OAKMUN X 2020- Newsletter

An Initiative of the International Press Volume 10 UNDER THE SCOPE FROM THE WHAT'S INSIDE? DESK OF IP CHIEF 3 DAY LEARNING BEYOND THE EXTRAVAGANZA DARK MATTER This learning extraveganza at OAKMUN 2020 By Kalyan Srinivas Raygalla paved a way for an online Model United Nations by hosting the sessions at UNSC, DISEC, FCCC, It has been a rough and tough phase for OAKMUN X 2020 WHO, UNHRC, International Press, ICJ, Lok Sabah everyone. Dealing with a global with attendees partaking from various parts of pandemic is on one-hand, and dealing India and the World. with self is on the other hand. During the lock-down, there have been many cases reported globally where young people started to feel depressed and arrested. There have been many stories of people who were doing out of the box things even in this situation. It seems, the difference lies in the way we look at life and understand life. If we look at hour many teachers and DETAIL > lecturers regardless of age are investing their time and energy in adapting to MEET THE SECRETARIAT digital learning so that they can facilitate learning via online to their It has been a pleasure to serve as the Secretariat for the 10th Edition of Oakridge Model students. If we look at where they fall, United Nations. This journey has been a roller-coaster ride from the start. Initially, we had they can be called Digital Immigrants. to sit and discuss for hours to finalise the secretariat. We anticipated and planned Millennial and most young-adults are everything to not have any flaws. We started working, we had sponsors, we also finalised fall under the category of Digital the contract with the venue. Our excitement was breakless, but then, the new broke-out- Natives. The difference is, self- COVID-19. We hadn’t planned for a pandemic. We were extremely disappointed at first but explanatory. we are proud that we pulled off the conference with ease. The delegates' enthusiasm from the very beginning was evident and that’s what made this conference the best it could be. The situation of global pandemic and We had delegates representing various countries. The executive board flawlessly lock-down had thought us all one thing, conducted every committee session and the conference went very smoothly. Manvi Talwar and for those who know this, it is the very first Deputy Secretariat General in the history of Oakridge MUNs. The being an reinforced that, 'Attitude is Everything'. online conference, it paved a way for a whole new experience for us and all the attendees. If one knows how to look at life. I believe What stays forever are the memories made and knowledge shared. situations will be handled well. Kudos to the Team Secretariat for facilitating and pulling off such a wonderful digital intiative.

TIK.. TOK.. TIK.. TOK.. Sree Ansh Reddy Kalakoti, reporting from the Futuristic Continuous Crisis Committee on the progress of the Strategic Stakeholders’ Summit. With the rise in the threats of political, social, and economic instability across the globe due to the hacker threats (TCoRM), the Strategic Stakeholders’ Summit assembled to discuss and address the crisis and to analyse and evaluate the possible solutions while facing new crises. As the Summit commenced, many delegates addressed the issues with different perspectives starting with the Delegate of India who welcomed the committee as the host. Following this, the debate started to heat up as it explored several important topics through moderated caucuses such as, “motives of The Children of ReMorse”, “nationality of the hackers”, “ways to track down the hackers”, and many more… Certain moderated caucus topics such as “nationality of the hackers” With the committee progressing towards its final evidently fueled fiery debate, following which the delegate of Australia few hours, it began to accumulate the most stated that, “China has been unfoundedly accusing many countries such as important of all the topics discussed in previous Russia with the allegation of hosting the hackers”. This debate eventually committee sessions to address them one-by-one. led to a new chapter of debate, “Addressing China’s virus threat” as The EB then asked a few of the delegates for their motioned by the Delegate of the UK; this topic was seen to increase the input on what is to be done about these issues. tensions between China and the other nations of the summit, due to a Although all the delegates set forth valid and series of points being presented on China’s ‘insufficient’ measures of justified points, the committee wasn't sure of the management and a series of counter-responses from China. potential success of the solutions given the “high possibilities of the hackers listening to the Eventually, as the committee progressed, there were a series of updates conversations of the summit”, as expressed by released by the EB on the crisis. These updates kept incrementing the level Australia. Hence, the question persists, can the of debate with new topics for moderated caucuses that intensified the world overcome the crisis and regain stability? debate. One of the key updates that increased the level of debate significantly was the Indo-Sino border crisis. This took the debate to a new dimension, with all the delegates expressing their support to the cause of de- escalating the situation. Eventually, however, when the Delegate of China stated that, “Australia, Russia, and all other countries of this committee must start making attempts to de-escalate the situation at the border, instead of trying to fuel it”, it turned the tables against China raising continuous POO’s and POI’s. An Initiative of the International Press

SACRIFICE... SERENITY... SUCCESS... - Sre Ansh Reddy Kalakoti For almost a decade, The Children of ReMorse have been terrifying the very existence of nations with threats of bio war, international warfare, internal conflict, and most importantly, global instability. The Strategic Stakeholders’ Summit (SSS) has put in a lot of effort, shown immense perseverance, sacrifice, and serenity while discussing and exploring the crisis at hand to evaluate all possible solutions and come to a conclusion as to what can be done. However, the question is, can success follow? Firstly, it is important to recognise the sacrifice Lastly, success… Success can be a very subjective term. In this context, and dedication that has been put into finding although the extent to which the solutions proposed in committee will be a solution to the crisis at hand. The delegates successful is uncertain, it can reasonably be said that this committee is spent their valuable time and effort in making successful; success is something that follows self-discipline, sacrifice, and the world a better and safer place for its serenity, and in this case, all three of those requirements were present. citizens. Regardless of what the conditions are, Regardless of the outcome of this Summit, it can be said that this is a start to delegates made sure to show up at the a solution to the crisis. It induced the sense of interdependence between summit to discuss important aspects of the member nations, it resolved a potential war between India and China, and crisis. The delegates were even called upon to most importantly, it facilitated the first step towards regaining global stability. attend the committee midnight to make the maximum use of the time available. However, As the summit comes to an end, it marks the beginning of the increase in the constant debate gave rise to tensions in hope, the betterment of international relations, and an increase in trust the committee and put an immense burden between each of the member nations. Let us show constant perseverance and on the delegates. The sleepless nights, intense dedication towards making the world a safer place, and success will debate, internal conflict, additional crises, and automatically follow....... the stress of holding the responsibility of bringing global stability, really seemed to take a lot out of the delegates. As a result of the intensity of the crisis, it was important for the delegates to sustain and control their emotions, stress, and anxiety for the committee to progress smoothly. The delegates of the summit kept their calm, portrayed tremendous amounts of self-control, and made sure that the objectives of the summit are prioritized over their emotions and personal feelings. This was evident from the delegates’ attitude towards the crisis at hand, which portrayed immense zeal towards finding a solution to it. An Initiative of the International Press

International Court of Justice Hears The Consequently, Judge James Crawford Gambia v. Myanmar raised a motion to discuss the Provisional Measures requested by - Ashwika Chhabria The Gambia and their links to the rights of the Rohingya. The Advocate The International Court of Justice commenced the proceedings of the case Generals inquired at length what the Gambia/Myanmar, accusing Myanmar of failing to prevent the genocide of the Measures would entail. Judge Peter Tomka cited the Rome Statute, which Rohingyas and accepting the Provisional Measures of The Gambia. holds superiors in the army responsible for all acts committed by The ICJ convened to hear the case of Application of the Convention on the Prevention their subordinates, while Judge and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, 1948; The 11 Advocate Generals including Giorgio Gaja highlighted how actions President Judge Abdulqawi Ahmed Yusuf of the ICJ and two Ad Hoc judges, Ms of the local rebel group in the Navanethem Pillay and Mr Claus Kress of The Gambia and Myanmar respectively, were Rakhine State may have been the present. precursor of the “clearance operations” undertaken by the Judge Dalveer Bhandari raised the motion to “establish prima facie jurisdiction over the Burmese army, Tatmadaw. case”, during which several Judges rejected Myanmar seeking exclusion from the case on the basis of reservations of Article VIII of the Genocide Convention, which enforces Following the similar stances of the signatories of the Convention to call upon the UN in the event of a violation of the Advocate Generals, Judge Antônio Convention because Myanmar was not the applicant State. Judge Giorgio Gaja brought to Augusto Cançado Trindade raised a light the possible biases of The Gambia as a representative of the member states of the motion for an informal vote on the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, effectively making The Gambia a private stances of The Advocate Generals on representative. The Advocate Generals then restated Gambia’s stake as a signatory before the Provisional Measures. The a private entity. Advocate Generals decided that the Myanmar government had failed to Eight ayes to Justice prevent the war crimes of the militia and protect the rights of the ONE AYE, TWO AYES, THREE AYES, FOUR - Ashwika Chhabria Rohingya, thus accepting the Provisional Measures proposed by The AUNG SAN SUU KYI NARRATES THE LORE Gambia. OF ROHINGYAS’ OPPRESSION IN THE RAKHINE’S NORTH OF FLEEING TO BANGLADESH AND SO FORTH THE GAMBIA IN THE NOVEMBER OF ’19 APPLIED TO THE INTERNATIONAL COURT A KEEN PLEA TO PROTECT ROHINGYAS WHO’RE FLEEING THE ALLEGED GENOCIDE OF RAKHINE LIVING IN THE COX’S BAZAAR LIVES MOHIB WHO DREAMS OF LANDS AFAR YET HOLDS ON TO A TATTERED PICTURE OF HIS GRANDPARENTS’ CAR ONLY PROOF OF HIS CITIZENSHIP OF MYANMAR IN THE DARK OF HER PRISON SLEEPS FATIMA FEARING THE SOUND OF FOOTSTEPS THE NEXT MEAL OF POISON? TODAY DID THE EIGHT AYES SOUND An Initiative of the International Press MAKE THE ROHINGYAS IN RAKHINE PROUD THE ICJ IN THEIR FAVOUR IT’S A DAY WE WILL REMEMBER

While The Time Flies By Last day in committee, was it a success? Lets hear from our correspondent Diya D who recorded the committee proceedings of all 3 days June 14th, it had been 4 months and 3 days since WHO had confirmed the pandemic. The delegates and Executive Board began the last committee conference with an unmoderated caucus to discuss the working paper for the crisis. From Day 1 to Day 3 the committee made great progress. By the end of the committee, delegates established their stance about the agenda. The delegate of China seemed upset with the fact he did not get to sponsor the Draft Resolution (DR), by defending his reasons for not being a sponsor and questioning every clause the delegate made clear the delegate's absence as a sponsor. The Delegates of India and Spain posed their questions and were finally on board with the DR. The delegates of the UK, USA and ROK were fair to their DR; they answered every question with diplomacy and suitable facts. Summarizing the committee would be hard as it was a roller coaster. From the USA and China working together to the USA and Iran debating, the attitude of the delegates towards the committee and each other had changed vastly. The delegates worked towards one cause and displayed the ethos os the World Health Organisation. Whether it was questioned from another delegate or the EB the delegates were careful and diplomatic. The Delegate of UK, USA, and ROK sponsored the working paper; it was introduced in committee and discussed via Q&A session. Delegates of Australia, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and China asked questions in the question and answers session, concerning changes in the working paper. After a long debate, the working paper passed and the crisis was taken care of by the member nations. An Initiative of the International Press

Opinionated Editorial ALL-EYE-ANCE However, this reason presented has many inconsistencies. Firstly, the Delegate refused to mention how the teams were sent to both the countries and how By Sree Ansh Reddy Kalakoti they managed to get a hold of private information; the Delegate stated that “Saudi Arabia has its ways which need not be revealed” raising suspicion. The declaration of the alliance Secondly, Israel is very stringent with their policies of privacy and does not between Saudi Arabia and Israel led encourage unauthorized access to private government information whatsoever. to everyone’s attention falling on This gives rise to an important question, why would Israel ally with Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia. Although the after the Delegate of Saudi Arabia overtly stated that spies were sent to Israel to credibility of information on the collect information on the government dealings? primary motives of this decision is still uncertain, the Delegate of Saudi Apart from the inconsistencies in reasoning, another piece of evidence which Arabia overtly declared an alliance supports the theory of the two nations possibly being forced into this decision is with Israel, altering the country’s the Executive Board’s announcement that TCoRM is likely involved in getting the foreign policy altogether. Was this two nations to agree to the alliance. There is no evidence upon the credibility of decision made purely out of motives the information; however, it is quite believable, given the controversy in Saudi of promoting peace, or were the Arabia’s claims. This gives rise to the question, is this a game being played by countries blackmailed into doing so, the hackers to divert the attention from them to Palestine? It can reasonably be by the hackers (The Children of inferred that the answer to that question is ‘yes’. If that is the case, this diversion ReMorse)? will be giving them more time to hack into other networks. Post an unmoderated caucus full of intense discussion, the Delegate of In conclusion, it is of utmost importance for Saudi declared an alliance between Israel and Saudi Arabia. Although Saudi Arabia and Israel, to be honest with the complete details on the conditions of an agreement between the two committee instead of possibly sending the nations have not been revealed as of yet, the Delegate of Saudi Arabia committee on a wild goose chase and placing mentioned that one of the reasons of the alliance was to promote peace false accusations on Palestine. between the two nations. This decision raised several objections to the committee. Subsequently, the Delegate of Saudi Arabia also stated that “Saudi Arabia has sent out teams to both Palestine and Israel for investigation. After investigation, the teams brought back evidence confirming Palestine’s involvement with TCoRM. On the other hand, these teams found no evidence whatsoever suggesting that Israel is involved in the hacking”. The Delegate claimed that since Israel was proven to be innocent, it would be best to make an alliance and promote peace.

Myanmar evades genocide allegations, questions Gambia’s legal standing By Ashwika Chhabria In an attempt to discredit The Gambia’s allegations of violating the Genocide Convention, Myanmar is now playing the Devil’s Advocate. Over the two-day hearing at the International Court of Justice on the Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, 1948, Agents, formal representatives of States in dispute, have been in a constant state of disagreement, not only over the prevalence of genocide and disinformation from Myanmar’s authorities but also about the Court’s jurisdiction in Myanmar. Her Excellency, Ms Aung San Suu Kyi, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate and Agent of Myanmar has, since the beginning, responded noncommittally to the court by steering clear of any substantial allegations by The Gambia that truly focus on the genocidal aspect of this crisis. Instead, Ms Suu Kyi has stressed on the sovereign rights of Myanmar, incessantly reminding the ICJ of its apparent lack of jurisdiction in Myanmar despite the decision of the Advocate Generals to accept the case under its jurisdiction. The lack of acknowledgement of the atrocities committed by the Tatmadaw by simply chalking it down to a “complex situation” and an “internal armed conflict” is alarming and inconsistent with the spirited human rights activist who came out of 20 years of house arrest with a strong, widespread message. Furthermore, the argument presented by Myanmar Judge Giorgio Gaja has continuously opposed both, the about The Gambia not being directly affected by the Provisional Measures, which are pivotal in upholding the Rohingya crisis has legal standing yet shows her outright sanctity of the UN, and the Court’s right to jurisdiction in nonchalance for the challenge at hand. Myanmar’s Myanmar. Judge Ad Hoc Kress, the representative of representatives themselves stated that all nations that Myanmar, has conspicuously abstained from could be directly affected, such as Bangladesh, hold participating, while Judge Ad Hoc Pillay, representative of reservations to the Genocide Convention or are not a The Gambia, has occasionally provided insights. Contracting Party: this argument shows their true stance on the issue as they choose to discredit another nation It is commendable that the ICJ indicated Provisional calling out the human rights and Convention violations Measures in its first hearing, comprehending the gravity based on erga omnes partes instead of taking preventive of the crisis and the potential consequences of and constructive action. Myanmar’s stance. While the Court declared that The Gambia had prima facie standing to apply for this case, it Myanmar went a step ahead and signed a bilateral treaty is important to remember that The Gambia has financial with Bangladesh to repatriate the refugees, only to set an support and access to resources from the Organisation of example by persecuting those living in the Rakhine State Islamic Cooperation; A verdict in favour of The Gambia in unfair trials without the presence of the press. will allow it substantial sway in both, the OIC and other multilateral organisations.

Absence of decorum By Mahiraj Das Among harsh statements and bluster, is a large wasteland of Pakistani Hypocrisy On Aug. 5, 2019, Indian President Ram Nath Kovind formally abrogated Article 370 of the Indian constitution which secured Kashmir’s special status and tightened the Indian central government’s grip over the region. Pakistan has entirely and over and again censured India's proceed onward Kashmir. Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan said that Pakistan would \"show India a thing or two,\" and vowed to \"battle until the end.\" Put aside the way that India probably could never have changed the norm had it not been for quite a long time of obvious Pakistan-supported terror mongering. Psychological oppression is a strategy the state uses to accomplish goals with generally minimal effort. The Taliban used this tactic in Afghanistan when they were trying to take control of the country. Lost in the Pakistani analysis of India's activities, in any case, is the acknowledgment of Pakistan's false reverence. For four and a half decades before India renounced The Indian government and Indian security powers Article 370, Pakistan stripped both Baltistan and POK of are not without defects and issues. Kashmiris their unique status. Pakistan gained control of Gilgit- themselves may discuss the denial of Article 370. Baltistan, and part of Jammu & Kashmir in October 1947, What is sure, in any case, is first that Pakistan's after the Pakistani government supported tribesmen in activities and endeavors at unilateralism likely their infiltration of Kashmir. The Karachi Agreement of pressured India to reveal more than was prudent. Apr. 28, 1949, forced the \"Azad Kashmir'' government to All the more truly, be that as it may, Pakistan has surrender total security and international concerns of little position to grumble about India's choice to Gilgit-Baltistan to Pakistan, a move never endorsed by change Kashmir's status given that Pakistan itself several inhabitants in Gilgit-Baltistan. made the point of reference when Pakistan sabotaged Gilgit-Baltistan self-governance and self- Pakistani control of Gilgit-Baltistan seems illicit, administration. significantly under Pakistani law. In 1992, the Azad Kashmir High Court requested the Azad Kashmir government to resume control of Gilgit-Baltistan since it found that Gilgit-Baltistan was a piece of Jammu and Kashmir. Article 257 of the Pakistani constitution, in the meantime, affirmed that Jammu and Kashmir is a contested domain which doesn't have a place with Pakistan. There can be a genuine and real discussion about Kashmir as to human rights and financial opportunity.

United Nations Security Council - Shemoila Saini I just need an answer from NATO: Why did you destroy my home and kill my family?” A question from those trapped in the world’s main theatre of drone combat Faiz Fathi Jfara from the town of Bani Walid has still received no answer. It could be part of the brinkmanship the world’s The Human Rights Watch 2012 report which included Jfara’s story, detailed politicians have spent the past nine years showing eight specific incidents where at least 72 Libyan civilians died as the result it so famously expert at – which is to say, they of NATO’s bombing campaign. Does the ‘responsibility to protect’ include withdraw from the brink, they cede ownership of the ‘right to destroy’? the brink to the other side, and they redraw a new brink down the middle of the African The Libyan Intervention was recently called the ‘worst mistake’ (of his Subcontinent. tenure) by the former President of the United States, Barack Obama, a leading light of this mission. When I say light, I want you to picture a single Perhaps the corrupt are gambling that they would bulb swinging from the ceiling of an empty, abandoned woodshed. His now be able to hide nine years of economic interview represents a rare occasion of compunction amongst politicians. damage with the coronavirus economic damage. This is a bit like trying to cover up your Nigel Farage Furthermore, an investigation by the House of Commons' bipartisan Foreign neck tattoo by getting a slightly bigger Boris Affairs Committee, strongly condemns the U.K. 's role in a war that toppled Johnson one on top of it. Speaking of Brexit, the Muammar Qaddafi but plunged the North African country into chaos. delegate of the United Kingdom described the Interestingly, the Libyan instability has been linked to the second Civil War result of foreign intervention as ‘unprecedented’, in Mali, a repercussion that bothered another NATO superpower: France. which was especially interesting as he represented Hard to know how to appropriately react to this sudden realisation, isn’t it? one of the countries which meticulously A big round of applause out the windows feels wrong, somehow, now that orchestrated the aforementioned. we know how empty a gesture it is! An Initiative of the International Press

Is the Libyan Crisis any closer to being solved? - Shemoila Saini, reporting from the United Nations Security Council After three days of intense deliberation, nineteen delegates agreed upon the drafting of a unanimous resolution for the country, and most importantly the Libyan people. The resolution recommended an immediate ceasefire between the warring factions, LNA and GNA. Furthermore, the resolution Security Council to extend the mandate of the UNSMIL for two years that is until 15 September 2022, under the leadership of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General. The committee also called for the establishment of 5+5 Joint Libyan Peace Talk, so that, unlike previous resolutions, both Libyan factions are satisfied with the negotiations. Furthermore, the delegate of the United States A moderate caucus on ‘The Economic Situation in Libya’ was decided upon of America accused General Haftar of war after many members such as the Delegate of the United Kingdom of Great crimes in violation of Article VI of the Britain and Ireland alighted on the soft currency’s illicit exchange rate. The International Covenant on Civil and Political delegate mentioned that his country would 'help Libyan officials to make their Rights and Article III of the Universal official currency rate more accessible'. Declaration of Human Rights. The delegate of France proposed a stance of 'neutrality' in the The delegate of the United States of America released a press statement region and denied reports suggesting the declaring: 'The actions of Russia prolong strife and add fuel to the conflict and presence of thirteen French nationals in the intensify the conflict by providing arms and use mercenaries and troops to warzone. He declared it was ' a breach of the advance their geopolitical interests at the costs of human life and stability of United Nations Charter to side with the LNA'. nations and so we call for the removal of Russia from the UN and the United States believes that this is necessary to end the toxic Russian interference and There was a back-and-forth discussion about to bring stability in the Mediterranean.' ‘Foreign Intervention in Libya’, whereupon delegates commented on the feasibility, efficiency, and significance of the aforementioned. Some highlighted the ‘triumph’ of past actions, most notably the Delegate of the United States of America; others, such as the delegates of China, France, and Germany condemned it. An Initiative of the International Press

Jury of peers - Mahiraj Das Among a group of equals, no quarter is given! The cogitation of the Human Rights Council started with the matter of Indian sovereignty in the region of Jammu and Kashmir, with the Delegate of India fiercely protecting his country’s stance on the affair. The majority of the committee was quick to snub the statement of the delegate. The delegates of China and Pakistan followed up by harshly ridiculing and mocking the Delegate of India’s statements, questioning India’s violation of the ceasefire, the Shimla agreement, and the contravention of the Geneva Convention. The Delegates of the nations of Qatar, Mexico and Brazil were quick to stifle the war of words, instead directing the conversation to safer channels regarding the education of citizens in Balochistan and Kashmir. During the first moderated caucus, the topic of women’s safety was discussed at great length, including the issue of sexual abuse and violence. During the lunch break, the working papers were created and conferred upon. During the final session, the delegates debated various solutions for the problem including Pakistani ratification of the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearances. The working titles 1.0, which were submitted by the Delegate of India, urged ‘the Islamic Republic of Pakistan to terminate financing terror groups and encouraging cross-border terrorism against the Republic of India.’ This clause was met with immediate retaliation by the Delegate of Pakistan, who labeled the clause and the paper as ‘Frankly crap.’ However, instead of the committee following the doctrine of Audi Alteram Partem (let the other side be heard as well) it devolved into a competition of the loudest voices, not the most sensible. Nevertheless, the committee ended on both the Delegates of India and Pakistan agreeing to meet at the negotiation table. \"To Deny People Their Human Rights Is To Challenge Their Very Humanity\" - Nelson Mandela An Initiative of the International Press

Right? Human Right! - Mahiraj Das, reporting from the United Nations Human Rights Council Deliberation, discussion and debate The ideals of the United Nations, and of protracted dialogue, were fixtures in this committee The final day of the conference started with a press conference, where statements were made by the delegates, regarding a wide range of issues, such as reports of violations and investigation by the United Nations. The committee of the Human Rights Council, over three days, discussed a wide range of topics, at last concluding with the Delegates of Pakistan and India having fostered no dialogue whatsoever, and the situation remains as it was. The three days of the Human Rights Council all revolved The Delegate of India hit back hard, reaffirming India’s around the subject of Balochistan and Jammu & Kashmir. position on the subject, and assuring the committee that Namely, the allegations and existence of human rights all reports of human rights violations in Kashmir were violations in the region. The two countries most involved in baseless and unfounded. The delegate then accused the the dispute, Pakistan and India, both argued their cases in Delegate of Pakistan, alleging that there were many front of the Human Rights Council, each firmly denying the human rights violations in Balochistan, namely enforced violation of any human right in their respective territories. disappearance and abuse of power. The committee followed in the same vein on the second day, focusing upon violation of ceasefires, abrogation of article 370 and the standard of living in the province of Balochistan. The first day began in a manner with no holds barred, with all the respective delegates stating their stance on the matter. The Delegates of China and Brazil were especially vocal in expressing their dissatisfaction for the actions taken by the Indian government concerning their handling of the issue in Kashmir. The debate expanded moderated caucus’, the discussion has moved onto sexual abuse and illiteracy rates in Balochistan. An Initiative of the International Press

ARE THE PROBLEMS OF THE UAPA ACT FINALLY SOLVED? - Varnika Vemula The brief of the committee sessions on what changes happened with the Act in the three days of the parliamentarian discussions As the first day of the conference started, every parliamentarian started expressing their views on the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act of 2019. Mahua Moitra proposed a motion about the discussion of arresting innocents without any evidence, and this motion passed in the committee. Following this, a few sections like Section 35, Act 14, and Act 21 were discussed by Narendra Modi. Meanwhile, Rajnath Singh wasn’t sure if he was speaking in favour or against the act which led to confusion among the parliamentarians. Later, in the final session, there was no motion being passed, though many moderator caucuses were proposed. To this, the Speaker of the house decided to raise a motion to discuss the topic “Misusing the UAPA Act”. With this topic being raised the members of the Lok Sabha agreed and passed this motion. Meanwhile, there was also a discussion in the committee by Asaduddin Owaisi speaking about arresting innocent Muslims majorly because of their religion and blaming them that they are involved in terrorist groups such as ISI without even investigating. The beginning of the second day started with a motion being passed in the Lok Sabha to discuss the federal structure of the UAPA Act2019. The discussions were started by Asaduddin Owaisi where the parliamentarian raised his voice and stated that the UAPA Act is unnecessarily reducing the power of the State Government by taking away the cases from the State to the National Intelligence Agency. Meanwhile, Mahua Moitra suggested that, if the NIA arrests any individual without proper investigation the Central Government should make changes to the UAPA Act. In the second session of day two, the discussion session began in which the starred questions were being asked by the speaker to the respective parliamentarians. Later, in the third session of day two, there was a zero hour which went on and many parliamentarians projected their views among themselves hoping to find common ground. The third day started with a motion being raised by Amit Shah which asked the parliamentarians to speak about their opinions about the reamendment of the UAPA Act, which was further continued by the Press Conference. Rajnath Singh gave a breathtaking statement that he was resigning from the post of the Defense Minister because the party didn’t give him a proper chance to make his statements. Finally, the committee ended with an informal discussion.

From the Editor-In-Chief Raghav Panjiray Online MUNs have been a game-changer in terms of debate and conventional format which has been in practice for years. however, in light of the ongoing pandemic, the OakMUN Secretariat has broken all bounds to show that pandemic or not, a compromise on quality is not what that they stand for. Given this quality of debate, the responsibility of the Team of the International Press became more ambitious and not wavering from this ambition the freshly-minted journalists achieved their best to devised the newsletter, \"Under The Scope' which communicates the proceedings of OakMUN X and more. I am proud to say that this team of journalists have not only communicated the proceedings of the committees but made also carried the professionalism of a member of the Press while doing so. And to lead this team was a certain privilege I have achieved at the end of this conference. AN INITIATIVE OF Kalyan Srinivas Raygalla Chief of International Press and Designer Raghav Panjiray Editor-In-Chief Journalists Sree Ansh Reddy Kalakoti | Shemoila Saini | Ashwika Chhabria Mahiraj Das | Diya Dhankani | Varnika Vemula