Summary of Verbs in English

Unit 57. Verb + -ing or to (3) A love hate enjoy dislike like can't stand can't bear mind Nhùng ½îng t÷ v¿ th¿nh ngù n¿y ½åu cÍ nghËa chung l¿ \"thÈch\" hay \"khéng thÈch\" (“like” or “not like”) ChÒng thõñng ½õôc theo sau bòi -ing:  Ann hates flying. Ann khéng thÈch ½i m¾y bay.  Why do you dislike living here? VÉ sao bÂn khéng thÈch sêng ò ½Ýy?  I don’t like people shouting at me. (=I don't like being shouted at) Téi khéng thÈch ngõñi ta qu¾t nÂt téi. Sau c¾c ½îng t÷ love, hate v¿ can’t bear, bÂn cÕng cÍ thæ dÓng to... VÉ vây bÂn cÍ thæ nÍi:  I love meeting people. hoÜc I love to meet people. Téi thÈch gÜp gó mÑi ngõñi.  She can’t bear being alone. hoÜc She can’t bear to be alone. Cé Þy khéng chÌu nìi cÀnh sêng mît mÉnh. Nhõng sau c¾c ½îng t÷ enjoy/dislike/mind/can’t stand, chÒng ta chÊ ½õôc dÓng -ing (khéng cÍ to...):  I enjoy being alone. (khéng nÍi 'I enjoy to be') Téi thÈch ò mît mÉnh.  Tom doesn’t mind working at night. (khéng nÍi 'mind to work') Tom khéng ngÂi l¿m vièc v¿o ban ½ãm. B Like BÂn cÍ thæ nÍi “I like doing something” hay “I like to do something” (téi thÈch l¿m vièc gÉ ½Í). Thõñng khéng cÍ sú kh¾c bièt n¿o khi dÓng lán hai cÞu trÒc trãn:  I like getting up early. hoÜc I like to get up early. Téi thÈch thöc dây sðm. Trong tiäng Anh Anh (British English), ½éi khi cÍ sú kh¾c nhau giùa “I like doing” v¿ “I like to do”: “I like doing something” cÍ nghËa l¿ \"Téi thÈch l¿m vièc gÉ ½Í\" (“I enjoy it”)  Do you like cooking? (=do you enjoy it?) BÂn cÍ thÈch nÞu nõðng khéng?

 I like living here. (=I enjoy it) Téi thÈch sêng ò ½Ýy. “I like to do something” cÍ nghËa l¿ \"Téi nghË ½Í l¿ mît vièc têt cßn l¿m hay phÀi l¿m\" (“I think it is good or right to do it”)  I like to clean the kitchen as often as possible. (This doesn't mean that I enjoy it; it means that I think it is a good thing to do) Téi muên lau chÓi nh¿ bäp c¿ng thõñng xuyãn c¿ng têt. (½iåu n¿y khéng cÍ nghËa l¿ téi thÈch vièc lau chÓi; nÍ cÍ nghËa rÙng téi nghË ½Í l¿ mît ½iåu cßn thiät nãn l¿m)  Mary likes people to be on time. Mary thÈch nhùng ngõñi ½Òng giñ. C Would, like/would, love/would, hate/would prefer thõñng ½õôc theo sau bòi to (infinitive)  I would like to be rich. Téi muên trò nãn gi¿u cÍ.  Would you like to come to dinner on Friday? BÂn cÍ muên ½än dÓng bùa têi v¿o thö s¾u?  I’d love (=would love) to be able to travel round the world. Téi muên cÍ thæ ½i du lÌch vÎng quanh thä giði.  Would you prefer to have dinner now or late? BÂn muên dÓng bùa têi bÝy giñ hay muîn hïn. So s¾nh I like v¿ I would like:  I like playing/to play tennis. (=I enjoy it in general) Téi thÈch chïi qußn vôt. (=Téi thÈch mît c¾ch chung chung)  I would like to play tennis today. (=I want to play today) Hém nay téi muên chïi qußn vôt. Lõu û rÙng would mind ½õôc theo sau bòi -ing (khéng cÍ to...)  Would you mind closing the door, please? BÂn cÍ thæ ½Íng cøa lÂi ½õôc khéng? D BÂn cÍ thæ nÍi “I would like to have done something” vði nghËa l¿: BÝy giñ téi tiäc l¿ téi ½Á khéng l¿m hay khéng thæ l¿m ½õôc ½iåu ½Í. (= I regret now that I didn't or couldn't do something)  It’s a pity we didn’t see Val when we were in London. I would like to have seen her again. Thât buën l¿ chÒng téi ½Á khéng gÜp Val khi chÒng ta ò LuÝn ½én. Téi muên gÜp cé Þy mît lßn nùa.

 We’d like to have gone on holiday but we didn’t have enough money. ChÒng téi muên ½i nghÊ m¾t nhõng chÒng téi ½Á khéng cÍ ½Ô tiån. BÂn cÍ thæ dÓng mît cÞu trÒc tõïng tú sau would love/would hate/would prefer:  Poor old Tom! I would hate to have been in his position. Thât tîi nghièp cho éng bÂn gi¿ Tom! Téi chÚng muên rïi v¿o tÉnh thä cÔa éng Þy.  I’d love to have gone to the party but it was impossible. Téi thÈch ½än dú buìi tièc nhõng ½Á khéng thæ ½än ½õôc.

Unit 58. Prefer and would rather A Prefer to do v¿ prefer doing Thõñng bÂn cÍ thæ dÓng “prefer to (do)” hoÜc “prefer -ing” ½æ diçn tÀ bÂn thÈch ½iåu gÉ ½Í hïn nÍi chung:  I don’t like cities. I prefer to live in the country hoÜc I prefer living in the country. Téi khéng thÈch th¿nh phê. Téi thÈch sêng ò néng thén hïn. HÁy xem sú kh¾c bièt trong cÞu trÒc theo sau prefer. Ta nÍi:  I prefer something to something else.  I prefer doing something to doing something else. nhõng  I prefer to do something rather than (do) something else.  I prefer this coat to the coat you were wearing yesterday. Anh thÈch chiäc ¾o kho¾c n¿y hïn chiäc ¾o em ½Á mÜc ng¿y hém qua.  I prefer driving to travelling by train. Téi thÈch ½i xe hïi hïn l¿ ½i bÙng xe løa. Nhõng  I prefer to drive rather than travel by train.  Ann prefers to live in the country rather than (live) in a city. B Would prefer (I’d prefer...) ChÒng ta dÓng “Would prefer” ½æ nÍi tði ½iåu ta muên l¿m trong mît tÉnh huêng cÖ thæ n¿o ½Í (khéng phÀi chung chung):  “Would you prefer tea or coffee?” “Coffee, please.” \"Anh thÈch tr¿ hay c¿ phã?\" \"C¿ phã.\" Ta nÍi “Would prefer to do” (khéng phÀi doing):  “Shall we go by train?” “Well, I’d prefer to go by car.” (khéng nÍi 'going') \"Ta ½i xe løa nhÃ?\" \"­ téi thÈch ½i xe hïi hïn.\"  I’d prefer to stay at home tonight rather than go to the cinema. Têi nay téi thÈch ò nh¿ hïn l¿ ½i xem phim. C Would rather (I’d rather...) Would rather (do) = would prefer (to do). Sau would rather chÒng ta dÓng nhùng ½îng t÷ nguyãn máu khéng cÍ to. HÁy so s¾nh;

 “Shall we go by train?” \"Ta ½i xe løa nhÃ?\"  “Well, I’d prefer to go by car.” \"­, téi thÈch ½i xe hïi hïn.\"  “Well, I’d rather go by car.” (khéng nÍi \"to go\") CÝu phÔ ½Ình l¿ I’d rather not (do something):  I’m tired. I’d rather not to go out this evening, if you don’t mind. Téi cÀm thÞy mèt. Téi khéng muên ½i chïi têi nay, näu anh khéng giân.  “Do you want to go out this evening?” “I’d rather not.” \"BÂn muên ½i chïi têi nay khéng?\" \"Téi khéng muên.\" ChÒ û máu cÝu vði would rather: I’d rather do something than (do) something else  I’d rather stay at home tonight than go to the cinema. Têi nay téi thÈch ò nh¿ hïn l¿ ½i xem phim. D I'd rather you did something. Khi bÂn muên ngõñi kh¾c l¿m mît ½iåu gÉ ½Í bÂn cÍ thæ nÍi “I’d rather you did something”:  “Shall I stay here?” “I’d rather you came with us.” \"Téi ò lÂi ½Ýy nhÃ?\" \"Téi muên anh ½i vði chÒng téi hïn.\"  “Shall I tell them the news?” “No, I’d rather they didn’t know.” \"Téi nÍi cho hÑ biät tin nhÃ?\" \"Khéng téi muên hÑ khéng biät.\"  “Shall I tell them or would you rather they didn’t know?” \"Téi sÆ nÍi vði hÑ nhà hay l¿ anh khéng muên cho hÑ biät?\" Trong cÞu trÒc n¿y chÒng ta dÓng thÉ qu¾ khö (came, did v.v...) nhõng û nghËa lÂi l¿ hièn tÂi hoÜc tõïng lai, chö khéng phÀi qu¾ khö. HÁy so s¾nh:  I’d rather cook the dinner now. Téi muên nÞu bùa têi ngay bÝy giñ. Nhõng  I’d rather you cooked the dinner now. (khéng nÍi 'I'd rather you cook') Anh muên em nÞu bùa têi ngay lÒc n¿y. DÂng phÔ ½Ình l¿ “I’d rather you didn’t...”:  I’d rather you didn’t tell anyone what I said. Téi khéng muên anh nÍi vði ai nhùng gÉ téi ½Á nÍi.

 “Do you mind if I smoke?” “I’d rather you didn’t.” \"Anh cÍ phiån khéng näu téi hÒt thuêc?\" \"Téi mong anh ½÷ng hÒt.\"

Unit 59. Preposition (in/for/about etc.) + -ing A Näu giði t÷ (in/for/about v.v...) cÍ ½îng t÷ theo sau, ½îng t÷ phÀi cÍ dÂng -ing. VÈ dÖ: Preposition + Verb -ing  Are you interested in working for us?  I'm not very good at learning languages?  She must be fed up with studying  What are the advantages of having a car?  The knife is only for cutting bread.  How about playing tennis tomorrow?  I bought a new bicycle instead of going away on holiday.  Carol went to work in spite of feeling ill. BÂn cÕng cÍ thæ nÍi “interested in somebody (do)ing...”, “fed-up with you (do) ing...” v.v...  I’m fed up with you telling me what to do. Téi khéng thÈch anh bÀo téi phÀi l¿m nhùng gÉ. B ChÒ û c¾ch dÓng vði +-ing cÔa nhùng giði t÷ sau:  before -ing v¿ after -ing  Before going out, I phoned Sarah. (khéng nÍi 'Before to go out') Trõðc khi ½i, téi ½Á gÑi ½ièn thoÂi cho Sarah.  What did you do after leaving school? BÂn ½Á l¿m gÉ sau khi ra trõñng? BÂn cÕng cÍ thæ nÍi Before I went out... v¿ ... after you left school:  by -ing (½æ nÍi mît vièc n¿o ½Í ½Á xÀy ra nhõ thä n¿o)  The burglars got into the house by breaking a window and climbing in. BÑn trîm ½Á ½ît nhâp bÙng c¾ch ½âp vó cøa sì v¿ chui v¿o.  You can improve your English by reading more. BÂn cÍ thæ trau dëi tiäng Anh cÔa bÂn bÙng c¾ch ½Ñc nhiåu hïn nùa.  She made herself ill by not eating properly. Cé Þy tú l¿m mèt mÉnh bòi sú ×n uêng khéng hôp lû.  without -ing  I ran ten kilometres without stopping. Téi ½Á chÂy mõñi kilomet khéng nghÊ.  They climbed through the window without anybody seeing them (hoÜc ...without being seen) .

ChÒng ½Á trÄo qua cøa sì m¿ khéng ai nhÉn thÞy (hoÜc... m¿ khéng bÌ ph¾t hièn).  She needs to work without people disturbing her (hoÜc ... without being disturbed). Cé Þy cßn l¿m vièc m¿ khéng bÌ ai quÞy rßy (hoÜc... m¿ khéng bÌ quÞy rßy).  It’s nice to go on holiday without having to worry about money. Thât l¿ tuyèt khi ½i nghÊ m¾t m¿ khéng phÀi lo lØng vå chuyèn tiån bÂc. C To -ing To thõñng l¿ th¿nh phßn cÔa ½îng t÷ nguyãn máu (to do/to see etc)  We decided to go out. ChÒng téi ½Á quyät ½Ình ½i dÂo.  Would you like to play tennis? BÂn muên chïi qußn vôt khéng? Nhõng to cÕng cÎn l¿ mît giði t÷ (giêng nhõ in/for/about from v.v...) vÈ dÖ:  We drove from London to Edinburgh. ChÒng téi ½Á l¾i xe t÷ London tði Edinburgh.  I prefer tea to coffee. Téi thÈch chÄ hïn c¿ phã.  Are you looking forward to the weekend? BÂn ½ang mong tði cuêi tußn phÀi khéng? Näu mît giði t÷ ½õôc theo sau bòi mît ½îng t÷, ½îng t÷ ½Í tân cÓng bÙng -ing (in doing/about going v.v... xem mÖc A). Bòi vây, khi to l¿ giði t÷ v¿ theo sau nÍ l¿ ½îng t÷, bÂn phÀi nÍi to -ing  I prefer driving to travelling by train. (khéng nÍi 'to travel') Téi thÈch ½i xe hïn l¿ ½i t¿u.  Are you looking forward to seeing Ann again? (khéng nÍi 'looking forward to see') BÂn ½ang mong gÜp Ann lØm phÀi khéng? Vå be/get used to -ing, hÁy xem Unit 60.

Unit 60. Be/get used to something (I'm used to...) A XÃt tÉnh huêng sau: Jane l¿ ngõñi Mþ nhõng cé ½Á sêng ò Anh 3 n×m nay. Khi lßn ½ßu tiãn l¾i xe ò Anh, cé cÀm thÞy rÞt bêi rêi bòi phÀi chÂy xe bãn tr¾i thay vÉ bãn phÀi. ChÂy xe bãn tr¾i ½êi vði cé thât l lÓng v¿ khÍ kh×n bòi vÉ:  She wasn’t used to it. Cé Þy khéng quen vði vièc ½Í.  She wasn’t used to driving on the left. Cé Þy khéng quen vði vièc chÂy xe bãn tr¾i. Nhõng sau nhiåu lßn luyèn tâp, vièc chÂy xe bãn tr¾i ½Á bðt khÍ kh×n, do ½Í:  She got used driving on the left. Cé Þy ½Á quen chÂy xe bãn tr¾i. V¿ giñ ½Ýy sau ba n×m, vièc ½Í ½Á khéng cÎn l¿ vÞn ½å ½êi vði Jane:  She is used to driving on the left. Cé Þy quen vði vièc chÂy xe bãn tr¾i. I’m used to something=½iåu ½Í khéng mði l ½êi vði téi.  Frank lives alone. He doesn’t mind this because he has lived alone for 15 years. It is not strange for him. He is used to it. He is used to living alone. Frank sêng mît mÉnh. Anh khéng bân tÝm vå ½iåu n¿y bòi anh Þy ½Á sêng mît mÉnh 15 n×m nay. Anh Þy quen vði ½iåu ½Í. Anh Þy quen sêng mît mÉnh.  I bought some new shoes. They felt a bit strange at first becaused I wasn’t used to them. Téi v÷a mua mÞy ½éi gi¿y mði. ChÒng hïi l chÝn vÉ téi mang chõa quen.  Our new flat is on a very busy street. I expect we’ll get used to the noise, but at the moment it’s very disturbing. C×n hî mði cÔa chÒng téi nÙm trãn mît phê rÞt nhîn nhÌp. Téi nghË rÙng rëi chÒng téi sÆ quen vði sú n¾o nhièt, nhõng hièn giñ thÉ qu¾ ën ¿o.  Diane has a new job. She has to get up much earlier now than before — at 6.30. She finds this difficult because she isn’t used to getting up so early. Diane cÍ céng vièc mði. Cé phÀi dây rÞt sðm so vði trõðc ½Ýy — lÒc 6h30. Cé thÞy vièc ½Í rÞt khÍ kh×n vÉ cé khéng quen dây sðm nhõ vây.  Brenda’s husband is often away from home. She doesn’t mind this. She is used to him being away. Chëng cÔa Brenda thõñng phÀi xa nh¿. Cé khéng phiån lÎng vå ½iåu n¿y. Cé ½Á quen vði vièc chëng cé vØng nh¿. B Sau be/get used bÂn khéng thæ dÓng nguyãn máu (to do/to drive v.v...). Ta nÍi:  She is used to driving on the left. (khéng nÍi 'she is used to drive')

Cé Þy quen vði vièc chÂy xe bãn tr¾i. Khi ta nÍi “I am used to...” thÉ to l¿ giði t÷, chö khéng phÀi l¿ th¿nh phßn cÔa nguyãn máu (xem UNIT 59C). Ta nÍi:  Frank is used to living alone. (khéng nÍi 'Frank is used to live alone')  Jane had to get used to driving on the left. (khéng nÍi 'get used to drive') D #÷ng nhßm lán giùa I am used to doing (be/get used to) v¿ I used to do. ChÒng kh¾c nhau vå cÞu trÒc v¿ û nghËa:  I am used to (doing) something = ½iåu ½Í khéng mði l ½êi vði téi:  I am used to the weather in this country. Téi quen thuîc vði thñi tiät nïi miån quã n¿y.  I am used to driving on the left because I’ve lived in Britain for a long time. Téi quen vði vièc chÂy xe bãn tr¾i vÉ téi ½Á sêng ò Anh lÝu rëi.  I used to do something = téi thõñng l¿m ½iåu gÉ ½Í trong qu¾ khö nhõng nay khéng l¿m nùa (xem UNIT 18). BÂn chÊ cÍ thæ dÓng cÞu trÒc n¿y vði nhùng vièc trong qu¾ khö, khéng dÓng cho nhùng vièc hièn tÂi. CÞu trÒc ta ½ang b¿n tði ½Í l¿ “I used to do” (khéng phÀi l¿ 'I am used to do'):  I used to drive to work every day, but these days I usually go by bike. Téi (trõðc ½Ýy) ván thõñng l¾i xe ½i l¿m, nhõng mÞy hém nay téi hay ½i xe ½Âp.  We used to live in a small village, but now we live in London. ChÒng téi trõðc ½Ýy sêng ò mît l¿ng nhÏ, nhõng hièn nay chÒng téi sêng ò LuÝn ½én.

Unit 61. -Verb + preposition + -ing A Nhiåu ½îng t÷ cÍ cÞu trÒc verb+preposition (in/for/about v.v...) +object. VÈ dÖ: ½îng t÷+ giði t÷+ tÒc t÷ We talked about the problem. vÞn ½å ½Í. ChÒng ta ½Á nÍi vå what you said. nhùng gÉ ½Á nÍi. You must apologise for Anh phÀi xin líi bòi Näu tÒc t÷ lÂi l¿ mît ½îng t÷, ½îng t÷ ½Í sÆ tân cÓng bÙng -ing: ½îng t÷+ giði t÷+ tÒc t÷ We talked about going to America. BÑn téi ½Á nÍi vå chuyèn ½i Mþ. She apologised for not telling the truth. Cé ta xin líi vÉ ½Á khéng nÍi sú thât. CÎn mît sê ½îng t÷ kh¾c ½õôc dÓng vði cÞu trÒc n¿y: succeed (in) Have you succeed in finding a job yet? insist (on) BÂn ½Á tÉm ½õôc vièc l¿m chõa? think (of) They insisted on paying for the meal. dream (of) HÑ nhÞt ½Ình ½Îi trÀ tiån bùa ×n. approve (of) I’m thinking of buying a house. decide (against) Téi ½ang nghË tði vièc mua nh¿. feel (like) I wouldn’t dream of asking them for money. look forward (to) Téi chÚng nghË tði vièc hÑ xin tiån. She doesn’t approve of gambling. Cé Þy khéng t¾n th¿nh chuyèn ½¾nh bÂc. We have decided against moving to London. ChÒng téi quyät ½Ình phÀn ½êi vièc chuyæn tði LuÝn ½én. Do you feel like going out tonight? BÂn cÍ cÀm thÞy muên ½i chïi têi nay khéng? I’m looking forward to meeting her. Téi ½ang mong gÜp cé Þy. Ta nÍi “apologise to somebody for...”:  She apologised to me for not telling the truth. (khéng nÍi 'She apologised me') Cé ta xin líi téi vÉ ½Á khéng nÍi sú thât. B Vði mît sê ½îng t÷ ò mÖc A, bÂn cÍ thæ sø dÖng cÞu trÒc verb+preposition+somebody+ -ing ½îng t÷+ giði t÷ sb + -ing me gambling. She doesn’t approve of

Cé Þy khéng t¾n th¿nh vièc téi ½¾nh bÂc. We are looking forward to Liz coming home. TÞt cÀ chÒng téi ½ang mong Liz vå nh¿. C Nhùng ½îng t÷ dõði ½Ýy cÍ thæ cÍ cÞu trÒc verb+object+preposition+ -ing: ½îng t÷ +tÒc t÷+giði t÷ + -ing congratulate (on) accuse (of) I congratulated Ann on passing the exam. suspect (of) Téi chÒc m÷ng Ann vå vièc cé Þy ½Á thi ½âu. prevent (from) They accuse me of telling lies. stop (from) HÑ tê c¾o téi ½Á nÍi dêi. thank (for) Nobody suspected the man of being a spy. forgive (for) Khéng mît ai nghi ngñ ngõñi ½¿n éng ½Í l¿ ½ièp viãn. warn (against) What prevented him from coming to see us? #iåu gÉ ½Á ng×n cÀn anh ta tði gÜp chÒng téi? The police stopped everyone from leaving the building. CÀnh s¾t ng×n khéng cho ai rñi khÏi c×n nh¿. I forgot to thank them for helping me. Téi ½Á quãn c¾m ïn hÑ vå sú giÒp ½ó. Please forgive me for not writing to you. Xin hÁy tha thö téi vÉ ½Á khéng viät thõ cho bÂn. They warned us against buying the car. BÂn cÕng cÍ thæ nÍi “stop somebody doing” (khéng cÍ from). Vây cÍ thæ nÍi l¿:  You can’t stop me doing what I want hay... stop me from doing what I want. Anh khéng thæ ng×n téi l¿m nhùng gÉ téi muên. Mît v¿i trong sê nhùng ½îng t÷ trãn thõñng ½õôc dÓng ò dÂng bÌ ½îng. VÈ dÖ:  I was accused of telling lies. Téi bÌ tê c¾o l¿ ngõñi nÍi dêi.  The man was suspected of being a spy. Ngõñi ½¿n éng ½Í ½Á bÌ nghi ngñ l¿ mît ½ièp viãn.  We were warned against buying the car. ChÒng téi ½Á ½õôc khuyän c¾o l¿ khéng nãn mua chiäc xe ½Í.

Unit 62. Expressions + -ing A Khi nhùng th¿nh ngù dõði ½Ýy ½õôc theo sau bòi mît ½îng t÷, ½îng t÷ ½Í phÀi tân cÓng bÙng -ing. It's no use.../It's no good...  There’s nothing you can do about the situation, so it’s no use worrying about it. BÂn chÚng thæ l¿m gÉ trong tÉnh thä n¿y, thât vé Èch khi lo lØng vå chuyèn ½Í.  It’s no good trying to persuade me. You won’t succeed. CÍ thuyät phÖc téi cÕng chÚng Èch gÉ. BÂn sÆ khéng th¿nh céng ½Ýu. There's no point in...  There’s no point in having a car if you never use it. Näu bÂn khéng bao giñ dÓng ½än thÉ mua mît chiäc xe cÍ Èch lôi gÉ ½Ýu.  There was no point in waiting any longer, so we went. CÍ chñ ½ôi thãm cÕng chÚng Èch gÉ nãn chÒng téi bÏ ½i. It's (not) worth...  I live only a short walk from here, so it’s not worth taking a taxi. Téi chÊ ò c¾ch ½Ýy cÍ mÞy bõðc théi, chÚng ½¾ng phÀi ½i taxi.  It was so late when we got home, it wasn’t worth going to bed. Khi chÒng téi vå nh¿ thÉ cÕng ½Á khuya lØm rëi, nãn chÚng cßn ngÔ nùa. BÂn cÍ thæ nÍi “a film is worth seeing” (mît cuên phim ½¾ng xem), “a book is worth reading” (mît cuên s¾ch ½¾ng ½Ñc):  What was a film like? Was it worth seeing? Cuên phim ½Á nhõ thä n¿o? NÍ cÍ ½¾ng xem khéng?  I don’t think newspapers are worth reading. Téi khéng nghË rÙng b¾o chÈ ½¾ng ½æ ½Ñc. B (Have) difficulty -ing CÍ thæ nÍi “have difficult doing something” (khéng phÀi 'to do'):  I have difficulty finding a place to live. (khéng nÍi \"I had difficulty to find\") Téi ½Á gÜp khÍ kh×n khi tÉm mît chí ½æ ò.  Did you have any difficulty getting a visa? BÂn xin thÌ thúc cÍ khÍ kh×n gÉ khéng?  People often have great difficulty reading my writing. MÑi ngõñi thõñng khÍ kh×n khi ½Ñc chù viät cÔa téi. Ta thõñng nÍi “have difficulty” chö khéng nÍi “have difficulties”.  I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing the exam. (khéng nÍi 'have difficulties')

Téi tin chØc bÂn sÆ thi ½âu chÚng khÍ kh×n gÉ. C Ta dÓng use -ing sau: a waste of money.../a waste of time... (to... is also possible):  It was a waste of time reading that book. It was rubbish. #Ñc cuên s¾ch ½Í thât phÈ thÉ giñ. NÍ chÊ l¿ ½ë nhÀm nhÈ.  It’s a waste of money buying things you don’t need. Mua sØm nhùng thö bÂn khéng cßn thÉ thât l¿ phÈ tiån. spend/waste (time)...  He spent hours trying to repair the clock. Anh Þy ½Á bÏ ra hÙng mÞy giñ liån ½æ søa c¾i ½ëng hë ½Í.  I waste a lot of time daydreaming. Téi ½Á phÈ nhiåu thñi gian mï mîng. (be) busy...  She said she couldn’t see me. She was too busy doing other things. Cé Þy ½Á nÍi cé Þy khéng thæ gÜp téi. Cé Þy qu¾ bân ½æ l¿m vièc kh¾c. D Go swimming/go fishing v.v... Ta dÓng go -ing vði nhiåu h¿nh ½îng (½Üc bièt l¿ trong thæ thao). ChÚng hÂn, bÂn cÍ thæ nÍi: go swimming go sailing go skiing go jogging v.v... Tõïng tú go shopping/go sightseeing.  I’d like to go skiing. Téi thÈch trõôt tuyät.  When did you last go shopping? BÂn ½i cøa h¿ng lßn cuêi cÓng v¿o khi n¿o?  I’ve never been sailing. (vå been v¿ gone, xem UNIT 7D) Téi chõa bïi thuyån bao giñ. BÂn cÕng cÍ thæ nÍi “come swimming/come skiing” v.v...:  Why don’t you come swimming with us? Sao bÂn khéng ½i bïi vði chÒng téi?

Unit 63. To..., for... and so that... (purpose) A ChÒng ta dÓng to... ½æ nÍi vÉ sao mît ngõñi l¿m mît vièc gÉ ½Í (= mÖc ½Èch cÔa h¿nh ½îng):  “Why did you go out?” “To post a letter.” \"Anh ½i ra ngo¿i l¿m gÉ vây?\" \"#æ bÏ thõ.\"  A friend of mine phoned to invite me to a party. Mît ngõñi bÂn gÑi ½ièn thoÂi mñi téi ½än dú tièc.  We shouted to warn everybody of the danger. ChÒng téi la to ½æ b¾o cho mÑi ngõñi biät sú nguy hiæm. ChÒng ta dÓng to.. ½æ nÍi tÂi sao mît vât n¿o ½Í tën tÂi hay tÂi sao mît ngõñi n¿o ½Í cÍ/muên/cßn (has/wants/needs) mît vât n¿o ½Í.  This wall is to keep people out of the garden. Böc tõñng n¿y ½æ ng×n ngõñi ngo¿i v¿o võñn.  The president has a team of bodyguards to protect him. Tìng thêng cÍ mît ½îi vè sË bÀo vè éng ta.  I need a bottle opener to open this bottle. Téi cßn c¾i mò chai ½æ mò c¾i chai n¿y. B ChÒng ta dÓng to... ½æ nÍi vièc gÉ cÍ thæ l¿m hay cßn phÀi l¿m bÙng c¾ch n¿o ½Í:  It’s difficult to find a place to park in the city centre. (=a place where you can park) #æ tÉm ra mît nïi ½âu xe ò trung tÝm th¿nh phê thât l¿ khÍ kh×n.  Would you like something to eat? «ng muên dÓng thö gÉ ½Í khéng?  Have you got much work to do? (=Work that you much do) Anh cÍ nhiåu vièc phÀi l¿m khéng?  I get lonely if there’s nobody to talk to. Téi cÀm thÞy cé ½ïn näu khéng cÍ ai ½æ nÍi chuyèn. CÕng nhõ vây: money/ time/ chance/ opportunity/ energy/ courage... to (do something).  They gave us some money to buy some food. HÑ ½õa cho chÒng téi Èt tiån ½æ mua ½ë ×n.  Do you have much opportunity to practise your English? Anh cÍ nhiåu dÌp ½æ thúc h¿nh tiäng Anh khéng?  I need a few days to think about your proposal. Téi cßn Èt ng¿y ½æ suy nghË vå ½å nghÌ cÔa anh.

C For... v¿ to... HÁy so s¾nh:  I’m going to Spain for a holiday. Téi sÆ sang TÝy Ban Nha nghÊ hÄ. nhõng  I’m going to Spain to learn Spanish. Téi sÆ sang TÝy Ban Nha ½æ hÑc tiäng TÝy Ban Nha. (khéng dÓng 'for learn Spanish' hay 'for learn Spanish') ChÒng ta dÓng for+danh t÷ (for a holiday) nhõng to+½îng t÷ (to learn). Thãm v¿i vÈ dÖ:  What would you like for dinner? BÂn muên gÉ cho bùa chiåu? nhõng  What would you like to eat? (khéng dÓng 'for eat') «ng muên dÓng gÉ?  Let’s go to the pool for a swim! ChÒng ta hÁy ½i ½än bæ bïi ½æ bïi! nhõng  Let’s go to the pool to have a swim. Lõu û rÙng bÂn cÍ thæ nÍi ...for (somebody) to (do something)  There weren’t any chairs for us to sit on, so we had to sit on the floor. #Á khéng cÍ c¾i ghä n¿o cho chÒng téi ngëi cÀ, vÉ thä chÒng téi phÀi ngëi lãn s¿n nh¿. BÂn cÍ thæ dÓng for -ing ½æ nÍi vå céng dÖng, mÖc ½Èch chung cÔa mît vât. To... cÕng cÍ thæ ½õôc dÓng:  This knife is only for cutting bread (hoÜc to cut bread). Con dao n¿y chÊ dÓng ½æ cØt b¾nh mÉ. BÂn cÍ thæ dÓng What... for? ½æ hÏi vå mÖc ½Èch, céng dÖng:  What is this switch for? C¾i céng tØc n¿y ½æ l¿m gÉ vây?  What did you do that for? Anh l¿m c¾i ½Í ½æ l¿m gÉ vây? D So that

#éi khi bÂn phÀi dÓng so that ½æ chÊ mÖc ½Èch. ChÒng ta dÓng so that (khéng dÓng to...): i/ Khi mÖc ½Èch l¿ phÔ ½Ình (so that... won’t/wouldn’t):  I hurried so that I wouldn’t be late. (=because I didn't want to be late) Téi ½Á vîi ½æ khÏi bÌ trç.  Leave early so that you won’t (hoÜc don’t) miss the bus). HÁy ½i sðm ½æ anh sÆ khéng (hoÜc khéng) trç xe buût. ii/ DÓng vði can v¿ could (so that... can/could):  She’s learning English so that she can study in Canada.  We moved to London so that we could visit our friend more often. ChÒng téi chuyæn ½än LuÝn ½én ½æ cÍ thæ th×m bÂn bÄ cÔa chÒng téi thõñng xuyãn hïn. iii/ Khi mît ngõñi l¿m ½iåu gÉ ½Í ½æ ngõñi kh¾c l¿m vièc kh¾c nùa:  I gave her my address so that she could contact me. Téi ½õa cho cé Þy ½Ìa chÊ cÔa téi ½æ cé Þy cÍ thæ liãn lÂc vði téi.  He wore glasses and a false beard so that nobody would recognise him. «ng ta mang kÈnh v¿ rÝu giÀ ½æ khéng ai nhân ra éng ta.

Unit 64. Adjective + to... A Difficult to understand v.v... HÁy so s¾nh c¾c cÝu a v¿ b:  Jim doesn’t speak very clearly. Jim nÍi khéng rÐ r¿ng lØm. (a) It is difficult to understand him. KhÍ m¿ hiæu ½õôc anh Þy. (b) He is difficult to understand. Anh Þy thât khÍ hiæu. C¾c cÝu a v¿ b cÍ cÓng mît nghËa. Nhõng lõu û rÙng chÒng ta nÍi:  He is difficult to understand. (khéng nÍi 'He is difficult to understand him') BÂn dÓng c¾c cÞu trÒc trãn vði: difficult easy hard impossible dangerous safe expensive cheap v¿ mît sê tÈnh t÷ (vÈ dÖ, nice, interesting, exciting):  Do you think it is safe to drink this water?  Do you think this water is safe to drink? (khéng nÍi 'to drink it') Anh cho rÙng nõðc n¿y uêng ½õôc chö?  Your writing is awful. It is impossible to read it. (=to read your writing) Your writing is impossible to read. Chù viät cÔa anh thât khÍ ½Ñc.  I like being with Jill. It’s very interesting to talk to her. Téi thÈch ò bãn Jill. Thât thÒ vÌ khi nÍi chuyèn vði cé Þy. Jill is very interesting to talk to. (khéng nÍi 'to talk to her') Thât thÒ vÌ khi nÍi chuyèn vði Jill. BÂn cÍ thæ dÓng cÞu trÒc n¿y vði tÈnh t÷+danh t÷:  This is difficult question (for me) to answer. (khéng dÓng 'to answer it') #Ýy l¿ cÝu hÏi khÍ trÀ lñi. (½êi vði téi) B It's nice (of you) to... BÂn cÍ thæ dÓng cÞu trÒc n¿y ½æ nÍi bÂn nghË gÉ vå vièc m¿ ai ½Í l¿m:  It was nice of you to take me to the station. Thank you very much.

BÂn thât tø tä khi ½õa téi ½än nh¿ ga. C¾m ïn bÂn nhiåu. Nhiåu tÈnh t÷ ½õôc dÓng theo c¾ch n¿y, vÈ dÖ: kind clever sensible mean silly stupid careless unfair considerate  It’s silly of Mary to give up her job when she needs the money. Mary thât l¿ dÂi dît ½Á bÏ vièc l¿m khi m¿ cé Þy cßn tiån.  I think it was very unfair of him to criticise me. Téi nghË éng ta thât bÞt céng khi phã bÉnh téi. C I'm sorry to... BÂn cÍ thæ dÓng cÞu trÒc n¿y ½æ nÍi ngõñi n¿o ½Í phÀn öng lÂi c¾c sú vièc nhõ thä n¿o:  I was sorry to hear that your father is ill. Téi lÞy l¿m tiäc khi nghe rÙng cha cÔa anh bÌ êm. BÂn cÍ thæ dÓng nhiåu tÈnh t÷ kh¾c theo c¾ch n¿y. VÈ dÖ: happy glad pleased sad disappointed delighted amazed astonished surprised relieved  Was Tom surprised to see you when you went to see him? Tom ngÂc nhiãn thÞy anh khi anh ½än th×m anh Þy phÀi khéng?  We were delighted to get your letter last week. ChÒng téi ½Á vui sõðng khi nhân ½õôc l¾ thõ cÔa anh tußn trõðc. C The first (person) to know, the next train to arrive ChÒng ta dÓng to.... sau the first/second/third v.v... v¿ cÕng vây sau the next, the last, the only:  If I have any more news, you will be the first (person) to know. Näu téi cÍ tin gÉ mði, anh sÆ l¿ ngõñi ½ßu tiãn ½õôc biät.  The next train to arrive at platfom 4 will be the 6.50 to Cardiff. Chuyän t¿u tiäp theo tði ò ½õñng ray sê 4 sÆ ½i Cardiff v¿o lÒc 6 giñ 50.  Everybody was late except me. I was the only one to arrive on time. MÑi ngõñi ½åu bÌ trç tr÷ téi. Téi l¿ ngõñi duy nhÞt tði ½Òng giñ. E BÂn cÍ thæ nÍi rÙng mît vièc n¿o ½Í l¿ sure/certain/bound/likely xÀy ra:

 She’s very intelligent. She’s sure/certain/bound to pass the exam. Cé Þy rÞt théng minh. Cé Þy chØc chØn/½õïng nhiãn/nhÞt ½Ình thi ½âu.  I’m likely to be late home this evening. (=I will probably be late home) Têi nay cÍ thæ téi vå nh¿ muîn.

Unit 65. To...(afraid to do) and preposition + -ing A Afraid to (do) v¿ afraid of (do) ing I am afraid to do something (téi ngÂi (sô) l¿m ½iåu gÉ ½Í) = Téi khéng muên l¿m ½iåu ½Í bòi vÉ ½iåu ½Í nguy hiæm, hoÜc kät quÀ cÍ thæ khéng têt. ChÒng ta dÓng afraid to do vði nhùng vièc chÒng ta l¿m cÍ chÔ tÝm (intentionally):  A lot of people are afraid to go out at night. (= they don't want to go out because it is dangerous — so they don't go out) Nhiåu ngõñi ngÂi ½i ra ngo¿i ban ½ãm. (= hÑ khéng muên ½i ra ngo¿i bòi vÉ ½iåu ½Í nguy hiæm vÉ vây hÑ khéng ½i ra ngo¿i)  He was afraid to tell his parents about the broken window. (= he didn't want to tell them because he knew they would be angry) Câu ta sô nÍi vði cha mÇ mÉnh vå c¾i cøa sì bÌ vó. (= Câu ta khéng muên nÍi vði hÑ vÉ câu ta biät rÙng hÑ cÍ thæ nìi giân) I am afraid of something happening = cÍ khÀ n×ng mît ½iåu gÉ xÞu sÆ xÀy ra. (VÈ dÖ tai nÂn) ChÒng ta khéng dÓng afraid of -ing cho nhùng vièc chÒng ta l¿m cÍ chÔ tÝm:  The path was icy, so we walked very carefully. We were afraid of falling. (= it was possible we would fall — not 'we were afraid to fall') Con ½õñng n¿y ½Á bÌ ½Íng b×ng, vÉ thä chÒng téi ½i rÞt thân trÑng. ChÒng téi e sÆ bÌ ngÁ. (=cÍ khÀ n×ng chÒng téi sÆ ngÁ — khéng nÍi 'we were afraid to fall')  I don’t like dogs. I’m always afraid of being bitten. (khéng nÍi 'afraid to be bitten') Téi khéng thÈch chÍ. Téi luén luén sô bÌ cØn. Töc l¿ bÂn ngÂi phÀi l¿m ½iåu gÉ ½Í (afraid to do) vÉ bÂn sô sÆ xÀy ra mît ½iåu gÉ ½Í (afraid of something happening) nhõ l¿ mît hâu quÀ tÞt yäu:  I was afraid to go near the dog because I was afraid of being bitten. Téi sô ½i gßn con chÍ vÉ téi sô bÌ cØn. B Interested in (do)ing v¿ interested to (do) I’m interested in doing something = téi thÈch l¿m ½iåu gÉ ½Í, téi ½ang nghË vå vièc thúc hièn ½iåu ½Í.  I’m trying to sell my car but nobody is interested in buying it. (not 'to buy'). Téi ½ang cê gØng b¾n c¾i xe cÔa téi nhõng khéng cÍ ai muên mua nÍ. ChÒng ta dÓng interested to ½Üc bièt vði c¾c ½îng t÷ hear/see/know/read/learn: I was interested to hear it = Téi thÈch nghe ½iåu ½Í-téi ½Á nghe ½õôc ½iåu ½Í v¿ nÍ l¿m téi quan tÝm.  I was interested to hear that Diane has got a new job. Téi ½Á rÞt vui khi nghe rÙng Diane cÍ céng vièc mði.  Ask George for his opinion. I would be interested to know what he thinks.

HÁy hÏi George vå quan ½iæm cÔa anh Þy. Téi thÈch ½õôc biät anh Þy nghË gÉ. CÞu trÒc n¿y giêng nhõ surprised to/delighted to v.v...(xem UNIT 64C).  I was surprised to hear that Diane has got a new job. Téi ½Á ngÂc nhiãn khi nghe rÙng Diane cÍ céng vièc mði. C Sorry to (do) v¿ sorry for (do)ing ChÒng ta thõñng nÍi sorry to... ½æ xin líi khi (hay l¿ ngay trõðc khi) chÒng ta l¿m gÉ ½Í:  I’m sorry to bother you, but I need to talk to you. Téi xin líi khi quÞy rßy anh, nhõng téi cßn phÀi nÍi chuyèn vði anh. ChÒng ta dÓng sorry to (hear/read v.v...) ½æ biæu thÌ sú quan tÝm tði ngõñi n¿o ½Í (xem UNIT 64C):  I was sorry to hear that Fiona lost her job. (=I was sorry when I hear...) Téi lÞy l¿m tiäc khi nghe rÙng Fiona bÌ mÞt vièc. BÂn cÍ thæ dÓng sorry for (doing something) ½æ xin líi vå vièc bÂn ½Á l¿m trõðc ½Í  (I’m) sorry for shouting at you yesterday. (khéng nÍi 'Sorry to shout...') (Téi) xin líi vå vièc ½Á la rßy bÂn ng¿y hém qua. BÂn cÕng cÍ thæ nÍi:  (I’m) sorry I shouted at you yesterday. D Lõu û rÙng chÒng ta nÍi:  I want to (do)/I’d like to (do). nhõng I’m thinking of (do)ing/I dream of (do)ing.  I failed to (do) nhõng I succeeded in (do)ing.  I allowed them to (do) nhõng I prevented them from (do)ing. C¾c vÈ dÖ, hÁy xem UNIT 53, UNIT 54 v¿ UNIT 61.

Unit 66. See somebody do and see somebody doing A HÁy xÃt tÉnh huêng sau: Tom lãn xe cÔa mÉnh v¿ l¾i ½i. BÂn ½Á nhÉn thÞy ½iåu n¿y. BÂn cÍ thæ nÍi:  I saw Tom get into his car and drive away. Téi ½Á nhÉn thÞy Tom lãn xe cÔa mÉnh v¿ l¾i ½i. Trong cÞu trÒc n¿y chÒng ta dÓng get/drive/do v.v... (nguyãn máu khéng cÍ to) Somebody did something + I saw this I saw somebody do something Lõu û rÙng chÒng ta dÓng nguyãn máu khéng cÍ to.  We saw them go out. (khéng dÓng 'to go') ChÒng téi thÞy hÑ ½i ra ngo¿i. Nhõng sau thæ bÌ ½îng (“they were seen”) v.v... chÒng ta dÓng to:  They were seen to go out. HÑ ½Á bÌ nhÉn thÞy ½i ra ngo¿i. B HÁy xÃt tÉnh huêng sau: Ng¿y hém qua bÂn ½Á nhÉn thÞy Ann. Cé Þy ½ang chñ xe buût. BÂn cÍ thæ nÍi:  I saw Ann waiting for a bus. — Téi ½Á nhÉn thÞy Ann ½ang chñ xe buût. Trong cÞu trÒc n¿y chÒng ta dÓng -ing (waiting): Somebody was doing something + I saw this I saw somebody doing something C HÁy nghiãn cöu sú kh¾c nhau vå nghËa giùa 2 cÞu trÒc n¿y.  “I saw him do something” = Téi ½Á nhÉn thÞy anh Þy l¿m vièc gÉ ½Í — anh Þy ½Á l¿m xong mît vièc (qu¾ khö ½ïn) v¿ téi nhÉn thÞy ½iåu n¿y. Téi ½Á nhÉn thÞy to¿n bî sú vièc t÷ lÒc bØt ½ßu ½än khi kät thÒc.  He fell off the wall. I saw this  I saw him fall off the wall. Anh Þy ngÁ t÷ böc tõñng xuêng. Téi ½Á nhÉn thÞy ½iåu n¿y Téi ½Á nhÉn thÞy anh Þy ngÁ t÷ tõñng xuêng.  The accident happened. Did you see this?  Did you see the accident happen?

Tai nÂn ½Á xÀy ra. Anh cÍ nhÉn thÞy ½iåu ½Í khéng?  Anh cÍ nhÉn thÞy tai nÂn xÀy ra khéng?  “I saw him doing something” = Téi ½Á nhÉn thÞy anh Þy ½ang l¿m gÉ ½Í — Anh Þy ½Á ½ang l¿m ½iåu gÉ ½Í (qu¾ khö tiäp diçn) v¿o lÒc téi nhÉn thÞy ½iåu n¿y. Téi ½Á nhÉn thÞy anh Þy khi anh Þy ½ang ò giùa ch÷ng céng vièc. #iåu n¿y khéng cÍ nghËa l¿ téi nhÉn thÞy to¿n bî sú vièc.  He was walking along the street. Anh Þy ½ang ½i dÑc theo con phê. I saw this when I drove past in my car. Téi ½Á nhÉn thÞy ½iåu n¿y khi téi chÂy xe ngang qua.  I saw him walking along the street. Téi nhÉn thÞy anh Þy ½ang ½i trãn phê. #éi khi sú kh¾c nghËa khéng quan trÑng lØm v¿ bÂn cÍ thæ dÓng cÞu trÒc n¿o cÕng ½õôc.  I’ve never seen her dance hoÜc I’ve never seen her dancing. Téi chõa bao giñ nhÉn thÞy cé Þy khiãu vÕ. D ChÒng ta dÓng cÞu trÒc n¿y vði see v¿ hear v¿ mît sê c¾c ½îng t÷ kh¾c.  I didn’t hear you come in. Téi khéng nghe thÞy anh bõðc v¿o.  Liz suddenly felt something touch her on the shoulder. Liz chôt cÀm thÞy mît vât gÉ ½Í chÂm v¿o vai.  Did you notice anyone go out? Anh cÍ ½æ û thÞy ai ½i ra khéng?  I could hear it raining. Téi cÍ thæ nghe thÞy rÙng trñi ½ang mõa.  The missing boys were last seen playing near the river. C¾c câu bà bÌ mÞt tÈch ½õôc nhÉn thÞy lßn cuêi cÓng khi ½ang chïi bãn séng.  Listen to the birds singing! HÁy lØng nghe chim hÍt!  Can you smell something burning? Anh cÍ cÀm thÞy c¾i gÉ ½Í ½ang ch¾y khéng?  I found Sue in my room reading my letters. Téi ½Á nhÉn thÞy Sue ½ang ½Ñc nhùng böc thõ cÔa téi trong phÎng téi.

Unit 67. ing clauses A Mît mènh ½å (clause) l¿ mît phßn cÔa cÝu. Mît sê cÝu cÍ hai mènh ½å hay nhiåu hïn:  Jim hurt his arm playing tennis mènh ½å chÈnh mènh ½å phÖ Jim bÌ ½au tay khi ½ang chïi tennis  Feeling tired, I went to bed early mènh ½å -ing mènh ½å chÈnh CÀm thÞy mèt, téi ½Á ½i ngÔ sðm “playing tennis” v¿ “feeling tired” l¿ nhùng mènh ½å -ing. Näu mènh ½å -ing ½öng ò ½ßu cÝu (nhõ trong vÈ dÖ thö hai) chÒng ta viät dÞu phày (,) giùa hai mènh ½å. B Khi hai sú vièc xÀy ra ò cÓng mît thñi ½iæm, bÂn cÍ thæ dÓng -ing cho mît trong c¾c ½îng t÷. Mènh ½å chÈnh thõñng ½öng ò ½ßu cÝu:  I’ve just seen Carol. She’s in the bar having a drink. Téi v÷a nhÉn thÞy Carol. Cé Þy ½ang uêng rõôu trong qu¾n. (= cé Þy ½ang ò trong qu¾n rõôu v¿ ½ang uêng rõôu)  A man ran out of the house shouting. (= Anh ta ½Á ra khÏi nh¿ v¿ ½ang la) Mît ngõñi ½¿n éng chÂy ra khÏi nh¿ v¿ la to.  Do something! Don’t just stand there doing nothing! HÁy l¿m c¾i gÉ ½i! #÷ng cÍ ½öng ½Þy m¿ khéng l¿m gÉ cÀ! ChÒng ta cÕng dÓng -ing khi mît h¿nh ½îng xÀy ra trong khi ½ang xÀy ra mît h¿nh ½îng kh¾c. ChÒng ta dÓng -ing cho h¿nh ½îng d¿i hïn. H¿nh ½îng d¿i hïn l¿ phßn thö hai cÔa cÝu.  Jim hurt his arm playing tennis. (= trong khi anh Þy ½ang chïi tennis)  Did you cut yourself shaving? (= trong khi bÂn ½ang cÂo rÝu) Anh ½Á bÌ xõðc khi cÂo rÝu ¿? BÂn cÍ thæ dÓng -ing sau while hoÜc when:  Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis. Jim bÌ ½au tay trong lÒc ½ang chïi tennis.  Be careful when crossing the road. HÁy càn thân khi sang ½õñng. C Khi mît h¿nh ½îng xÀy ra trõðc mît h¿nh ½îng kh¾c, chÒng ta dÓng having (done) cho h¿nh ½îng ½ßu tiãn.  Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.

Sau khi ½Á tÉm ½õôc kh¾ch sÂn, chÒng téi tÉm nïi n¿o ½Í ½æ ×n chiåu.  Having finished her work, she went home. Sau khi ho¿n tÞt céng vièc, cé Þy ½Á ½i vå nh¿. BÂn cÕng cÍ thæ dÓng after -ing:  After finishing her work, she went home. Näu mît h¿nh ½îng ngØn theo sau mît h¿nh ½îng ngØn kh¾c, bÂn cÍ thæ dÓng dÂng -ing ½ïn giÀn (doing thay vÉ having done) cho h¿nh ½îng ½ßu:  Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door. LÞy chÉa khÍa ra khÏi tÒi, anh Þy mò cøa. C¾c cÞu trÒc n¿y thõñng ½õôc dÓng nhiåu trong v×n viät hïn l¿ trong v×n nÍi cÔa tiäng Anh D BÂn cÍ thæ dÓng mènh ½å -ing ½æ giÀi thÈch mît sú vièc hay ½æ nÍi tÂi sao ai ½Í l¿m mît céng vièc n¿o ½Í. Mènh ½å -ing thõñng ½öng trõðc tiãn:  Feeling tired, I went to bed early. (= vÉ téi thÞy mèt) CÀm thÞy mèt, téi ½Á ½i ngÔ sðm.  Being unemployed, he hasn’t got much money. (= vÉ anh ta ½ang thÞt nghièp) BÌ thÞt nghièp anh Þy khéng cÍ nhiåu tiån.  Not having a car, she finds it difficult to get around. (= bòi vÉ cé Þy khéng cÍ xe hïi) Khéng cÍ xe cé Þy thÞy khÍ kh×n ½æ ½i ½Ýy ½Í.  Having already seen the film twice, I didn’t want to go to the cinema. (= vÉ téi ½Á xem phim ½Í hai lßn) #Á xem phim ½Í hai lßn rëi, téi khéng muên ½i xem nùa. C¾c cÞu trÒc n¿y thõñng ½õôc dÓng nhiåu trong v×n viät hïn trong v×n nÍi cÔa tiäng Anh.

Unit 68. Countable and uncountable nouns (1) A Mît danh t÷ cÍ thæ l¿ ½äm ½õôc (countable) hoÜc khéng ½äm ½õôc (uncountable). HÁy so s¾nh:  #äm ½õôc (countable)  I eat a banana every day. Téi ×n mît quÀ chuêi míi ng¿y  I like bananas. Téi thÈch chuêi. Banana l¿ danh t÷ ½äm ½õôc. C¾c danh t÷ ½äm ½õôc cÍ thæ l¿ sê Èt (banana) hay sê nhiåu (bananas). Danh t÷ ½äm ½õôc chÊ nhùng sú vât hay sú vièc ta cÍ thæ ½äm hay tÈnh to¾n. CÍ thæ nÍi “one banana”, “two bananas”, v.v...  Khéng ½äm ½õôc (Uncountable)  I eat rice every day. Téi ×n cïm míi ng¿y.  I like rice. Téi thÈch cïm. Rice l¿ danh t÷ khéng ½äm ½õôc. C¾c danh t÷ khéng ½äm ½õôc chÊ cÍ mît dÂng (rice). C¾c danh t÷ khéng ½äm ½õôc chÊ nhùng sú vât hay sú vièc chÒng ta khéng thæ ½äm hay tÈnh to¾n ½õôc. Ta khéng thæ nÍi “one rice”, “two rices”, v.v... C¾c vÈ dÖ vå danh t÷ ½äm ½õôc  There’s a beach near here. CÍ mît bÁi biæn ò gßn ½Ýy.  Ann is singing a song. Ann ½ang h¾t mît b¿i h¾t.  Have you got a ten-pound note? BÂn cÍ 10 ½ëng tiån giÞy khéng?  It wasn’t your fault. It was an accident. #Í khéng phÀi l¿ líi cÔa anh. #Í l¿ mît sú ngáu nhiãn.  There are no batteries in the radio. ´ trong ½¿i khéng cÍ pin.  We haven’t got enough cups. ChÒng ta khéng cÍ ½Ô cêc.

C¾c vÈ dÖ vå danh t÷ khéng ½äm ½õôc  There’s sand in my shoes. Trong gi¿y cÔa téi cÍ c¾t.  Ann is listening to (some) music. Ann ½ang nghe (mÞy) bÀn nhÂc.  Have you got any money? BÂn cÍ Èt tiån khéng?  It wasn’t your fault. It was bad luck. #Í khéng phÀi l¿ líi cÔa anh. #Í l¿ mît sú khéng may.  There is no electricity in this house. Trong ngéi nh¿ n¿y khéng cÍ ½ièn.  We haven’t got enough water. ChÒng ta khéng cÍ ½Ô nõðc. B BÂn cÍ thæ dÓng a/an vði c¾c danh t÷ ½äm ½õôc sê Èt. a beach a student an umbrella  BÂn khéng thæ dÓng c¾c danh t÷ ½äm ½õôc m¿ khéng cÍ a/the/my v.v.. ½i kÄm:  I want a banana (khéng dÓng 'I want banana'). Téi muên mît quÀ chuêi.  There’s been an accident. (khéng dÓng 'there's been accident') #Á cÍ mît tai nÂn. BÂn cÍ thæ dÓng c¾c danh t÷ ½äm ½õôc ò sê nhiåu ½öng mît mÉnh:  I like bananas. (chuêi nÍi chung)  Accidents can be prevented. C¾c tai nÂn cÍ thæ tr¾nh ½õôc. Xem thãm UNIT 74.  BÂn khéng thæ dÓng a/an vði c¾c danh t÷ khéng ½äm ½õôc. ChÒng ta khéng nÍi “a sand” hoÜc “a music”. Nhõng thõñng hay dÓng a... of: a bowl of rice a drop of water a piece of music a game of tennis v.v... BÂn cÍ thæ dÓng c¾c danh t÷ ½äm ½õôc mît mÉnh (khéng kÄm a/the/my):  I eat rice every day.

Téi ×n cïm míi ng¿y.  There’s blood on your shirt. CÍ m¾u trãn ¾o sï mi cÔa anh.  Can you hear music? BÂn cÍ thæ nghe thÞy tiäng nhÂc khéng? Xem thãm UNIT 74. C  Ta dÓng some v¿ any vði c¾c danh t÷ ½äm ½õôc ò sê nhiåu:  We sang some songs. ChÒng téi ½Á h¾t mÞy b¿i h¾t.  Did you buy any apples? BÂn cÍ mua tr¾i t¾o n¿o khéng? Ta dÓng many v¿ few vði c¾c danh t÷ ½äm ½õôc ò sê nhiåu:  We didn’t take many photographs. ChÒng téi ½Á khéng chÖp nhiåu Ành.  I have a few jobs to do. Téi cÍ v¿i vièc phÀi l¿m.  BÂn cÍ thæ dÓng some v¿ any vði c¾c danh t÷ khéng ½äm ½õôc:  We listened some music. ChÒng téi ½Á nghe v¿i bÀn nhÂc.  Did you buy any apple juice? BÂn cÍ mua chÒt nõðc t¾o n¿o khéng? Ta dÓng much v¿ little vði c¾c danh t÷ khéng ½äm ½õôc:  We didn’t do much shopping. ChÒng téi ½Á khéng ½i mua sØm nhiåu.  I have a little work to do. Téi cÍ chÒt vièc phÀi l¿m.