EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Multi-national naval 06 Dr. Sachchidanand Joshi exercise MILAN 2022 17 EDITOR Fusion of Culture Dr. Priyanka Mishra 08 ISHAN MANTHAN 2022 DY. EDITOR The Divinity of Joy Kuriakose Saint Poet Tyagaraja ASSISTANT EDITOR COVER STORY 19 Ravi Srivastava The Divinity of Saint Poet 21 EDITORIAL IN-CHARGE- Tyagaraja Shashiprabha Tiwari fu;fr vkSj iq:”kkFkZ dk leUo; gS & EDITORIAL TEAM 33 iz/kkuea=h laxzgky; Sunita Govind Ranjana Bisht 40 45 PHOTO CREDITS All Photographs are from the IGNCA Archive/ Photography unit unless specified otherwise. Published by Dr. Sachchidanand Joshi Member Secretary, IGNCA on behalf of Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts, Janpath Building, Janpath, New Delhi- 110001 Printed at M/S Creative Offset Press 131, FIE, Patparganj Industrial Area, Delhi -110092 E-mail: igncavihangama@ gmail.com The opinions expressed in the magazine are those of the authors/interviewers and IGNCA does not necessarily subscribe to them.
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06 AKAM − Vihangama March-April Multi-national naval exercise MILAN 2022 Indira Gandhi National Centre for the foreign high level delegates and 14 foreign Arts organised cultural programmes warships and aircrafts, in addition to Indian in collaboration with Eastern Naval Navy units and the representatives from these Command and Government of Andhra countries participated in the event and also Pradesh, under the Aegis of Azadi Ka Amrit witnessed the flying kites as well as Rangolis Mahotsava from 26th to 28th February 2022 at the venue. MILAN is a multinational at Ramakrishna Beach and Milan Village, naval exercise, conducted once every 2 Vishakhapatnam. IGNCA on behalf of years. The theme of MILAN 2022 titled Ministry of Culture participated in the event. “Camaraderie, Cohesion, Collaboration” was Chief Guest Hon’ble Golagani Hari Venkata true embodiment of the spirit of the exercise. Kumari, Mayor, Vishakapatnam inaugurated Forty six friendly countries were invited for the cultural programmes. During the MILAN 2022. inaugural session, Dr.Priyanka Mishra, The Cultural Performances organised by Director, IGNCA delivered the welcome IGNCA on behalf of Ministry of Culture address and elaborated the concept, the theme under the aegis of AKAM included the of AKAM( Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav) and following - the significance of this particular celebration by Indian navy organised at Milan 2022. The Kite Flying - 26th to 28th February 2022 Hon’ble guest was felicitated by Ms. Priyanka Behind RK Beach Bus Stop, Next to Gavvala Chandra, Director, AKAM, MoC. Shops, Landmark NTR Statue. The programme was significant as 140
Rangoli- 26th to 28th February March-April 07 2022 (Full Day) at RK Beach Bus Stop, Next to Gavvala Shops, Landmark Glimpses of MILAN 2022 NTR Statue. Cultural troupe participated in City Parade- 26th and 27th February 2022 at Ramakrishna Beach. Cultural Programme on 26th to 28th February 2022 at Beach road. Cultural performance on 28th February 2022 at Milan Village. The performances by Konapgoluja this led by Guru Shrimati Sita Prasad Lakshmi and troupe displayed the beautiful Indian culture and graced the city parade. Shri Hemachandra and Smt. Sranava Bhargavi, Shri Komanduri Saketh and Shri Sonti Geetha Madhuri presented power packed singing performances. Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA) also invited Srkakulam based Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav winners group SPL, to perform the ethos of Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav. Last but not the least an exclusive event was held at Milan village for the Navy personals and their families which included Kuchipudi dance, a ballet presented by Mahaandra Maharmtmyam led by Guru Kiranmavi Pulipaka and troupe. The three day event was a grand success. Enthusiastic public full of excitement thronged the venue It was a true blend of Janbhagidari and patriotism. -Shivani Sharma Project Associate PRASTUTI
08 ISHAN MANTHAN − Vihangama March-April Fusion of North- Eastern Culture ISHAN MANTHAN 2022 Northeast India (officially North Eastern dialects in which Bodo form the largest indigenous Region, NER) is the easternmost region ethnic group. The hills states in the region like of India representing both a geographic Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and and political administrative division of the Nagaland are predominantly inhabited by tribal country and comprises of eight states – Assam, people with a degree of diversity even within Sikkim, Tripura, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, the tribal groups. The region’s population results Manipur, Meghalaya and Mizoram. from ancient and continuous flows of migrations The states of North Eastern Region are officially from Tibet, Indo-Gangetic India, the Himalayas, recognised under the North Eastern Council present Bangladesh, and Myanmar. (NEC), constituted in 1971 as the acting agency Indira Gandhi National Centre for The Arts for the development of the north eastern states. (IGNCA) in collaboration with Prajna Pravah Long after induction of NEC, Sikkim formed part as knowledge partner had organised a three-day of the North Eastern Region as the eighth state event from 25th to 27th March 2022, at IGNCA, in 2002. India’s Look-East connectivity projects Janpath, New Delhi to celebrate the rich and connect Northeast India to East Asia and ASEAN. vibrant cultural heritage of North East India. Guwahati city in Assam is called the Gateway to Shri G. Kishan Reddy, Hon’ble Union Minister the North East and is the largest metropolis in for Culture, Tourism and Development of North North East India. Eastern Region of India, Government of India The Seven Sister States is a popular term for the inaugurated the three-day event on North East contiguous states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, India held under the banner “Ishan Manthan” Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland and in the presence of Dr. Sachchidanand Joshi, Tripura prior to inclusion of the state of Sikkim Member Secretary, IGNCA. The other esteemed into the North Eastern Region of India. The dignitaries who graced the occasion included sobriquet ‘Land of the Seven Sisters’ was coined to Shri. J. Nandakumar, National Convener, Prajna coincide with the inauguration of the new states Pravah, Prof. Santishree Dhulipudi Pandit, Vice in January 1972 by Jyoti Chancellor, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Dr. Prasad Saikia, a journalist Priyanka Mishra, IPS, Director (Admn), IGNCA. in Tripura, in the course of a radio talk show. He Speaking on the occasion, later compiled a book on Shri G. Kishan Reddy the interdependence and said, “The North Eastern commonness of the Seven Region inhabits about 400 Sister States. Northeast India communities who speak has over 220 ethnic groups more than 200 languages. and an equal number of The simplicity and humility of the people from the Northeast provide them with a unique identity.” Shri Reddy
ISHAN MANTHAN − Vihangama March-April 09 further added, “The Narendra and varied fields. The book way of horizontally digging the Modi Government is working for showcases achievements of 64 earth to find water, the suranga the welfare and development of personalities in a beautifully is dug vertically through the hilly the region. We have prioritised designed book. The next book terrains of Kasargod. Kunhambu, connectivity through all four was on ‘Lok Beyond Folk’ by J. age 69, is the last surviving means of rail, road, airway and Nandaluma. man who is an expert in the waterways. The budget for the The event also witnessed technology of suranga digging. region has increased by over 110% the screening of three films/ And the third film screened was in the last seven and half years, documentaries. The ‘Jewels of on‘Gurujana’ by Shri Sudipto which reflects our commitment North East India’ directed by Shri Sen. The film ‘Gurujana’ as he is to promote the region at a global Kamal Nathani, showcases the known by his followers, rendered level.” Delivering the keynote exemplary achievements of eight musically to tell the story of the address, Shri. J. Nandakumar, personalities from eight North great man, often reverted as the National Convener, Prajna eastern states of India. The film reincarnation of lord Vishnu, Pravah, said, ‘the cultural diversity beautifully captures the names of who is known as the god of love, of the Northeast is essentially each of the 64 personalities and affection, justice, knowledge the magnification of the cultural their area of specialization. The and compassion. This film is a unity of the country’. Addressing film talks about the importance unique experience of knowing the august gathering Prof. of the book and how it bridges a great man through music and Santishree Dhulipudi Pandit, the gap between North East reverberation of his creation, not Vice- Chancellor, Jawaharlal India and the rest of India. It’s a by scripted narration. Nehru University said, that Bharat tribute to the heroes of North As part of three-day event, has never conquered any part of East India and is in sync with eminent speakers, panellists and the world by means of military the Hon’ble PM’s initiative of special guests were invited to power but through culture, trade “Ek Bharat Shrestha Bharat.”The speak on different subjects such and commerce. She also said that second film screened was on ‘48 as Cultural Interconnectedness, Bharat has culturally influenced Kms under the Earth’ by Sh. Yadu Unsung Freedom Fighter of the entire South Asian region. Dr. Viyajakrishna. This documentary North East India, Languages Sachchidanand Joshi, Member film features Kunhambu and his and Scripts of North East India, Secretary, IGNCA delivered the suranga digging experiences. At Reviving Traditional Tattoos, welcome speech and Dr. Priyanka a time when there was no access Confluence of Manipuri and Mishra, IPS, Director (Admn), to motors, pumps or electricity, Mathura Raas, Leipung, Nature IGNCA, New Delhi presented the the people of Kasargod, Kerala and Healing Practices, Women vote of thanks. developed an indigenous Empowerment, etc. The inaugural session witnessed technology to meet their water As part of the celebrations, the launch of the book titled needs for agriculture and personal cultural programmes were also ‘Jewels of North East India’ use, making use of the specific organised at UNMUKT, IGNCA, complied by Dibya Jyoti Borah type of soil found in the area, they Delhi. The cultural programmes and Kamal Nathani. This book chose a different path to find and included colourful folk dances, is a rare and unique book extract water. This path is called music, art and crafts, and cuisines which catalogues inspirational the ‘suranga’. Unlike traditional of all the seven states. The cultural information about eight achievers programme on the first day from each states of North East was graced by Shri. Sarbananda India. People from North East Sonowal, Hon’ble Minister of India have done remarkable work Ports, Shipping and Waterways in various fields such as Art, and Minister of AYUSH, Music, Environment, Science, Government of India and Dr. Agriculture, Entrepreneurship Rajkumar Ranjan Singh, Hon’ble
10 ISHAN MANTHAN − Vihangama March-April Minister of State for External Affairs and Education, Government of India. The second day programme The Bodo community that performed the Bagurumba was graced by Shri Arjun Ram Meghwal, Hon’ble dance is a colourful folk dance of Assam. The Minister of State- Ministry of Parliamentary affairs Manipuri Students Association, Delhi showcased and Ministry of Culture, Government of India and their Khamba Thoibi Jagoi Dance. Khamba Thoibi Shri. Manoj Tiwari, Hon’ble Member of Parliament, Jagoi is a folk dance of Moirang, an ancient kingdom Lok Sabha, Government of India. On the concluding of Manipur. The Tripura Student Federation, Delhi day, the event was graced by HE. Dr. Janice Darbari, rhythmically performed the Mamita Dance, which Honorary Consul General of Montenegro, India, is a traditional Tripuri dance performed at Mamita Prof. S.P.Singh, Director South Campus, Delhi festival by a group of youngsters. The Northeast University. During the three day cultural evening College Students, Delhi beautifully performed programme well-known folk music bands from the Bhutia dance. Bhutia folk dance called “Tashi different states of Northeast had performed live Sabdo” is an age old group dance beautifully and at IGNCA. The band who performed live at the gracefully shows the customs of offering khadas inauguration of the evening cultural programme was (scarfs) on auspicious occasion. The dancers dance ‘Sofiyum’ from Sikkim. This band was an idea born to the melodious tunes dully supported by musical of individuals of Lepcha artiste in the year 2011 to instrument such as Yarkha, drum, flute and yangjey. preserve, conserve, and revive the Lepcha language The cultural troupe from Meghalaya performed the and art form through music Wangla dance. Wangala, which is also known as the and songs. Another famous folk music band that performed live Festival of Hundred Drums, is at Ishan Manthan was ‘Karpung celebrated with different forms Kardu’k, from Arunachal of dance. Pradesh. This band was also The Cheraw dance popularly formed to preserve the oral known as Mizo bamboo tradition of Arunachal Pradesh. dance performed by the Mizo The band is led by Delong community is characterised by Padung who inherited the the use of bamboo staves which mastery of folk music and art are kept in cross and horizontal from his father. Hailing from the pristine Arunachal forms on the ground. While Pradesh, the epitome of culture richness, the motto the male dancers move these of the band is to preserve and continue the breath of bamboo staves in rhythmic beats, the female dancers folk music, the folk culture of the tribal society, and perform by stepping in and out of the bamboo blocks. spread its uniqueness to the entire world for global Recognised as one of the oldest dances of Mizoram, peace. Cheraw has become an integral part of almost every Another popular and very well-known folk music festival of Mizoram. In fact, on 12th March 2010, the group who performed live on the concluding day state of Mizoram set a new Guinness World Record of Ishan Manthan was the ‘Tetseo Sister.Tetseo in Cheraw, set by 10,736 performers who danced to Sisters’ from Nagaland. Hailing from the capital the traditional music for eight minutes straight. city of Kohima, these siblings have spent their The three day programme on North East India young lives promoting the nearly forgotten music concluded with a valedictory function. Shri Ram of the Chekhesang Naga tribe, which they inherited Bahadur Rai, President, IGNCA, Shri. Mukul from their parents. They sang about life lessons, Kanitkar, National Organising Secretary, Bharatiya nature, love, friendship, hope, courage and youthful Shikshan Mandal, Dr.Sachchidanand Joshi, Member ambitions, values, time and living an inspiring life. Secretary, IGNCA, and Dr. Priyanka Mishra, IPS, Apart from folk music, folk dances were performed Director (Admn) were present during the occasion. live by different cultural groups of Northeast India. - Dr. Rembemo Odyuo Research Officer, JS Division
AKAM − Vihangama March-April 11 Thanjavur Festival celebrates the great legacy Shailja Khanna What was remarkable about demonstrated through dance, what this grand festival was the each sculpture depicted. Several of inclusion of sessions on so the students who were there were many different art forms – literature, transfixed – “we have studied each poetry, painting, architecture, music movement for years; to physically see and dance. Inclusion of the region’s the actual sculptures is surreal” said folk music and dance was welcome. Veena Nair, of the Bharatanatyam The team spirit, and working in andMohiniattam dancing sister duo, unison of the various IGNCA officials Nair Sisters. Later and Mohiniattam from the Pondicherry, Ranchi, dancing sister duo, Nair sisters. Later Baroda and Banaras regional offices during the festival, a 10 hour video of was admirable, including disabled each of the poses was released. school children, and feeding them The inaugural ceremony opened before conveying them home after with auspicious strains of the the concerts was an unexpected “nadaswaram” (in the North, the kind gesture. Also, the thoughtful equivalent instrument is the shehnai hospitality to locals attending the whose notes signal an auspicious various events was laudable. event). The festival was addressed The unofficial start of the festival by the current head of the erstwhile was in the precincts of the Bhonsle ruling family, Shrimant Brihadeeshwara temple, on the first (Babaji) Shivaji Rajah Bhonsle floor of the towering dome, which is Chattrapati, who takes an active not usually open to the public. The interest in all things related to inner walls are adorned with stone Thanjavur, and incidentally is the sculptures of Shiva depicting 81 INTACH convenor for the district. dance poses, or “karanas”; here Dr A brief ritualistic dance (kauthuam) Padma Subrahmanyam’s students that used to traditionally be done
12 AKAM − Vihangama March-April in the temple corridors, preceding the temple deity during the “uttsavam” by Charumathi Chandrasekaran was entrancing. The simple traditional movements were a refreshing change from current Bharatanatyam repertoire. She is the grand-daughter of Guru Kittapa Pillai, descendent of one of the Tanjore quartet who codified current day Bharatanatyam. The online lecture by Sri Aravinth Kumarsawamy from Singapore brought in a global perspective of Thanjavur and the Cholas domination of the South East Asian region. A workshop on how the ancient palm leaf manuscripts (there are more than 40000 in the Saraswati Mahal Library) are preserved and stored was an eye opener. The erudite Dr Perumal has done yeoman service in meticulously maintaining was “the theory of music followed the practise; so, the library’s contents; the current head Dr S while we study to learn, for a performer it’s only Sudershan is also a scholar of repute. the performing tradition one has to focus on. A Harikatha concert, featuring Rukmini’s wedding “Guru mukha” learning is essential for this musical to Lord Krishna was performed by Dr Prameela tradition to flourish” she said. Gurumurthy from Chennai; She was accompanied The day featured two rousing recitals of vocally by her two erudite scholar disciples, both of “naamasankeertan”; the first was by a 13 whom are research scholars in Chennai. member troupe from Chennai, the Gnanananda Naamsankeerthan Mandali. Their rousing songs, The evening concerts featured a newly curated piece, sung in unison created a powerful ambience of by Dr Padma Subrahmanyam, entitled “Sangam devotion; Dr Padma Subrahmanyam explained to Sadir – pearls from Tamil literature”. Whilst, “the common thread of Bhakti runs through all the period the subject covered must have entailed our art traditions, and it is what has cemented huge research and immense scholarship, the dance our country. Thanjavur despite having had so picturisation by the doyen’s three disciples was not many different rulers exemplifies this.” Vitthal, perhaps as awe inspiring. Hearing that the music enthusiastically keeping time on his miniature for each piece was also composed by mridangam was a delight. One learnt Dr Padma Subrahmanyam was an eye “A Harikatha that all “naamkeertan” ends with a opener. Surprisingly, the next piece was hymn to Hanuman, the ultimate Bhakt. Bharatanatyam too; one would have concert, The second was an “abhang” concert preferred a different art form. featuring by Mumbai’s “Abhang King” Ganesh This featured the disciples of the iconic Rukmini’s Kumar, who incidentally also heads 92 year old Guru Kalyanasundaram; Insync TV, the nations premier 24 his totally riveting enunciation of wedding to Lord hour non Bollywood music and dance “nattuvangam” was indeed a highlight channel. Ganesh Kumar hails from the of the concert. The passion which he Krishna was Thanjavur district, his music a living exhibited had “rasa” and “asar”. performed by example of the intermingling of the The following day, Dr Rajeshri Dr Prameela two traditions. Ramakrishna, practising Musician. Gurumurthy The workshop on Tanjore paintings Head of Music department University from Chennai delivered a lecture, important takeaway by the State awardee painter brothers
AKAM − Vihangama contribution to the music of the March-April 13 region. strongest. M Ramesh and M Mahesh was The evening concluded with IGNCA in collaboration with the illuminsting. a vocal recital by the erudite South Zone Cultural Centre and Dr Achal Pandya, heading the S Sowmya; her accompanyists Archaeological Survey of India conservation division at IGNCA Delhi Sairam on the mridangam, organised three day cultural Delhi, and in charge of organising and L Ramakrishnan on violin fiesta celebrating the culture of this festival, shared, that the truly excelled. Again, her choice Thanjavur through literature inclusion of practical knowledge of songs appropriate to the music and dance. based crafts was an important occasion impressed everyone. This was held under the Azadi element of the festival, which Dr Sucheta Bhide Chapekar’s Ka Amrit Mahotsav (AKAM) sought not just to entertain and talk on Maratha compositions scheme launched by the instruct in theory. for Bharatanatyam revealed the Ministry of Culture which The evening featured a concert extensive research, she has put seeks to mark 75 years of by Sikkil Gurucharan; each of into her work, as well as her India’s independence through his carefully chosen songs had a aesthetic sense. Sadly a few of focusing on our heritage as well connect with Thanjavur. The time the other, presumably equally as remembering our freedom constraint of 1 hour saw only scholarly presentations were fighters. Curated by noted short pieces. The next concert in Tamil, so one was unable to dancer scholar Padma Bhushan was by the violinist Lalgudi glean any knowledge. Dr Padma Subrahmanyam, siblings, GJR Krishnan and sister The evening’s performances the event included concerts, Vijayalakshmi. Their iconic were by Madurai based Narthaki demonstrations, talks, and father was from the Thanjavur Nataraj, representing a synthesis workshops. Being the cradle of region; Violin was an important of North and South, by violin duo the arts for the region, Thanjavur contribution to Carnatic Mysore Manjunath and Praveen attained excellence in various art music by Thanjavur. The duo Sheolikar. Tabla accompaniment and craft forms, as seen in the presented short sweet pieces; by Pt Yogesh Samsi enhanced magnificent UNESCO heritage starting with a composition by the concert immensely. One Brihadeeshwara temple, Chola Hridyanath Mangeshkar which would have wished for inclusion bronzes, Tanjore paintings and was both a tribute to the recent of a Veena performance at the the music and dance of the demise of Lata Mangeshkar as festival; the Thanjavur style region. it was a tribute to the Marathas of Veena playing is one of the The next concert was by the violinist Lalgudi siblings, GJR Krishnan and sister Vijayalakshmi. Their iconic father was from the Thanjavur region; Violin was an important contribution to Carnatic music by Thanjavur.
14 Shakti Parva − Vihangama March-April ‘Shakti Parva’ celebrates nari shakti on International Women Day Every year 8th March is IGNCA, Dr. Priyanka Mishra, support of men. It is like Director (Administration), a journey hand in hand. celebrated as International IGNCA, Dr. Sushma Jatoo, Dr. Sachchidanand Joshi Project Director, NSP, and felicitated the distinguished Women’s Day all over the HoD, Kalakosa Division, participants and guests. Dr. inaugurated the event. Dr. Sushma Jatoo gave a detailed world. The Nari Samvaad Gayatri Sathyanarayana, presentation of the various an acclaimed Carnatic academic projects and events Prakalp (NSP) of the Indira music exponent, rendered held so far under Gandhi National Centre a sonorous Manglacharan the umbrella of comprising of Gayatri the Nari Samvaad for Arts (IGNCA) joins the mantra and Durga suktam. Prakalp of IGNCA. Dr. Mishra extended a hearty She presented global community every welcome and deliberated the details of upon how ‘Shakti’, the power each activity and year to celebrate of the feminine, is believed emphasised on the to be the primordial cosmic achievements of all International energy which represents the NSP projects. the dynamic force that is The first session Women’s Day, by thought to move through the of the day entire universe. Dr. Mishra commenced organising two also said that women cannot with a musical move forward without the performance to three-day-long titled ‘रमीे विशट्ष ’नपहाच (Expressions of Identity) presented festival comprising by esteemed Hindustani classical singer Ms. Rama thematic Sundar Ranganathan and her troupe of well-known programs. musicians namely, Pt. Bharat Bhushan Goswami, sarangi This year also, Nari player and Ustad Akhtar Hasan, an acclaimed tabla Samvaad Prakalp player. The performance was a musical adaptation of the (NSP) organised bold poetry of five lady saints namely, Meera Bai, Andal of the sixth edition Tamil Nadu, Akka Mahadevi of the festival titled “Shakti Parva 2022”, constituting panel discussions, thematic book discussions, special cultural programmes, thematic musical performances, exhibition, etc., from 8th-9th March 2022 at the IGNCA premises. On 8th March 2022, erudite dignitaries, namely, Ms. Rama Sundar Ranganathan, renowned classical singer, Dr. Vidushi Sharma, eminent author, Dr. Sachchidanand Joshi, MS
Shakti Parva − Vihangama March-April 15 of Karnataka, Soyarabai of worshipped every day, as has includes the first female Maharashtra and Lalleshwari Prime Minister of India; first of Kashmir, who transcended been happening in Indian woman Chief Minister, first from sagun to nirgun. Ms. lady recipient of the Sahitya Ranganathan, disciple of late culture from ancient times”. Akademi Award; the first Smt. Shanti Sharma and Pt. Indian woman to win an Tejpal Singhji - the foremost He also urged that the Olympic medal; first Indian disciple of Ustad Amir woman to win Noble Peace Khan of Indore Gharana, society should realize that Prize; first Oscar winner in dedicated her performance history from India; etc. The in honour of such women women are the indispensable discussants were Dr. Vijya who resisted patriarchal Kumar Kaushik, Co-editor of norms and injustice. The pillars of the nation, and the book, Dr. Jyoti Kumari, performance was moderated Faculty, Mahatma Gandhi by Nitin Vaidya, an IT they should be encouraged Antar Rashtriya Hindi professional and an avid Vishwavidyalaya, Wardha, music rasika whose deep and provided with equal Maharashtra; Dr. Neha understanding of music Tiwari, Assistant Professor enables him to interpret the opportunities. of English, Karim City idiom of Hindustani classical College, Jamshedpur; Dr. music in simple language, The book discussion Rekha, Assistant Professor thus engaging the audience of Hindi, Shri Lal Nath and enhancing their pleasure highlighted the phenomenal Hindu College, Rohtak and of listening. Ms. Shalini Verma, HoD of A book discussion titled, role of women in shaping Hindi Department in DPS “Prathama” was held in the Doha, Qatar. second session, which was modern India. It also The third session of the based on the well-researched day was organised in articles written on the life accentuated how the Indian collaboration with the stories of the first women Ministry of Culture, which achievers in the history of sub-continent is gradually commenced with a Vedic India.The sessionwas chaired Invocation presented by by Dr. Sachchidanand Joshi, emerging as a powerful the students of Sri Satya Member Secretary, IGNCA Sai University for Human and moderated by Dr. area as women are now Vidushi Sharma, Chief Excellence, Karnataka. Editor of the book. The playing notable roles in The welcome address was session began with the presented by Ms. Sanjukta felicitation of the erudite the development of this Mudgal Joint-Secretary, dignitaries by Dr. Joshi. During the welcome land — its culture and Ministry of Culture. address, Dr. Joshi stated Four publications were that “Shakti should be e c o n o m y . The book released in the presence of Smt. Meenakashi Lekhi, “Prathama” Hon’ble Minister of State for consists of articles on 31 leading ladies which
16 AKAM − Vihangama March-April Culture, Govt. of India and Pupneja was also part of the Vedic period to the the programme along with a Dr. Sachchidanand Joshi, musical band performance by freedom struggle, which ALANKAAR & ARIA, Hindu Member Secretary, IGNCA. College, Delhi University. was inaugurated by Hon’ble A brief session titled These publications included ‘Sharing of Thoughts’ by Minister Smt. Meenakshi Smt. Meenkashi Lekhi, ‘Streedesh: the extraordinary Hon’ble MoS for Culture, Lekhi in the presence of Sh story of forgotten women of Govt. of India was also held Ram Bahadur Rai, President, wherein, she talked about Kashmir’, based on IGNCA- the initiatives- ‘breaking the IGNCA, Dr. Sachchidanand bias’ and ‘sharing is caring’. NSP in-house project; She also urged the audience Joshi, MS IGNCA and other to share thoughts of being ‘Prathama: First Women the first and breaking the dignitaries. shackles. Members of Achievers’; ‘Bharat foreign embassies also spoke A unique cultural about their circumstances, Ratna Kavya Mala: First achievements from theirlives, performance and talk thus building inspirations for Poetry Book on Bharat other women showcasing titled ‘Brahmoday: India’s the path of courage and Ratna Award Recipients’; living a life of fulfilment Dialogue Tradition’ aligned with their dream. ‘Golden Book of World The vote of thanks was was also held in the given by Dr. Sachchidanand Records: First Poetry Joshi. This was followed by last session of the day, an inauguration of a special Book on Arjuna Award exhibition on Historical in collaboration with women, who played a Recipients’. decisive role in India from Sanskriti Ganga Trust Another session titled and Ministry of Culture, ‘Relevance of Yoga Post in which the Chief Guest Pandemic’ was presented was Smt. Meenkashi by Ms. Neetu Sharma, yoga Lekhi, Hon’ble MoS for practitioner and expert Culture, Govt. of India. The from Morarji Desai National event was based on the topic Institute of Yoga. She ‘Dialogue tradition rooted explained how yoga can be in folk singing’, which was a powerful tool to deal with hosted by Dr. Sachchidanand the uncertainty, as well as to Joshi. Smt. Malini Awasthi, maintain physical well-being. eminent folk singer, shared Professor Tanuja Nesari, her experience on the topic, Director, All India Institute of by singing and describing Ayurveda, in herpresentation the theme in her eloquent ‘Lifestyle Management in style, which left the audience the New Normal’, focused spellbound, and a standing on the positive coping ovation was presented in her mechanisms of one’s life honour. The event concluded such as exercise, meditation, with a vote of thanks to the reading, developing certain dignitaries and audience. skills or hobbies, maintaining remote relationships, By Shivani Gupta Project Assistant, Nari active volunteering and Samvaad Prakalp, IGNCA. community service, among other. A stand-up comedy performance by Mr. Robin
Our Heritage − Vihangama March-April 17 The Divinity This saint composer was one of the three “pitamahas”, of of Carnatic Music or as we usually say the musical trinity. Thyagaraja’s Saint Poet powerful genius comprehended the Tyagaraja several and varied excellences of various other music composers or early Dr. Usha Rk masters. Whether it is in the number of compositions, in devotion, in religious fervour, reformatory zeal and spiritual realisation his approach was like those of purandaradasa, when we think of him singing in anguish to Rama we find in him a second Bhadrachala Ramadas, he takes a page off Kshetragna in his pancharthnas and heavier krithis, he treads the path of prabhandha karas or varna karas taking out pieces now and then in the language of the gods he seems to become his contemporary Dikshitar and when he sings of mother tripurasundari it appears as if shyama shastri was sojourning at Thiruvottiyur. From simple compositions set in metrical patters to elaborate Pancharatnas, which have long winding sentences piled one upon the other, we have in Thyagaraja a wide variety of song and skill. While Thyagaraja krithis are almost 70 to 80 % of any Carnatic Concert, many dancers have attempted successfully some of the popular and known compostion’s in the idiom of dance butlike music the krithis of Thyagaraja have never been the main stay of any dance program. Sporadic compositions have found spaces in the Bharata Natyam and Kuchipudi styles. The thought of inclusion of his krithis in dance calls for listening to keertanas
18 Our Heritage − Vihangama March-April understanding the meaning and then of with a huge remuneration but he says will course selecting the compostions which the money give you more joy or will the are truly enabling for storytelling. One reciting of the name of Rama? has to understand the interrelations of the Saint Thyagaraja was adept in every ragas and the emotions of the keertanas kind of communication while he could that can follow each other. very casually speak to Lord Rama or the The compositions of Tyagaraja are a visual devotees he was a master of aesthetic delineation and experience of the Bhakti visualisation. His description of any lord and fervour of this great saint poet. can paint a picture of the beauty and Every keertana of Thyagaraja stirs feelings attributes of the lord by just listening in ones heart and brings tears to the eyes to the composition. In the krithi Naada of the listeners and those who experience tanumanisham, Raga chittaranjini, Tala the song. The language almost simple and adi he describes Lord Shiva. easy to comprehend for a lay man or a “nādatanumaniśaṃ śank̇ aram , namāmi devotee. mē manasā śirasā” Sankara, the embodiment of Nada, “nidhi cāla sukhamā, rāmuni sannidhi sēva constantly I salute mentally and bodily. sukhamā, nijamuga palku manasā”. The bestower of joy and Essence. of Samaveda (the best among Vedas), Is possessing wealth a greater pleasure, or repeatedly. The Lover of the saptaswara- is service in Rama’s presence a greater pleasure?, answer me truthfully, O vidya (music) emerging from His five Mind!, Are curds, butter and milk faces (including Sadyojata) The more tasty? Or, is the nectarine Destroyer of Death The Protector of essence of meditation on and bhajana the pure-hearted Tyagaraja. of Dasaratha’s son more tasty? Is a bath in the Ganga of self control and It is many a time seen in the krithis of tranquility more comforting? Or, is a Tyagaraja that there are messages either bath in the well of evil sense-objects in a forthright manner or sometimes comforting? Is extolling of humans in a hidden manner. The way in which fettered in egotism comforting, he related about Sita clearly shows the or is singing on the pure-minded Lord praised by Thyagaraja respect and dignity of the “woman” comforting? portrayed not only in his krithis but Thyagaraja had the felicity also prevalent in Bharat. of expressing a very deep In the krithi Ma Janaki, Raga and difficult thought in a very simplistic kambhoji, Tala adi “mā jānaki manner that the act seemed very easy chetta paṭṭaga maharāja to accomplish, just like he conveyed in vaithivi” this krithi to refuse the most attractive opportunity of being a court musician He says O Rama, You became very famous because you married our Mother , O Most excellent of Emperors! O Lotus Eyed! Listen; the great fame as vanquisher) of Ravana also is because you married
Our Heritage − Vihangama March-April 19 Sathyanarayana Every Gopi finds Raju as Rama, Subhashini every inch of Vasant as Sita and Soundarya Krishna musical, Srivathsa as Tyagaraja whether it’s our Mother Janaki. Having come along his curly locks, with you to the forest, donning shadow form without disobeying your command, dreamy eyes, having remained with Fire-God (in Her true form), having gone (as shadow) slender fingers along with Ravana – the demon, having remained at Lanka under the Asoka tree, that dance on the having not reduced him (Ravana) to ashes by her eyes by not getting enraged by his flute or his body in words, O spouse of Lakshmi! O nourisher of this Thyagaraja! did She not bring great that breathtaking fame to you alone? When we hear the american concept of tribhangi woman’s liberation and the many stories of suppression of women even in india, everything about I find it imperative to request many , do hear the Tyagaraja Krithi and you will him is lyrical and understand Bharat! In his array of descriptions of the lords, musical. the krithi. Ganamur the associates in an unparalleled manner the beauty of Lover of playing Krishna with music. O Embodiment of music SrI KrishNa! the flute! Protector of the three worlds! Pray protect me. One who stole the heart of Rukmini, the jewel among the women and Creator of Cupid! One who steals butter, son of Nanda, and friend of Arjuna. O Courageous! O Narasimha! O Brave one! Having the hue of the dark clouds! Brother of goddess Parvati! Destroyer of Narakasura, O Beginningless! Pray protect me.The five compositions termed as the Panchratna krithis - the five gems are the ultimate examples of Indian music composing. There never has been or will never be a parallel to them. The balance of every aspect of Carnatic classical musical compositions is embedded in the most aesthetic and subtle manner making them seemingly sound achievable but the intricacies when practiced will devour the over confidence of the student of music and bring them to a level of surrender and submission to the fact that the genius is incomparable and unequaled.
20 The Living Legend − Vihangama March-April Living Legend of Indian Classical Dance Dr. Padma Subrahmanyam Indira Gandhi National Centre for The Arts had the opportunity to interact with the legend of Indian Classical Dance, Dr. Padma Subrahmanyam. Sunita Govind on behalf of IGNCA interviewed Dr. Padma Subrahmanyam on her journey so far and about Natya Shastra. Dr. Padma Subrahmanyam, who has won several awards including the Padma Bhushan and the Sangeet Natak Akademi, is an artist par excellence. She is the trustee of IGNCA and the President of Nrithyodaya. She has won several awards and has been appreciated world-wide for her mesmerizing and inspiring performances. A fewyears back IGNCA had requested Dr. Padma Subrahmanyam to document “Karana Ujjivanam’, “Reconstruction Revisited”, delineating the practical reconstruction of the ‘Marga’ system of dance, which bound the whole Indian sub-continent and Indonesia through a common grammar, till about six centuries ago. The documentary was released in February earlier this year during the Thanjavur festival which was celebrated by Ministry of Culture through IGNCA, Archaeological Survey of India and South Zone Cultural Centre as part of the Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav. It was released at the Brihadiswara Temple. Dr. Subrahmanyam has dedicated this documentary to the nation. Q - What is dance for you? For me dance is breathing. It has helped me to develop the being that I am from different level of existence the physical, spiritual and emotional, thanks to dance. Q- What was your inspiration behind the sculptures of the Nataraja temple at Satara? The temple was built at the behest of Pujyasri Chandrasekarendra
The Living Legend − Vihangama March-April 21 Saraswati Swamigal, the 68th Peetadhipathi was the fact that what I reconstructed was on of Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham. The temple was my intuition which tallied with the Indonesian built by an Industrialist called Shamanna and version. his son. When I got my Padma Shri, Swamiji It is nothing but grace of Guru. I think instead was on his padayatra and in Satara. I went to of my taking the credit, it must be given to Satara to take his blessings and His Holiness Guru’s complete blessing. said Uttara Chidambara Nataraja Mandir is being built and has just started foundation Q. What is the thought and purpose behind work and it was he who ordered me to design a new set of ‘Karana’ sculptures for that new the 108 sculptures of Shiva –Parvathi? Any temple. I designed the sculptures and also reasons for choosing Shiva and Parvathi? arranged for funds. When I designed those sculptures for Satara IwwabItaFSTabTrpo1NeaawaTbKisGwbahfto2eutasbnmnnyueaurfiahhhaoaaahhdstckoorIfaloctdddikareiedssfdooeiyoelnaeakslkjiucatuhiseuf,nnsecurdnpniti,ahmnhutotfonasciInahai,IgwnspgeuhMCepamvantkgmrwetmtstidttnrnnesaterisreahdKsaNraotteahemaeatucd.inslKaegihoelvarlfbhdtncnaeSlnecAtcsnitiriaoapaetevltoaI.uetartgaateodetsch2arlodieieartdnrtmgxlhdlimognlcrhaIpe0anonalaeeweidMwneiaoonwntasstaeKjcns9tdPhijtudthtmta.ihddceiabtriasenaaomGtreIotbrststoiChheuhunhtnvakphorheccwynvomiytImupatmteccaalcsheue.emenefvehrat,deepl,shinhaelmrsyeatthebgdlIwaspnwpoyislueetneimsrraeotoatutpfetrdlkarndb,aahrundoui’KfnhtMrtarlasdmfetecsomeTweahriarsreyee5ihleddKeeceeunoodayn.e.isa2rheePsognnnAstmifsaiinmfhaWaIintrsnaeh,anro’oogKrwKrelataaena.tnpatigaeedasnrtfeImllu,.shhattdamatIlnicswheitrrderarnpweashluabeadtanaliaklnencaGvhRdn7iwMIte.wm’iwitttnntnaodetbiaoaaiSOoadihhwanitsdanateoetthsvaishnIenhsnyIvIcclanItatenscyhanaonaeohekidsJasc.arutdbama.nndnrnaesnuyTmGilaoptadInattcsspoodmlyeetnolutnak.oipuawtsinmmogttdpdntrTuenztehlwahoenipyuuseminimmrppoehglesonthe,tiasesrrtiiwlla.iuikuodkyygvaeeeeeeafsssnI.irncemrkethneshn,twoKss“oTdmtsmtidoePtpFbeenboehhtfyoteawooeafowahDaaioefoomeoeamcBesnorrrbralnnnvvmhthiurtttovhncatrpngoee.hhreeeawnaeenIanolusjtKavammb”raewetlagrhaavoyst.ewnmehet,vaaiGi.eeiiviirncSidditntrtsunneaatmnnII.yaahuahgacotxgsrrggTtnttnueanrua,oihiKswacwostusorontijalfvtIdKanowtaeekeparonasnihehitattpithransulhehmniniusaymaaraacgriHacgcnranlcndehatylureenaSmsstfhanatviahyinetandetsoswwslrchannlhet,aaohloprptcicl,suaorurormsvHmaddytoonwmiaootiu,cerssslo.wteuorveeiprenlctotiaSsniasunanopaorucieh.nteahtsoSlp,nattnp.snstekotilunriatdtioSaauntkohiotudBrsocsCsrcgtcr,taontnoheeefieinurstthheaupatraovrhdfddhde,sveiuItscpryaaahtlvaneisohsIrisdeotettrdvlatdoaPswHhhe.ohrfiemewhaiiftenanitwledmteaaiorwaaegsotiaeaimomiIgkhadntsrbmnnnsisvtPmtsehghpdtevoyeoK’toocbiddeHotthatrnee.heyapwuthntpasoudafrttpmhrmPthocholorlourheovhopomhhmeetmHpalilaeatemulwpastnoaikhe.ecSiiortdmrfmncbecoatdldutaudtoshHSvgoesoehscHheoavskmceeermrhroaichrrsiktoegevhoeogrseaotsuoeodnsuehisemorelsasathonvfpefaeimfwleesaahwtnsninpranttihstteeddaaanpaothttttaiiiamtaepfeisnnnnennehhhiehdoootoorsiamsidwlistnnhdddddyggeeeeeessssrrrtffII.,,
22 The Living Legend − Vihangama March-April the beginning of the movement with two seminar ‘Veda Agama Shilpa Kala Sadas’. hands and Shiva with four hands. The This was in 1960’s and he had invited the secondary hands show the course of action Rajaguru from Thailand, who had brought and the primary hands show the end of the with him a young dancer who performed the action, so, three parts of the movement are role of Hanuman. His Holiness asked him if captured in each stone slab. This series which the Trippevai and Triyampevai festivals of is in Satara temple, are just about one foot, in Thailand are connected with Thiruppavai and height. We have replicated the entire Karana Thiruvemppavai of Tamil literature, which is design of Satara in a larger version, about still in vogue as a religious festival in Tamil two feet at our place called Bharata Ilango Nadu. It was His Holiness who connected Foundation for Asian Culture (BIFAC). It has these and also sent a Vice Chancellor of a a memorial shrine for Bharata Muni and the Tamil University to personally visit Thailand 108 Karana sculptures are done here. There and verify the same. After enquiring from is one Bharata Icon placed at IGNCA, New Thailand, he confirmed what His Holiness Delhi. had said. I wanted to revitalize those literary connections. They had stopped this Trippevai Q. You have a long relationship with South and Triyampevai festivals for 40 years. I performed the same Tiruppavai and Asian University. What do you think about Tiruvempavai production at Royal theatres along with my disciples and Thai artists. I the immense cultural relationship between was happy to know about the revival of the festival. India and Southeast Asian Countries? I went to Cambodia to address the Royal More than Universities, I have a lot of Institute of Dance and had interacted with connection with the artists of South(east) Princess Bhupa Devi who was a dancer, Asian countries. My experience in Thailand when she was young. It was her mother who with the University is where I gave lecture had named the Cambodian dance as ‘Apsara’ demonstrations. It was under one senior dance. It is very popular, known as Apsara choreographer, Achan Chaturang Mantri dance all over the world and it was named so Saarth. I gave a lecture demonstration on due to the presence of sculptures of Apsaras Natya Shastra for about 200 Thai students. in Angkor Vat. I interacted with students of Questions were asked and interesting Royal Institute and found lot of similarities interactions took place. They asked me to between Bharata’s Natya Shastra and what show Brahma and Hanuman and I showed the they are performing. Princess Bhupa Devi relevant gestures. informed me that a mask of Bharata Muni is I performed and showed. Later Achan also kept in the museum. The museum was opened showed how they would portray Hanuman and I was allowed to take pictures of the mask. and we danced together. I requested Acharya I was ashamed to realise that in the place of to send a few senior students to take part origin India, Bharata is not even remembered in my production and they allowed. In the while he is worshipped in South- East Asia. last scene, we all danced together and all this happened after I went to Thailand and Bharata Ilango Foundation for Asian Culture the University. I also presented a dance is a Pan- Asian Research Centre on performing production on Tiruppaavai composed by arts. Lot of research work and workshops are Saint Poetess Andal, based on the Vaishnavite organised here at Pan Indian and Pan- Asian cult and Tiruvempaavai, composed by Saint nature. Poet Manikkavacakar, based on the Saivite cult. Kanchi Mahasawami had organized a
Vadodara Events − Vihangama March-April 23 VADODARA REGIONAL CENTRE A REPORT OF THE EVENTS HELD IN MARCH-APRIL -2022. March Sweta Prajapati from MS Curator explored topics like 1) Stree- Understanding University of Baroda, who ‘Understanding equality Equality and Inclusivity and inclusion through the through eyes of women in shared deep insights on concept of Ardhanarisvara’, roles of leadership where, she took the audience ‘women at the centre of for a visual ride from one era to another, from ancient Indian society; yesterday sculptures to paintings, finally also stepping into and today, Prof. Dr. Ann R the urban space. Dr. Uttara Asha Coorlawala, Date: 8.03.2022 David, Professor of Dance the Adjunct Professor of Barnard College/ Columbia Stree-‘Understanding and Cultural Engagement University raised some pertinent questions in her Equality and Inclusivity in the University of lecture titled ‘Diversity and Equality in teaching Indian Through Eyes of Women Roehampton spoke about Dance History’. SAABRAAS- Celebrating in Roles of Leadership’ the concept of inclusivity one year of Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav and was an interdisciplinary in Arts- health, bodies and commemorating the Dandi March session which had seven well-being at the centre Date: 12.03.2022 IGNCA Vadodara celebrated speakers of repute and all (Not periphery) going the occasion of Dandi March, as part of the ongoing the lectures were inspiring beyond the binaries and Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav celebration. The centre and pertinent. This year’s aligning was this year’s chose to pay tribute to this digital International theme “Break the Bias” and Women’s Day celebration it was well reflected in her by Regional Centre work. A Hungarian research Vadodara, commenced with fellow at MTA-SZTE’ the inaugural address by Convivence’ Religious Dr. Sachchidanand Joshi, Pluralism Research Group- MS IGNCA, followed by a Dr Kinga Povedák spoke welcome speech of Arupa on traditional female roles Lahiry, Regional Director in Hungarian Folklore, of Vadodara Regional where she highlighted Centre. The illustrious the status of midwives in national and international Hungarian culture. The speakers enlightened series continued with the us with their respective Deputy Consul General of research and expertise, Spain in Jerusalem, Paloma while maintaining the Serra Robles, who shared overarching theme. Local her personal experience, participation was marked exploring the topic by the presence of the Dean “Bending patriarchy in in the Faculty of Journalism bureaucracy as experienced and Communication, Dr Niti during her tenure in India”. Desai Chopra and Director Dr. Alka Pande, who is of Oriental Institute, Dr an Art Consultant and
24 Vadodara Events − Vihangama March-April historic moment through a specially curated for this with Dr Kiran Seth. Dr. Seth holistic celebration of art occasion. The performance and culture. explored popular songs is an Indian academician, like “Vaishnava Janatu”, “Ram Bhajan”, “Meera Professor Emeritus in the bhajan” and had several The programme titled heart warming moments. Department of Mechanical Exhibition on various “Saabraas” celebrating one aspects of Dandi March, Engineering at the Indian lectures and performance year completion of Azadi made the event holistic in Institute of Technology, its approach. The event was Ka Amrit Mahotsav and Delhi and the founder- commemorating the Dandi president of SPICMCAY. March, commenced with This meeting was organised a concept note by Arupa to motivate the students Lahiry, Regional Director and encourage them to of Vadodara. The Chief- be part of IGNCA’s future Guest, eminent Author and activities and events. It Padmashri awardee, Prof. was also held to increase Gunvant Shah addressed footfall and raise awareness the audience with a talk about the newly renovated Raja Ravi Varma Studio. on ‘Mahatma Gandhi: an This meeting was attended unusual man’. This was by different personalities followed by a lecture- from varied fields. People presentation on “23 Grams from Defence, Engineering, of Salt: Retracing Gandhi Professors, Dancers, & his March to Dandi” Theatre practitioners, by photographer Anuj School students, Teachers, Ambalal. Our Guest of Educationist, cyclists, Honour, Prof Anjali Karolia art patrons all attended from Maharaja Sayajirao this meeting. The event University Baroda shared was inaugurated by Dr a talk on her research organised in collaboration Kiran Seth, Arupa Lahiry, on hand-woven textiles. with the Faculty of Regional Director IGNCA- She also highlighted Performing Arts, Maharaja Vadodara, Dean -Prof. her new research work, (Dr.) Chivukula N. Murthy, where she is working Sayajirao University, Faculty of Technology and on Banana Fibre. Many Baroda and was supported Engineering-MSU, Prof renowned personalities by the Dean of Faculty of (Dr) Parul Shah and Smt of Baroda including Prof. Performing Arts, Dr. Rajesh Rema Srikant. Discussion Ratan Parimoo, Prof. Kelkar. on how to increase interest Anjali Karolia as well as April: in art along with short films international filmmaker Students’ Meet with Dr on various topics made the Kiran Seth Tushar Unadkat were session very interesting. present as Guest of Honour. Date: 23rd April 2022 The event witnessed a By Arupa Lahiry Regional Director beautiful Mohiniattam On 23rd April, 2022 IGNCA Regional Centre, Vadodara organised a student’s meet performance by Smt. Divya Warrier from Mumbai,
Events @IGNCA − Vihangama March-April 25 RASHTRIYA SANSKRITI MAHOTSAV AT WARANGAL BRINGS SHRI DHARAMPAL CENTENARY CELEBRATION TO FORE RICH TELANGANA CULTURE SEMINAR ON ‘BHARTIYA CITTA, MANAS AUR KAAL’ The 12th Rashtriya Sanskriti Mahotsav, under The Bharat Vidya Prayojana of IGNCA in the aegis of the Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, collaboration with the Society for Integrated was held at Telangana’s Warangal on 29th and Development of Himalayas (SIDH) organized 30th March, 2022. The Indira Gandhi National first Shri Dharampal Centenary Seminar on Centre for the Art (IGNCA), in collaboration the theme ‘Bhartiya Citta, Manas aur Kaal’ with the Kakatiya Heritage Trust, organised from 22nd to 24th of April, 2022 at the ‘Kakatiya Vaibhavam,’ a two-day conclave and IGNCA campus, Janpath. film festival. The conclave was titled ‘Rastriya Pratima Lakshana Sammelana’ wherein ten The workshop was divided into six intensive scholars presented their extensive research in sessionsonDharampal’s BhartiyaCitta,Manas the form of illustrated lecture-demonstrations aur Kaal. The program was conceptualized on iconography. The film festival showcased under the guidance of Shri Ram Bahadur select documentaries produced by IGNCA. Rai, President IGNCA Trust, and in constant supervision of Dr. Sachchidanand Joshi, MS, The session commenced with a traditional IGNCA, Shri Pawan Gupta, Director SIDH prayer in Telugu, followed by an inaugural and Prof. Sudhir Lall, PD (BVP). The intense address by the Chief Guest, Dr. Gopal academic sessions were chaired by Shri Ram Jayaraman, Director, IGNCA-Regional Centre, Bahadur Rai, Dr. Sachchidanand Joshi, Shri Puducherry. Prof. Pandu Ranga Rao, Trustee- Pawan Gupta, Shri Rajeev Vora and Prof. Kakatiya Heritage Trust, presided over the Bharat Gupt, and the lectures were delivered function and gave the keynote address on the by eminent scholars namely, Dr. Rameshwar Ramappa Temple, which was recently inscribed Mishra Pankaj, Dr. Kapil Tiwari, Dr. J.K. Bajaj as a World Heritage Site by the United and Dr. M. Chaitra. Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Situated in Palampet, A total of about 60 participants attended Telangana, the Rudreshwara (Ramappa) the sessions and added value to the lectures Temple was constructed in 1213 AD during the by asking thought provoking questions, and reign of the Kakatiya Empire. The conclave thereby engaging in a fruitful discourse with was interwoven with film screenings that the speakers. drew great engagement from the participating scholars and audience. The lectures covered It is proposed that the Workshop proceedings various aspects of iconography as reflected in texts, sculptures and temples from ‘Bharatiya will be subsequently published along with Drishti and Darshan.’ a reprint of Shri Dharampal Ji’s book titled The Rashtriya Sanskriti Mahotsav aims to highlight the culture of the state where it is ‘Bhartiya Citta, Manas aur Kaal’. being organised. Keeping with this tradition, scholars were taken on field visits to the - Vihangama Desk Thousand Pillars Temple, Bhadrakali Temple, Warangal Fort and Ramappa Temple, which enhanced appreciation of the various facets of the Bharatiya Pratima Lakshan. The concluding day included the performance of the Perini Siva Thandavam, a traditional dance that originated during the time of the Kakatiyas and has been performed traditionally for 800 years. - Aishwarya Mehta, Project Associate
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28 Museum day − Vihangama March-April - Our National Pride - The National Museum The National Museum is fragmented or full manuscripts, leaf, paper, cloth, wood and the most popular place of which about 1000 are metals. Besides the classical for visitors from all illustrated. The non-illustrated Sanskrit or sacred dialects around the world. manuscripts are calligraphic, like Pali, Prakrit and trans- People want to see the which have ornate letters almost border languages like Persian, collection of pre-historic transforming into pictures. Arabic, Chinese, Burmese or archaeology, anthropology, Many of the illustrations and Tibetan; the collection has arms and armours, decorative texts are rendered using real manuscripts rendered in Hindi arts, manuscript, numismatics, gold foil. These manuscripts are and its many dialectic forms painting, jewellery etc under also the source for critical such as Rajasthani, Maithili, one roof. These collections of studies in arts and other related Awadhi, Braj, Bundeli etc,. valuable things are collected subjects. Many of the manuscripts in over a period of time. Covering a period of about the collection are not only rare The National Museum has a thirteen-fourteen hundred but often bear Royal seals and collection of nearly 14,000 years, broadly from the 7th signatures of different Emperors manuscripts in various century to the 20th century authenticating their originality. languages and scripts, covering C.E., the National Museum On August 15, 1949, the a large number of subjects and manuscripts are executed on National Museum, New Delhi, representing various schools a myriad of materials such as was inaugurated in the and provinces. It comprises parchment, birch bark, palm Rashtrapati Bhawan by Shri
Museum day − Vihangama March-April 29 R.C. Rajagopalachari, the then organized in the Rashtrapati initially looked after by the Governor-General of India. Bhawan (President' s Director General of Archaeology Prime Minister of India, on residence), New Delhi in 1949, until 1957, when the Ministry of May 12, 1955. The first phase of which turned out to be a great Education, Government of India, the National Museum building success. declared it a separate institution was formally inaugurated by Dr. This event proved responsible and placed it under its own direct Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, the for the creation of the National control. National museum then Vice President of India, Museum. devoted to Indian art history on December 18, 1960. The The success of this Exhibition led and iconography as well as to second phase of the building was to the idea that advantage should Buddhist studies. The museum completed in 1989. be taken of this magnificent was merged with the Asian The National Museum, New collection to build up the nucleus Antiquities Museum to bring the Delhi, as we see it today, has an collection of the National treasures of India and Central interesting beginning. Museum. State Governments, Asia together. The collections The blueprint for establishing Museum authorities and private include examples of art and the National Museum in Delhi donors, who had participated in archaeology, anthropology, was prepared by the Maurice the exhibition, were approached decorative arts, and epigraphy. Gwyer Committee in May 1946. for the gift or loan of artefacts, The art of painting is well An Exhibition of Indian Art, and most of them responded represented with Indian consisting of selected artefacts generously. miniatures of the Mughal, from various museums of India While the Museum continued to Rājput, Deccani, and Pahari was organized by the Royal grow its collection through gifts schools. The museum has fine old Academy, London with the co- that were sought painstakingly, manuscripts, as well as temple operation of Government of artefacts were collected through hangings, lavishly brocaded saris, India and Britain. its Arts Purchase Committee. weapons set with precious stones, The Exhibition went on display i The Museum presently holds and painted pottery. Antiquities n the galleries of Burlington approximately 2,00,000 objects of from Central Asia recovered by House, London during the winter diverse nature, both Sir Aurel Stein include the only months of 1947-48. It was decided Indian as well as foreign, and its examples of mural paintings to display the same collection holdings cover a time span of from Buddhist shrines outside in Delhi, before the return of more than five thousand years of their native countries. exhibits to their respective Indian cultural heritage. museums. An exhibition was The National Museum was - Vihangama Desk
30 ABaKsAanMt U−tVsaihva−nVgaihmaangama March-April BASANT UTSAV Kala Nidhi division of IGNCA celebrated Austria. The publisher of the book Ms. Aditi important days and events which fell Maheshwari Goyal was also present during in the month of January and February. the occasion. To begin with Kala Nidhi Division of IGNCA celebrated World Hindi Day, on 11 January, On 21 January, 22, Kala Nidhi Division 2022 in collaboration with Ratnav (Rama organised a virtual book launch cum Theatre Natya Vidya) and Austrian Cultural discussion of the book “Manavadhikar and Forum, Austrian Embassy, New Delhi. As Veda” by Dr. Anil Kumar, Assistant Professor, part of the celebrations, a book launch cum GSSPG College Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh. The discussion on the book “Mahanagar Vienna: Kai programme was chaired by Shri Ram Bahadur Partein Andekhi’’ was held. Rai, President, IGNCA Trust. Prof. Ramesh The book was published by Vani Prakashan C.Gaur, Dean & Head Kala Nidhi Division, authored by Mr. Peter Rosei, renowned IGNCA welcomed the guests and moderated Austrian author & essayist. The work was the discussion. Besides, eminent speakers, translated in Hindi by Ms. Rama Pandey, others who spoke on the occasion were Prof. Author, journalist, TV/Film Producer- Arya Bhushan Shukla, Professor, Bhartiya Director and famous theatre personality. Vidya Proyajana, On behalf of the Ministry of Culture, HE (Her Excellency) Ms. Katharina Wieser, Government of India, Indira Gandhi National Ambassador of Austria, New Delhi graced the Centre for the Arts designed, and fabricated a occasion as Chief Guest. Prof. (Dr.) Ramesh C. tableau on the life and works of Sri Aurobindo Gaur, Dean IGNCA chaired the programme. to commemorate his 150th Birth Anniversary Shri Vikas Kumar Jha, Renowned Journalist, during the Republic Day Parade on 26th Author & Critic was the Special Guest for the January 2022. Later, on February 12, 2022, occasion. Mr. Peter Rosei, renowned Austrian Shri Govind Mohan, Secretary Ministry author and & essayist joined online from of Culture, Government of India formally Opening of Reference Library for the public by Prof. Shrinivasa Varakhedi and Dr. Sonal Mansingh in the presence of Shri Ram Bahadur Rai, President IGNCA with Dr. Sachchidanand Joshi MS, IGNCA and Prof. Ramesh C.Gaur Dean Kala Nidhi Division.
Basant Utsav − Vihangama MMaracrhc-hA-pArpilril 31 handed over the Tableau of Sri Aurobindo. Sri and Secretary, Ministry of Culture Shri Aurobindo Ashram Delhi on the occasion of Govind Mohan were felicitated. As per the the 66th Foundation day of the ashram. Indian tradition, the programme commenced with the auspicious Saraswati Vandana Kala Nidhi Division of Indira Gandhi National presented with a Kathak performance by the Centre for the Arts on February 18, 2022, artists of the Sangeet Natak Akademi. organised discussion cum launch of the book Titled ‘Baku’s temple of Eternal Fire- Its Smt. Uma Nanduri, JS - AKAM delivered Connections to Baba Nanak and The Udasi the welcome address and welcomed the Sadhus’, published by Bloomsbury, authored distinguished guests. She shared her views by Prof. K.T.S Sarao, Former Head, and on the importance of the mother tongue Professo r of Buddhist Studies, University and called the mother tongue a repository of Delhi. His Excellency (HE) Dr. Ashraf of culture. Shri Govind Mohan, Secretary, Shikhaliyev, Ambassador of Azerbaijan to Ministry of Culture, delivered the keynote India graced the occasion as the Chief Guest. address. In his address, Shri Govind Mohan The other eminent speakers present during the threw light on the threat to indigenous occasion were Prof. Kuldeep Chand Agnihotri, languages and mother tongue and highlighted Former Vice-Chancellor, Central University the need for promotion, preservation, of of Himachal Pradesh, and Prof. Archana the indigenous languages of India, and also Upadhyay,Chairperson,CentreforRussianand talked about equal access to opportunities Central Asian Studies, School of International of education, and vocational training for the Studies, JNU. This book is about the common indigenous people. heritage shared by India and Azerbaijan; the Baku temple which is considered a great The inaugural address was given by Chief historical pilgrimage is the ancient temple Guest- Shri Prasoon Joshi, Writer, Poet, and where Guru Nanak Dev Ji stayed during Lyricist. In his address, he spoke about the his journey in different parts of the world. problem of transformation of mother tongue in the younger generation which plays an International Mother Language Day was important role in the extinction of mother celebrated on 21 -22 February 2022 by Indira tongue. He further said, that the word is the Gandhi National Centre for the Arts under the capsule of culture aegis of Azadi ka Amrit and heritage and if a Mahotsav, Ministry of word is destroyed, a Culture and UNESCO. culture responsible The theme for this year’s for it. He also pointed International Mother out about the adverse Language Day was “Using impact of globalization Technology for Multilingual on Hindi and other mother tongues and its challenges. He Learning: Challenges and concluded his speech Opportunities”. with the recitation of Chief Guest- Shri A glimpse of Tableau on the Hindi poems. Prasoon Joshi, Writer, life and works of Sri Aurobindo Poet and Lyricist, Chief to commemorate his 150th Birth Gunjan V. Joshi Guest, Guest of Honor Project Assistant -Mr. Eric Falt, Director, Anniversary during the Cultural Archives UNESCO Cluster Office
32 laxzgky; fnol A fogaxe ekpZ&vçSy fu;fr vkSj iq:”kkFkZ dk leUo; gS& iz/kkuea=h laxzgky; jkecgknqj jk; rhuewfrZ ifjlj esa gh iz/kkuea=h laxzgky; D;ksa cuk;k x;k\\ ;g ftKklk Hkh gks ldrh gSA bls iz’u Hkh dg ldrs gSaA ;s nksuksa ,d gh flDds ds nks igyw gSaA bldk lek/kku u`isanz feJ ds dFku esa gSA iz/kkuea=h laxzgky; ds yksdkiZ.k dk volj FkkA os usg: Lekjd laxzgky; vkSj iqLrdky; ds v/;{k gSaA bl :i esa os rhuewfrZ ifjlj ds fof/kor iz/kku gSaA iz/kkuea=h laxzgky; dk fuekZ.k mudh fuxjkuh esa gqvk gSA vo’; gh bldh ifjdYiuk iz/kkuea=h ujsanz eksnh dh gSA ‘kq: ls gh os le;≤ ij izxfr leh{kk vkSj viuh lykg nsrs jgs gSaA laLFkk ds iz/kku gksus ds dkj.k cgqr LokHkkfod gS fd u`isanz feJ yksdkiZ.k ds le; igyk vFkkZr Lokxr Hkk”k.k djrs vkSj fd;k HkhA mUgksaus vius laf{kIr Hkk”k.k esa tks dgk og dbZ n`f”V;ksa ls vR;ar egRowi.kZ gSA mUgksaus dgk fd ^;g laxzgky; Hkfo”; esa ^gkml vkQ Mseksdzslh*] yksdra= dk eB ds :i esa igpkuk tk,xkA* nwljh ckr tks mUgksaus dgh og ml iz’u dk mÙkj gS tks dqN yksx iwN ldrs gSa] ^iz/kkuea=h laxzgky; ds LFky p;u ij Hkh O;kid fopkj foe’kZ gqvk FkkA vxj vU;= LFkku ij laxzgky; dk fuekZ.k gksrk rks ns’k ds izFke iz/kkuea=h th ds iwoZ LFkkfir laxzgky; dks visf{kr lEeku ugha fey ikrkA blfy, ;g mi;qDr ik;k x;k fd iwoZ LFkkfir laxzgky; dks tksM+rs gq, vc bls iz/kkuea=h laxzgky; ds uke ls tkuk tk,A* bl dFku ds vfHkizk; ij cgqr fnuksa rd fopkj gksrk jgsxkA blds vFkZ fudkys tk,axsA mlesa ;g Hkh [kkstus dh dksf’k’k gksxh fd u, cus laxzgky; esa igys iz/kkuea=h iafMr tokgjyky usg: dk LFkku mruk gh egRoiw.kZ gS ;k ugha] ftruk gksuk pkfg,A laHkor% bldk gh [;ky j[kdj u`isanz feJ us iz/kkuea=h laxzgky; dks yksdra= dk eB dgkA tgka eB gS ogka egar jgrs gSaA ,d eBk/kh’k Hkh gksrk gSA laxzgky; nks [kaMksa esa gSA igyk [kaM iqjkuk gS] tks usg: laxzgky; gSA mls u dsoy lqjf{kr j[kk x;k gS] cfYd lqlfTtr Hkh fd;k x;k gSA ml laxzgky; ds lkFk nl tuiFk ds funsZ’k ij tks NsM+NkM+ ,d le; esa dh xbZ Fkh mls iqu% fufeZr dj fn;k x;k gSA nwljs [kaM esa u;k laxzgky; gSA ftlesa gj iz/kkuea=h ds O;fDrRo vkSj muds egRoiw.kZ vk;keksa dks ubZ rduhd dk iz;ksx dj n’kkZ;k x;k gSA bl rjg tks yksdra= dk ;g
laxzgky; fnol A fogaxe ekpZ&vçSy 33 eB gS] mlds eBk/kh’k rks iafMr tokgjyky usg: gq,A gh u, tekus dh vkgV lqukbZ iM+sxhA cnyh gqbZ lksfp,! ;g mudk efgekeaMu gS ;k ugha\\ eSa le>rk gwa vkcksgok ls os nks pkj gksaxsA rhuewfrZ Hkou Lo;a vius fd u`isanz feJ us eB ‘kCn dk iz;ksx mlds ewy Hkko esa ifjorZuksa dk lk{kh cu jgk gSA og tks fczfV’k Hkkjr fd;kA ewyr% Hkkjr esa eB /keZ dh j{kk esa cus FksA iz/kkuea=h laxzgky; esa dekaMj&bu&phQ dk fuokl ftls mUgksaus yksdra= dk u;k eB Fkk] mls 1948 esa vktkn Hkkjr ds crk;k og lafo/kku dh vkRek:ih igys iz/kkuea=h dk vkokl cuus dk /keZ dh j{kk ds fy, cuk gSA og volj feykA og igyk :ikarj.k lalnh; yksdra= gSA ftldh ;k=k FkkA nwljk ?kfVr gqvk tc jk”Vªifr vfojke rHkh pyrh jgsxh tc gj loZiYyh jk/kkd`”.ku us 14 uaocj] 1964 dks bls usg: Lekjd laxzgky; ziz/kkuea=h dks bfrgkl esa mfpr ?kksf”kr fd;kA ftlds dkedkt ds LFkku izkIr gksxkA fy, nks lky ckn ,d lkslk;Vh iz/kkuea=h ujsanz eksnh us 2018 esa bl cukbZ xbZA ij ,d pwd gks xbZA bl laxzgky; dh ‘kq:vkr djkbZ FkhA ifjlj dk ^ySaM ;wt* cnyk ugha bls os ns’k dh yksdrkaf=d x;kA rhu n’kd ckn lektoknh /kjksgj dk Lo:i ekurs gSaA ftls usrk vkSj yksdlHkk lnL; eksgu muds ds gh ‘kCnksa esa le>uk mfpr flag ds ,d iz’u ij vk’oklu gksxk] ^,sls le; esa tc ns’k viuh lfefr us tc tkap dh vkSj fjiksVZ vktknh ds 75 o”kZ dk ioZ] vktknh nh rks lHkh pfdr FksA mlls ,d dk ve`r egksRlo euk jgk gS] rc jL;ksn~?kkVu gqvk Fkk fd rhuewfrZ ;g laxzgky; ,d HkO; izsj.kk cudj ifjlj rks ljdkjh dkxtkrksa esa vk;k gSA* ;gh n`f”V bl laxzgky; vHkh Hkh vkoklh; gh cuk gqvk gSA ds fuekZ.k esa jgh gSA iz/kkuea=h dk rc ihoh ujflUgk jko dh ljdkj ;g dFku Hkfo”; dh cM+h ydhj gS] esa ml pwd dks lq/kkjk x;kA ysfdu ^bl laxzgky; esa ftruk vrhr gS] iz’u rks viuh txg gS gh fd ,slh mruk gh Hkfo”; Hkh gSA* iz/kkuea=h pwd gqbZ D;ksa\\ bldk laca/k ,d tc Hkkjr dh yksdrkaf=d ijaijk dk ekufldrk ls gSA mYys[k dj jgs Fks rc mUgksaus tks ;kn djus dk ;gh lgh le; gS ‘kCn dgs os Hkkjrh;rk ds i;kZ; gSaA fd rhuewfrZ Hkou 1930 esa cuk FkkA ftuesa yksdra= dh fofo/krk tgka mlh O;fDr us cuok;k ftlus dukV gS ogha mldh ,sfrgkfldrk vkSj Iysl dh jpuk djokbZ FkhA rhuewfrZ lH;rk dk fp=.k Hkh gSA u, fopkjksa Hkou esa fczfV’k vkSj Ýsap LFkkiR; dks Lohdkj djus ds fy, ujsanz dk leUo; gSA bldk uke Fkk&¶ySx eksnh tkus tkrs gSaA ;g ml fnu LVkQ gkmlA iz’u gS fd vktknh ds Hkh mifLFkr yksxksa us mUgsa lqudj ckn rhuewfrZ ifjlj dk tks Lo:i vuqHko fd;kA 1964 esa cuk mldh fujarjrk u, laxzgky; esa gS ;k ugha\\ tks yksx Hkh yacs le; ls rhuewfrZ ifjlj esa vkrs&tkrs bldk mÙkj gka esa gSA dguk pkfg, fd u, laxzgky; us jgs gSa os vc u, vuqHko ls xqtjsaxsA mUgsa dne j[krs rhuewfrZ ifjlj dks mUeqDr fd;k gSA mls vaur vkdk’k
34 laxzgky; fnol A fogaxe ekpZ&vçSy ls tksM+k gSA laxzgky; ds yksdkiZ.k ij iwoZ iz/kkueaf=;ksa egRo ugha fn;k x;k gSA Hkkoh ih<+h bldk fu.kZ; djsxh ds os ifjokjh tks gf”kZr gSa] vk,A tks ugha vk,] os fd rhuewfrZ ifjlj dk yksdra= ds ‘kfDr dsanz ds :i esa Lo;a dks iz’uksa ds orqZy esa [kM+s ik,axsA blds Bksl :ikarj.k mldh fu;fr ls lk{kkRdkj djkrk gS ;k ughaA dkj.k gSaA mudh vuqifLFkfr ogka ppkZ esa FkhA ysfdu tSls gh bls tkapus vkSj tkuus dk iz;kl dksbZ djsxk tks mifLFkr Fks os pfdr Hkh FksA bl ckr ij fd ,slh og ik,xk fd ,d ifjokj dh ^tfenkjh* dk mUewyu gks vuks[kh lw> igys fdlh iz/kkuea=h ds efLr”d esa D;ksa x;k gSA ftlls rhuewfrZ ifjlj us Lora=rk dh lkal ugha vkbZ! ;g vyx ckr gS fd ,slh vufxur vuks[kh yh gSA ifjlj esa dne&dne ij bls vuqHko fd;k tk igy ds fy, yksx iz/kkuea=h ujsanz eksnh ds dk;y gksrs ldrk gSA tk jgs gSa rks nwljh rjQ laoS/kkfud ,d mnkgj.k ls bls laLFkkvksa dks /oLr ljy <ax ls le>k djus ds fujk/kkj tk ldrk gSA ftldk vkjksi Hkh yxkus mYys[k iz/kkuea=h dk vfHk;ku pyk;k ujsanz eksnh us vius tk jgk gSA Hkys Hkk”k.k esa ijks{k :i gh] os vkjksi muij ls fd;k] ^,d nks fpid ugha lds viokn NksM+ nsa rks gSaA laLd`fr ea=h gekjs ;gka yksdra= xaxkiqje fd’ku dks yksdrkaf=d rjhds jsM~Mh us ogka iz/ ls etcwr djus dh kkuea=h ujsanz eksnh xkSjo’kkyh ijaijk dh ifjdYiukvksa jgh gSA* mUgksaus blesa ls cus vusd tksM+k fd ^blfy, laxzgky;ksa dk gekjk Hkh ;g nkf;Ro mYys[k Hkh fd;kA gS fd vius iz;klksa D;k rhuewfrZ ifjlj viuh fu;fr ls lk{kkRdkj dh ls ge yksdra= dks eafty ij igqap x;k gS\\ bl iz’u ls bfrgkl ds vkSj T;knk etcwr djrs jgsA* bldh mUgksaus foLrkj dbZ vxj&exj lkeus vkrs gSaA ftl fnu laxzgky; ls O;k[;k dhA ysfdu laxzgky; esa og rF; ek= ,d dk yksdkiZ.k gqvk ml fnu MkW- Hkhejko vacsMdj dk rF; ds :i esa of.kZr fd;k x;k gSA og ;g fd 1975 tUefnu FkkA iz/kkuea=h ujsanz eksnh us mUgsa bu ‘kCnksa esa esa bejtsalh ?kksf”kr dh xbZA bldk mYys[k u gksrk ;kn fd;k] ^ckck lkgc ftl lafo/kku ds eq[; f’kYidkj rks bfrgkl dk migkl gksrkA ysfdu bejtsalh dh jgs] ml lafo/kku us gesa lalnh; iz.kkyh dk vk/kkj fn;kA T;knfr;ksa ds o.kZu ls laxzgky; dks cpk fy;k x;k bl lalnh; iz.kkyh dk eq[; nkf;Ro ns’k ds iz/kkuea=h gSA tks yksx iz/kkuea=h laxzgky; ns[ksaxs os ik,axs fd dk in jgk gSA* iz/kkuea=h laxzgky; dk eeZ bu ‘kCnksa rhuewfrZ ifjlj viuh fu;fr dh eafty ij vc igqapk esa feyrk gS] vxj mls [kkstsaA vktkn Hkkjr ds 75 lky gSA fu;fr us mls u, laxzgky; dk LFkku cuk;k gSA ;g dh ;k=k dk ;g ,slk laxzgky; gS ftlesa lR; dh j{kk laxzgky; fu;fr vkSj iq:”kkFkZ dk leUo; LFky cu x;k dh xbZ gS vkSj yksdrkaf=d x.kjkT; dh ;k=k ds o.kZu esa gSA rhuewfrZ ifjlj dks mldh fu;fr ds bl eafty ij rF; vkSj fooj.k nsrs le; vfiz; izlax dks vuko’;d igqapkus ds fy, tks iq:”kkFkZ pkfg, og iz/kkuea=h ujsanz eksnh esa gh ns’k ns[k jgk gSA
lks’ky ehfM;k ls A fogaxe ekpZ&vçSy 35 csjax nhokjksa ls ratkowj dk uke vkrs gh ratkowj isafVaXl dk >kadrs pedhys uke cjcl gh vk tkrk gS A ftl ?kj esa ,d ‘kkunkj ratkowj isafVax gks ml ?kj dh ‘kku jax dk vankt vkidks vyx ls irk py tkrk gS A gkykafd ;s Hkh lp gS fd bldh dæ mUgha dks gksrh gS tks M‚ lfPpnkuan tks’kh bldh dher vkSj egRo tkurs gSa A ,d ckj psUubZ esa fdlh lekjksg esa ratkowj isafVax HksaV esa feyh Fkh] ftlus gekjs cSBd d{k dh ‘kksHkk c<+k nh A ;s ckr vyx gS fd fQj mlds lkeus gekjs dq’ku doj vkSj insZ Qhds yxus yxs vkSj gesa mUgs cnyus ds fy, vfrfjä [kpZ djuk iM+k A ratkowj esa vki txg&txg isafVaXl ds ,aiksfj;e ns[k ldrs gSaA eu gqvk fd bues ls fdlh ds vanj ?kql dj isafVaXl dk vkuan fy;k tk,A ysfdu gekjs LFkkuh; xkbM ds eu esa dqN vkSj gh FkkA dgus yxk vkidks [kkl txg ys pyrk gwaA tc ge ml rFkkdfFkr [kkl txg #ds rks vPNh [kklh fujk’kk gqbZA ,d csgn iqjkuh] jax mM+h ttZj bekjr ds lkeus ge [kM+s FksA vanj tkus dk xfy;kjk Hkh va/kdkj Hkjk FkkA ,d ckj dks rks yxk fd fdlh xyr txg vk x, gSA rHkh ,d va/ksjh [kksg ls ,d lTtu fudys vkSj mUgksaus gekjk Lokxr fd;k A ^^vkb, A eSa gwa laHkkth jkts Hkkslys A j‚;y Ldwy v‚Q isafVaXl dh ijaijk dks eSa gh vkxs c<+k jgk gwaA^^ mudh os’kHkw”kk vkSj eq[keqæk muds uke ls esy ugha [kk jgh FkhA fQj Hkh eSaus ladkspo’k iwN fy;k ^^vki Hkh D;k ratkowj egkjktk ds [kkunku ls gSaA ^^mUgksaus dgk ^^th eSa muds gh [kkunku ls gwa mudk ppsjk HkkbZA njvly gekjs gh ifjokj ds iwoZtksa us ratkowj isafVaXl dk Ldwy j‚;y Ldwy çkjaHk fd;k FkkA ml le; rks cM+s cM+s yksx vkrs Fks lh[kus vkSj isafVaXl cukusA vc dbZ ,aiksfj;e [kqy x, gSA os lgh rduhd dk bLrseky fd, cxSj vc ‘k‚VZ dV esa lLrh isafVaXl cukus yxs gSaA ysfdu ge yksx vHkh Hkh mlh iqjkuh ijaijk ls isafVaXl cukrs gSaA ^^ mudh ckr lqudj ratkowj isafVaXl ds ckjs esa i<+k bfrgkl ltho gks mBkA fot;uxj lkezkT; ds ratkowj esa iru ds ckn uk;dksa dk ‘kklu vk;kA ;g 16oh ‘krkCnh
36 lks’ky ehfM;k ls A fogaxe ekpZ&vçSy dh ckr jgh gksxh A ml le; ns’k ds vyx&vyx vkSj gka laHkkth Lo;a HkhA lHkh dqN ,slk fd vkidks dksuks ls dykdkjksa us vkdj bl vfr fof’k”V ‘kSyh yxs fd os lkjh phts dky dh xrZ esa lekukarj py dk fodkl fd;k A ydM+h ds Åij dSuokl yxk djA jgh gS A laHkkth us crk;k fd muds ;gka lcls T;knk fQj mlij vk—fr mdsjh tkrh gSa A fQj mls pwus ls çekf.kd isafVaXl gSAgks ldrk gS fd ,slk gj dykdkj vkdkj nsdj ml ij xksan ls tM+kÅ dke fd;k tkrk dgrk gksA gSA fQj pedhys xgjs jaxksa ls mls ltk;k tkrk gSaA ysfdu ml va/ksjs ls tc mUgksaus viuk vewY; [ktkuk vkSj var esa ml ij lksus dk i=k e<+k tkrk gSA mn~?kkfVr fd;k rks ge lc dh vka[ks QVh dh QVh bl çdkj dh isafVaXl esa çk;% nsoh nsorkvksa dh gh jg xbZA dyk ds ykfyR; vkSj mnkÙkrk dk vn~Hkqr çfrek,a cukbZ tkrh gSaA LFky iqjk.k ;k in~e iqjk.k n’kZu FkkA y{eh th gks] x.ks’k th gks] dqcsj dks] ;k ds çlax jps tkrs gSaA ckn ds dky esa bl ij lwQh fo”.kq th gks ,d ,d vk—fr esa ekuks nso Lo;a mrj lar vkSj vU; /keksaZ ds vkjk/;ksa dh Hkh çfrek,a vk, gksaA mdsjh tkus yxhA ,d ^^vkidks dkSu lh ilan isafVax dks iwjk djus esa gSA vkidks dkSu ls nwaA vkdkj ds vk/kkj ij nl ^^laHkkth us iwNk rks raæk ls iaæg fnu rd yx Hkax gqbZA eu rks gqvk tkrs gSaA bldh lkexzh dgwa ^^lkjh dh lkjh ns cgqr egaxh gksrh gS rks nhft,A ^^ysfdu fQj tkfgj gS isafVax Hkh egaxh /;ku vk;k bruh lkjh gh gksxhA ratkowj isafVax yxkus ds vki fdlh Hkh ijaijkoknh fy, fQj jktegy tSlk nf{k.kh ifjokj esa tk, ?kj Hkh rks pkfg,A rks vU; phtksa ds lkFk ^^,d rks vkidks ysuh gh os vkidks cM+s xoZ pkfg,A oSls eSa vkidks ls ratkowj isafVax Hkh ,d vyx ls cacbZ Ldwy fn[kk,axs tks muds ?kj isafVaXl esa ls ,d rks HksV esa 150 ;k 200 lky ls j[kh gSA mlds lkFk os ;s Hkh djus okyk gwaA vki bu crkus ls ugha pwdsaxs fd bu lkyks esa ,d ;s tSlh dh ratkowj LVkby esa ls ,d ilan djsaA ^^vkdkj] jax] rSlh gh gSA nsork vkSj isafVax dh dher bu pkjks dks tksMdj ,d uk;dksa ds ckn ejkBksa dk jkT; vk;k A lQksZth jkts isafVax dks r; fd;kA laHkkth ds psgjs ij vk’p;Z Fkk Hkkslys f}rh; vn~Hkqr dyk çseh ‘kkld Fks vkSj mUgksaus ^^vjs ;s rks cgqr NksVh gSA ^^dSls crkrk fd esjh tsc ratkowj esa fofHkUu dykvks dk fodkl vkSj lao/kZu ds fy, ogh Hkkjh FkhA isafVax ds vkdkj ds vuqikr esa fd;k A vkt ratkowj isafVax ds fodkl vkSj lao/kZu dk laHkkth dk vkfrF; de ugha gqvk A Js; ljQksth jkts ds ‘kklu dks fn;k tk ldrk gSA os mrus gh mRlkg ls viuk iwjk odZ’k‚i fn[kkrs jgs mudk ‘kklu dky 1775 ds vklikl dk FkkA vkSj le>krs jgsA ge lHkh muds lkFk ljQksth jkts ftl Hkou esa ge ?kqls Fks ,slk yxk fd ljQksth jkts ds dky esa igqap x, Fks vkSj vius vki dks j‚;y dk dky ogh Fkek FkkA ,d ls ,d uk;c vkSj iqjkuh Ldwy dk fo|kFkhZ ekuus yxs FksA ml Hkou ds ckgj pht ogka FkhA ?kM+h] fi;kuks] ryokjs] iqjkuh ewfrZ;ka le; 2022 lu esa Fkk ysfdu Hkou ds vanj le; 1775 bZloh esa gh Fkek Fkk vkSj ogha Fkes jguk pkgrk FkkA
laxzgky; A fogaxe ekpZ&vçSy 37 e/;çns’k dks Hkkjr dk fny dgk tkrk dyk le; gS vkSj Hkksiky dks e/;çns’k dk fny vkSj thou ds dgk tkrk gSA bl ‘kgj esa igkfM+;ksa] lsrq&laxzgky; gjs&Hkjs isM+ksa vkSj NksVh&cM+h >hyksa dk 'kf'kçHkk frokjh lkSan;Z vius&vki esa eksgd gSA ,d rjQ vk/kqfudrk rks nwljh rjQ lkaL—frd fofo/krk dks latks, gq, gSA bl ‘kgj esa Hkkjr Hkou] e/;çns’k ukVî fo|ky;] jkT; laxzgky;] bafnjk xka/kh ekuo laxzgky; tSlh lakL—frd laLFkk,a n’kdksa ls ns’k&fons’k ds yksxksa dks vkdf”kZr djrh jgh gSA ij gky esa ‘;keyk fgYl ij fufeZr e/;çns’k tutkrh; laxzgky; dk vkd”kZ.k cjcl gh /;ku vk—”V djrk gSA ;g laxzgky; tutkrh; thou] ns’kt Kku ijaijk vkSj lkSan;Zcks/k ij dsafær gSA bl laxzgky; ds LFkkiuk ds lanHkZ esa foØekfnR; ‘kks/k laLFkku ds funs’kd Jhjke frokjh dgrs gSa fd ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd ueZnk unh ds fdukjs ekuo thou dk lcls igys fodkl gqvkA blds fdukjs yxHkx pkyhl tutkfr;ka vfLrRo esa vk,] ftuesa xksaM] cSxk] Hkhy] dksjdq] Hkkfj;k] lgfj;k vkfn ‘kkfey gSaA ij eq>s yxrk gS fd lrr~ çokg esa çokfgr vkfnoklh thou gSA njvly] gekjs ‘kgjh thou ls lwi ;k flycêk ;k feêh ds cŸkZu /khjs&/khjs dSls ckgj gks x,] bldk geyksxksa dks irk gh ugha pykA ysfdu] ;s phtsa Le`fr;ksa esa ugha cfYd vkfnoklh thou esa vkt Hkh ‘kkfey gSaA mUgha ds l`tu dh ifj.kfr e/;çns’k tutkrh; laxzgky; ds :i esa gqbZA blds tfj, gesa mEehn gS fd viuh ;qok ih<+h vkSj fo’o dks viuh le`) /kjksgj ls ifjfpr djokus ds lkFk mUgsa tksM+ Hkh ik,axsaA vkfne tkfr dY;k.k foHkkx dh bl ifj;kstuk dks laL—fr lapkyuky; dh ns[kjs[k esa tutkrh; leqnk; ds vkfnoklh dykdkjksa us lkdkj fd;k gSA bl laxzgky; dk dyk la;kstu gjpanu flga Hkêh us dh gSA ij ;fn ;g dgk tk, fd bl laxzgky; dh cht ifjdYiuk fp=dkj txnh’k LokehukFku us dh Fkh rks vfr’k;ksfä ugha gksxhA D;ksafd ftu fnuksa og Hkkjr Hkou ds :iadj foHkkx ds funs’kd Fks] mUgksaus e/;çns’k ds vkfnoklh bykdksa esa ?kwe&?kwedj vkfnoklh dyk dh [kwclwjrh dks fugkjk Fkk vkSj blds vux<+ dykdkjksa dks [kkstk FkkA ‘kk;n] mUgha dh [kkst Fkh fd vkt Hkwjh ckbZ] I;kjsyky xksaM] iafMr jke] nqxkZckbZ O;ke] uanyw catkjk tSls vkfnoklh dykdkjksa us viuh dFkkvksa] yksdxhr] ijaijk] jhfr&fjokt dks fp=ksa] ewfrZ;ksa] f’kYiksa vkSj vU; :iksa esa lkdkj fd;k gSA laxzgky; çkax.k esa vkus ij ;wa yxrk gh ugha gS fd vki fdlh vtk;c?kj esa vk, gSaA ,slk yxrk gS fd vki vkfnoklh laL—fr ds mn~xe LFky dh ifjØek djus ds fy, tk jgs gSa] D;ksafd ços’k }kj ij fp=dkj nqxkZckbZ O;ke }kjk xksaM feFkd ij vk/kkfjr ueZnk unh ds tUe dh dgkuh lgt gh /;ku vk—”V dj ysrh gSA iwjc ls if’pe dh vksj cgus okyh ,d ek= dqaokjh unh ueZnk dh bl dgkuh dks nqxkZckbZ us viuh dwph ls xksaM fp=dkjh ds ek/;e ls mdsjkA bu fp=ksa dks fo’ks”k çHkko ds tfj, eysf’k;k ls eaxkbZ xbZ fo’ks”k ydfM+;ksa ds iêh ij ltk;k x;k gSA ços’k }kj ds iwjh nhokj ij ;g fp=koyh ueZnk ds mn~xe] mlds ikSjkf.kd]
38 laxzgky; A fogaxe ekpZ&vçSy vkfne egRo lcdh dFkk vafdr gSA ds lkFk i;kZoj.k larqyu dk lans’k Hkh lekt dks feyrk gSA laxzgky; ds ços’k }kj ds Hkhrj vgkrs esa vkrs gh ,slk ekywe lkr ,dM+ ds {ks=Qy esa QSys laxzgky; esa ,d vkWfMVksfj;e vkSj gksrk gS fd ge fdlh xkao esa vk x, gSA ;gka ,d rjQ nks vksiu ,;j fFk;Vj cuk, x, gSaA bl laxzgky; dks gjpanu Åaps&Åaps rkM+] [ktwj] dsys vkSj oV o`{k dk vkHkkl nsrs o`{k flag Hkêh ds la;ktu esa v’kksd feJ] ‘kaik ‘kkg] çeksn xk;dokM+] gSA ogha nwljh vksj iu?kV vkSj feêh o xkscj ls yhih nhokjsa fuf/k pksiM+k] ‘kSysaæ dqekj] in~ekdj larkis] vfu:) lkoar gSaA lwryh ls [kkV dh cqukbZ ls lts o`{k gSA okLro esa] os vkfn dykdkjksa us viuh&viuh ifjdYiuk ls gtkjksa vkfnoklh dsoy yksgs ds Ýse FksA bUgsa bruk lqanj vkdkj nsuk okdbZ dykdkjksa ds enn ls ltk;k&laokjk gSA lsjsfed dh dykdkj uokpkj ds lkFk ubZ –f”V dh vksj Hkh b’kkjk djrk gSA ‘kaik ‘kkg dgrh gSa fd geus vkfnoklh lekt ds lkFk tqMdj laxzgky; esa eq[;rkSj ij ikap nh?kkZ,a gSaA igyh nh?kkZ esa tkuk fd foKku vkSj vk/kqfud lksp ds brj Hkh thou vkSj fopkj e/;çns’k ds HkkSxksfyd fLFkfr ds lkFk blds lkaL—frd ifj– /kkjk,a çpfyr gSaA ftuls gesa ftanxh dks ns[kus dk ,d ls vf/kd ’; ij iM+kslh jkT;ksa ds çHkko dks n’kkZ;k x;k gSA nwljh utfj;k feyrk gSA okLro esa] e/;çns’k dk uofufeZr tutkrh; nh?kkZ esa thou ‘kSyh dks okLrqf’kYi ds tfj, n’kkZ;k x;k laxzgky; fo’o laxzgky;ksa esa ls ,d ekuk tk,xk] blesa dgha gSA bl va’k esa feêh&xkscj ls cus xksaM dh dksBh] cSxk dksbZ la’k; ugha gSA tutkfr dh ydM+h ds ckM+ njvly] le; dh /kkjk esa cgrs ls ;qä ?kj] neksg𝔫k gq, thou ds çokg esa dgha u dgha ds xksaM leqnk; ds iRFkj cgqr dqN NwV tkrk gSA ysfdu] ls cus ?kjksa dk vkHkkl nsrh balku viuh ifjorZu’khy feFkdh; vuq—fr] >kcqvk ds Hkhyksa psruk dks gj dky esa latks, j[kuk ds ?kj ns[kus dks feyrs pkgrk gSA gj vkfnoklh vuq”Bku gSaA blesa vkokl] f’kYixr] mu vkfndkfyd feFkdh; ?kVukvksa O;ogkjxr] ?kjsyw oLrqvksa dk vuqdj.k ;k vfHku; u gksdj dks Hkh n’kkZ;k x;k gSA bl mudk iquxZBu gSA laxzgky; nh?kkZ esa vkus ij ,slk yxrk iqjkus :ikdkjksa dks u, :ikdkj gS fd ge fdlh laxzgky; esa latksdj gekjs Le`fr;ksa esa ntZ esa ugha] oju~ fdlh cLrh gks tkrk gSA dyk esa vfHkO;fä esa ,d ?kj ls nwljs ?kj esa dh Lora=rk dh ckr djrs&djrs ?kwe jgs gSaA vpkud vkfnoklh dykcks/k dh lfn;ksa ls Hkkjrh; laL—fr ckr rd vkrs&vkrs vkerkSj ij esa laxhr&u`R; dk egRo lhek lqjf{kr dj ysrs gSaA gkykafd] jgk gSA ;gak dk laxhr ftanxh vkSj ftanxh ds laLdkjksa ls vc rd cgqr gn rd nqjkxzg VwVs tqM+k gqvk gSA bls laxzgky; dh rhljh nh?kkZ dks dykcks/k gSaA ysfdu] fQj Hkh fdlh Hkh laxzgky; dk voyksdu foospu uke fn;k x;k gSA bl ohfFkdk esa xksaM] cSxk vkSj vU; dks ck/; djrk gS fd vkfnoklh rFkk yksdlektksa dh dyk tutkfr;ksa ds fookg laLdkj esa ç;ksx gksus okys exjksgu dks vkSj Kku ds {ks= esa mifLFkfr dbZ xq.kk c<+h gSA vkt mudh çnf’kZr fd;k x;k gSA ydM+h ds v[kaM VqdM+s ls cukbZ xbZ dyk vkSj thou dks u, fljs ls ewY;kadu fd;k tk jgk gSA exjksgu esa iqj[kksa vkSj nsoh&nsorkvksa dk okl ekuk tkrk gSA rkfd] ns’k vkSj lekt ml varpsZruk dks lexzrk esa le> fookg ds le; nwYgk&nqYgu exjksgu ds Qsjs ysrs gSaA bl ldsA ij vusd vkfne ekaxfyd xks= fpUgksa tSls&eNyh] dNqvk] paæ&lw;Z] lakdy oxSjg dks mdsjk x;k gSA vkfnoklh ;k Hkkjrh; yksd psruk dh lcls cM+h fo’ks”krk gS blds vykok] xksaM tutkfr dh mRifŸk dFkk dks ckflu dU;k dh dFkk] cSxk o Hkhyksa dh mRifŸk dh dFkk ds lkFk Hkhyksa ds fd og ç—fr ds tM+ vkSj psru rRoksa esa dksbZ xgjk Hksn ugha ok|&;a= ds mRiUu gksus dh dFkk dks cakl] feêh] VsjkdksVk] ydM+h vkfn ls ftl rjg ls n’kkZ;k x;k gSA mls ns[kuk ,d djrk gSA blfy, og igkM+] unh&ukys] isM+ vkSj nwc lcdh vn~Hkqr yksd esa fopj.k djus tSlk gSA Hkhyksa dh feFkd dFkk esa egknso] mudh cgu dyq vkSj o`{k dh dgkuh gSA blesa iwtk djrk gSA D;kasfd thou blh ç—fr ls vIykfor gSA ;g l`f”V ds jpf;rk egknso i`Foh dks jkSud çnku djus ds fy, isM+ ds rus] Mkfy;ksa ]iŸkksa ls fofo/k ;a=ksa dk fuekZ.k djrs laxzgky; ,d rjg ls vkt ds lekt vkSj yksxksa dks lans’k gSaA ysfdu] bl çfØ;k esa og isM+ dks dkVus ls igys btktr ekaxrs gSaA blls o`{kksa ds çfr isze vkSj tutkfr;ksa laj{k.k ns jgk gS fd i;kZoj.k vkSj ifjos’k dks jpuk gksxk] ftlesa taxy dk mlds /kwi&Nkag&mtkys] mlds chgM+iu] mldh / ofu;ksa dk ,d l?ku vglkl thou ds fy, t:jh gSA lkFk gh] vkfnoklh feFkdh; psruk vkSj dykcks/k ds lkj rRo rd igqapus dk ,d ekxZ ;g laxzgky; ç’kLr djrk gSA okLro esa] ;g laxzgky; le; ds lkFk] dyk ds lkFk] thou ds lkFk cks/k vkSj laca/k dk lsrq gSA
[kkl esgeku A fogaxe ekpZ&vçSy 39 QLys cgkj clar _rq ftls laL—r esa ^dqLekdj* jek ik.Ms; dgk x;k gS] _rqvksa dk jktk gSA çhr vkilh lnHkko dk vycsyk jax clarA bl _rq dks lSdM+ksa o”kksaZ ls iwjs ns’k tks Bhd clar iapeh ds fnu euk;k tkrk gSA esa cM+h vdhnr ls euk;k tkrk gSA Caklr eqlyekuksa esa lc ls igys pk¡njkr dk igkM+ksa ;kuh jax&:i vkSj jl dk R;ksgkj] clar ij vYykg fe;k¡ dh clar p<+kbZ tkrh gSA ;kuh ç—fr laxhr lkfgR; vkSj ljLorh dk fQj igyh rkjh[k dks dnesa&jlwy dh ¼;kfu R;ksgkjA clar gS] l`f”V ds jfp;rk ije&firk uch djhe esa½ vkSj fQj vU; cqtqxksaZ ds etkjksa ijes’oj dks balkuh tt~ckrksa dk utjkukA ij clar p<+rh gSA fgUnw eafnjksa esa vkSj ?kjksa >wers&ukprs] xkrs&ctkrs gq, mUgsa eafnj esa esa clar iapeh ds fnu ys tkdj nsorkvksa dks vfiZr fd;k tkrk gSA Hkxoku Jh—”.k ds ije çse Lo:i dk ikou vkt gh ds fnu fL=;k¡ lksyg J`xkaj dj Lej.k djds jaxksa ds R;ksgkj dh ‘kq:vkr dh fudy tkrh gSa] ouksa] miouksa esa] feyus l`f”V tkrh gSA vkt gh ds fnu gksfydk ngu ,oa lsA xwat mBrs gSa xhr] >we mBrs gS ehr mex jax iapeh dh rS;kfj;ka ‘kq: gks tkrh gSaA gj mBrh gS çhr] cudj [kq’kh vkSj mYyklA vksj dslj dk ihyk jax] gYnh dk ihyk jax] bl egkns’k esa lwQhsa larksa dh ,d yEch vkSj ljlksa dk ihyk jax fc[kj tkrk gSA yksx ihys l’kä ijEijk lfn;ksa ls pyh vk jgh gSA jax esa jaxdj vius ixM+h vkSj pqufj;ka vius ;g lwQh&lar] /keZ dh vkRek dks HkfyHkkafr vax dk jax dk fgLlk cuk ysrs gSa vkSj —”.k le>rs FksA ;s yksx etgcksa dks rksM+us dh lax jkl [ksyus yx tkrs gSa ftls clar jkl ctk; mUgsa djhc ykus vkSj tksM+us dk dke dgk tkrk gSA djrs FksA blhfy, mUgsa /keZ irkdkvksa ls dgha vf/kd çHkkfor fd;k ihyh&ihyh ljlksa Qwyh ihyh mM+s irax] Fkk clar us] mlds Qwyksa dh eqLdku us] ihyh&ihyh mM+s puqfj;k ihyh ixM+h ds lax] mldh [kq’kcw vkSj jaxr usA bu lwQh larksa us vkbZ >we ds clarA balkuksa dks vkilh HksnHkko feVkdj ,d nwljs ds djhc vkus] ,d cuus vkSj usd cuus dh ldy cu Qwy jgh ljlksa [ksrksa esa rkyhe nh vkSj mUgsa ,d gh jax esa jax fn;kA ljlksa Qwyus ds lkFk gh ekuks gks tkrk gSa calr ds jax esaA QLys&cgkj dh vken dk ,yku vkSj ycjst gtjr futkeqíhu vksfy;k vkSj fgUnh mnwZ gks tkrs gSa fnyks&fnekx csiukg tks’k vkSj nksuksa gh Hkk”kkvksa ds vkfn dfo] vkSj vycsys cycys ls ubZ meaxksa vkSj rjaxksa lsA fnYyh ‘kk;j gtjr vehj [kqljks us [kqn clar ds gtjkr futkeqíhu ftUgsa Þlqyrku thß eukdj QLys cgkj dks [kq’kvkenhn dgk ds uke ls Hkh ;kn fd;k tkrk gSA blh vkSj ;gha ls fgUnq&eqfLye lfEefyr laL— ijEijk ds I;keh vkSj fgUnw&eqfLye ,drk ds fr dh ,d vkSj ‘kkunkj [kq’kxokj ijEijk tcjnLr gkeh FksA vius fç; eqjhn ds vehj us tUe fy;k ftls clar ds esys dk uke [kqljks tks vius vki esa Lo;a nsoh ljLorh ds fn;k x;k vkSj j¶rk&j¶rk blh lkaL—frd ojn iq= Fksa cLrh x;klqíhu cLrh futkeqíhu ioZ us Hkkjrh; eqLkyekuksa dh fp’rh njxkgksa dgykrh gSA calr ds esys dk ,d vVwV vax ij ,d etgch jLe dk :i ys fy;kA çse cu xbZA vkt gh ds fnu etkj ‘kjhQ ij eqjhn vkSj ds ,d çlax dh ;kn <ksyd ij
40 [kkl esgeku A fogaxe ekpZ&vçSy Fkki iM+rh gSA rkfy;ka ctkbZ tkrh gSaA dOokfy;ka xkbZ tkrh gSA jkx clarA jkx cgkjA jkx ijtA QLys&cgkj dk ;g flyflyk gtjr vehj [kqljks }kjk fy[kh x;h FkhA ftudk ,d] ,d ‘kCn] ek?k eghus ls cSlk[k eghus rd pyrk gSA ekSlesa cgkj ds ;g ,d Loj pkgr vkSj pkgus okys vkSj pkgs tkus okyk FkkA ,d pkj ekl] jaxkjax Qwyksa vkSj [kq’kcqvksa dks vius lkFk ysdj vkrs rkj ls tksM+rs FksA gSA gekjs pkj egRoiw.kZ R;kSgkj] tks lk{kh gS ge fgUnqLrkfu;ksa ds vkilh esytksy] tTckrh rvYyqdkr vkSj :gkuh fj’rksa ;kfu Qwy f[kys cfx;u esa vkens Qlys cgkj------------ vk/;kfRed laca/kksa vkSj HkkokRed ,drk dsA djrk gS ckxs ngj esa uSjafx;ka clar QLys&cgkj dk nwljk R;ksgkj gS egkf’ko jkf=A ekSlesa cgkj esa vk;k gS yk[k jax ls vc ckxck¡ tc v{k; o`{k dh Mkfy;ka lj&lct dksaiyksa ls Hkj tkrh gSaA rHkh csy o`{k dh xksn Hkh ‘kadj th ds fç; csy&Qyksa ls Hkj gekjs ns’k esa çkphu le; ls gh clar ds egRo dks le>dj mls tkrh gS vkSj vius fnyksa esa çse vkSj vkLFkk latks, py iM+rh lkaL—frd ioZ ds :i esa ekU;rk çnku dh xbZ FkhA ljlksa ds gS J`)kyqvks dh Vksfy;ka f’ko n’kZu ds fy;sA f’ko tks egku gSaA clarh Qwyksa ds [kwclwjr xgusA bl egkns’k esa lwfQ;ksa vkSj larksa tks ç—fr gSa tks lqUnj gS vkSj lR; gSA dh ,d yEch vkSj l’kä ijEijk lfn;ksa oknh&,&d’ehj] tUur uthj esa egk ls pyh vk jgh gSA ;g lwQh&lar /keZ iafMr fcjtw egkjkt dks dFkd f’kojkf= ds glhu vkSj fnyd’k jax dh varjkRek dks HkfyHkkafr le>rs vkSj u`R; vius firk iafMr vPNu dk ,d csfelky eatj is’k djrk gSA mlesa xgjh vkLFkk j[krs FksA egkjkt vkSj iafMr yPNw egkjkt Jhuxj dk ;g v”B igyw f’ko eafnj blhfy;s mUgksaus /keZ ds uke ij balkuksa o iafMr ’kaHkw egkjkt ls fojklr tks Hkkjrh; Hkou fuekZ.k dyk dk ,d dks foHkkftr djus vkSj rksM+us dh ctk; esa feyhA oSls iafMr fcjtw vuwBk uewuk gSA o”kksaZ igys vius fny vkilh Hksn&Hkko feVkdj mUgsa ,d nwljs esa vdhnr vkSj ,gfrjke ds tt~ckr ds djhc ykus vkSj tksM+us dk dke egkjkt us y[kuÅ fLFkr iq’rSuh fy;s ‘kag’kkg tgkaxhj [kqn ikao&fi;knk fd;kA D;ksafd mUgsa /keZ irdkvksa ls dgh ?kj ^dkydk fcanknhu dh M;ks<+h^ ;kfu uaxs iSj pyrs gq, ;gka J)k lqeu vf/kd çHkkfor fd;k Fkk clar us mlds esa igyh ckj lkoZtfud :Ik ls vfiZr djus vk, Fks- tc fge&f’k[kjksa Qwyksa dh eqLdku us mudh vkSj jaxr us jfldksa ds lkeus u`R; fd;k FkkA ij nwj&nwj rd fNVdh gqbZ nwf/k;k cQZ mnwZ vkSj fgUnh ds vkfn dfo rFkk Qkjlh fi?kyuh ‘kq: gksrh gS vkSj xqykch tkM+k ds vycsys ‘kk;j vehj [kqljks vkSj muds gYdh xehZ esa rCnhy gksus yxrk gSA vk/;kfRed xq: gtjr futkeqíhu us [kqn gjs&gjs iÙkksa ds chp yky ihys Qwy clar eukdj Qlys cgkj dk [kSj edne fd;k FkkA vkSj ;gha f[ky mBrs gSaA rc ekywe iM+ tkrk gS vk x;k gS jaxksa dk jktk ls tUeh Fkh fgUnq&eqfLye lefUor&laL—fr dh og ‘kkunkj Qkxqu ekgA [ksrksa&[kfygkuksa esa vkaxu pkSxkuksa esa gksyh ds xhr [kq’kxokj vkSj csfelky ijEijk tks clar esys ds uke ls vkt xw¡t mBrs gSa vkSj <ksyd dh Fkki ct mBrh gSA rc vkrk gS Hkh tkjh gS vkSj Hkkjrh; eqlyekuksa dh ,d etgch jLe dk ntkZ clUr _rq dk lcls jaxhyk R;ksgkj&gksyhA j[krh gSA gksyh fgUnqvksa dk /kkfeZd R;ksgkj gS ysfdu bls fl[k] eqlyeku] ckS) rFkk tSu /keksaZ ds ekuus okys Hkh mlh tks’k&[kjks’k ds lkFk mjsa dqaokjh clar ys vkvksA eukrs gSaA eqfLye lwfQ;ksa us gksyh ^jax vkSj /keky* tSls ‘kCnksa vyh eqrZtk ?kj /kwe epkvksa dks [kqnk dh ekQZr ds yqRQ ls rkchj fd;k gSa pkan vkSj lwjt ds lgjs cukdj glus gqlSu nksÅ dks igukvksaA esjs [oktk ds ?kj vkt gksyh gS egkjktk th ds ?kj vkt gksyh gSA QLys&cgkj dk igyk R;kSgkj gS clar iapehA ;g yxHkx iwjs ns’k esa euk;k tkrk gSA ljlksa ds clarh Qwyksa ds [kwclwjr xM+os cuk, gtjr [oktk lax [ksys /keky tSls yksdfç; xhr vkSj dOokfy;ka tkrs gSaA [kq’kh vkSj mYykl ls ukprs&>wers] xkrs&ctkrs Hkäx.k fp’rh lwfQ;ksa dh [kkudkgksa vkSj njxkgksa esa lfn;ksa ls çpfyr mUgsa eafnjksa esa ys tkdj nsoh nsorkvksa dks vfiZr djrs gSaA [ksrksa gSaA bu xhrksa esa —”.k dkO; dh cqfu;knh :g Li”V utj vkrh gSA esa ljlksa Qwyus ds lkFk gh gok,a egd mBrh gSa ç—fr dk :i gtjr [oktk lax [ksys /keky tSls xhr esa gksyh ds lkFk tqM+k ,d jgL; e;h eqLdku ls f[ky mBrk gSA xwatrk gS pkjksa fn’kk esa gqvk ‘kCn /keky dyanjks&Qdhjksa dh vk/;kfRed dSfQ;kr vkSj
[kkl esgeku A fogaxe ekpZ&vçSy 41 Oklar iapeh dh dFkk vglklkr dh rtqZekuh djrk gSA ;g [kqnh ls cs[kqnh ds vkye esa ys tkrk gSA ^/keky* xk;dh dk Hkh ,d vax gSA ozrkdZ esa fo”.kq/keksZRrj iqjk.k ds vuqlkj olar iapeh dh dFkk dqN bl rjg of.kZr vkt jax gS gs eka jax gS jh] gS&jktk vEcjh’k us iwNk&gs czkã.k] esjs [oktk ds ?kj vkt jax gS jhA olarksRlo fdl fof/k ls fd;k tkrk gS\\ gs fof/kKksa esa Js”B eqfujkt! eq>s lc o.kZu fl[kksa }kjk euk;k tkus okyk gksyk eqgYyk Hkh blh Øe ij ,d dhft,A of’k”Bth us dgk&olar dk vkjaHk vge R;kSgkj gS tks nj&vly gksyh gh dk ,d :i gSA dgk ek?k ’kqDy iapeh ds fnu gksrk gSA ml tkrk gS fd fl[kksa ds xq: Jh xksfoan flag th us dgk fgUnw&- fnu lc ikiksa dk uk’kd ;g mRlo djuk fl[k ,drk dh Hkkouk dks etcwrh vnk djus dh xjt ls viuh pkfg,A izkr%dky ds le; ifo= gksdj ÞykMyh QkStÞ ds ugaxks dks gksyk eqgYyk eukus dh vkKk nh vPNs izdkj ls HkfDr;qDr gksrs gq,] Hkxoku Fkh rHkh ls bl vuwBs R;kSgkj dh ‘kq:vkr gqbZA gksyk eqgYyk cM+s d`”.k ds fnO; eafnj esa vPNh rjg ’kksHkk tks’k vkSj vdhnr ds lkFk euk;k tkrk gSA bl ekSds ij fugax dh tkrh gSA fl[k vius ijEijkxr vL=ksa&’kL=ksa vkSj ?kqM+lokjh ds djrcksa js’keh oL=] eqDrkQy] i=&iq”i rFkk Qyksa ds lkFk gksyh ds jax [ksyrs gSaA Qkxqu ekl ds <yrs&<yrs vkSj ds }kjk ,o fo’ks”kr% uohu iYyoksa dh cSlk[k ekg vk tkrk gS [ksrksa esa ygygkus yxrs gSa cSlk[k ekl canuokjksa }kjk eaMi dh ‘kaksHkk djrs j‘keh ds vkxeu ds lkFk gh fgeky; dh rjkbZ ds {ks=ksa es a/kku dh oL= ls vkPNkfnr cM+s flagklu ij xksfoan Qly dh cqvkbZ ‘kq: gks tkrh gSA m/kj iatkc ds [ksrksa esa xsgwa Hkxoku dks fojkteku djsaA fQj] xksfoan ds dh ckfy;ka tokuh ls lj’kkj gksdj bartkj djrh gSa QLys cgkj vkxs xhr] u`R;] ok|] flrkj] e`nax] oh.kk] ds pkSFks R;kSgkj dk ftldk uke gS cSlk[khA oa’kh ds /ofu djus pkfg,A osn ds fo} iwjs iatkc ds iSj esa ?kq?k: ca/k tkrs gSaA fdlku flQZ fdlku gS ku czkEg.k dks O;kl :Ik ls cSBkdj mlls oks fl[k gS u eqLyeku gSA bl rjg xqyksa esa jax vkSj fnyksa esa olarksRlo dh dFkk lquuk pkfg,A blds meax Hkjrh xqtj tkrh gS Qlys cgkj ;kuh clar dh _rq tkrh ckn] nf{k.kk] xa/k vkSj iq”iksa ls O;kl dk gS gesa thus dk ,d u;k gkSlyk nsdjA vxyh ckj fQj vkus ds iwtu djuk pkfg,A tcfd] czEgoorZ iqjk.k fy;s] ubZ cgkjsa vkSj [kqf’k;ka ykus ds fy,A ;g fl[kkus ds fy;s esa fy[kk gS fd Jhd`”.k us nsoh ljLorh ij fd cgkj dk vkuk vkSj Qwyksa dk f[kyuk fdlh Hkk”kk] izlUu gksdj mUgsa ojnku fn;k FkkA mleas /keZ ;k tkfr fo’ks”k ds ,dkf/kdkj dh pht ugha ljLorh nsoh ds iwtu dk Hkh fo/kku gSA vkSj u gh o balku vkSj balku ds chp njkj ljLorh ds iwtu ds fy, HkfDriwoZd dy’k iSnk djus okyh dksbZ oLrq gSA cgkj rks LFkkiu djsaA igys x.ks’k] lw;Z] fo”.kq] lcdks [kqf’k;ka fcrkus dk iSxke nsrh gSA ‘kadj vkfn dh iwtk djds ^ljLorh^ dk fdlh ‘kk;j us [kwc dgk gS iwtu djsaA ljLorh ds iwtu ds Ik’pkr gh xqyky mM+kus dh izFkk gSA mRrj izns’k ds tc rd fn[kk, ngj eas iwohZ ftyksa esa bl fnu ls yksx Qkx vkSj ;g vkLeka clar gksyh xkrs gSaA feydj euk,a enqZes&fgUnksLrka clarAA
42 fjd‚MZ A fogaxe ekpZ&vçSy ,d lkFk Qgjk, x, 78]220 frjaxs txnh’kiqj ds rRdkyhu jktk ohj dqaoj flag vaxzstksa ds f[kykQ fot; çkIr fd;k Fkk A mUgsa 1857 ds Lora=rk laxzke ds uk;dksa esa ls ,d ekuk tkrk gSA ;g dk;ZØe Hkkjr dh Lora=rk dh 75oha o”kZxkaB vktknh dk ve`r egksRlo ds varxZr x`g ea=ky; vkSj laL—fr ea=ky; us vk;ksftr fd;k FkkA dsaæh; x`g ea=h vfer ‘kkg us vius lacks/ku esa dgk fd ç/ kkuea=h Jh ujsUæ eksnh th us dYiuk dh gS fd 2047 esa iwjh nqfu;k esa gj {ks= esa Hkkjr ‘kh”kZ ij gksuk pkfg, A ohj dqaoj flag th tSls lHkh ohj lsukfu;ksa dks ;gh gekjh lPph J) katfy gks ldrh gSA ckcw dqaoj flag th cgqr cM+s lekt lq/ kkjd Hkh FksA mUgksaus fiNM+s vkSj nfyrksa dk dY;k.k djus dk ,d fopkj ml tekus esa ns’k ds lkeus j[kkA bfrgkl us ckcw dqaoj flag ds lkFk vU;k; fd;k] mudh ohjrk] ;ksX;rk] cfynku ds vuq:i mUgsa bfrgkl esa LFkku ugha fn;k x;k] ysfdu vkt fcgkj dh turk us ckcw th dks J)katfy nsdj ohj dqaoj flag dk uke ,d ckj fQj bfrgkl esa vej djus dk dke fd;k gSA ckcw ohj dqaoj flag 1857 ds Hkkjrh; Lora=rk laxzke ds ,d çeq[k usrk ds :i esa mHkjs] ftUgksaus yxHkx 80 o”kZ dh mez esa Hkh fons’kh gqdwer dk MV dj eqdkcyk fd;kA os txnh’kiqj ds ijekj jktiwrksa ds mTtf;uh oa’k ds ifjokj ls lacaf/kr Fks] tks orZeku esa Hkkstiqj ftys] fcgkj] Hkkjr dk ,d fgLlk gSA 80 lky dh mez esa] mUgksaus fczfV’k bZLV bafM;k daiuh dh deku ds rgr lSfudksa ds f[kykQ l’kL= lSfudksa ds ,d p;fur cSaM dk usr`Ro fd;kA og fcgkj esa vaxzstksa ds f[kykQ yM+kbZ ds eq[; uk;d FksA mUgsa ohj dqaoj flag ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA dsaæh; x`g ea=h Jh vfer 'kkg dh ekStwnxh dsaæh; x`g ea=h Jh vfer ‘kkg dh mifLFkfr esa bl ,sfrgkfld esa Hkkjr us 78]220 frjaxs ygjkdj cuk;k dk;ZØe ds nkSjku dsaæh; ea=h Jh vkjds flag] Jh vf’ouh pkScs vkSj Jh fuR;kuan jk; ekStwn jgsA buds vykok mi fxuht cqd v‚Q oyZ~M fjd‚MZ A eq[;ea=h rkjfd’kksj çlkn vkSj js.kq nsoh dh Hkh mifLFkfr jghA lHkh us gtkjksa dh rknkn esa tqVs vke turk ds lkFk feydj ,d lkFk ikap feuV rd frjaxk ygjk;k vkSj jk”Vªh; xhr oans ekrjEk dk xk;u fd;kA
VªSosy&V‚d A fogaxe ekpZ&vçSy 43 ;k;kojh esa thou Ckgqeq[kh dykdkj ’ks[kj lsu dh xfr gS dk tUe jk;iqj esa gqvkA in~eJh lEeku ls lEekfur rd dh efgyk dof;f=;ksa dh jpukvksa dks xk;kA ij ;k;kojh dk gh ifj.kke gS fd eSaus xhr] xty] Bqejh] nknjk ls ds ’ks[kj lsu laxhr ukVd vdkneh ds vykok] eksuks ,DV Iys is’k djuk ’kq: iwoZ v/;{k jg pqds gSaA mUgsa laxhr dh fd;kA eq>s ;kn vkrk gS fd lu~1997 f’k{kk fojklr esa vius ekrk&firk ls esa eSa viuh eka vkSj firkth dks ysdj feyhA mUgksaus vius fo}Rrk vkSj vesfjdk x;k FkkA ogka eSaus ns[kk fd lar foy{k.krk ls Hkkjrh; lkfgR;&laLd`fr vfHkusrk ’ks[kj lsu rqylhnkl ds jkepfjrekul dk phuh] dks ,d u;k vk;ke iznku fd;k gSA fganh Xkk;d] laxhrdkj] ukVddkj iqrZxkyh vkSj dbZ vU; Hkk”kkvksa esa vuqokn lkfgR; ds rqylhnkl] dchj nkl] lwjnkl ns[kkA rc eSaus lkspk fd D;k fganqLrku esa vkfn ds O;fDrRo vkSj d`frRo dks u, vkyksd esa izLrqr fd;k rqylhnkl dks vkt ds le; yksx bruk ilan djrs gksaxsa\\ gSA og Lokeh foosdkuan ds thou pfj= ij D;ksa u eSa laxhr vkSj vfHku; ds tfj, muds lans’k dks vk/kkfjr ^foosdkuan^ dh lSdM+ksa eap izLrqfr;ka is’k dh gSaA tu&tu rd igqapkÅaA vkSj eSaus rqylhnkl ij ukVd dh VªSosy&V‚d esa mudh ;k=kvksa ds vuqHko dks ge ikBdksa ls ifjdYiuk dh fQj] mls fy[kk vkSj is’k djuk ’kq: fd;kA lk>k dj jgs gSaA mUgha ds dye ds tfj,& bl rjg ls esjs dfj;j esa ,d u;k eksM+ vk;k] tks ’kk;n ;k;kojh ds tfj, gh laHko gks ik;kA nqfu;k ?kwedj gh nqfu;k dks le>k tk lu~ 1997 esa eSa viuh eka eq>s ;k=k djuk vPNk yxrk gSA ;k=k ldrk gSA cpiu esa ge dYiuk djrs Fks vkSj firkth dks ysdj vesfjdk esa u, yksxksa ls feyuk] u, n’kZu ls fd vfQzdk ds ?kus taxy ;k ;wjksi ds x;k FkkA ogka eSaus ns[kk fd lar ifjfpr gksuk] u, laLdkjksa dks tkuus cQhZys igkM+ ;k fo’kky leanj ;k tkiku rqylhnkl ds jkepfjrekul dk dk ekSdk feyrk gSA bruk gh ugha] dh okfn;ka dSls gksaxsa\\ og nkSj gh dqN phuh] iqrZxkyh vkSj dbZ vU; ;k=k rks jkspd gksrk gh gS] LFkkuksa dh vkSj FkkA rc fdrkcsa i<+ dj ;k if=dkvksa ;k=k ds lkFk Hkkstu dh ;k=k,a gksrh dks i<+dj ge vanktk yxkrs FksA ij le; Hkk”kkvksa esa vuqokn ns[kkA gSA ,d dslj ds bLrseky ds ckjs esa ds lkFk cgqr dqN cnykA esjh rks dfj;j gh lksprk gwaA rks rqdhZ] Lisu] Hkkjr] dh ’kq:vkr gh izokl ls gqbZA D;ksafd eSa bjku lc txg vyx&vyx rjhds ls fdLer vktekus vkSj E;wftd dEikstj cuus dk LoIu ysdj iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gsSA blh rjg vU; elkyksa dk iz;ksx dh jk;iqj ls eqEcbZ vk x;k FkkA fQj] dk;Zdze ds flyflys esa jkspdrk dk irk pyrk gSA dHkh&dHkh dqN Hkkstu [kq’kh ds ,d ’kgj ls nwljs ’kgj vkuk&tkuk ’kq: gqvkA ctk; rdyhQ Hkh nsrs gSaA ysfdu] pkoy] HkqV~Vk] nw/k] ngh] eSaus nq”;ar dqekj ds xty] e/;;qxhu dkO;] ehjk ls egknsoh Qy vxj vki [kkus ls ijgst ugha j[krs rks fo’o esa fdlh
44 VªSosy&V‚d A fogaxe ekpZ&vçSy dksus esa tk ldrs gSa vkSj [kkus&ihus dh ijs’kkuh ls cp ldrs ugha iSnk djrh gSA okLro esa] izoklh gksus ds dbZ Qk;ns gSaA gSaA eSa rks ;g lksprk gwa fd dksbZ ;wjksih; Hkkjr esa ukWu&ost izokl ds nkSjku ds vuqHko ls vki bruk dqN lh[k ldrs gSa] QwM~l [kkrk gksxk] rc D;k og ;g ugha lksprk gksxk fd blesa tks ’kk;n gtkjksa fdrkc i<+dj ugha tku ldrsA thou esa brus elkys ;k xzsoh dh D;k t:jr FkhA blfy,] eSa dgha Hkh dHkh&dHkh nq?kZVuk,a Hkh lq[kn Le`fr cu tkrh gSA njvly] fdlh rjg dk ijs’kkuh eglwl ugha djrkA vxj] vki lh[kus ;k=k dk laca/k thou ls gSA ;s ;k;kojh thou dks xfr ns ds fy, rS;kj gSa] xzg.k djus dks rS;kj gSa rks vkidks gj nsrh gSA txg] gj drjk] gj ouLifr] gj Qwy] gj iŸkk dqN&u&dqN Ekq>s ,sfrgkfld LFkyksa vkSj /kjksgjksa dks ns[kuk vkSj muds lans’k ;k lh[k ns tkrk gSA njvly] ;k;kojh izo`fŸk vkokjxh ckjs esa tkuus dh mRlqdrk jgrh gSA dqN o”kZ iwoZ esjk gesa eu esa ykrh gS] vkSj ;g vkokjxh dqN&dqN eu esa Hkh vk dksydkrk tkuk gqvkA ml nkSjku ge ’kkafrfudsru] lqanjou tkrh gSA ij ;g ldkjkRed lksp dh rjg gksrh gSA vkSj vkl&ikl ?kwe dj vk,A fQj] y[kuÅ dk ,d fVªi djhc 25 lky igys dh ckr gSA rc eksckby Qksu dh lqfo/ cukA ftlesa eSa] esjh iRuh vkSj csVk rhuksa lkFk FksA ml nkSjku kk rks Fkh ughaA eSa ;wjksi esa dalVZ ds fy, x;k gqvk FkkA eSa geus y[kuÅ ds lHkh ,sfrgkfld bekjrksa vkSj esjs lkFk ,d rcyk oknd FksA ;k=k ds nkSjku ge nksuksa dks ns[kk vkSj mldh ,sfrgkfldrk dks teZuh ds ,d LVs’ku ls csfYt;e tkus ds fy, Vsªu esa cSBs tkuus dh dksf’k’k dhA FksA ikliksVZ esjs ikl Fkk vkSj fVdV vkSj iSlk esjs ml lkFkh Ekq>s yxrk gS] ;g iwjk thou ds ikl FkkA Vsªu dksyksu LVs’ku ij :dh rks og flxjsV dh ,d lQj dh rjg gSA ge vius d’k ysus ds fy, mrj x;kA brus esa Vªsu py nh vkSj og ogha lktks&lkeku] fj’rksa] ukSdjh&pkdjh NwV x;kA b/kj eSaus VhVh ls fjDosLV fd;k] mlus eq>s teZuh fuHkkrs gq, vius lQj ij pyrs ds vafre LVs’ku ij mrkj fn;k] ;g dgdj fd fcuk ohlk jgrs gSaA tSls lQj esa ds vki csfYt;e esa izos’k ugha dj ldrsA vc esjs ikl dksbZ gesa dHkh lq[kn] dHkh pkjk ugha FkkA eSa lkeku ysdj LVs’ku ij mrj x;kA fQj] nq[kn vuqHkwfr LVs’ku ekLVj dks viuh lkjh dgkuh crkbZA mlus dksyksu gksrh gS] oSls gh LVs’ku ds LVs’ku ekLVj dks Qksu yxk;kA la;ksx ls esjk og ftanxh esa ,sls lkFkh ogha LVs’ku ekLVj ds ikl cSBk FkkA LVs’ku ekLVj us vuqHkoksa ls crk;k fd vxyh Vsªu esa budks cSBk,axsa] vki ogha LVs’ku ij xqtjuk iM+rk bartkj dfj,A og djhc nks ?kaVs esa igaqp tk,axsaA eSa LVs’ku gSA bl lQj ij cSBdj 6&7 fMxzh ds rkieku esa Ba<+ ls fBBqj jgk FkkA esa vki ftruk rHkh ,d vLlh lky dh ,d cqtqxZ efgyk vkdj esjs cxy de lkeku vkids esa cSB xbZA lkFk gksrk gS ;kuh eSaus vaxsth esa muls dqN&dqN iwNk ij mUgksaus esjs lkjs HkkSfrdrk ls nwj jgrs lokyksa dk tokc csfYt;e dh Hkk”kk esa fn;kA FkksM+h nsj ckn gSa] mruk gh vkidk eq>s yxk fd eSa muls vaxzsth ds ctk; fganh esa ckr djus ftanxh dk lQj yxkA eSa fganh esa cksyrk vkSj og viuh Hkk”kk esaA bl rjg vklku gksrk gS] muds ckrksa ls eq>s irk pyk fd muds ifr ugha gSaA mudh ojuk ijs’kku gksrs rhu yM+fd;ka gSaA mudh ufruh dh csVh gqbZ gSA mldh jgrs gSaA ns[kHkky ds fy, og ;gk¡ vkbZa FkhaA vc og okil vius ?kj ykSV jgha gSaA ml fnu eq>s yxk fd Hkk”kk dgha Hkh :dkoV
dyk lk{kkRdkj A fogaxe ekpZ&vçSy 45 afMr fcjtw egkjkt ewy uke c`teksgu feJ Fkk] ij dyk txr esa og iafMr fcjtw egkjkt ds i dFkd gh esjhuke ls e‘kgwj gq,A muds ckjs esa dyk leh{kd ‘kkark ljcthr flag dgrh Fkha fd iafMr fcjtw egkjkt ftanxh gS ijaijk vkSj jpukRedrk ds laqnj lq;ksx gSaA tcfd] ys[kd lquhy dksBkjh ekurs Fks fd iafMr fcjtw egkjkt dFkd ds izfr iw.kZ lefiZr dykdkj] ekxZn’kZd vkSj xq: gSaA iafMr fcjtw egkjkt ds firk txUUkkFk feJ] ftUgsa vPNu egkjkt ds uke ls tkuk tkrk FkkA og jk;x<+ njckj ds jktuŸkZd FksA iafMr fcjtw egkjkt ds tsgu esa vius cpiu dh ;knsa rkth FkhaA og crkrs fd eSa djhc lkr&vkB lky dk FkkA eq>s uokc lkgc us vius njckj esa X;kjg :Ik, ds osru ij j[kk FkkA ml le; eSa vius firkth ds lkFk njckj esa Mkal djus tkrk FkkA firkth rks ‘kk;n pkSchl lky rd ogka crkSj dykdkj jg pqds FksA firkth ds pys tkus ds ckn vEek esjs Hkfo”; dks ysdj fpafrr FkhaA ml nkSjku djhc pkj&ikap lky rd eSa ,d Vªwi ds lkFk ?kwe&?kwe dj dk;ZØe djrk jgkA mUgha fnuksa dfiyk nhnh y[kuÅ vkbZa vkSj og eq>s fnYyh esa laxhr Hkkjrh esa dFkd fl[kkus ds fy, ysdj vkbZaA bl rjg pkSng lky dh mez ls eSa [kqn lh[kus ds iafMr fcjtw egkjkt lkFk&lkFk fl[kkus yxkA y[kuÅ ?kjkus dh dFkd ds dkydk&fcanknhu ?kjkus ds izfrfuf/k iafMr fcjtw egkjkt dk lQj y[kuÅ ls ‘kq: gqvkA og vius ekrk&firk ds lcls NksVh larku FksA muls cM+ha mudh rhu cgusa FkhaA tc ckyd fcjtw flQZ vkB lky ds Fks muds flj ls firk dk lk;k mB x;kA J)katfy gkykafd] cgqr NqVius ls gh og vius firk ds lkFk dk;ZØeksa f‘kjdr djus yxs FksA fQj Hkh] rkyhe ls vius dks le`) djus ds fy, mUgksaus vius nksuksa pkpkth iafMr yPNw egkjkt vkSj iafMr ‘kaHkw egkjkt dk lkfu/; izkIr fd;kA la?k”kZ ds ml nkSj esa muds firk ds f’k”; ^uVjkt^ ’kadj nso >k us mudk [kwc ekxZn’kZu fd;kA dFkd lezkV iafMr fcjtw egkjkt vius iafMr fcjtw egkjkt dh f’k”;k dfiyk okRL;k;u us Hkh mUgsa vkxs c<+us thou dky esa dFkd ds Ik;kZ; cu pqds esa lg;ksx fn;kA bu lcds brj fd’kksj fcjtw dks viuh I;kjh vEek dh FksA ^dFkd^ ‘kCn tqcku ij vkrs gh vkt Lusge;h Nk;k esa laxhr dh ckjhfd;ka lh[kus dks feykA mUgksaus viuh ds le; esa tks rLohj lkeus vkrh gS] og vEek ls ^tkus ns eSdk^] ^lquks ltuok^] ^esjh lquks ukFk^] ^NksM+ks&NksM+ks iafMr fcjtw egkjkt dh gSA mudk tUe fcgkjh^] ^tkxs gks dgha jSu^] ^>wyr jk/ks uoy fd’kksj^] ^dSls [ksywa eSa fi;k clar iapeh ds jkst ;kfu 4 Qjojh 1938 ?kj C;kgh^ tSlh vius iwoZtksa dh cafn’kksa dks lh[kk vkSj bUgsa u`R; esa dks gqvk FkkA muds tUe fnu ds volj ij fijks;kA cgqeq[kh izfrHkk ds /kuh iafMr fcjtw egkjkt ,d egku dFkd jkt/kkuh fnYyh esa cjlksa&cjl olarksRlo uŸkZd vkSj dksfj;ksxzkQj FksA cfYd] og mrus gh egku xk;d] dkO; u`R; lekjksg dk vk;kstu gksrk FkkA ysfdu] jpukdkj] rcyk oknd vkSj uky oknd Hkh FksA fiNys nks lkyksa ls dksfoM ds dkj.k ;g iafMr fcjtw egkjkt dk ekurs Fks fd mudk tUe flQZ vkSj flQZ u`R; vk;kstu ugha gks ik jgk FkkA vkSj bl ds fy, gqvkA og Hkxoku ds izfr vkHkkj O;Dr djrs gq,] dgrs fd mlus o”kZ 17 tuojh dks mUgksaus bl nqfu;k dks eq>s bruh vPNh ;knk’r vkSj cqf) nhA eSaus tks Hkh laxhr lquk vkSj u`R; vyfonk dg fn;kA fiNys o”kZ y‚dMkmu ds ns[kk og eq>s vkt Hkh ;kn gSA ,d ckj eka us firkth ls dgk fd fcjtw nkSjku muls ckrphr gqbZ FkhA dyk dh bl dks vki Hkko D;ksa ugha fl[kkrs gSa\\ rks mUgksaus galrs gq,] tokc fn;k egrh dykdkj dh Le`fr;ksa dks ;g vkys[k fd brus NksVs cPps dks Hkko D;k crkÅaA tc ;g cM+k gksxk] nqfu;knkjh dks tkusxk&le>sxk rks Hkko [kqn&c&[kqn lh[k tk,xkA ;g vuqHko dh J)katfy Lo#i lefiZr gSA
46 dyk lk{kkRdkj A fogaxe ekpZ&vçSy pht gS] fl[kkus ls ugha le> vk,xhA ds lkeus u`R; fd;k FkkA >Åyky ds iqy ds bykds esa cuh mUgksaus lu~ 1998 esa vius u`R; fo|ky; ^dykJe^ dh M;ks<+h esa ml fnu iafMr ’kaHkw egkjkt ds csVs d`”.keksgu LFkkiuk fd;kA ml le; og pkgrs Fks fd dFkd uŸkZdksa ds tUeksRlo ds ekSds ij og lekjksg vk;ksftr FkkA ml dh nhikoyh lkjs ns’k esa txexk mBs] gj txg dFkd ds M;ks<+h ds vkaxu esa dFkd dk yack bfrgkl jpk&clk FkkA nhi f>yfeykrs jgasA iafMr fcjtw egkjkt ds u`R; dh ;g ogka fnu&jkr xk;u] oknu vkSj lSdM+ksa ?kqa?k:vksa dh vkokt txexkgV muds pkpkth yPNw egkjkt th dh rjg flusek xwatk djrh FkhA txr rd igqap pqdh FkhA iafMr yPNw egkjkt us ^ujlh nsj jkr rd egfQy pyrh jgrh FkhA eSa muhanh gkyr esa gh esgrk^] ^Hkjr feyki^] ^jke jkt^] ^,d gh jkLrk^] ^egy^ ukp djrk FkkA rc ikap :Ik, dh c[k’kh”k ij fny [kq’k gks fQYeksa esa u`R; funsZ’ku fd;kA mUgsa fQYe ^eqxy&,&vkte^ tkrk FkkA pqafd] esjs igys xq: firkth Fks] ij mUgksaus eq>s esa ^eksgs iu?kV is uan yky NsM+ x;ks js^ xhr ij vfHkus=h e/ ikap lkS ,d :Ik, utjkuk fy;k FkkA firkth eq>s cgqr I;kj kqckyk }kjk Hkko çn’kZu dks ml le; ds Js”B u`R; esa fxuk djrs FksA mudh deh vkt Hkh eq>s [kyrh gSA D;ksafd tc x;kA mlh fojklr dks iafMr fcjtw egkjkt us vkxs c<+k;kA eSa nl lky dk Fkk] rHkh os gesa NksM+dj lalkj dks vyfonk mUgksaus lu~ 1977 esa lR;thr js dh ^’krjat ds f[kykM+h* dg fn;k FkkA esa igyh ckj dksfj;ksxzkQh fd;kA ml fQYe esa fcanknhu og viuh vEek dks th&tku ls I;kj djrs FksA iafMr fcjtw egkjkt dh Bqejh ^dkUgk eSa rksls gkjh^ ij dFkd u`R; dh egkjkt dh ckrphr esa mudh eka dk ftdz t:j vkrk FkkA jpuk dh FkhA mUgksaus ^fny rks ikxy gS^] ^xnj&,d izse og muds ckjs esa dgrs Fks fd eq>s cpiu ds fnuksa dk vEek dgkuh^ ds xhr ^vku feyks ltuk^] nsonkl ds ^dkgs NsM+s eksgs^] fo’o:ie vkSj ^Ms<+ bf’d;k* esa dFkd ds jax dk oks I;kj ;kn vkrk gSA mu fnuksa ge y[kuÅ esa jgrs dks is’k fd;kA dey gklu ds fQYe ^fo’o:ie* FksA tc nwljs ‘kgj esa ijQkWjesal ds fy, tkrk] rc esa dksfj;ksxzkQh ds fy, iafMr fcjtw egkjkt dks oks [kwc jks;k djrha FkhaA eSa Hkh muls fyiVdj jk”Vªh; fQYe iqjLdkj ls uoktk x;kA jksrk] eu esa ,slk yxrk fd irk ugha fdruh nwj iafMr fcjtw egkjkt dks 28 o”kZ dh mez esa laxhr ukVd tk jgs gSa] nksckjk eqykdkr gksxh ;k ughaA vEek vdkneh lEeku feykA mUgsa in~efoHkw“k.k] gekjh Hkxoku ds vkxs gkFk tksM+s [kM+h gksdj lc dkyhnkl lEeku] yrkeaxs’kdj iqjLdkj] dh [kSfj;r dh nqvk djrhA u`R; pwM+kef.k] vka/kzjRu] u`R; foykl] nqfu;k cnyrh jgrh gSA QS‘ku cnyrk jktho xka/kh ’kkafr iqjLdkj vkfn ls jgrk gSA tks iqjkuk gks tkrk gSA nksckjk lEekfur fd;k tk pqdk gSA mUgsa tc dkQh fnuksa ckn ykSVrk gS] rks og cukjl fganw fo’ofo|ky; vkSj [kSjkx<+ u;k QS‘ku dgykus yxrk gSA vjs] fo’ofo|ky; dh vksj ls ekun vxj cxhps esa bEiksVsZM ikS/ks mxk,axs] MkWDVjsV dh mikf/k iznku dh xbZ gSA clar dh cgkj dk irk dSls pysxk iafMr fcjtw egkjkt ds vuqlkj \\ mldk irk rks vke ds isM+ ij dFkd dh ’kq:vkr vken ls gksrh gS eatj ds QwVus] Vslw ds Qwy ds vkSj dFkd vken gSA og dgrs f[kyus vkSj egq, ds Qyus&Qwyus gSa fd dykdkj dh ftanxh ls gh pysxkA clar dk leka rks oks la?k”kZ vkSj vuojr iz;kl utkjk gh cka/ksxkA gekjh laLd`fr gSA esjh vEek dk vk’khokZn esa izse ,d vkoj.k esa fNik ,glkl vkSj la?k”kZ gh us esjs gelQj jgsA ftanxh lQj gS vkSj ge gksrk FkkA ykt] ‘keZ] g;k esa Mwch vuar ;k=k ds gelQj gSaA u`R; ,d ,slh fo/kk gS] ftlesa xk;u] oknu vkSj urZu rhuksa ‘kkyhurk dk viuk fetkt gqvk djrk FkkA bldh izsj.kk dk laxe gksrk gSA blesa vkuan dh tks vuqHkwfr gS] og gesa ^yktoarh^ ds dgha vkSj ugha fey ldrh gSA bl vuqHkwfr dks tc dFkd ikS/ks ls ysuh pkfg,A ftldk vkt Hkh ogh LoHkko gS] mls lezkV iafMr fcjtw egkjkt tSls dykdkj thoar djrs gSa] vaxqyh ls Nqb, fd og ldqpkdj fleV tkrh gSA ,d rc vkuan dh ijkdk”Bk gksrh gSA iafMr fcjtw egkjkt dks NksVk&lk ikS/kk viuh laLdkj dks ugha Hkwyrk vkSj ge Hkwy dFkd u`R; vius firk iafMr vPNu egkjkt vkSj iafMr tkrs gSaA okdbZ] yPNw egkjkt o iafMr ’kaHkw egkjkt ls fojklr esa feyhA oSls izse dk Lianu rks ykt vkSj insZ esa gS] u fd izn‘kZu esaA iafMr fcjtw egkjkt us y[kuÅ fLFkr iq’rSuh ?kj ^dkydk eksgCcr rks ,d&nwljs nq[k&nnZ ckaVus ls iyrk&c<+rk gSA fcanknhu dh M;ks<+h^ esa igyh ckj lkoZtfud :Ik ls jfldksa rHkh rks dgk x;k gS fd izse u ckM+h mits] izse u gkV fcdk;A & fogaxe MsLd
VªSosy&V‚d A fogaxe ekpZ&vçSy 47 lkaLd`frd xkSjoiw.kZ çkphu lukru laL—fr dh iquZLFkkiuk ds psruk dk fy, lkaL—frd èkjksgjksa ds çekf.kdrk ij tksj lk{;&f}:ik fn;kA mUgksaus dgk fd blds fy, cM+s Lrj ij ‘kksèk ljLorh vko’;d gSA D;ksafd vkt dh ih<+h mls ekuus fy, igys çek.k ekaxrh gSA gekjh f’k{kk O;oLFkk vkLFkk dks c<+kok ugha nsrhA vHkh rd gesa ;gha crk;k tkrk jgk gS fd gekjs ikl tks dqN gS oks nqfu;k us fn;k] geus lc dqN fons’k ls fy;kA gekjk viuk dqN ugha gSA geus dsoy nqfu;k dh ukSdjh dh gSA ;g ç;kl fo’o dks Hkh ubZ fn’kk nsxkA ;g dguk gS] jk”Vªh; Lo;alsod la?k ds ljla?kpkyd MkW- eksgu Hkkxor dkA MkW eksgu Hkkxor tuin laink izHkkx }kjk izdkf’kr ^f}:ik ljLorh* ds yksdkiZ.k lekjksg esa cksy jgs FksA bl volj ij MkW- eksgu Hkkxor lfgr MkW- eqjyh euksgj tks’kh vkSj vU; fpardksa us Hkkjrh; laL—fr ,oa lH;rk dh xkSjo ljLorh unh ds çfr —rKrk O;ä dhA ;g iqLrd] tuin laink izHkkx ds rgr pykbZ tk jgh unh laL—fr ifj;kstuk dk fgLlk gSA bfUnjk xkaèkh jk”Vªh; dyk dsUæ ds fy, 1 ekpZ 2022 dh ‘kke dqN [kkl FkhA bl ’kke dsUnz dks Hkkjrh; fpard MkW- eksgu Hkkxor dk lkfuè; çkIr gqvkA ljla?kpkyd MkW eksgu Hkkxor us dgk fd Hkkjr dks fQj ls fo’o xq: cukuk gSA fo’o esa viuh gSfl;r cukuh gS rks lukru çkphurk dks fQj ls LFkkfir djuk iM+sxkA blds fy, lHkh dks iz;kl djuk gksxkA D;ksafd bldh xkSjoiw.kZ çkphu èkjksgjksa vkSj ekU;rk dks ysdj èkwrksZa }kjk >wB QSyk;k x;k gSA mUgksaus viuh Hkk”kk ds tfj, lkjh ckrsa LFkkfir dh] ftlls ge muds }kjk cukbZ xbZ xqyke ekufldrk ds f’kdkj gks x,A vius bfrgkl dks gh Hkwy x,A ml foLe`fr dks gVkus ds fy, çek.k vko’;d gSA vkSj ;g iqLrd mlh çek.k dh fn’kk esa ,d vge dne gSA tSls jke vkSj jkek;.k ds lkFk jke lsrq dks ekStwnk ih<+h ekuus yxh gSA oSls gh og ljLorh unh dks Hkh ekusxhA ftl ij ,d cM+s oxZ dh J)k gSA ge ljLorh dks nsoh :i esa vkSj unh :i esa ekurs gSaA
48 VªSosy&V‚d A fogaxe ekpZ&vçSy bl volj ij iwoZ ;k=k ds Lof.kZe dsaæh; ea=h MkW- eqjyh euksgj tks’kh us dgk nkSj esa vkxs c<+ fd bfrgkldkjksa us rksM+& ejksM+ dj dbZ jgk FkkA Hkzked rF; çLrqr fd, fd ;s vk;Z ckgj MkW ukjk;.k nRr ls vk,] ysfdu dgka ls vk, gSaA ;s mUgsa ’kekZ ljLorh ugha irkA oktis;h ljdkj ds le; esa unh ds lanHkZ bfrgkl dh rF;kRed xyfr;ka dks nwj djus dh ekax rst gqbZA laln rd esa esa fy[krs gSa fd foe’kZ rst gqvkA mldk ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd blds çek.k vkus yxs fd geus gh cgqr dqN fo’o dks fn;k _f”k us dkeuk gS] muls fy;k dqN ugha gSA bl volj ij dsUnz ds v/;{k Jh jkecgknqj jk; dh gS fd xaxk us dgk fd f}:ik ljLorh iqLrd zljLorh unh ds bfrgkl dks çekf.kr djrs nLrkostksa dk ladyu gSA vkfn ufn;ksa esa bls dsaæ ds VªLVh Mk- egs’k ‘kekZ o lnL; lfpo Mk- lfPpnkuan tks’kh us laikfnr fd;k gSA tks tyksa dh xkSjryc gS fd iqLrd ^f}:ik ljLorh^ esa lksyg v/;k; gSaA ;s ’kks/kijd vkys[k vaxszth vkSj fganh esa ekrk :Ik lkroha fy[ks x, gSaA buesa bfrgkldkjksa vkSj fo}kuksa ljLorh unh ds mn~xe] mn~Hko] lkaLd`frd fodkl] HkkSfrd unh ljLorh gS] os lkrksa ufn;ka dkeukvksa dk nksgu fodkl] lkekftd egRo dks vusd lk{;ksa vkSj izek.kksa ds tfj, izekf.kr fd;k gSA djus esa leFkZ gSa rFkk lqanj /kkjkvksa ls ;qDr gksdj buesa MkW egs’k ’kekZ] izks ch ch yky] MkW ds ,u nhf{kr] MkW /keZohj nRr ’kekZ] olar f’kans] ds ,l oS|] , ds cgrh gSaA blds vykok] iqLrd esa rLohjksa] fp=ksa] xqIrk] MkW ukjk;.k nRr ’kekZ] vkpk;Z e`xsanz fouksn vkfn ds vkys[k ’kkfey gSaA ekufp=ksa] lSVykbV ds ek/;e ls izkIr fp=ksa dks bl fdrkc ds laiknd MkW egs’k ’kekZ fy[krs gSa fd fiNys dqN o”kksZa esa vusd fo}kuksa us ’kks/k i=ksa ds ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA ek/;e ls ljLorh unh dh izkphu lH;rk ds vo’ks”kksa dks izekf.kr fd;k gSA vc ;g rks fl+) gks x;k gS bl iqLrd dk ifjp; nsrs gq, Mk- egs’k ‘kekZ us fd nl gtkj o”kZ iwoZ ljLorh lH;rk vkSj laLd`fr ds :Ik esa Hkkjro”kZ vius lkaLd`frd xkSjo dh f’k[kj crk;k fd vkt ftl rjg ls fodflr ns’kksa us fo‘o dks tgka ykdj [kM+k dj fn;k gSA mlls ekuo lH;rk ds lkeus ladV xgjk x;k gSA ,sls esa ljLorh unh ds foyqIr gksus dh otg [kkstdj fo‘o dks cpkus ds lcd lh[ks tk ldrs gSaA vkf[kj os dkSu&lh egku xyfr;ka Fkh ftUgs vc ugha nksgjk;k tkuk pkfg,A bafnjk xkaèkh jk”Vªh; dyk dsaæ ds lnL; lfpo MkW lfPpnkuan tks’kh us dgk fd ljLorh ds ckjs dgk tkrk gS fd ;g vkB gtkj lky igys rd vfojy :i ls cgrh Fkh] ysfdu egkHkkjr dky esa foyqIr gksus yxhA ,slk D;ksa gqvkA ;g iqLrd mldk tokc ryk’kus dk ç;kl djrh gSA bl volj ij cæhukFk ds ek.kk xkao esa cuh ljLorh eafnj ds fy, 101 fdyks dk ?kaVk Hkh HksaV fd;k x;k rFkk çfl) iqjkrRofon izks ch ch yky ij ,d o`Ùk fp= dh çLrqfr gqbZA dsaæ }kjk izks ch ch yky th dk ‘krk;q gksus ij vfHkuanu Hkh fd;k x;kA vHk; feJ leUo;d tuin laink izHkkx
fogaxe ekpZ&vçSy 49 tks Hkts gfj dks lnk--- iafMr Hkhelsu tks’kh dk ;g tUe ‘krkCnh o”kZ gSA mudk tUe 14 Qjojh iafMr Hkhelsu tks’kh 1922 dks èkkjokM+ ds xnx xkao esa gqvk FkkA mudh Le`fr esa vkB ls nl vçSy dks ^tks Hkts gfj dks lnk^ laxhr lekjksg dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA ;g lekjksg bafnjk xkaèkh jk”Vªh; dyk dsaæ ds mUeqä ,EQhfFk,Vj esa lEiUu gqvkA bl lekjksg esa ;qok dykdkj ls ysdj ofj”B dykdkjksa us f’kjdr fd;kA buesa ‘kkfey Fks&fojkV tks’kh] Jhdkar tks’kh] iafMr vt; pØorÊ] ds x.ks’k dqekj] vacjh’k nkl] iwf.kZek èkwekys] eatjh vlukjs] vkuan HkkVs] ok;fyu oknd x.ks’k dqekj] ve`rk eksbyh] fo?us’k bZÜoj] mLrkn ‘kkSdr gqlSu [kku vkSj iafMr mYgkl d’kkydjA ;g tkuuk egRoiw.kZ gS fd iafMr Hkhelsu ds nknkth Hkhekpk;Z yksdfç; dhŸkZudkj FksA mudh eka dUuM+ esa Hktu xkrh FkhaA tcfd] pkpkth ys[kd vkSj ukVddkj FksA bl rjg laxhr vkSj lkfgR; ls mudk ifjp; ?kj esa gh gks x;k FkkA mudh eka xksnkojh ckbZ vius llqj ds laxhr ls dkQh çHkkfor FkhaA blfy,] mUgksaus bl ckyd dk uke Hkhelsu j[kkA oSls Hkhelsu ds firk dk liuk Fkk fd mudk csVk M‚DVj] bathfu;j ;k oSKkfud cusA ysfdu] tc mUgksaus csVs dk laxhr ds çfr :>ku ns[kk] rc ?kj ij gh laxhr f’k{kd fpUuIik dqrZdksfV dks cqykus yxsA Hkhelsu ds nwljs xq: iafMr ‘;kekpk;Z jgsA X;kjg o”kÊ; ;g ckyd vius bu f’k{kdksa ls larq”V ugha FkkA ,d fnu mUgksaus ,d nqdku ij mLrkn vCnqy djhe [kka dk [k;ky xk;u jkx clar ^Qxok ns[ku dks pyks jh^ vkSj f>a>ksVh dh Bqejh ^fi;k fcu ukgha vkor pkSu^ lquk vkSj eu esa Bku fy;k fd eq>s ,slh gh xk;dh lh[kuh gSA fQj D;k Fkk] og ?kj NksM+dj xq: ds ryk’k esa fudy x,A bl ryk’k esa og èkkjokM+] chtkiqj] iq.ks] Xokfy;j] fnYyh] dksydkrk] y[kuÅ] tyaèkj vkfn ‘kgjksa esa HkVdrs jgsA muds ftanxh esa ,d u;k eksM+ vk;k] tc mUgsa iafMr fouk;d jko iVoèkZu us lykg fn;k fd mLrkn vCnqy djhe [kka ds ‘kkfxnZ lokbZ xaèkoZ èkkjokM+ esa jgrs gSaA og ogha jgdj] muls laxhr lh[k ldrs gSaA fQj D;k Fkk] vius èkqu ds iDds Hkhelsu vius ?kj okil vk x,A muds xq: lokbZ xaèkoZ us mUgsa pkj lky rd jkr fnu laxhr fl[kk;kA cgjgky] Hkkjr jRu iafMr Hkhelsu tks’kh dks muds firk xq:jkt ukniq= ds uke ls iqdkjrs FksA mUgsa in~eJh] in~eHkw”k.k] in~efoHkw”k.k] laxhr ukVd vdkneh lEeku] egkjk”Vª Hkw”k.k] Lokeh gfjnkl vokMZ ls
50 fogaxe ekpZ&vçSy lEekfur fd;k x;kA mUgsa dsjy ljdkj us Lokfr laxhr ‘kkL=h; xkf;dk eatjh vlukjs vkSj vkuan HkkVs us xk;u iqjLdkje vkSj fnYyh ljdkj us ykbQ Vkbe vphoesaV is’k fd;kA xkf;dk eatjh vlukjs us jkx ‘kq) dY;k.k is’k vokMZ fn;kA dSlsV ,oa fjdkMZ daiuh ,p,eoh us lu~ 1986 fd;kA mUgksaus foyafcr cafn’k ^,jh ekbZ fi;k^ o æqr y; dh esa mUgsa QLVZ IysfVue fMLd ls lEekfur fd;kA muds firk cafn’k ^cfr;k nksjkor vkbZ^ dks xk;kA ;s cafn’ksa rhu rky esa vkSj eksgu ukMd.kÊ us mudh thouh fy[kh gSA ukniq= fuc) FkhaA eatjh us vius xk;u dk lekiu VIik ls fd;kA Hkhelsu ds firk us mudh thouh esa bPNk tkfgj dh Fkh fd ‘kkL=h; xk;d vkuan HkkVs us jkx ek: fogkx is’k fd;kA ftl le; og nqfu;k ls çLFkku djsa] ml le; muds dkuksa ek: fogkx dh cafn’k ds cksy Fks&^vks uk tkvks nsl jfl;k^A esa Hkhelsu dk xk;k czEgkuan dk Hktu ^tks Hkts gfj dks lnk] mUgksaus iafMr th dk xk;k Hktu ^jke ds xq.k fpjaru^ dks lksgh ije in ik,xk^ xawtrk jgsA Hkh lqj esa <kykA ^tks Hkts gfj dks lnk^ laxhr lekjksg ds nkSjku iafMr th ds vHkax ds çfrf”Br xk;d x.ks’k dqekj ds xk;u ls lekjksg xk,] ;s iafä;ka iksLVj vkSj ¶ySDl esa pkjksa rjQ lqlfTtr fo’ks”k rkSj ij jks’ku gqvkA blds vykok] dukZVd laxhr FksA blls lekjksg LFky dk lkSan;Z laxhr ço.k çrhr gks dh NVk dks dykdkjksa ds lewg us is’k fd;kA bl ny dk jgk jgk FkkA laxhr lekjksg esa iafMr Hkhelsu tks’kh ds usr`Ro xk;u ;qxy ve`rk eqjyh vkSj fo?us’k bZÜoj us fd;kA ikS= fojkV tks’kh us iafMr ujsaæ ‘kekZ dk fy[kk Hktu ^cktS lekjksg dh vafre laè;k 10vçSy dks FkhA blesa vkxjk ?kjkus eqjfy;k ckts^ xk;kA mUgksaus cafn’k ^, l[kh^ vkSj ^’;ke ds çfrfufèk dykdkj mLrkn ‘kkSdr gqlSu us jkx xksj[k ctk; dkgs eqjfy;k^ is’k fd;kA lekjksg dh igyh laè;k dY;k.k xk;kA mUgksaus bl jkx esa foyafcr cafn’k ^èku&èku esa iafMr vt; pØorÊ vkSj iafMr Jhdkar tks’kh us xk;u Hkkx eksjk^ dks lqj esa fijks;kA blds ckn cafn’k ^bruk is’k fd;kA lans’kok eksjk tk, dgks^ dks xk;kA lekjksg dh vxyh lqcg ;kuh ukS vçSy dh lqcg dh lHkk ‘kkL=h; laxhr ds ofj”B xk;d iafMr mYgkl d’kkydj ds esa vacjh’k nkl vkSj M‚ iwf.kZek èkqekys us xk;u is’k fd;kA xk;u ds lkFk lekjksg dk lekiu gqvkA mUgksaus foyafcr ‘kkL=h; xk;d vacjh’k nkl us jkx rksM+h ls xk;u vkjaHk cafn’k ^n;k djks vc rqe j?kqukFk^ xk;kA mUgksaus vxyh fd;kA mUgksaus ,d rky esa cafn’k ^txr lc liuk^ o ^eSa cafn’k&^lqanj cnu rsjks^ çLrqr fd;kA mUgksaus ,d jpuk vkSj rks rqejks nkl^ xk;kA mUgksaus Hktu ^Hkteu jke uke^ is’k xk;kA blds cksy Fks&^lqur lc nq[kok lkSru lax^A mUgksaus fd;kA xkf;dk M‚ iwf.kZek èkqekys us jkx fe;ka dh rksM+h ls vius xk;u dk lekiu jkx HkSjoh ls fd;kA mUgksaus jpuk xk;u vkjaHk fd;kA blesa nks cafn’ksa ^,jh ekbZ vkt cèkkou^ ^tequk ds rhj^ dks xk;kA iafMr mYgkl d’kkydj ds lkFk o ^xjok eksls^ dks lqj esa fijks;kA mUgksaus ,d jpuk jkx gkjeksfu;e ij M‚ fou; feJ vkSj rcys ij iafMr lqjs’k xkSM+ lkjax esa xk;kA blds cksy Fks&^rksjs dkj.k tkxh gwa^A ryojdj us laxr fd;kA xkf;dk iwf.kZek us fdjkuk ?kjkus ds ukse&rkse ds vkyki dks [kklrkSj ij is’k fd;kA ‘kke dh lHkk esa fganqLrkuh & fogaxe MsLd
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