ä¡f jÄnH. gH«bgUikí« jd¡bfd¤ jÅ¢áw¥ò«, ïy¡»a tsK« bfh©l jÄnH ! Éa¡f¤j¡f c‹ Ú©l Ãiy¤j‹ikí« nt‰W bkhÊah® c‹id¥g‰¿ ciu¤j òfGiuí« vk¡FŸ g‰Wz®it vG¥ò»‹wd. •• brªjhkiuÆ‹ njid¡ Fo¤J¢ áwfir¤J¥ ghL« t©oid¥ ngh‹W eh§fŸ c‹id¢ Rit¤J cŸs¤âš fdš _s c‹ bgUikia v§F« KH§F»‹nwh«. khâÇ Édh¤jhŸ-1 A-11

34. moãwHhkš vGJf. (m) “mUis¥ bgU¡»” vd¤ bjhl§F« ‘Úâbt©gh’ ghlš. mUis¥ bgU¡» m¿it¤ âU¤â kUis mf‰¿ kâ¡F« bjUis mU¤JtJ« MÉ¡F mUªJizahŒ ï‹g« bghU¤JtJ« fšÉba‹nw ngh‰W - fh.g. brŒFj«ã¥ ghty® (mšyJ) (M) “m‹id bkhÊna” vd¤ bjhl§F« ghlš. m‹id bkhÊna ! mHfh®ªj brªjÄnH ! K‹id¡F« K‹id K»œ¤j eW§fÅna ! f‹Å¡ FkÇ¡ flšbfh©l eh£oilÆš k‹Å muáUªj k©Qyf¥ nguunr ! bj‹d‹ kfns ! âU¡FwË‹ kh©òfnH ! ï‹dW« gh¥g¤nj ! v©bjhifna ! e‰fz¡nf ! k‹DŠ áy«ng ! kÂnk fiytont ! K‹D« Ãidthš KojhH thœ¤Jtnk ! - ghtynuW bgUŠá¤âudh® ãÇî - 3 vitnaD« ïu©L Édh¡fS¡F k£L« RU¡fkhf ÉilaË¡f. [2 × 3 = 6] 35. áWbghGJ v¤jid tif¥gL«? mit ahit? xU ehË‹ MW TWfŸ áWbghGJ vd¥gL«. mit: 1. fhiy - fhiy 6 k Kjš 10 k tiu 2. e©gfš - fhiy 10 k Kjš 2 k tiu 3. v‰ghL - ã‰gfš 2 k Kjš 6 k tiu 4. khiy - khiy 6 k Kjš ïuî 10 k tiu 5. ahk« - ïuî 10 k Kjš 2 k tiu 6. itfiw - ïuî 2 k Kjš fhiy 6 k tiu 36. ‘gšyh® gifbfhsÈ‹ g¤jL¤j Ôik¤nj ešyh® bjhl®if Élš’ - ï¡Fw£ghÉid my»£L thŒghL jUf. Ó® mir thŒghL gš/yh® ne®/ne® njkh gif/bfhs/È‹ Ãiu/Ãiu/ne® fUÉs§fhŒ g¤/jL¤/j ne®/Ãiu/ne® TÉs§fhŒ Ô/ik¤/nj ne®/ne®/ne® njkh§fhŒ eš/yh® ne®/ne® njkh bjhl®/if Ãiu/ne® òËkh Élš Ãiu ky® 37. ÃušÃiw m v‹whš v‹d? rh‹Wl‹ És¡Ff. Ãuš = tÇir ; Ãiw = ÃW¤Jjš brhšiyí« bghUisí« tÇirahf ÃW¤â m›tÇir¥gona ïiz¤J¥ bghUŸ bfhŸtJ ÃušÃiw m vd¥gL«. A-12 jÄœ - X

(v.fh.) m‹ò« mwD« cil¤jhÆ‹ ïšthœ¡if g©ò« gaD« mJ. ghlÈ‹ bghUŸ: ïšthœ¡if m‹ò«, mwK« cilajhf És§Fkhdhš, mªj thœ¡ifÆ‹ g©ò« gaD« mJnt MF«. mÂ¥bghU¤j«: ï¡FwËš m‹ò« mwD« v‹w brh‰fis tÇirahf ÃW¤â, g©ò« gaD« v‹w brh‰fis Kiw¥gl¡ T¿íŸsikahš, ïJ Ãuš Ãiw m MF«. gFâ - IV (kâ¥bg©fŸ: 25) [5 × 5 = 25] mid¤J Édh¡fS¡F« ÉilaË¡f. 38. (m) rªj¡ fÉijÆš áw¡F« f«g‹ v‹w jiy¥ãš ïy¡»a ciu vGJf. m‹ò« g©ò« Fz¢á¤âuK« bfh©l jiyt® mt®fns! nj®ªbjL¤j ó¡fis¥ ngh‹W tÇir bjhL¤J mk®ªâU¡F« M‹nwh®fns! m¿P® bgUk¡fns! tz¡f«. ïa‰if bfhY 剿U¡F« fh£áia¥ bgÇa fiyÃfœnt el¥gjhd njh‰wkhf¡ f«g‹ fh£L« fÉ... j©liy kÆšfŸ Ml... ï›îiuia¤ bjhl®f! j©liy kÆšfŸ Ml cŸsij cz®ªjgo TWtJ fÉij. fÉPÇ‹ cyf« ïl všiy m‰wJ fhy všiy m‰wJ. fÉPÅ‹ áªij¡FŸ cUthF« fh£áia¢ brhšiy¡bfh©L vG¥ò»wh‹. mt‹ f©l fh£áfŸ mj‰F¤ JizòÇ»‹wd. nf£l XirfŸ JizòÇ»‹wd. ÉGÄa§fŸ JizòÇ»‹wd. x¥òikfŸ JizòÇ»‹wd. fiyÆ‹ c¢r« bgWtJjh‹ mt‹ všiyah»wJ. f«g‹ m¥go¥g£l fÉP‹ mjdhšjh‹ f«g‹ ïir¤j fÉbašyh« eh‹ v‹W ghuâ bgUik¥gL»wh®. MW ïa‰ifÆ‹ njh‰wkhf ïšyhkš X® XÉakhf ÉÇ»wJ. mij cÆbud¡ fhQ« mªj mHFz®¢á fÉijahf Xo beŠáš Ãiw»wJ. fÉij fÉP‹ _y« j‹idna btË¥gL¤â¡ bfhŸ»wJ. mJ v¥go tU»‹wnjh mij kh‰¿dhš mHF F‹W«. Û©L« Û©L« k¿jU« rªj« cz®îfis e«KŸ brY¤J»wJ cŸs« Niwahl¥gL»wJ. ïa‰if bfhY剿U¡F« fh£áia¥ bgÇa fiyÃfœnt el¥gjhd njh‰wkhf¡ f«g‹fÉ fh£L»wJ. x‹¿‹ ïU¥ghš ï‹bdh‹W milahs¥gL¤j¥gL»wJ v‹w bkŒÆaiy¡ bfh©L xU eh£o‹ bgUikia¥ òy¥gL¤J« f«gÅ‹ c¤â ngh‰w¤j¡fJ. ïuhkDila khÃw nkÅia tU¡F« f«g‹, ik, kufj« v‹bwšyh« ctik brhšÈ Ãiwthf¢ brhšy ïayÉšiy v‹gij `Inah’ v‹w brhšÈš it¥gj‹ thÆyhf mij ïa‹wjh¡F»wh‹. fÉijfŸ _y« bgW« ï‹g§fŸ v¤jidnah ! mâš x‹W rªj ï‹g«. bghUŸ òÇahÉoY« rªj ï‹g« k»œ¢áô£L»wJ. Xir jU« ï‹g« ctikÆyh ï‹gklh v‹W ghuâ brhštij ïâš czu Koí«. cy¡ifahš kh¿ kh¿ ïo¡F« x¤j XirÆš mikªj rªj« ïo¡F« fh£áia¡ f©K‹ vG¥ò»wJ. ï›thW f«g‹ fÉ kdij É£L Ú§fhJ v‹W« ÃiwªâU¡F« v‹W j‹ ciuia Ko¡»wh®. khâÇ Édh¤jhŸ-1 A-13

(mšyJ) (M) fhy¡fÂj« fÉijÆš bghâªJŸs ea§fis¥ ghuh£o vGJf. fÉP‹ ahndh® fhy¡ fÂj« fU¥gL bghUis cU¥gl it¥ng‹ ! òÉÆš ehndh® òfGil¤ bjŒt« bgh‹ÅD« ÉiyÄF bghUbs‹ bršt« ! ïitrÇ ba‹whš ïa«òtbj‹ bjhÊš ïitjt whÆ‹ v⮥gbj‹ ntiy ! M¡fš mˤjš mʤjšï« _‹W« mtD« ahDnk m¿ªjit, m¿f ! - f©zjhr‹ fU¤J: eh‹ jh‹ fhy¡ fÂj‹ fU¥gL« bghUis cU¥gl it¥ng‹ ! òÉÆš ešyt®fŸ gyng® ïU¡»‹wd®. bgh‹D« ÉiyÄF bghUS« ïU¡»wJ. mJ bršt«, ïJrÇ, ïJ jtW v‹W brhštJ v‹ ntiy, brŒtJ jtwhÆ‹ v⮥gJ v‹ ntiy rÇ v‹whš òfœtJ v‹ bjhÊš. M¡fš, fh¤jš, mʤjš ï«_‹W« ïiwtD« ehD« k£Lnk m¿ªj bjhÊšfshF«. vJif: brŒíË‹ ïu©lh« vG¤J x‹¿tu¤ bjhL¥gJ vJif. Ó®vJif: fU¥gL, cU¥gl m¿ªjit, m¿f movJif: ïit fÉP‹ ïit òÉÆš nkhid: brŒíËš Kjš vG¤J x‹¿tu¤ bjhL¥gJ nkhid. fÉP‹, fhy«, fÂj«, fU¥gL, òÉÆš, òfGil Ku©: v⮢brh‰fŸ ghlÈš ïl«bgWtJ Ku©bjhil rÇ × jtW, M¡fš × mʤjš brhš ea«: fÉP‹ ahndh® fhy¡ fÂj« fU¥gL bghUis cU¥gl it¥ng‹ v‹w brh‰bwhl®fis mik¤J¥ ghlY¡F¢ áw¥ò¢ nr®¤JŸsh®. (v.fh.) bjŒt« vd¤ j‹id¡ TW« fÉP® òfGil¤ bjŒt« v‹w brh‰bwhliu¡ ifahS« ea« go¤J ï‹òw¤j¡fJ. bghUŸ ea«: M¡fš mˤjš mʤjš ï«_‹W« mtD« ahDnk m¿ªjit v‹W« Mœªj bghUŸ Rit cilaJ (v.fh.) j‹ bršt« vJ vd¡ Tw tªj fÉP®, bgh‹ Éiy ca®ªjJ. mij¡ fh£oY« Éiy ca®ªj fÉij¥bghUns v‹ bršt« vd¡ T¿ÆU¡F«. ï¡fÉijÆ‹ bghUŸea« ngh‰Wj‰FÇaJ. A-14 jÄœ - X

39. (m) c§fŸ gŸË¡F¤ njitahd ifnaLfis mD¥ã¤ jUkhW ò¤jf gâ¥gf¤â‰F foj« tiuf. mD¥òe® f©z‹, muád® nkšÃiy¥ gŸË, nkÿ®, âU¢á - 620 018. bgWe® ca®âU eå‹ mt®fŸ, rhujh gâ¥gf«, 10/34, kfhy£RÄ bjU, â. ef®, br‹id - 600 017. Iah, bghUŸ: ifnaLfŸ áy mD¥ã it¤jš - bjhl®ghf. tz¡f«. v« gŸË¡F áy ifnaLfŸ njit¥gL»‹wd. mt‰¿‰FÇa bjhifÆid¥ gzÉil¤jhŸ _y« mD¥ãíŸns‹. ÑnH F¿¥ã£l vdJ KftÇ¡F¥ gâtŠrš _ykhf¤ jhkjÄ‹¿ ifnaLfis mD¥ã it¡FkhW jhœikíl‹ nt©L»nw‹. e‹¿, ïl«: âU¢á 劉d«, njâ: 10.04.20XX j§fŸ c©ikíŸs, f©z‹. njitahd ifnaLfŸ 1. jÄœ g¤jh« tF¥ò¡ ifnaL - 30 ãuâfŸ 2. M§»y« g¤jh« tF¥ò¡ ifnaL - 15 ãuâfŸ 3. fÂj« g¤jh« tF¥ò¡ ifnaL - 20 ãuâfŸ 4. m¿Éaš g¤jh« tF¥ò¡ ifnaL - 10 ãuâfŸ ciwnkš KftÇ bgWe® ca®âU eå‹ mt®fŸ, rhujh gâ¥gf«, 10/34, kfhy£RÄ bjU, â. ef®, br‹id - 600 017. (mšyJ) (M) ehËjœ x‹¿‹ bgh§fš `kyÇš, cHî¤ bjhÊY¡F tªjid brŒnth«’ v‹w c§fŸ f£Liuia btËÆl nt©o, mªehËjœ MáÇaU¡F¡ foj« vGJf. mD¥òe® bj. j©lghÂ, 35, nk‰F khlåâ, kJiu - 625 001. khâÇ Édh¤jhŸ-1 A-15

bgWe® âdk MáÇa®, âdk mYyyf«, v¡ÞãuÞ vÞnl£, kJiu - 625 003. bghUŸ: vdJ f£Liuia btËÆl nt©o É©z¥g«. Iah, tz¡f«. ïªj M©L bgh§fš ÉHh v§fŸ CÇš Äf¢áw¥ghf eil¥bg‰wJ. eh‹F eh£fŸ eilbg‰w ÃfœîfŸ midtiuí« Äfî« ft®ªjd. mj‹ bjhl®ghf eh‹ “cHî¡F« bjhÊY¡F« tªjid brŒnth«” v‹D« jiy¥ãš xU f£Liu vGâ ïU¡»nw‹. mªj¡ f£Liuia¤ j§fË‹ ehËjÊš btËÆLkhW nf£L¡ bfhŸ»nw‹. e‹¿, ïl« : kJiu 劉d«, njâ : 2.04.20XX j§fŸ c©ikíŸs, bj. j©lgh F¿¥ò ï¤Jl‹ f£Liu ïiz¡f¥g£LŸsJ. ciwnkš KftÇ bgWe® âdk MáÇa®, âdk mYyyf«, v¡ÞãuÞ vÞnl£, kJiu - 625 003. 40. gl« cz®¤J« fU¤ij eaKw eh‹F bjhl®fËš vGJf. t¿at®¡F x‹W <tJ <if k¿¤J¡ bfhL¡fhkš jL¥gJ Ôik Koªjij¡ bfhL¥gJ nkij bfhL¥gij¤ jL¥gJ ngij t¿at®¡F¡ bfhL¥gJ òfœ¢á jL¤J ÃW¤JtJ ïfœ¢á A-16 jÄœ - X

41. Ñœ¡fhQ« got¤ij Ãu¥òf. üyf cW¥ãd® got« ........k...J...i...u........ kht£l üyf Miz¡FG ika / »is / C®¥òw üyf« ................................i......k......a.....ü......y......f....«.............................................................................. cW¥ãd® nr®¡if m£il m£il v© 367 cW¥ãd® v© 567 1. bga® ......f....ª....j....‹.......................................................... 2. jªij bga® ......M.........W.....K.......f....«............................................. 3. ãwªj njâ ......0...6......0...6......2...0....0...5............................................ 4. taJ ......1..4.................................................................... 5. go¥ò ......g....¤.....j....h...«.......t......F......¥....ò............................... 6. bjhiyngá v© ......9...8....6...7...8......6...4....5...9....0..................................... 7. KftÇ ......3...5......m.......«.....k.....‹.........n.....f....h...Æ......š........b.....j....U (mŠrš F¿p£L v©Ql‹) ......5.....t......J........b.....j....U......,....n....k.....y......å......â.....,...k... Jiu - 625 002. eh‹ .....m............f....ª....j....‹............. üyf¤âš cW¥ãduhf¥ gâî brŒa ï¤Jl‹ fh¥ò¤bjhif % ..................1..0...0.................., rªjh bjhif % ..........1...0...0......................... Mf bkh¤j« % .................2...0....0................. buh¡fkhf¢ brY¤J»nw‹. üyf eilKiw k‰W« ÉâfS¡F¡ f£L¥gL»nw‹ vd cWâaË¡»nw‹. ïl« : kJiu j§fŸ c©ikíŸs ehŸ : 24.5.20XX m. fªj‹ âU / âUkâ / bršÉ / bršt‹ .....m............f.....ª....j....‹............ mt®fis vd¡F e‹F bjÇí« vd¢ rh‹W mË¡»nw‹. Ôgh mYtyf K¤âiu ãiz¥ghs® ifbah¥g« (gjÉ k‰W« mYtyf«) (khÃy / ika muR mâfhÇfŸ, fšÿÇ Kjšt®fŸ nguháÇa®fŸ, ca® / nkšÃiy¥gŸË jiyik MáÇa®fŸ, r£lk‹w / ehlhSk‹w cW¥ãd®fŸ, efuh£á / khefuh£á / x‹¿a / ng%uh£á cW¥ãd®fŸ) khâÇ Édh¤jhŸ-1 A-17

42. (m) eh« v¥nghJ« xnu kdÃiyÆš ïU¥gâšiy. e«ik¢ R‰¿ ÃfG« brašfshš eh« miy¡fÊ¡f¥gL»nwh«. cl‹gÆšgtUlndh, cl‹ãwªjtUlndh vâ®ghuhkš r¢ruî V‰gL»wJ ..... ïªj¢ rka¤âš ád«bfhŸs¤ j¡f brh‰fis¥ ngR»nwh«; nf£»nwh«; iffy¥ãš <LgL»nwh«; ïJfhW« f‰w mw§fŸ ek¡F¡ ifbfhL¡f nt©lhkh? kh™t ÃiyÆš eh« ã‹g‰w nt©oa mw§fS« mjdhš V‰gL« e‹ikfisí« tÇir¥gL¤â vGJf. eh« brŒant©Ltd (mw§fŸ) mw§fŸ jU« e‹ikfŸ ešy brh‰fisna nj®ªbjL¤J¥ ešy e©g®fis¥ bgwyh«; ngRjš. vâÇfisí« e©guh¡fyh«, xUtiu¥ g‰¿ ï‹bdhUtÇl« k‰wt®fis¥ g‰¿a jtwhd v©z« kh‰¿¥ ngrhâU¤jš, tuhJ. gÊth§F« v©z¤ij¡ ifÉlš. vâÇfŸ cUthf kh£lh®fŸ m‹ghf elªJ¡ bfhŸs nt©L«. e«ik¥ g‰¿a v©z« k‰wt® kdâš caU«. kâ¥ò« e£ò« bgUF«. (mšyJ) (M) bkhÊbga®¡f. Among the five geographical divisions of the Tamil country in Sangam literature, the Marutam region was the fit for cultivation, as it had the most fertile lands. The property of a farmer depended on getting the necessary sunlight, seasonal rains and the fertility of the soil. Among these elements of nature, sunlight was considered indispensible by the ancient Tamils. Éil r§f ïy¡»a§fËš ïl« bg‰w jÄœeh£o‹ 5 òÉÆaš ghFgh£o‹go, kUj Ãy¥ gFâna gÆÇLtj‰F¢ brGikahd gFâahf¡ fUj¥g£lJ. ÉtrhÆÆ‹ brh¤J m§F »il¡F« btÆš, gUt kiH k‰W« Ãy¤â‹ brGikia¢ rh®ªâUªjJ. ïa‰ifÆš »il¡F« _y¡TWfËš NÇa xËna ï‹¿aikahjjhf¥ gHªjÄH®fshš fUj¥g£lJ. gFâ - V (kâ¥bg©fŸ: 24) mid¤J Édh¡fS¡F« ÉÇthf ÉilaË¡f. [3 × 8 = 24] 43. (m) b#afhªj‹ Ãidî¢ áw¥ãjiH, thu ïjœ x‹W btËÆl ïU¡»wJ. mj‰fhd xU Rtbuh£oia totik¤J mË¡f. kht£l M£áa® jiyikÆš Ãidî¢ áw¥ãjœ btËp£L ÉHh PhdÕl ÉUJ bg‰w fhy«br‹w vG¤Jyf ɤjf®. bjŒt¤âU b#afhªj‹ mt®fË‹ Ãidî¢ áw¥ãjœ btËp£L ÉHh ehŸ : 14.4.20XX ïl« : fiyau§f« neu« : khiy 6.00 k br‹id A-18 jÄœ - X

(mšyJ) (M) e h£L ÉHh¡fŸ - ÉLjiy¥ nghuh£l tuyhW - eh£o‹ K‹nd‰w¤âš kh™t® g§F - F¿¥òfis¡ bfh©L xU g¡f msÉš ‘khzt¥ gUtK« eh£L¥ g‰W«’ v‹w jiy¥ãš nkil ciu vGJf. khzt¥ gUtK« eh£L¥ g‰W« K‹Diu: ïªâah Ãy¥gu¥ãš cy»š VHhtJ bgÇa ehL k¡fŸ bjhifÆš ïu©lhtJ bgÇa ehL, ïªâahÉ‹ Kjš jiyik mik¢r® nuh#hÉ‹ uh#h, rkhjhd¥òwh #tA®yhš neU ïªâahit¥ bghUshjhu¤âš K‹nd‰w nt©L« v‹W Iªjh©L â£l§fis¤ Ô£odh®. ts®¢á¥ ghijÆš br‹W¡ bfh©oU¡»w ïªâahÉš ï‹iwa khzt®fŸ ehisa k‹d®fŸ, Mifahš khzt®fS¡F¢ rKjha¤ bjh©L M‰w nt©oa flikfŸ cŸsd. ÉLjiy¡F K‹: kh©ò v‹whš kh£á, bgUik, áw¥ò v‹W bghUŸ. mjdhš khzh¡f® v‹W miH¡f¥g£l brhš, khzt® v‹W kUÉÉ£lJ. ïªâahÉ‹ ÉLjiy¥ nghuh£l¤â‰F kfh¤kh fhªâ mofŸ jiyikna‰wh®. x¤JiHahik ïa¡f¤ij m¿É¤jh®. khzt®fŸ fšÿÇia É£L Éy»d®. nghuh£l§fËš <Lg£ld®. áiw br‹wd®. ïWâÆš ÉLjiy »il¤jJ. cybf§F« khzt®fŸ fyªJ bfh©L el¤âa mw¥nghuh£l§fŸ njh‰wjhf tuyhW ïšiy. eh£o‹ K‹nd‰w«: ïªâa¥ nguuR v¤Jiz â£l§fis¤ Ô£o¥ bghUŸ c‰g¤â brŒjhY« ts®¢á¥ ghijÆš br‹whY« rhâkj nt‰Wik, k¡fŸ bgU¡f«, m¿ahik, Ô©lhik, gJ¡fš, fl¤jš M»aitfŸ ts®¢á¡F¤ jil¡f‰fshf cŸsd. ï¤jifa Éy§Ffshš k¡fŸ áiw¥gL¤j¥g£LŸsd®. rKjha¤ bjh©oš khztÅ‹ g§F: rhiy¥ ngh¡Ftu¤ij¢ Ó® brŒa fhty®fSl‹ nr®ªJ gÂah‰w nt©L«. rhiyÆš Ég¤JfËdhš ghâ¡f¥g£ltiu clnd kU¤JtkidÆš bfh©L nghŒ¢ nr®¡f nt©L«. clš CdK‰wt®fS¡F khzt®fŸ tÊfh£ofshf És§fyh«. rhiyÆš »l¡F« f©zho¤ J©LfŸ, MÂfŸ, thiH¥gH¤ njhšfŸ, òifªJ bfh©oU¡F« bt©RU£L¤ J©LfŸ ngh‹wt‰iw khzt®fŸ bt£f« ghuhkš vL¤J¢ br‹W k¡fŸ elkh£l« ïšyhj ïl¤âš nghl nt©L«. khzt®fŸ f©_o tH¡fkhd _l¥gH¡f tH¡f§fis k©_o¥ nghf¢ brŒjš nt©L«. Koîiu: “xšY« tifah‹ mwÉid xthnj bršY« thbašyh« braš” v‹wh® tŸSt® j‹dhš ïaY« bjh©Lfis v§bf§F brŒa ïaYnkh m§bfšyh« brŒjš nt©L« v‹gJ ï¡FwË‹ bghUŸ. bjh£oš gH¡f« RLfhL k£L« v‹gJ gHbkhÊ. ïitfis všyh« khzt®fŸ gRikahf cŸs¤âš bfh©L rKjha¤ bjh©L M‰¿l nt©L«. khâÇ Édh¤jhŸ-1 A-19

44. (m) m‹dkŒah v‹D« bgaU¡F« mtÇ‹ braY¡F« cŸs bghU¤j¥gh£oid¡ nfhgšyòu¤J k¡fŸ fij¥gFâ bfh©L ÉtÇ¡f. fij¡fU: » uhk¤J kÅj®fŸ fh£L« ÉUªnjh«gš, g»®ªJ bfhL¡»w nea«. fijkhªj®fŸ: • R¥igah • »uhk¤J k¡fŸ • m‹dkŒah • k K ‹Diu: »uhk¤J btŸsªâ kÅj®fŸ fh£L« ÉUªnjh«gš ïašghd tunt‰ò« vËikahd czî« gá¤j ntisÆš tªjt®fS¡F¤ j«Äl« ïU¥gij¥ g»®ªJ bfhL¡»w kÅj nea« M»at‰iw ï¡fij¥gFâ vL¤J¡TW»wJ. »uhk¤J fh£á: mâfhiy neu¤âš gh¢rš mUF vL¤J Ko¤JÉ£L¡ fhiy¡ fŠáia¡ Fo¡f c£fhU« ntisÆš m‹dkŒah ahnuh xU r‹Åaháia¡ T£o¡ bfh©L tUtij¡ f©lh‹ R¥igah tu£L« tu£L«. xU tƉW¡F¡ fŠá C‰¿ ehK« Fo¥ngh« v‹wh®. bfh¤jhË mªj¥ òŠir rhiynahu¤âš ïUªjjhš njrhªâÇfŸ tªJ ït®fËl« j©Ùnuh, fŠánah rh¥ã£L É£L¥ nghtJ tH¡f«. m‹dkŒah f©l fh£á: el¡f Koahkš c£fh®ªJ c£fh®ªJ vGªâUªJ Mahrkhf bkJthf elªJ tªJ jhoí« mG¡F Milí« jŸsh£lKkhf elªJ tªJ bfh©oUªjtid¥ gh®¡F« nghJ tnahâfdhfî« rhÄahiu¥nghyî« v©z it¤jJ. j‰brayhf ïtid¡f©l m‹dkŒah mt‹ mU»š br‹W gh®¤j ãwFjh‹ bjǪjJ mt‹ xU thÈg‹ v‹W, fhšfis Ú£o òËa ku¤âš rhŒªJ c£fh®ªâUªj mtid beU§»¥ gh®¤jnghJ gáahš mt‹ Kf« tho¥nghÆUªjJ. m‹dkŒahÉ‹ braš: g áahš tho¥nghÆUªj mt‹ Kf¤âš Ô£rÂa« bjǪjJ j‹id¥ gh®¤J xU ner¥ò‹dif fh£oa mªj thÈg kÅjid¥ gh®¤J¡bfh©nl Ëwh‹ m‹dkŒah. Fo¡f¡ bfhŠr« j©Ù® »il¡Fkh? v‹w mtid¤ j‹ndhL bkJthf el¡f it¤J miH¤J¢ br‹wh‹ m‹dkŒah. m ‹dkŒahÉ‹ ÉUªnjh«gš: nt¥gku¤â‹ moÆš Vf¥g£l k© fya§fŸ ïUªjd. mâš m‹dkŒah xU fya¤â‹ nkš it¡f¥g£l fšiy mf‰¿¢ áu£ilia¤ Jil¤J¢ R¤j¥gL¤â mªj fya¤âš gjdkhd to¤j Úiu mtÅl«, c¿Šá Fo§f vd¡ bfhL¤jh‹. c£fh®ªJ Fo§f v‹W cgrǤjh‹. ãwF fya¤ij¢ R‰¿ M£oaJ« bjËî kiwªJ nrh‰¿‹ kFË nkny tªjJ« th®¤J¡ bfhL¤jh‹. ãwF m‹dkŒah mªj òJ Mis¢ R¥igahÉ‹ taY¡F miH¤J¢ br‹W f«kŠnrh‰iw¢ rh¥ãl it¤jh‹. mªj thÈg‹ m‹dkŒah v‹w bgaiu kdR¡F¤ âU¥ã¤ âU¥ã¢ brhšÈ¥ gh®¤J¡ bfh©lh‹. v›tsî bghU¤j« v‹W Ãid¤J¡ bfh©lh‹. A-20 jÄœ - X

Koîiu: tªjtD¡F v¥go xU Ãiwî V‰g£lnjh mij Él nkyhd xU Ãiwî m‹dkŒahî¡F V‰g£lJ. tÆW ÃiwªjJ« ö§»ÉL« FHªijia¥ gh®¥gJnghy mtid xU ãÇa¤njhL gh®¤J¡ bfh©oUªjh‹ m‹dkŒah. (mšyJ) (M) k§ifauhŒ¥ ãw¥gj‰nf... vD« jiy¥ãš v«.vÞ.R¥òby£RÄ g‰¿a cdJ fU¤ij RU¡fkhf vGJf. K »šeh¢á (v«.vÞ. R¥òy£RÄ): v«.vÞ. R¥òy£RÄ jÄHÇ‹ bgUikia cyf mu§fhd I.eh. mitÆš gu¥ò« tifÆš m§F¤ jÄœeh£o‹ br›Éaš ïiria¥ ghoat®; fh‰¿Åny tU« ÑjkhŒ k¡fŸ kdâš Ú§fh ïl«bg‰wt®; ïir¥nguuá v‹W neU bgUkfdhuhš miH¡f¥g£lt® v«.vÞ. R¥òy£RÄ. jhH«ó F§FkÄ£l ky®¢áahd Kf«, ò‹dif jtH... Úy¥ g£L¥òlitÆ‹ xËÆš... btŸË¡f«ãfŸ Ä‹DtJnghš jiyKoÆš ïilÆilna btŸisKo... ifÆš xÈ th§»... j«òuh RUâT£l uhfkhÈfhÉš, Fiwbah‹W Äšiy kiw_®¤â f©zh Fiwbah‹W Äšiy nfhɪjh... v‹W ïir¤jh®. åiz¡ fiyPuhd mtÇ‹ jhna mtU¡F Kjš FU. g¤J taâš ïir¤j£L¡fhf¥ ghliy¥ gho¥ gâî brŒjt®. ïir nkijfË‹ tÊfh£LjšfËš j‹id ts®¤J¡ bfh©lt®. Iªjh« tF¥ò tiujh‹ fšÉ gÆy thŒ¥ò¡ »£oaJ. gândG taâš br‹id Äôá¡ mfhbjÄÆš nkijfŸ gy® K‹ò f¢nrÇ brŒJ ghuh£il¥ bg‰wt®. mtU¡F Ûuh âiu¥gl« Äf¥bgÇa bt‰¿ia¤ jªjJ. mJ mtuJ filᤠâiu¥glkhfî« mikªjJ. ïªâah KGtâY« cŸs gyÇ‹ ghuh£Lfisí« bg‰wh®. fh‰¿Åny tU« Ñj«, ãUªjhtd¤âš f©z‹ KjÈa ghlšfS¡F Äf¥bgÇa tunt‰ò¡ »il¤jJ. #tA®yhš neU, rnuhÍÅ ehíL ngh‹w bgÇnah®fshš ghuh£l¥g£lt®. xUKiw fhªâaofis¤ âšÈÆš rªâ¤jnghJ ‘ïuFgâ ïuhft ïuh#huh«’ v‹w ghliy¥ ghodh®. mtiu¥ ghuh£oa m©zš, Ûuh vGâa ghlš x‹iw¡ F¿¥ã£L¥ ghl¢ brh‹dh®. ã‹ á¿J ehŸfËš KidªJ mªj¥ ghliy¡ f‰W¥ gƉá brŒjh®. br‹id thbdhÈ, 1947 ïš fhªâaofË‹ ãwªj ehs‹W m¥ghliy xÈgu¥ãaJ. m¥ghlš `AÇJ« Anuh’ v‹D« Ûuh g#‹. 1954 ïš mt® jhkiua ÉUJ bg‰wnghJ. j‹id¤ bjh£L¤ jlÉ¥ ghuh£oa gh®itÆHªj bAy‹ bfšyiu j‹dhš kw¡fKoahJ v‹»wh®. 1963 ïš ï§»yhªâY« 1966 ïš I.eh. mitÆY« ghodh®. ïnj M©oš mtÇ‹ FuÈš gâî brŒa¥g£l bt§fnlr R¥ughj« âU¥gâÆš xÈ¡f¤bjhl§»aJ. 1974 ïš nehgš gÇR¡F ïizahd kfnrnr ÉUJ mt® ïir¡F¡ »il¤j kFl«. ï›ÉUJ bgW« Kjš ïir¡ fiyPuhfî« Mdh®. jÄœ, bjY§F, f‹dl«, rkÞ»Uj«, kiyahs«, ïªâ, kuh¤â, F#uh¤â M»a ïªâa bkhÊfËY« M§»y¤âY«Tl¥ ghoíŸsh®. ïªâah, Äf caÇa ÉUjhd `ïªâa khkÂ’ ÉUjˤJ mtiu¢ áw¥ã¤jJ. khâÇ Édh¤jhŸ-1 A-21

mtUila gy ïir¡ f¡nrÇfŸ VjhtJ xU mik¥ã‹ e‹bfhil¡fhf elªjit v‹gJ bgU« k»œit mË¡»wJ. 45. (m) ïªâahÉ‹ fÂÅ¥ òu£á - vD« jiy¥ãš f£Liu x‹W vGJf. K‹Diu: cyf ehLfËilna ïªâahî« K‹nd‰w kilªj ts®¢áí‰w ehlhf nt©L«. ï¡fdî edthFkh? ïj‰F¥ ghuj« gy JiwfËY« e‹F ciH¡f nt©L«. mt‰WŸ x‹Wjh‹ fÂÅ¥ òu£á. cyf ehLfŸ mid¤J« fÂŤ JiwÆš ts®ªj msɉF ehK« cau nt©L« v‹w v©z« jh‹ 1984ïš fÂÅia¡ bfhz®ªnjh«. m‹iwa ãujk® âU. uhé› fhªâ mt®fŸ fÂÅ¡F K¡»a¤Jt« bfhL¤J KjÈl« mˤjh®. g huj¤âš fÂÅÆ‹ ts®¢á: Kj‹Kjyhf K«igÆYŸs lhlh MŒî ika« jh‹ 1966ïš fÂÅia brašgl¤ bjhl§»aJ. e« eh£oYŸs Ä‹Åaš fHf« fÂÅfis thÂf neh¡Fl‹ jahÇ¡f¤ bjhl§»aJ. Ä‹Åaš JiwÆš xU òu£á V‰g£lJ. m¥nghija ãujk® âU uhé› fhªâ mt®fŸ ïªâahɉF ešy vâ®fhy« ešF« vd tÈíW¤âdh®. ntiyÆšyh¤ â©lh£l¤â‰F K‰W¥òŸË it¡F« msɉF Ä‹Åaš Jiwia ts®¤jh®. j‰nghJ ešy mo¥gilíl‹ fÂŤ Jiw gy JiwfËY« Ãiybg‰W É£lJ. fÂÅÆ‹ ga‹fŸ: k¡fŸ rigÆY«, khÃy r£l k‹w§fËY« Tl fÂÅ ga‹gL»wJ. nj®jš Koîfis clD¡Fl‹ m¿É¥gâY«, thbdhÈ, bjhiy¡fh£á Ãfœ¢áfis¤ jahÇ¥gâY« fÂŤ bjhÊš E£g« m§f« t»¡»wJ. všyh khÃy¤ jiyefu§fËY«, kht£l¤ jiyefu§fËY« fÂÅ kakh¡f¥g£LÉ£lJ. ngh®¡fhy mo¥gilÆš t§»fŸ ahî« fÂÅia V‰W¡ bfh©LÉ£ld. njáa kakh¡f¥g£l t§»fis¡ fÂÅia¡ bfh©L f©fh¡f cjî»wJ. njáa fh¥Õ£L¡ fHf« bgÇa msÉš fÂÅ kakh¡f¥g£L É£lJ. ãwJiwfËš fÂÅ: ngh¡Ftu¤J¤ Jiwahd Ékhd, ïuÆš JiwfËš ïU¡if K‹gâî brŒaî«, mt‰iw¡ f£L¥gh£L¡FŸ brašglî« fÂÅ ga‹gL»wJ. F‰wthËfis¡ f©L ão¡f¡ Toa KiwfŸ ifahs¥gL»‹wd. kU¤Jt¤ JiwÆš ïu¤j¥ gÇnrhjid, ïUja MŒî, mWit¢ ỢirÆY« Tl F¿¥ãl¤j¡f msÉš ga‹gL¤j¥gL»wJ. fšÉ Ãiya§fËS« fÂÅ: tÂf«, bjhÊš, jghš, jªâ ngh‹w gy JiwfËY« fÂÅòu£á V‰g£L É£lJ. fšÉ Ãiya§fËš, gšfiy¡ fHf§fËš fšÉ nk«gh£L¥ gÂfis¢ brŒJ ÉL»wJ. gyU« fÂÅ g‰¿a fšÉ Ãiya§fis¤ Jt§» g£l«. g£lnk‰go¥ò vd tif¥gL¤â ïªâahÉš midtUnk fÂÅ g‰¿a fšÉ Ãiya§fis¤ Jt§» g£l«. g£l nk‰go¥ò vd tif¥gL¤â ïªâahÉš midtUnk fÂÅ m¿îbg‰W¤ âfH thŒ¥ãid V‰gL¤â É£lJ. ïj‹_y« e«eh£L ïisP®fŸ nkdhLfËš br‹W ntiythŒ¥ò bg‰W Ãu«g¥ bghUç£L« thŒ¥ò« bg‰WŸsd®. fÂŤ bjhÊš E£g« brŒâfis mD¥gî«, bjhiy öu ehLfËilna bjhl®ò V‰gL¤jî« bgÇJ« cjî»wJ. fšÉ Ãiya§fËš fÂÅ xU ghl¤ â£lkhf mikªJŸsJ. j‰fhy ïisP®fŸ fÂÅia ÉU«ã¡ f‰W¥ òu£á V‰gL¤Jtâš KidªJÉ£ld®. A-22 jÄœ - X

K oîiu: fÂŤJiw, e« eh£o‹ vâ®fhy¤âš Äf Éiuthfî«, âwikahfî« brašgL« v‹gâš IaÄšiy. ghuj¤â‹ bjhÊš ts®¢á¡nf‰g fÂŤ Jiw bgUksÉš ts®¢á bgWtJ ïa‰if ÃaâfËš x‹wh»ÉL«. (mšyJ) (M) F¿¥òfis¥ ga‹gL¤â rhuz® ïa¡f« F¿¤J f£Liu vGJf. K‹Diu - ïa¡f« - á‹d« - gH¡f« - gƉáfS« tÊKiwfS« - M¡f« - Koîiu. K‹Diu: FUÉÆ‹ jiyÆš gd« gHkh! v‹W v©zhJ á‹dŠáW Û‹fŸ T£l« Ãid¤jhš xU f¥giyna _œfo¤J ÉL« v‹gnj rhuz ïa¡f¤ j¤JtkhF«. ï›Éa¡f¤ij 炙yhªJ eh£il¢ nr®ªj ngl‹ gîš (1857 - 1941) v‹gt® njh‰Wɤjh®. xU rka« bj‹dh¥ãÇ¡fhî¡F« nghaU¡F« ïilÆyhd nghÇš by¥od©£lhf És§»dh®. ngh®¡fhy¤âš á‹dŠáWt®fS¡F (12-17) gƉá bfhL¤jhš KjYjÉ ngh‹wit brŒayhnk v‹W v©Â áªjidnahL Úyhkš braÈY« ïw§»dh®. áWt®fis¥ gy FG¡fshf¥ ãǤJ, FG¡fS¡F¥ gwit, Éy§F ït‰¿‹ bga®fË£L ngh®¡fs¤âš bršY« Kiw, KjYjÉ brŒjš, x‰whlš ngh‹w gƉáaˤjh®. gƉáfS¡F¥ã‹ áWt®fË‹ Éiuthd brayh¡fK«, T®¤j kâí« bgUksî gaid¤ jªjJ. nghU¡F¥ ã‹ò j‹Dila gjÉia¤ JwªJ ‘áWt® rhuÂa«’ v‹W« üiy vGâdh®. 1908š khzt®fS¡fhd rhuz ïa¡f¤ijí«, 1910š khzÉaU¡fhd rhuÂa ïa¡f¤ijí« njh‰Wɤjh®. ïa¡f«: ïªâahÉš ïjid¡ bfh©LtU« bghU£L m‹Å bgr©£ m«ikah® (1847 - 1933) mt®fŸ 1917š rhuz-rhuÂa ïa¡f¤ij¡ bfh©L tªjh®. khzt®fS¡F ï›Éa¡fkhdJ x‰Wikia, flik jtwhikia, cjÉ brŒjiy ts®¡F« vd cWâahf e«ãdh®. mªe«ã¡if å©nghfhJ. ï‹W rhuz ïa¡fkhdJ caÇa msÉš És§F»wJ. á‹d«: x›bthU ïa¡fK« jk¡bfd xU á‹d¤njhL âfG«. rhuz ïa¡f¤â‰F« jÅ á‹d« cŸsJ. x›bthU rhuz-rhuÂaU« mjid mªâU¤jš mtáakhF«. fh¡»¢ ÓUilÆš fG¤âš ÚyÃw Þfh®~¥ mÂt®. Þfh®~¥ghdJ ÑnH ÉHht©z« ng£{ brhU» it¤âLt®. nkY« bgš£L«, bjh¥ãí«, nf‹thÞ õ]î« mÂtJ mtáakhF«. gH¡f«: rhuz® xUtiubahUt® fhQ«nghJ tyJ ifahš tz¡f¤ij¤ bjÇÉ¥g®. mJî« áW Éuiy¥ bgU Éuyhš ão¤J _Éuiy be‰¿Æš it¤J tz¡f« bjÇÉ¥gJ tH¡f«. nkY« if FY¡F«nghJ ïja¤â‹ ãuâgÈ¥ghŒ ïlJ if bfh©nl if FY¡f nt©L«. khâÇ Édh¤jhŸ-1 A-23

gƉáfS« tÊKiwfS«: khzt®fS¡F ÉLKiw eh£fËš gƉá ju¥gL»wJ. btËô®fËš KfhÄ£L gƉáfS« mË¡f¥gLtJ©L. gƉá gšntW Éj§fËš mikªâU¡F«. KjYjÉ brŒjš, fÆW VWjš, ku« eLjš, tshf§fis¢ Ó®gL¤Jjš, rhiy Éâfis m¿jš vd¥ gaDŸs tiffËš gƉá bgWt®. gšntW e£òfis Kfh«fË‹nghJ bgWt®. gƉáÆ‹ KoÉš Éisah£L¥ ngh£ofŸ, fiy Ãfœ¢áfŸ ïit el¤j¥gL«. ngh£ofËš KjÈš tU« _t®fS¡F rh‹¿jœfS«, gÇRfS« tH§f¥gL»wJ. M¡f«: gƉá Ko¤j rhuz®fŸ gƉáíl‹ ÚyhJ bjh©LfS« òÇt®. ÉHh¡fËš k¡fis tÊel¤J« gÂÆY«, rhiyfis¢ Óuik¡F« gÂÆY«, C®fËš ku§fis eLjÈY«, tshf§fis¢ R¤j¥gL¤JjÈY« FGthf¢ brašgL« ït®fsJ gÂia mL¡»¡ bfh©nl nghfyh«. FGthf ïšyhkš åLfËš jÅahf ïUªjhY« ãwU¡F gh«ò, Ô, j©Ù® ït‰whš J‹g« V‰gL«nghJ KjYjÉ brŒJ fh¥gh‰wî« brŒ»‹wd®. Koîiu: rhuz® ïa¡f« áWt®fS¡fhd ïa¡fkhf ïUªjhY«, mt®fis¢ áfu§fS¡F miH¤J¢ bršgitahF«. x‰WikÆ‹ ÉisÃykhf¤ âfœ»‹wd®. ï§F öt¥gL« ÉijfŸ rKjha vG¢á¡F tÊfh£L« v‹gâš IaÄšiy. tsu£L« rhuz® ïa¡f«. bjhlu£L« mt®fsJ gÂfŸ. A-24 jÄœ - X

neu«: 3.00 k khâÇ Édh¤jhŸ - 4 kâ¥bg©fŸ: 100 (Édh¡fŸ k£L«) gFâ - I (kâ¥bg©fŸ: 15) (i) mid¤J Édh¡fS¡F« ÉilaË¡fî«. (ii) bfhL¡f¥g£l eh‹F ÉilfËš rÇahd ÉilÆid¤ nj®ªbjL¤J¡ F¿p£Ll‹ ÉilÆidí« nr®¤J vGJf. [15 × 1 = 15] 1. brŒFj«ã¥ ghtyÇ‹ mid¤J üšfS« .............................. M¡f¥g£LŸsJ. (m) muRilik (M) k¡fSilik (ï) eh£Lilik (<) bghJcilik 2. cÆusbgilfË‹ tiffŸ ......................... . (m) x‹W (M) ïu©L (ï) _‹W (<) eh‹F 3. nt®¡fliy, ÄsfhŒ Éij, kh§bfh£il M»at‰iw¡ F¿¡F« gÆ®tif ................. . (m) Fiy tif (M) bfhGªJ tif (ï) k tif (<) ïiy tif 4. Rjªâu ïªâahÉ‹ kf¤jhd rhjidí« rthYkhf b#afhªj‹ fUJtJ ................... . (m) muá‹ ey¤â£l§fis¢ brašgL¤jš (M) bg‰w Rjªâu¤ij¥ ng¡ fh¤jš (ï) m¿Éaš K‹nd‰w« (<) btËeh£L KjäLfŸ 5. Fynrfu Mœth® ........................... m‹idahf cUt»¤J¥ ghL»wh®. (m) gh®tâia (M) âUkhis (ï) cŒatªj bgUkhis (<) átid 6. FË® fhy¤ij¥ bghGjhf¡ bfh©l Ãy§fŸ ........................ . (m) Kšiy, F¿Šá, kUj Ãy§fŸ (M) F¿Šá, ghiy, beŒjš Ãy§fŸ (ï) F¿Šá, kUj«, beŒjš Ãy§fŸ (<) kUj«, beŒjš, ghiy Ãy§fŸ 7. Édh ............................... tif¥gL«. (m) ïu©L (M) MW (ï) eh‹F (<) v£L 8. ‘khyt‹ F‹w« nghdhby‹d? ntyt‹ F‹wkhtJ v§fS¡F nt©L«’ - khyt‹ F‹wK« ntyt‹ F‹wK« F¿¥git Kiwna - (m) âU¥gâí« âU¤jÂí« (M) âU¤jÂí« âU¥gâí« (ï) âU¥gâí« âU¢brªöU« (<) âU¥gu§F‹wK« gHÅí« 9. trd fÉijna ............................................................... njh‹w¡ fhuzkhƉW. (m) áWfÉij (M) brŒíŸ (ï) òJ¡fÉij (<) bgU§fÉij (<) 105 10. bgUkhŸ âUbkhÊÆš ........................... ghlšfŸ cŸsd. (m) 108 (M) 109 (ï) 113 A-63

11. bgÇa Ûir áǤjh® - t©z¢ brhšY¡fhd bjhifÆ‹ tif vJ? (m) g©ò¤bjhif (M) ctik¤ bjhif (ï) m‹bkhʤ bjhif (<) c«ik¤bjhif ghliy¥ go¤J¥ ã‹tU« Édh¡fS¡F (12, 13, 14, 15) Éil jUf. ïitrÇ ba‹whš ïa«òtbj‹ bjhÊš ïitjt whÆ‹ v⮥gbj‹ ntiy ! M¡fš mˤjš mʤjšï« _‹W« mtD« ahDnk m¿ªjit ! m¿f! 12. ï¥ghlÈ‹ MáÇa® ah®? (m) f©zjhr‹ (M) ghuâjhr‹ (ï) b#afhªj‹ (<) ghuâah® 13. K¤bjhÊšfŸ ahit? (m) mw«, bghUŸ, ï‹g« (M) ïaš, ïir, ehlf« (ï) M¡fš, mʤjš, fh¤jš (<) Mlš, ghlš, XLj 14. ï¥ghlš ïl« bg‰w mo vJiffis vGJf. (m) ïit rÇ, ïit jtW (M) rÇ, jtW (ï) ïit, ïa«ò (<) _‹W«, MW« 15. ï¥ghlš ïl« bg‰w üš vJ? (m) m‹id bkhÊna (M) fhá¡fh©l« (ï) Kšiy¥gh£L (<) fhy¡fÂj« gFâ - II (kâ¥bg©fŸ: 18) ãÇî - 1 vitnaD« eh‹F Édh¡fS¡F k£L« FW»a ÉilaË¡f. [4 × 2 = 8] 21 MtJ ÉdhɉF¡ f£lhakhf ÉilaË¡f nt©L«. 16. Éil¡nf‰w Édh mik¡f. (m) k.bgh. átPhd« á¤j® ghlšfis¤ jhdhfnt ÉU«ã¥ go¤J kdd« brŒth®. (M) jÄHuR¡ fHf¤ij¤ bjhl§»at® k.bgh. átPhd«. 17. eh‹ vGJtj‰F xU ö©LjY« mj‰FÇa fhuzK« c©L - ï¤bjhliu ïU bjhl®fsh¡Ff. 18. tWikÆY« go¥ã‹ÛJ eh£l« bfh©lt® k. bgh. á. v‹gj‰F¢ rh‹W jUf. 19. “k‹D« áy«ng! kÂnk fiytont! K‹D« Ãidthš KojhH thœ¤Jtnk”- I«bgU§fh¥ãa§fSŸ ï›tofËš ïl«bg‰WŸs ïUfh¥ãa§fis¤ jÉu vŠáíŸs fh¥ãa§fË‹ bga®fis vGJf. 20. nghâj®k® F¿¥ò tiuf. 21. ‘cyF’ vd Koí« âU¡Fwis vGJf. A-64 jÄœ - X

• •ãÇî - 2 [5 × 2 = 10] vitnaD« IªJ Édh¡fS¡F k£L« FW»a ÉilaË¡f. • 22. bghU¤jkhdt‰iw¢ brh‰bg£oÆš f©L vGJf. j§F«, ku« åL, mÉG«, ja§F«, kuåL, njh‰ghit, ÉUJ, njh‰git, fÉG« ÉUªJ 1. Éu£lhÔ®fŸ - gwit¡F ............................. . bt£lhÔ®fŸ - kÅjU¡F mitjU« ................... 2. thœ¡ifÆš ................... Û©L« btšY« - ïij¤ j¤JtkhŒ¤ ................... T¤J brhšY« • 23. Ñœ¡fhQ« brh‰fË‹ T£l¥bga®fis¡ f©Lão¤J vGJf. (FÉaš, Fiy, kªij, f£L) 24. ïU brh‰fisí« xnu bjhlÇš mik¤J vGJf. ÉL, åL 25. fiy¢brh‰fŸ jUf. 1. Document 2. Territory 26. m‹ò« mwD« cil¤jhÆ‹ ïšthœ¡if g©ò« gaD« mJ - ï¡FwËš gÆ‹W tªJŸs mÂÆ‹ ïy¡fz« ahJ? 27. ÃW¤j‰F¿fis ïLf. fÉij thœ¡ifÆ‹ âwdhŒî v‹W âwdhŒths® M®dhšL TW»wh® 28. m¿na‹ - gFgj cW¥ãy¡fz« jUf. gFâ - III (kâ¥bg©fŸ: 18) ãÇî - 1 vitnaD« ïu©L Édh¡fS¡F k£L« RU¡fkhf ÉilaË¡f. [2 × 3 = 6] 29. fhŒªj jhtu¤â‹ gFâfS¡F tH§F« brh‰fis vGJf. 30. r§f ïy¡»a§fŸ fh£L« mw§fŸ ï‹iw¡F« njitahditna v‹gj‰F¢ áy vL¤J¡fh£LfŸ jUf. 31. ciu¥g¤âia¥ go¤J Édh¡fS¡F Éil jUf. fU¤jhHK« thrf¢ Rit¥ò« fyªJ ïy¡»a§fŸ gil¤jt® b#afhªj‹. rkfhy¡ fU¤Jfisí« Ãfœîfisí« rkfhy bkhÊÆš rkfhy cz®Éš jªjt® mt®; áWfij, òâd«, âiu¥gl«, K‹Diu, ng£o vd vij¤ bjh£lhY«, jÅK¤âiu gâ¤jt®. ïy¡»a¤â‰fhd bgU« ÉUJfis bt‹wt®. kÅj« njhŒªj vG¤jhSik Ä¡ft® b#afhªj‹. mtuJ fhªj¤ j‹ikíila vG¤ij Ãidñ£L« tifÆš mtuJ gil¥ò¥ òijaÈÈUªJ áy kÂfis¤ bjhL¤J b#afhªj« v‹D« Ãidî ïjœ cUth¡f¥g£LŸsJ. (m) b#afhªj‹ v¤jifa ïy¡»a§fis¥ gil¤jt®? (M) b#afhªj‹ vj‰fhd ÉUJfis bt‹wh®? (ï) v¤jifa vG¤jhSik Ä¡ft®? khâÇ Édh¤jhŸ-4 A-65

ãÇî - 2 vitnaD« ïu©L Édh¡fS¡F k£L« RU¡fkhf ÉilaË¡f. 34 MtJ ÉdhɉF¡ f£lhakhf ÉilaË¡f nt©L«. [2 × 3 = 6] 32. ghrt®, thrt®, gšÃz ÉiyP®, ckz® - áy¥gâfhu« fh£L« ï›tÂf®fŸ aht®? 33. fh‰nw th fÉijÆš ghuâah® TWtdt‰iw¤ bjhF¤J vGJf. 34. moãwHhkš vGJf. (m) “m‹id bkhÊna” vd¤ bjhl§F« ‘m‹id bkhÊna’ ghlš. (mšyJ) (M) “mUis¥ bgU¡»” vd¤ bjhl§F« ‘Úâ bt©gh’ ghlš. ãÇî - 3 vitnaD« ïu©L Édh¡fS¡F k£L« RU¡fkhf ÉilaË¡f. [2 × 3 = 6] 35. FwŸ bt©ghÉ‹ ïy¡fz¤ij vGâ vL¤J¡fh£L¤ jUf. 36. fhk« btFË ka¡f« ïit_‹w‹ ehk« bfl¡bfL« nehŒ - my»£L thŒghL vGJf. 37. âizí«, bghGijí« m£ltiz¥gL¤Jf. gFâ - IV (kâ¥bg©fŸ: 25) mid¤J Édh¡fS¡F« ÉilaË¡f. [5 × 5 = 25] 38. (m) áy¥gâfhu kUñ®¥gh¡f tÂf åâfis ï¡fhy tÂf tshf§fnshL«, m§fhofnshL« x¥ã£L vGJf. (mšyJ) (M) fUizaÅ‹ jhŒ kiwî¡F, åukhKÅt®j« ó¡fŸ ngh‹w ctikfshY« cUtf ky®fshY« Ãfœ¤âa fÉjhŠrÈia ÉtÇ¡f. 39. (m) mYtyf cjÉahs® g nt©o É©z¥g« tiuf. (mšyJ) (M) j§if¡F¤ âw‹ngᥠga‹gh£odhš V‰gL« e‹ik, Ôikfis¡ F¿¥ã£L m¿îiu¡ foj« vGJf. 40. v©z§fis vG¤jh¡Ff. A-66 jÄœ - X

41. Ñœ¡fhQ« got¤ij Ãu¥òf. üyf cW¥ãd® got« ......................... kht£l üyf Miz¡FG ika / »is / C®¥òw üyf« ............................................................................................................................................... cW¥ãd® nr®¡if m£il m£il v© cW¥ãd® v© 1. bga® ............................................................................ 2. jªij bga® ............................................................................ 3. ãwªj njâ ............................................................................ 4. taJ ............................................................................ 5. go¥ò ............................................................................ 6. bjhiyngá v© ............................................................................ 7. KftÇ ............................................................................ (mŠrš F¿p£L v©Ql‹) ............................................................................ eh‹ ......................................... üyf¤âš cW¥ãduhf¥ gâî brŒa ï¤Jl‹ fh¥ò¤bjhif % ........................................., rªjh bjhif % ......................................... Mf bkh¤j« % ......................................... buh¡fkhf¢ brY¤J»nw‹. üyf eilKiw k‰W« ÉâfS¡F¡ f£L¥gL»nw‹ vd cWâaË¡»nw‹. ïl« : j§fŸ c©ikíŸs ehŸ : âU / âUkâ / bršÉ / bršt‹ ......................................... mt®fis vd¡F e‹F bjÇí« vd¢ rh‹W mË¡»nw‹. mYtyf K¤âiu ãiz¥ghs® ifbah¥g« (gjÉ k‰W« mYtyf«) (khÃy / ika muR mâfhÇfŸ, fšÿÇ Kjšt®fŸ nguháÇa®fŸ, ca® / nkšÃiy¥gŸË jiyik MáÇa®fŸ, r£lk‹w / ehlhSk‹w cW¥ãd®fŸ, efuh£á / khefuh£á / x‹¿a / ng%uh£á cW¥ãd®fŸ) 42. (m) bjhiy¡fh£á Ãfœîfisna gh®¤J¡bfh©oU¡F« j«ã; âw‹ngáÆnyna Éisaho¡bfh©oU¡F« j§if; fhbzhÈ Éisah£LfËš _œ»ÆU¡F« njhH‹; v¥nghJ« r_f Clf§fËš ïa§»ago ïU¡F« njhÊ. ït®fŸ vªneuK« el¥òy»š ïU¡fhkš f‰gid cy»š Äj¥gt®fshf ïU¡»wh®fŸ! ït®fis be¿¥gL¤â eilKiw cy»š brašglit¡f Ú§fŸ brŒí« Ka‰áfis¥ g£oaš ïLf. (mšyJ) khâÇ Édh¤jhŸ-4 A-67

(M) bkhÊbga®¡f. 1. Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in School. - Albert Einstein 2. Tomorrow is often the busiest day of the week. - Spanish Proverb 3. It is during our darkest moments that we must focus to see the light. - Aristotle 4. Success is not final, failure is not fatal. It is the courage to continue that counts. - Winston Churchill. gFâ - V (kâ¥bg©fŸ: 24) mid¤J Édh¡fS¡F« ÉÇthf ÉilaË¡f. [3 × 8 = 24] 43. (m) j®¡f¤â‰F m¥ghš v‹D« b#afhªj‹ áW fijia RU¡» vGJf. (mšyJ) (M) eh£L ÉHh¡fŸ - ÉLjiy¥ nghuh£l tuyhW - eh£o‹ K‹nd‰w¤âš kh™t® g§F - F¿¥òfis¡ bfh©L xU g¡f msÉš ‘khzt¥ gUtK« eh£L¥ g‰W«’ v‹w jiy¥ãš nkil ciu vGJf. 44. (m) `mH»ÇrhÄÆ‹ xUt‹ ïU¡»wh‹’ áWfijÆš kÅj¤ij btË¥gL¤J« fij khªj® F¿¤J vGJf. (mšyJ) (M) “v‹ k¡fŸ midt®¡F« ey« »£L« všyhU« eyKl‹ thœth®fŸ” - v‹w ïuhkhDrÇ‹ T‰W¡F V‰òila j‹dyk‰w g©ò bfh©l c‹id¡ ft®ªj MSik xUtiu¡ F¿¤J ÉtǤJ vGJf. 45. (m) F¿¥òfis¡ bfh©L f£Liu x‹W jUf. K‹Diu - Kiwahd x¥gªj« - Ú® njitia rkhˤjš - FiwghLfŸ - â£l« - e‹ikfŸ - Koîiu. (mšyJ) (M) c§fŸ gFâÆš eilbg‰w muR¥ bghU£fh£á¡F¢ br‹W tªj Ãfœit¡ f£Liuah¡Ff. A-68 jÄœ - X

ÉilfŸ khâÇ Édh¤jhŸ - 4 1. (ï) eh£Lilik 2. (ï) _‹W 3. (ï) kÂtif 4. (M) bg‰w Rjªâu¤ij¥ ng¡ fh¤jš 5. (ï) cŒatªj bgUkhis 6. (ï) F¿Šá, kUj«, beŒjš Ãy§fŸ 7. (M) MW 8. (m) âU¥gâí« âU¤jÂí« 9. (ï) òJ¡fÉij 10. (<) 105 11. (ï) m‹bkhʤbjhif 12. (m) f©zjhr‹ 13. (ï) M¡fš, mʤjš, fh¤jš 14. (m) ïit rÇ, ïit jtW 15. (<) fhy¡fÂj« ãÇî-1 • bgs¤j rka¤ j¤Jt¤â‹ xU 16. (m) k.bgh. átPhd« vt‰iw ãÇit¥ nghâ¤jh®. ÉU«ã¥ go¤J kdd« brŒth®? • mâÈUªJ cUthdnj “b#‹” (M) jÄHuR¡ fHf¤ij¤ bjhl§»at® j¤Jt«. ïJ, ã‹d® #¥gh‹ KjÈa ehLfS¡F« guÉ¢ brʤJ ah®? És§»aJ. 17.  eh‹ vGJtj‰F xU ö©LjY« • nghâ jUkU¡F¢ Ód®fŸ nfhÉš c©L. f£o¢ áiy it¤J ï‹wsî«  eh‹ vGJtj‰F xU fhuzK« tz§» tUtJ F¿¥ãl¤j¡fJ. c©L 21. F‰w« ïydhŒ¡ FobrŒJ thœthid¢ 18. • üšth§Ftj‰F¥nghâagzÄšyhj R‰wkh¢ R‰W« cyF. Fiwahš giHa ò¤jf§fŸ ɉF« filfS¡F¢ br‹W, jd¡F ãÇî-2 ÉU¥gkhd ò¤jf§fis, Äf Äf¡ Fiwªj Éiy¡F th§»dh®. 22 . 1. Éu£lhÔ®fŸ - gwit¡F ku« åL bt£lhÔ®fŸ - kÅjU¡F • czî¡fhf it¤âU¡F« gz¤âš ò¤jf§fis th§»É£L, gy mitjU« kuåL. ntisfËš g£oÅ »lªâU¡»wh®. 2. thœ¡ifÆš njh‰git • Fiwªj Éiy¡F ešy übyh‹W Û©L« btšY« - ïij¤ »il¤JÉ£lhš nguhdªj« j¤JtkhŒ¤ njh‰ghit¡ T¤J milth®. brhšY«. 23. • ïj‹ _y« tWikÆY« go¥ã‹ ÛJ eh£l« bfh©lt® v‹gJ brhš T£l¥bga® òydh»wJ. fš f‰FÉaš 19. Ótf áªjhkÂ, tisahgâ, F©lynfá gH« gH¡Fiy 20. • ».ã. (bgh. M) Mwh« ü‰wh©o‹ òš òšf£L bjhl¡f¤âš fhŠá khefu¤J¢ á‰wur® xUt® nghâj®k® v‹D« ML M£Lkªij rka¥bga®ó©L Ódhî¡F¢ br‹wh®. 24. gÅ¡fhy¤âš åL bršY« v©z¤ij¡ ifÉL. 25. 1. Document - Mtz« 2. Territory - Ãy¥gFâ A- 104 jÄœ - X

26. ï¡FwËš m‹ò« mwD« v‹w 28. m¿na‹ = m¿ + Œ + (M) + V‹ brh‰fis tÇirahf ÃW¤â, g©ò« m¿ - gFâ gaD« v‹w brh‰fis Kiwgl¡ Œ - cl«gLbkŒ rªâ T¿íŸsikahš ïJ Ãuš Ãiw m (M) - vâ®kiw ïilÃiy MF«. òz®ªJ bf£lJ V‹ - j‹ik xUik ÉidK‰W 27. `fÉij thœ¡ifÆ‹ âwdhŒî’ v‹W ÉFâ âwdhŒths® M®dhšL TW»wh®. ÉilfŸ A- 105

ENGLISH QUESTION PAPER DESIGN (Strictly based on Reduced Syllabus for 2022 Board Exams) Part Types of Questions Marks No. of Questions Total to be Answered Marks Part Synonyms, Antonyms, Plural form, Affixes, 1 14 14 I Abbreviations & Acronyms, Phrasal Verb, Compound word, Preposition, Tenses, Linkers Section I 236 (Prose two mark questions) Section II 2 36 (Poetry two mark questions ) 2 36 Part Section III 2 12 II (Active Voice & Passive Voice, Direct Speech & 5 2 10 Indirect Speech, Punctuation, Simple, Compound, Complex Sentences, Rearrange words to make meaningful sentences) Section IV (Road Map) Section I (Prose Paragraph) Section II 5 2 10 (Poem Paragraph, Poetic devices, 5 15 Poem Paraphrase) 5 4 20 5 15 Part Section III 8 2 16 III (Coherent Order & Comprehension) Section IV (Advertisement, Letter Writing, Notice, E-mail, Slogan Writing, Speech, Article, Report Writing, Picture Comprehension, Note-making or Summary, Spot the error) Section V (Quote from memory) Part Developing Hints, Paragraph Comprehension or IV Poem Comprehension Total Marks 100 B-1

1Sample Paper- Time: 3 Hours (SOLVED) Maximum Marks: 100 PART - I A nswer all the questions. [14 × 1= 14] Choose the most suitable answer and write the code with corresponding answer. [Answers are in Bold] Choose the appropriate synonyms for the italicised words. 1. He felt certain that his wings would never support him. (a) curtain (b) screen (c) sure (d) unsure 2. Gone are the days, where women in India remained indoors. (d) signed (a) stayed (b) realised (c) regained 3. ‘We left our ancestral house, twenty-nine years ago. (a) inherited (b) anterior (c) interior (d) palatial Choose the appropriate antonym for the italicised words. 4. It covered the expedition in five legs with stop-overs at four ports. (a) exposed (b) shielded (c) protected (d) hid 5. Technology determines if its impacts are positive. (a) confident (b) affirmative (c) promotional (d) negative 6. The oppressors dominated over the language and culture of the Germans. (a) released (b) conquered (c) liberated (d) controlled 7. Choose the correct plural form of ‘Chinese’ from the following. (a) Chinese (b) Chineses (c) Chinesies (d) Chinesses 8. Form a derivative by adding the right prefix to the word – ‘legal’. (a) en- (b) mis- (c) il- (d) dis- 9. Choose the correct expansion of the abbreviation PSU. (a) Public Sector University (b) Public Sector Unit (c) Public Service Unit (d) Public Sector Unit 10. Complete the following sentence with the most appropriate phrasal verb given below: The air hostess instructed the passengers to wear the seat belts during the ........................ . (a) take off (b) take out (c) take after (d) take in 11. Choose the suitable option to pair it with the word ‘wash’ to form a compound word. (a) clean (b) gentle (c) room (d) out 12. Fill in the blank with the most appropriate preposition given below: He was wearing a dhoti and a blue striped shirt that could be seen from ................... a green shawl. (a) across (b) under (c) into (d) inside B-3

13. Complete the following sentence using the most appropriate tense form of the verb given below: The sun …………… in the west. (a) sets (b) is setting (c) was set (d) will set 14. Choose the most appropriate linker from the given four alternatives. He believed ....................... Maede’s men were beginning to retreat. (a) for (b) and (c) but (d) that PART - II [10 × 2 = 20] Section - I [3 × 2 = 6] Answer any three of the following questions in a sentence or two. 15. How was the young seagull’s first attempt to fly? The young seagull was very hungry. So he dived at the fish that was in his mother’s beak. But he fell into space and became terribly afraid. His heart stood still. He could hear nothing for just a minute. The next moment he felt his wings spread outwards and began to fly up and down fearless into the sky. 16. Which skill was considered important in the selection process? How long were they trained to undertake this voyage? Little survival skills they showcased was considered important in the selection process. They were trained for almost three years to undertake this voyage. 17. What was the condition of the attic? A portion of a wall of the attic had crumbled down. In the whole house, the attic had probably been the worst hit by wind and weather. The floor was strewn with twigs and straw and pigeon droppings. 18. What can be the matter now?” says Franz. Why, do you think he commented? When Franz passed by the bulletin board near the town-hall, he noticed a crowd there. He did not stop there nor wondered what could be the matter then. For the last two years they had received all the bad news from the bulletin-board—the lost battle, the draft and the orders of the commanding officer. Section – II Read the following sets of poetic lines and answer any THREE of the following. [3 x 2 = 6] 19. “In the dim past, nor holding back in fear From what the future veils; but with a whole And happy heart, that pays its toll To Youth and Age, and travels on with cheer.” (a) What does the poet mean by the phrase ‘in the dim past’? (b) How can one travel on with cheer? (a) The poet means that the past was very dull and glum. (b) One can travel cheerfully with a happy heart. 20. “Despite the sighs and groans and moans, She’s strong in her faith, firm in her belief!.” (a) Is she complaining about the problems of life? B-4 English – X

(b) Pick out the words that show her grit. (a) No she is not complaining about the problems of life. (b) The words that show her grit are strong and firm. 21. “We were taken from the ore-bed and the mine, We were melted in the furnace and the pit ” (a) Who does ‘we’ refer to in first stanza? (b) Who are the speakers and listeners of this poem? (a) ‘We’ refers to the Machines in the first stanza. (b) The speakers are the Machines which are the brain children of man and the listeners are the readers of this poem. 22. “Let me but live my life from year to year, With forward face and unreluctant soul;” (a) What do you understand by the words, ‘forward face’? (b) With what kind of attitude does the speaker wish to lead his life in the poem, ‘Life’ by Henry Van Dyke? (a) The words, ‘forward face’ indicate the courage with which one is ready to face anything in life. (b) In the poem, ‘Life’ the speaker wishes to lead his life with a forward face and unreluctant soul. Hence the speaker’s attitude is optimistic. Section – III Answer any THREE of the following. [3 x 2 = 6] 23. Rewrite the following sentence to the other voice. Are you disturbed by listening to hard rock music? Does listening to hard rock music disturb you? 24. Rewrite using indirect speech. Shalini said to Mr. Shamrock, “Have you decided to give me the job?” Shalini asked Mr. Shamrock if he had decided to give her the job. 25. Punctuate the following. Psst I hissed, in the dark shaking him. ‘Psst!’ I hissed, in the dark, shaking him. 26. Transform the following sentence into a simple sentence. As there was a heavy downpour, the match was cancelled. Due to a heavy downpour, the match was cancelled. 27. Rearrange the words in the correct order to make meaningful sentences. (a) advertise/ use/ convenient/ telephone/ you/ as/ to/ banking/ your/ service/ and/ easy (b) afraid/ not/ of/ evidence/ have/ I /features/ seen/ am/ I/ either/ yet/ these/ of (a) You advertise your telephone banking service as easy to use and convenient. (b) I am afraid I have not yet seen evidence of either of these features. Sample Paper - 1 B-5

Section – IV [1 x 2 = 2] Answer the following question. 28. Your neighbour wants to meet his friend in MM Hospital. Write in about 50 words / 5 sentences guiding him with your directions. Rajaji Street 1 sSthMaaintnhiRoCaoldony ATM SchRoSolK HospiMtaMl SHANTHI COLONY MAIN ROAD You are Sha2nndthMi aCionloRnoyad Here • Go straight on Rajaji Street and take the first right on Shanthi Colony Main Road. • Proceed further and go past the 1st main road on the left and 2nd main road on the right. • Take the road on the left after the 2nd main road. You will find MM Hospital on the right side. PART - III [10 × 5 = 50] Section – I Answer any TWO of the following in utmost 10 lines. [2 × 5 = 10] 29. ‘Maddened by hunger, he dived at the fish,’ says the narrator about the young seagull. Do you feel hunger was the main motivating force that made the young seagull take the plunge that taught him how to fly in the air? Food is the most essential ingredient that sustains all life – of humans, animals as well as birds. Hunger motivates many of their actions. The young seagull used to sit all alone on his ledge. Whenever he tried to flap his wings to fly, he was seized with fear. He felt certain that his wings would never support him. He had seen his older brother catch his first herring and devour it. It compounded his helplessness even more. He uttered a joyful scream when he saw his mother holding a piece of fish in her beak and flying quite near him. He wondered why she didn’t come to him and offer that piece of fish to him. Maddened by hunger, he dived at the fish. With a loud scream he fell outwards and downwards into space. Then a monstrous terror seized him but only for a minute. The next moment he felt his wings spread outwards. He began to soar downwards towards the sea. The fear left him. He began to float on the sea. His admiring family offered him pieces of fish flying around him. “Your hunger must be absolutely compelling in order to overcome the obstacles that will invariably come your way.” B-6 English – X

30. Give a detailed account of all thoughts and questions in the narrator’s mind while accompanying Aditya from the tea shop to Sanyal’s house? The narrator had noticed the keen interest of Aditya in seeing the tea shop at Bramhapur if it still existed. They saw Sasanka Sanyal another customer seated in one corner of the Nagen’s Tea Cabin. When that customer was asked to leave by Nagen the owner, he behaved strangely and reacted sharply. Before leaving the place, he stretched himself, raised his lean arm and with diluted eyes recited a poem by Tagore. On hearing this poem and seeing the customer’s strange gesture of Namaste, Aditya’s expression changed. The narrator noticed the eagerness in Aditya to know who the gentlemen were and what he was doing. The information he had received from Nagen uncle perturbed Aditya. He was distressed perhaps to know that the man lost his wife and only son last year. When he left, Aditya was bent on knowing where the gentleman stayed and drove straight to his ancestral house with firm determination. His nerves seemed overwrought for some reason and he felt a strong necessity to visit his house. Aditya was totally a different person now and he expressed keen interest to visit his house where he lived twenty-nine years ago. “Memories are sometimes pleasant yet disturbing.” 31. How do we use technology in our day to day lives? Technology is growing day after day and we all depend on technology. Today we have various developing technologies that impact our lives in different ways. As the world keeps on developing, technology will change. Keeping oneself updated is very important in this modern world. It has totally transformed the life of an individual. A Refrigerator is programmed to replenish food when the vegetables or milk or eggs are over. Ink cartridges too self-order replacements when it is empty. Technology helps one to manage entertainment and home appliances by voice commands or swapping the finger. When you are bored watching a programme on TV, you can just inform your smart TV your desire to view your social feed. Technology helps you to watch programmes understanding your mood swings. When caught in traffic, technology permits your kettle to prepare tea for you to sip it hot the moment you reach home. Technology also automates all water and energy management systems. Therefore, accepting it and learning how to use technology in whatever we do is highly important and recommended. “We are changing the world with Technology.” 32. Highlight the factors responsible for the all-women Indian Navy crew to carry out their expedition. The support the crew members received was a major factor. When they knew that they were doing well and looked after themselves well, in spite of all apprehensions they were supportive. The crew members’ personal aim and target mattered a lot. Mostly they wanted to make sure that they complete the journey with ultimate honesty without the use of engines. Than the destination, the journey was important. So their contention was to make sure that they go by the rules of circumnavigation without any means of repulsion and anybody else’s assistance. The presence of mind and common sense to make decisions and act quickly was an added factor. They had to quickly do an analysis of problem solving techniques. Ego Sample Paper - 1 B-7

should never come amidst them. Team work helped them to collaborate and work together. Mutual understanding was important too. One would heat the water while the other would heat the gloves or even rested. Over all the confidence you had in each other than the trust and acceptance as every member of the crew to be a family was a must to carry out the expedition. “It’s about women helping women and women doing things together and supporting each other” Section – II Answer any TWO of the following in utmost 10 lines. [2 × 5 = 10] 33. How are today’s women portrayed by the poet? Rakhi Nariani Shirke is an academician with a passion for writing poems as a medium of self-expression. This poem talks about the multifaceted nature of women. A woman is born beautiful and beauty is an inborn trait. She is a symbol of supremacy and strength. She takes risks in life for she is real and always genuine. Today’s women are empowered, brave, strong and resolute. They are always ready to take up new ventures. They are persistent and work tirelessly to prove what they are capable of. Women have to be treated respectfully for the growth of a nation. As stated earlier, she is the symbol of strength as she is strong in her faith and beliefs. In spite of all the outbreaks and cries and laments, she is strong in her hope and firm in her trust. She is a lioness, brave and daring. She is a disciplinarian and will not tolerate your pranks with her. She is a woman of today smart and brave. “Each time a woman stands up for herself, she stands up for all women.” 34. Elucidate – We are nothing more than children of your brain. “The Secret of the Machines” looks back to the poems rejoicing modern technology which had pre-occupied Kipling during the mid-1990s. This poem by Rudyard Kipling, a famous British poet, is about the status of machines in the age of the industrial progress. The poet qualifies machines to define the situation from their point of view! In many of those poems it is the machines themselves who speak, taking on human characteristics and feelings. In “The Secret of the Machines” the anthropomorphism is choral, with the machines conveying their message in a collective chant, informing the reader, posing rhetorical questions, offering a stern warning about their potential strength and finally submitting to their masters – the human brain. This is yet another example of Kipling’s constant, though often tilted is the denial of religion. The machines have the ability to change the environment of all created things except The Gods, the creator of humanbeings. The machines assert that they have produced a kind of smoke-screen which is momentarily covering the fact that it is you, the human beings, who are the true gods, with the machines nothing more than children of your brain! If the machines are to function to their full capacity they must be dutifully controlled by the Gods who have created them. That is why it is so important for man to understand the Law that machines ‘are not built to comprehend a lie.’ “Your beliefs become your thoughts Your thoughts – your words Technology is your Destiny.” B-8 English – X

35. Read the following stanza and answer the questions given below. “So let the way wind up the hill or down, O’er rough or smooth, the journey will be joy: Still seeking what I sought when but a boy, New friendship, high adventure, and a crown, ” (i) Pick out the rhyming words from the above lines. (ii) Write the rhyme scheme. (iii) Identify the figure of speech employed in the third line of the given stanza. (iv) Pick out the alliterated words in the first line. (i) Down and crown; joy and boy (ii) abba is the rhyme scheme of the above stanza. (iii) The figure of speech is alliteration. (iv) The alliterated words are ‘way wind’. 36. Paraphrase the following stanza. My heart will keep the courage of the quest, And hope the road’s last turn will be the best. No matter what happens optimism is the ultimate solution that makes the poet stand up after every fall. Upon staying erect he hopes the end result will bring him all the fortune that he has ever looked for. Section – III Answer any ONE of the following. [1 × 5 = 5] 37. Rearrange the following sentences in coherent order. (i) Arvind corrected Maya and said that the beetle is called Spitfire. (ii) But their father said that Zigzag is the most harmless, unusual and lovable bird. (iii) Dr. Ashok’s clinic sounded more a torture chamber than a child specialist clinic. (iv) He felt it could be Uncle Somu’s pet snake. (v) Maya felt that the giant green-and -gold fighting beetle was Zigzag. Ans. Rearranged number sequence: (iii), (v), (i), (iv), (ii) (iii) Dr. Ashok’s clinic sounded more a torture chamber than a child specialist clinic. (v) Maya felt that the giant green-and -gold fighting beetle was Zigzag. (i) Arvind corrected Maya and said that the beetle is called Spitfire. (iv) He felt it could be Uncle Somu’s pet snake. (ii) But their father said that Zigzag is the most harmless, unusual and lovable bird. 38. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. Ariel took rather too much pleasure in tormenting an ugly monster called Caliban, because he was the son of his old enemy Sycorax. Caliban was employed like a slave, to fetch wood, and do the most laborious offices; and Ariel had the charge of compelling him to these services. With the help of these spirits, Prospero could command the winds, and the waves of the sea. By his orders they raised a violent storm, in the midst of which, he showed his daughter a fine Sample Paper - 1 B-9

large ship, which he told her was full of living beings like themselves. “Oh my dear father,” said she, “if by your art you have raised this dreadful storm, have pity on their sad distress. See! The vessel will be dashed to pieces. Poor souls! They will all perish.” “Be not so amazed, daughter Miranda,” said Prospero; “there is no harm done. I have so ordered it, that no person in the ship shall receive any hurt. (i) Who was Caliban? (ii) What was the work given to Caliban by Ariel? (iii) How did Prospero use the spirits? (iv) What did Prospero show his daughter? (v) What was the fear of Miranda? (i) Caliban, an ugly monster was the son of Ariel’s old enemy Sycorax, the witch. (ii) Ariel made Caliban fetch wood and do most of the laborious offices. (iii) Prospero with the help of the spirits commanded the winds and the waves of the sea. (iv) Prospero showed a fine large ship in the midst of a violent storm that he had created. (v) Miranda feared that the vessel would be dashed to pieces and that the people in the ship may perish. Section – IV Answer any FOUR of the following. [4 × 5 = 20] 39. Prepare an attractive advertisement using the hints given below. Milton Electronic Ltd – 30% discount sale – all electronic appliances – additional warranty – gifts with every purchase. Milton Electronics Ltd. 3D0is%cSoaulnet 44, Mettu Street, Ayanavaram, Chennai eFvrEeexertyegnpdifeutdsrcwwhariatrahsnety Ct: 9841566666 9841577777 B-10 English – X

40. You are Catherine/ Shilogaran. You want to share your thoughts to Angeline who was your classmate five years ago when you were in Class V. You have not met after leaving school. Write a letter explaining your life. Ans. 40, West Street, 10th August, 2020 Dear Angeline, By the grace of God, we are doing well and I hope the same from you and your family. It’s been five long years since we have met or had the opportunity to write to each other. I recently came to Chennai and happened to see your neighbour during my visit. I asked for your address and here I am wanting to share my days at Salem with a friend whom my miss a lot. My father was transferred to Salem during our summer vacation after our Terminal exams for Std V. Hence I could not inform you in person. I am now studying in Reva Public School at Srimangalam Colony. The teachers are very cordial and good coaching. I miss the Sports activities here since we do not have a playground. We do have a P.T. period but we just do exercises and running. I miss playing Khokho and Football at Vellore Voorhees school. This year, being in tenth, we went on an excursion to Hyderabad. It was my first trip out of Tamil Nadu and also my trip without my family. Though I enjoyed the trip with my friends, I did miss my family. Angelene I hope to receive a letter from you and I am so excited penning a few words to you. Looking forward to hearing from you at the earliest and do convey my regards to uncle and aunty. Loads of love, Catherine/Shilogaran 41. As student Editor, draft a notice in not more than 50 words for your school notice board inviting articles from the students for your school magazine. You are Caleb/Christabel of Daniel Matriculation School, Chennai. Daniel Matriculation School, Chennai NOTICE Articles for School Magazine 20th October, 2020 Students from Std. VI to X are requested to write and submit articles for the school magazine. You can write essays, poems, short stories, snippets, real life incidents, pencil sketches and paintings, Jokes and riddles in English, Tamil and Hindi. Do keep in mind the theme of the year ‘Be the Change to Bring a Change’. Last date for submission of articles to the undersigned is 5th January, 2020. All the club secretaries are requested to submit the activities report too. Caleb / Christabel Student Editors Sample Paper - 1 B-11

42. Look at the following picture and express your views on it in about five sentences. Happy Time at the Beach Family time is very important for family ties to be strengthened. This picture portrays a family where the father relaxes under a beach umbrella and hopes to enjoy the suntan effect. Under another umbrella you can see the mother relaxing with a book in hand. A small little girl enjoys making a sand castle while her brother runs to plunge into the water. You can also see a boy swimming in the water. Birds are hoping to find some food as people are in the seashore. 43. Make notes or write a summary of the following passage. The term earthquake is applied to any tremor or shaking of the ground. Many earthquakes are so gentle as to pass almost unrecognised, others are sufficiently pronounced to excite general alarm, while some spread enormous destruction. Destructive earthquakes are usually confined to limited regions. The usual phenomena recorded in well-known earthquakes are first a trembling, next one or more severe shocks, and then a trembling which gradually dies away. In most cases, each shock lasts only a few seconds, but the tremblings that follow may continue for days, weeks, or even months. Noises of various kinds usually accompany an earthquake. They have been likened to the howling of storm, the growling of thunder, the clanking and clashing of iron chains, or the rumbling of heavy wagons along a road. Such noises are conducted through the ground, or they may travel through the sea or air, and are often heard at great distances from the place where the shock is felt. Some earthquakes, however, are not accompanied by these noises. At the time of the terrible shock which destroyed Riobamba in Ecuador on February 4, 1797, a complete silence reigned. Among destructive earthquakes in modern times may be mentioned the one that destroyed coastal towns in Tamil Nadu in 2004. Notes Title: Earthquake 1. Definition. –tremor/shaking of ground 2. Types of Earthquake (a) Gentle - unrecognized B-12 English – X

(b) Sufficiently pronounced - gentle alarm (c) Severe—enormous destruction 3. Signs of Occurrence (a) Trembling - 1 or more severe shocks - trembling (b) Various Noises (i) howling of storm (ii) growling of thunder (iii) clanking / clashing of iron chains (iv) rumbling of heavy wagon on road (c) Range - through ground, sea, air - heard at distance (d) Some earthquakes silent Title: Earthquake R ough draft Earthquake takes place due to tremor or shaking of the ground. Some earthquakes are so gentle that these are known unrecognised while some spread destruction. Destructive earthquakes are noisy, linked to the howling of storm, the growling of thunder, the clanking and clashing of iron chains. Many earthquakes also cause land slips and cracks in the earth that sometimes affect the drainage system of the country. In volcanic and mountainous regions, earthquakes are common. At the time of the terrible shock which destroyed Riobamba in Ecuador in 1797, a complete silence reigned. Among destructive earthquakes in modern times may be mentioned the one that destroyed coastal towns in Tamil Nadu in 2004. Fair draft Title : Earthquake Earthquake takes place due to tremor or shaking of the ground. Some earthquakes are so gentle that these are known unrecognised while some spread destruction. Destructive earth- quakes are noisy, linked to the howling of storm, the growling of thunder, the clanking and clashing of iron chains. Many earthquakes also cause land slips and cracks in the earth that sometimes affect the drainage system of the country. In volcanic and mountainous regions, earthquakes are common. Some can be silent like the one which occurred in Ecuador on Feb 4, 1797. Tsunami of 2004 was devastating in Tamil Nadu. No. of words written in the summary: 87 44. Identify and correct the errors in the following sentences. (a) Which dress is the best of the two that I have shown you? (b) I have got my M. Sc. degree in 1988. (c) A new park are coming up near our house. (d) It is no doubt that my dad is in bad mood today. (e) They have been very close friends until they quarrelled. (a) Which dress is the better of the two that I have shown you? (b) I got my M. Sc. degree in 1988. (c) A new park is coming up near our house. (d) There is no doubt that my dad is in bad mood today. (e) They have been very close friends before they quarrelled. Sample Paper - 1 B-13

Section – V [1 x 5 = 5] 45. Quote from memory. From : A woman is ............................ see in spring. A woman is beauty innate, A symbol of power and strength. She puts her life at stake, She’s real, she’s not fake! The summer of life she’s ready to see in spring. Part - IV 46. Write a paragraph of about 150 words by developing the following hints. [2 x 8 = 16] (a) The plot – Prospero’s revenge – the spirit of Ariel – dirty work – shipwreck – Antonio – a sea storm – shipwreck the crew – A delicious banquet – King of Naples – the lost son – meticulous planning – rivals state of regret – re-establish the legal command – dukedom of Milan – Prospero all-powerful – past conspirators face-to-face the sins of their past, repent and plead forgiveness. The plot in the play, The Tempest, by William Shakespeare revolves around Prospero enacting his revenge on various characters who have wronged him in different ways. Interestingly, he uses the spirit of Ariel to deliver the punishments while Prospero delegates the action. Prospero sends Ariel to do his dirty work while hiding his involvement in shipwrecking his brother, Antonio, from his daughter, Miranda. He creates a sea storm and makes the vessel to toss and shipwreck the crew. Every member thinks that he is the only one saved. A delicious banquet is placed before the King of Naples that vanishes before they could relish its taste. At another stage, those who were thought dead were discovered alive. The lost son, Ferdinand is resorted to a joyous father making those who have committed offenses repent. Prospero meticulously plans to bring his rivals to a state of regret so that he can pardon them and re-establish the legal command of things to his dukedom of Milan. Prospero being all- powerful over the island, can easily destroy or punish his enemies as he wishes. However, he chooses not to and brings the past conspirators face-to- face with the sins of their past, which causes them to repent and plead his forgiveness. [OR] (b) Dr. Krishnan took Zigzag to clinic – Somu’s cook, Visu – ZigZag couldn’t wait – perched himself on reception table – hardly walked – heard a strange voice – pin-drop silence – Zigzag’s grumpy expression was lost – happy and alert – African witch doctor – Dr. Krishnan’s clinic – a noisy sea – calm, orderly place – yam-digging song – recitation of French poetry – Zigzag never slept nor snored – Dr. Krishnan knew Zigzag – absolute treasure. Dr. Krishnan nervously took ZigZag to his clinic wondering how he would locate Somu’s cook, Visu. He asked ZigZag to wait in the car but he was shocked at the turn of events. Ziggy-Zagga-King-of-the-Tonga was not accustomed to being kept waiting and made his way to the clinic where he perched himself on the nurse’s reception table. He had hardly B-14 English – X

walked through the swinging half-door that separated his clinic from the waiting room when he heard a strange voice say, ‘You there in the blue T-shirt, don’t jump on the sofa. And you in the red dress, don’t swing on the curtain.’ It was Zigzag’s voice, clear and commanding. There was pin-drop silence in the room as everyone waited, open-mouthed, for Zigzag’s next sentence. Gone was Zigzag’s bored and grumpy expression. Instead, the bird looked happy and alert as it went about the job it had been trained for, first with the African witch doctor and then with Dr. Somu. Dr. Krishnan’s clinic, usually a noisy sea of tears and tantrums, was transformed into a calm, orderly place as Zigzag efficiently soothed the frightened patients, scolded the naughty ones and made the crying ones smile. And if his yam-digging song and recitation of French poetry reduced the children to helpless laughter instead of tears, he didn’t look as though he minded. Best of all, Zigzag never slept. Or snored. Even for a second! Never had a morning passed so quietly and peacefully for Dr. Krishnan. When the last patient had left, he called Zigzag to his room. Zigzag flew in and sat on the table. Dr. Krishnan knew that he was an absolute treasure. 47. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below: India celebrates Slumdog Millionaire’s sweeping success at the Academy Award ceremony last year. In addition to the movie by Director Danny Boyle, which took home eight Oscars, Smile Pinki won for the Best Documentary short subject, telling the story of a six – year – old girl from the village of Dabai in U.P who becomes a social outcast because of a cleft lip. Despite this achievement, few Indians received an award from the victories of British Director Boyle and US. Documentary maker Megan Mylan; they were composer A.R. Rahman, singer Sampooran Singh Gulzar and sound designer Resul Pookutty. Slumdog Millionaire producers have also been dogged by controversy. They have been accused of underpaying the two child actors who worked in the film, Rubina Ali and Mohammed Azharuddin Ismail, who after the completion of the movie went back to live in their slums. Still for ordinary people success in Los Angeles has been the cause for celebration in the streets. Even schools stayed close. What the movie celebrates is not India’s cinema which produces hundreds of movies each year drawing an average 23 million spectators per day, but the country and its stories, placed under the limelight of Hollywood for once. The stories of Mumbai’s slum kids, that of muslim boy Jamal and Pinki from Dabai, are but two of the many faces of today’s India, faces always ignored until Slumdog Millionaire’s triumph put the spotlight on them. Questions. (a) Who is the director of the movie Slumdog Millionaire? (b) Which film was given the Oscar Award for the best documentary short subject and state the reason? (c) What is the controversy about the producers of Slumdog Millionaire? (d) On whom is the story of Slumdog Millionaire centered? (a) Danny Boyle is the director of the movie Slumdog Millionaire. (b) Smile Pinki was given the Oscar Award for the Best Documentary short subject because it brought out the story of a six-year-old girl from the village of Dabai in U.P. who Sample Paper - 1 B-15

became a social outcast because of a cleft lip. (c) The controversy is that the producers have been accused of underpaying the two child actors Rubina Ali and Mohammed Azharuddin Ismail, who after the completion of the movie still live in their slums. (d) The story of Slumdog Millionaire centered on the stories of Mumbai’s slum kids, whose faces are always ignored. [OR] Read the following poem and answer the questions given below: BREAK, BREAK, BREAK Break, break, break, On thy cold grey stones, O Sea! And I would that my tongue could utter The thoughts that arise in me. O well for the fisherman’s boy, That he shouts with his sister at play! O well for the sailor lad, That he sings in his boat on the bay! And the stately ships go on To their haven under the hill; But O for the touch of a vanished hand, And the sound of a voice that is still. Break, break, break, At the foot of thy crags, O Sea! But the tender grace of a day that is dead Will never come back to me. Questions. (a) What does the poet ask the sea to break? (b) What are the fisherman’s children doing on the shore? (c) What does sailor lad singing and children of fishermen playing indicate? (d) What is the moral of the poem? ( a) The poet asks the sea to break the cold grey stones. (b) The fisherman’s children are shouting and playing without any worries on the seashore. (c) It indicates that the children are not bothered about the happenings around nor bothered about the poet’s grief. (d) The moral of the poem is that life goes on despite the human loss, suffering and tragedies. B-16 English – X

4Sample Paper- Time: 3 Hours (UNSOLVED) Maximum Marks: 100 PART - I A nswer all the questions. [14 × 1= 14] Choose the most suitable answer and write the code with corresponding answer. Choose the appropriate synonyms for the italicised words. 1. Wachter was there with his apprentice. (a) appearance (b) baggage (c) calmness (d) trainee 2. We had reached a point where the road bifurcated. (a) separated (b) converged (c) joined (d) ended 3. The real power of women is seen in the advancement of technology and media. (a) alteration (b) alignment (c) deterioration (d) development Choose the appropriate antonym for the italicised words. 4. I doubt if even the school building may have undergone many changes. (a) fickle (b) certain (c) qualm (d) hesitation 5. So my contention was to go by the rules of circumnavigation. (d) deputation (a) disagreement (b) agreement (c) dispute 6. Consumable products self-order replacements. (a) throwaway (b) durable (c) expendable (d) perishable 7. Choose the correct plural form of ‘loaf’. (a) loaflet (b) loafs (c) loaves (d) loafes 8. Form a derivative by adding the right suffix to the word – kind. (a) -ness (b) -our (c) -ship (d) -ment 9. Choose the correct expansion of the abbreviation BPO. (a) Bank Process Outsourcing (b) Better Process Outsourcing (c) Business Process Outsourcing (d) Betting Process Outsourcing 10. Complete the following sentence with the most appropriate phrasal verb given below: My father always ..................... truth and honesty. (a) stands in (b) stands with (c) speaks (d) stands for 11. Choose the suitable option to pair it with the word ‘soft’ to form a compound word. (a) hand (b) ware (c) head (d) back 12. Fill in the blank with the most appropriate preposition given below: The driver jumped ........................... the burning bus. (a) before (b) down (c) off (d) over 13. Complete the following sentence using the most appropriate tense form of the verb given below: Your grandmother .......................... arrived from the Airport. (a) will be (b) would have (c) would (d) was B-43

14. Choose the most appropriate linker from the given four alternatives. ......................... being poor, he is very proud. (a) Although (b) In spite of (c) As (d) Even PART - II [10 × 2 = 20] [3 × 2 = 6] Section - I Answer any THREE of the following questions in a sentence or two. 15. Why did Mr. Hamel say it was the last French lesson? 16. Which quality of the skipper helped to bring out a successful expedition? 17. Which software helps Alisha to overcome her difficulty in typing? 18. Why did Sanyal recite the poem in the tea shop earlier? Section – II Read the following sets of poetic lines and answer any THREE of the following. [3 x 2 = 6] 19. “In the dim past, nor holding back in fear From what the future veils; but with a whole And happy heart, that pays its toll To Youth and Age, and travels on with cheer.” (a) What does the poet mean by the phrase ‘in the dim past’? (b) How can one travel on with cheer? 20. “We were taken from the ore-bed and the mine, We were melted in the furnace and the pit— We were cast and wrought and hammered to design, We were cut and filed and tooled and gauged to fit.” (a) What is hammered? (b) Give the meaning of the word, ‘gauged’. 21. “The summer of life she’s ready to see in spring. She says, “Spring will come again, my dear Let me care for the ones who’re near.” (a) What does the word summer mean here? (b) What does she mean by “spring will come again”? 22. “But remember, please, the Law by which we live, We are not built to comprehend a lie, We can neither love nor pity nor forgive, If you make a slip in handling us you die!” (a) What can a machine not do? (b) What will happen if a mistake is done by man? Section – III Answer any THREE of the following. [3 x 2 = 6] 23. Rewrite the following sentence to the other voice. The cars are sold by the company. 24. Rewrite using indirect speech. He said, “I know a better restaurant.” 25. Punctuate the following. what was the idee of all them cops tarryhootin round the house last night B-44 English – X

26. Transform the following sentence into a simple sentence. I ate some rice and had a cup of soup. 27. Rearrange the words in the correct order to make meaningful sentences. (a) inventions / armed / which are / has / miracles / science / man with / not less than (b) deadly weapons / but / science has / of warfare / also given / man Section – IV Answer the following. [1 x 2 = 2] 28. A man approaches you to direct him to a nearby medical store. Here you find the road-map. Write three instructions by way of helping him. Telepho ne E x c ha ng e Main Road M edical Store B a nk * H o m e Yo u a re h e re PART - III [10 × 5 = 50] Section – I Answer any TWO of the following in utmost 10 lines. [2 × 5 = 10] 29. “Order from Berlin aroused a particular zeal in the school.” Comment. 30. Highlight the factors responsible for the all-women Indian Navy crew to carry out their expedition. 31. Justify how “Technology is a boon to the disabled”. 32. Give a detailed account of all thoughts and questions in the narrator’s mind while accompanying Aditya from the tea shop to Sanyal’s house? Section – II [2 × 5 = 10] Answer any TWO of the following in utmost 10 lines. 33. Give the summary of the poem ‘Life’. 34. Describe the qualities that has made women powerful. 35. Read the following poetic lines and answer the questions given below. “So let the way wind up the hill or down, O’er rough or smooth, the journey will be joy: Still seeking what I sought when but a boy, New friendship, high adventure, and a crown,” (i) Mention the poetic device employed in the first line? (ii) Pick out the alliterated words in the third line. (iii) What is the rhyming word for down and boy? (iv) Give the rhyme scheme of the stanza. 36. Paraphrase the following stanza. But remember, please, the Law by which we live, We are not built to comprehend a lie, We can neither love nor pity nor forgive, If you make a slip in handling us you die! Sample Paper - 4 B-45

Section – III [1 × 5 = 5] Answer any ONE of the following: 37. Rearrange the following sentences in coherent order. (i) Their nine-year-old daughter Maya was excited about Zigzag’s arrival. (ii) Mrs. Ashok was busy getting ready for the painting exhibition. (iii) Zigzag is an unusual bird that speaks in 21 different languages. (iv) Due to the commotion Somu mistook Ashok’s commitment to keep Zigzag. (v) Dr. Ashok’s clinic usually sounded like an ancient Chinese torture chamber. 38. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. “Twelve years ago, Miranda,” continued Prospero, “I was Duke of Milan, and you were a princess, and my only heir. I had a younger brother, whose name was Antonio, to whom I trusted everything; My brother Antonio being thus in possession of my power, began to think himself the duke indeed. The opportunity I gave him of making himself popular among my subjects awakened in his bad nature a proud ambition to deprive me of my dukedom: this he soon effected with the aid of the King of Naples, a powerful prince, who was my enemy.” Questions (i) Who was the Duke of Milan, twelve years ago? (ii) Who is Antonio? (iii) Why did Antonio think of himself to be the Duke of Milan? (iv) What awakened the bad nature in Antonio? (v) How did Antonio deprive Prospero of his kingdom? Section – IV [4 × 5 = 20] Answer any FOUR of the following. 39. Write slogans for the following products: (a) Junk food (b) Unity ( c) Save water (d) C amera (e) Motorbike 40. Write a letter to collector of Chennai District Collector expressing your wish to contribute some funds that has been collected for the victims of a recent flood in your colony. You are Tanushree, Tanjavur. 41. You are Divya/ Dhanush, secretary in Sports Federation club of ABC School, Thuthukudi. Draft a notice inviting candidates for an open tournament held in Chennai on 18th of next month. 42. Write an article in about 150 –200 words on ‘Climate Change’. 43. Make notes or write a summary of the following passage. These days more and more students are opting for digital note-taking on their laptops, notebooks or other devices such as tablets. The advantage is that you can organise your notes straight away and then you can transfer them from one device to another. They also tend to “look” more professional and clearer. Sticky Notes or Yahoo Notes: If you use your laptop, most systems have an integrated “sticky notes” type programme. So, you can simply use this or a similar system such as yahoo notes, where you can take notes on your ipad, and later find them in the yahoo mailbox. You can use a word processing programme too. The choice is up to you. If you use digital systems B-46 English – X

you can easily organise your notes in the same way that is mentioned above for paper and pen note-taking, although if you like to write notes in mind maps you will need to create a programme that helps you to do this. Online note-taking: Taking notes directly online is another option that is becoming more popular too, although this depends on how efficient your internet access is. It is, again, useful because if you save your notes online you can then access them wherever you like, and you can also do shared editing of notes with other members of your class or study group. 44. Identify and correct the errors in the following sentences. (a) She kept the book in the table. (b) None of the soldiers is kind. (c) He gave them a few dozens of fruit. (d) Switch up the fan. (e) Every people know this. Section – V 45. Quote from memory. [1 x 5 = 5] O’er rough ............................................ be the best. Part - IV 46. Write a paragraph of about 150 words by developing the following hints. [2 x 8 = 16] (a) Prospero overthrown – teenage daughter – isolated island – marooned – companion Ariel, Caliban – appropriated by Antonio – King of Naples – Ferdinand, Antonio – wrecked in sea storm – Prospero’s orders – invisible and spy – Miranda sees Ferdinand – plan works – test Ferdinand’s loyalty – menial tasks – pleasant – propose marriage – shipwrecked crew grieve – magical delicious banquet – Ferdinand and Miranda marry. [OR] (b) Narrate the story of Zigzag in your own words by developing the hints given below. Krishnan’s family sheltered Somu’s new pet – unusual and lovable bird – African witch doctor – Somu toured the deepest jungles of Africa – Mrs Krishnan considers a nuisance – Arvind and Maya keen – Somu brings ZigZag – turns out a disappointment – snores to annoy – attempts to awaken the bird – eats the nuts and fruits – chandelier and the fan blades – Lakshmi shrieks – Mrs Krishnan annoyed – her unfinished masterpiece – e-mail message for Somu – seventh day – choose her paintings for the exhibition – Krishnan takes ZigZag in the car – clinic – Zigzag starts speaking. 47. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below: Humour and laughter are used in a variety of therapeutic situations. Therapeutic humour has the power to motivate and lessen stress and pain. Laughter improves one’s sense of well being. The benefits of a good “belly laugh” are being discovered by empirical research. You can feel relaxed and good after laughing at a funny movie, television program, or humorous event. It seems generally accepted that our bodies respond in a positive way to a hearty laugh. It is reported that laughter, like exercise, can reduce stress, improve tolerance to pain, and alter bodily functions such as blood pressure, heart rate, muscle activity, and stomach acidity. In business, managers are learning the advantages of using humour. Happier, healthier employees work better. Humour improves employee creativity, so employees are sometimes trained how to introduce humour into their personal/professional life. A number of hospitals Sample Paper - 4 B-47

and related institutions have created humour rooms. The humour room is stocked with books, comics, funny posters, audiotapes, and videos. Humour is a therapeutic tool that demands energy for its creation, yet its rich rewards include a closer therapeutic bond through shared laughter. The best humour comes from what is going on “at the moment.” Therefore one can plan to use humour yet rely on spontaneous opportunities to employ it. Humour is something positive that should bring mutually shared enjoyment and pleasure. Above all, humour is called a way of living not a part of living. Questions. (a) What is the power of humour? (b) How does our body respond to a hearty laugh? (c) How does humour help an employee? (d) What is the humour room stocked with? [OR] Read the following poem and answer the questions given below: Father My father knows the proper way The nation should be run; He tells us children every day Just what should now be done. He knows the way to fix the trusts, He has a simple plan; But if the furnace needs repairs, We have to hire a man. My father, in a day or two Could land big thieves in jail; There’s nothing that he cannot do, He knows no word like “fail.” “Our confidence” he would restore, Of that there is no doubt; But if there is a chair to mend, We have to send it out. In conversation father can Do many wondrous things; He’s built upon a wiser plan Than presidents or kings. He knows the ins and outs of each And every deep transaction; We look to him for theories, But look to ma for action. Questions. (a) What word does the father not know? (b) What would the father certainly restore? (c) Whom does the children expect to guide them in action? (d) What is the father unable to repair and mend? B-48 English – X