FlipBook2

7th grade Body Systems Flip BookBy Chandler Boggs Table of contents

Table of ContentsTable of ContentsNervous system Functions- Structure Diseases- Health careers-Special Senses Functions- Structure Diseases- Health careers-Cardiovascular system Functions- Structure Diseases- Health careers-Respiratory system Structure Diseases- Health careers-Integumentary Functions- Structure Diseases- Health careers-Musculoskeletal Structure Diseases- Health careDigestive Functions- Table of contents

Structure Diseases- Health careers-Urinary Functions- Structure Diseases- Health careers-Reproductive system Functions- Vocabulary Diseases- Health careers-Bibliography Table of contents

Nervous systemFunctions-The main function of the nervous system is to process input from sensory receptors, transferand interpret impulses, and to control the functions of body muscles and organs.Structure ● Nerves-receive and transmit messages too and from all parts of the body ● Dendrites- receive impulses and conduct to the cell body ● Axon-conducts impulses away from the cell ● Brain- coordinates all activities of the body by receiving and transmitting messages through the body ● Pons-where the nerves cross over ● Hypothalamus- vital body functions; hunger, thirst, sleep, and emotions ● Cerebellum- coordination and balance ● Medulla oblongata- vital function; respirations, heart rate, and blood pressure ● Spinal cord- transmits nerve impulses between the brain, libs, and lower part of the body ● Frontal lobe- controls motor functionsDiseases- ● Multiple Sclerosis- A diseases of unknown cause that manifests as multiple hard plaques of degeneration of the insulating layer of nerve fibers. ● Cerebrovascular Accident- A blood vessel in the brain may burst creating internal bleeding which leads to a stroke or a blood clot.Health careers- ● Neuroanatomist- studies the structure(anatomy) of the nervous system ● Neurochemist- studies the chemistry of of the nervous system for example, neurotransmitters Table of contents

Table of contents

Special SensesFunctions-The main function of special senses is to connect humans to the real world so that theycan interpret what is happening and respond to it.Structure ● Eye- receptor organ for the sense of sight ● Adnexa of the eye- accessory structure that provides external protection and allows the eyes to move ● Eyebrow-prevent foreign objects from getting into the eye ● Lacrimal apparatus- removes tears ● Lens- focuses rays of light on the retina ● Retina- converts light images into electrical impulses ● Ears- receptor organ for the sense of hearing and helps maintain balance ● Middle ear- transmits sound waves to the inner ear ● Inner ear- receives sound vibrations and transmits them to the brain ● Outer ear- transmits sound waves to the middle earDiseases- ● Tinnitus- ringing or buzzing in the ears including subjective and objective ● Bell palsy- lost control of muscles on one side of the face due to the seventh cranial nerve, the facial nerveHealth careers- ● Brain science- to study the complex parts of the brain and better understand ways through testing and possibly creating more ways to solve problems or discover issues ● Cognitive psychologist- study how we acquire information and process that information through things like listening, watching, reading, or searching for things Table of contents

Table of contents

Cardiovascular systemFunctions-The main function of the Cardiovascular system is to circulate and transport nutrients,oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from cells in the body tonourish it and help to fight diseases.Structure ● Heart-pumps blood through the body ● Blood vessel- transports blood ● Blood removes waste from the body ● Veins-carries blood through the body ● Arteries-carry blood from the heart ● Capillaries- where gas exchange occurs ● Plasma- liquid portion of the blood makes up 55% of itDiseases- ● Aortic stenosis- your aortic valve narrows decreasing level of blood flow throughout the body including the heart ● Mitral valve insufficiency- the mitral valve cannot close properly causing blood to back up in the heartHealth careers- ● Cardiovascular Technologist- works in a cardiac cath lab and performs complex procedures like, stent implants, cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators ● Cardiovascular Technician- work in catheterization labs 40 hours a week Table of contents

Table of contents

Respiratory systemFunctions-The main function of the respiratory system is the exchange of gas from the externalenvironment to the circulatory system by facilitating oxygenStructure ● Lung-deflates band inflates with air during respiration ● Laryngopharynx- the voice box ● Alveoli- where gas exchange occurs ● Epiglottis- closes off the larynx during swallowing ● Trachea- helps hold the esophagus in place ● Diaphragm- contracts and relaxing of this muscle makes breathing happenDiseases- ● Asthma- The airways are persistently inflamed, and may occasionally spasm, causing wheezing and shortness of breath ● Chronic bronchitis- characterized by a chronic productive coughHealth careers- ● Respiratory therapists- help people who suffer from chronic respiratory diseases or infants that may be porn prematurely and need help with breathing properly ● RCP- responsible for providing respiratory care services to neonatal, pediatric, adult and geriatric critical care patients Table of contents

Table of contents

IntegumentaryFunctions-The main function of the integumentary system is to protect the body from the outside. Italso retains body fluid, protects against diseases, eliminate waste products, andregulate body temperature.Structure ● Cellulitis-diffuse infection of connective tissue with severe inflammation within the layers of the skin ● Abrasion-An injury in which superficial layers of the skin are scraped or rubbed away ● Rosacea-A chronic condition of unknown cause that produces redness, tiny pimples, and broken vessels ● Hemangioma-A benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels ● Lipectomy-Surgical removal of far beneath the skin ● Papilloma-A benign epithelial tumor that projects from the surrounding surface ● Dermatitis-Inflammation of the supper layer of the skin ● Comendo-A lesion formed by the buildup sebum and keratin in a hair follicle ● Lipoma-A benign fatty deposit under the skin, causing a bump ● Liposuction- surgery for removing excess fat from under the skin by suctionDiseases- ● Skin cancer- the most basic issues result in slight change of color in the skin and can destroy skin tissue and bone if not treated immediately ● Warts- are rough bumps that appear by a viral infection. Warts will sometimes contain black inside of them and are most common in the hands and feet. The best way to treat warts are to freeze them or useHealth careers- ● Dermatologist-​ medical expert you should consult if you have any significant problem with your skin. ● Plastic Surgeon- perform operations that change the appearance of a patient's body. They do not only perform cosmetic surgeries but also perform reconstructive surgeries of patients that have had a severe injury or have birth defects. Table of contents

Table of contents

MusculoskeletalFunctions- T​ he musculoskeletal system binds together to create support, protection,and body movement. The skeletal system traps and protects organs from injury whilethe muscle binds it together and makes mobility possible.Structure ● Tendon-band of connective tissue that attaches muscles to bone ● Muscle Insertion- where the muscle ends or attaches to a bone on the movable part ● Muscle origin- where the muscle begins or attaches to the bone on the immovable part ● Bursitis-Inflammation of the fluid- filled pad that acts as cushions at the joints ● Comminuted-producing multiple bone splinters ● Craniectomy-removal of the skull ● Vertebrae-bones that form the backbone ● Scoliosis-is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine ● Rectus-several straight structures ● Oblique-nither parallel or perpendicularDiseases- ● Arthritis- the joint tissue becomes easier to wear and tear which causes swelling, pain, and even loss of mobility. ● Osteoporosis- loss of calcium from bone or failure to be replaced can result in bone density loss which makes the bones easy to fracture.Health care ● Massage therapist- treat clients by relaxing muscles to help make optimal movements easier and pain free. Relieving pain of the soft tissue also helps with decreasing stress. ● Chiropractors- manipulates the spine to help align the back and neck so that pain decreases and bone, muscles, ligaments, and tendons are relaxed. Table of contents

Table of contents

DigestiveFunctions-The main function of the digestive system is to break down food into smaller moleculesso that they can be absorbed by the body.Structure ● Esophagus- leads the food down the stomach from the larynx ● Stomach- churns the food so the stomach acid breaks it down ● Sublining glands- moses food to go down easier ● Lips- important to hold in food while in mouth ● Teeth- breaks down food ● Gallbladder-stores and converts bile for use ● Large intestine- waste products are processed for preparation to be excreted ● Small intestine- collects nutrients from the foodDiseases- ● Jaundice- yellowing of the skin from the backup of bile. Blockage of the of the ducts results in drainage of bile from the liver into the intestines. ● Cirrhosis- degenerative disease of the liver that often develops in chronic alcoholics and looks orangish yellow.Health careers- ● Gastroenterology- treat diseases throughout the digestive system from the esophagus to the rectum. ● Oncologist- deal with cancer involved in the digestive system like tumors of the throat and treat patients with chemotherapy, radiation, and the surgical removal of tumors. Table of contents

Table of contents

UrinaryFunctions-The main function of the urinary system is to remove waste product from the body andto control blood pressure.Structure ● Adrenal gland- regulate electrolyte levels ● Right Kidney- filter blood ntov remove waste ● Left Kidney- removes excessive water to maintain the fluid volume when the body ● Ureters- transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder ● Urethra-transport urine from the bladder through the urethral canal ● Urinary bladder- stores urine until it is excretedDiseases- ● Urinary tract infection- Bacteria enters the urinary tract affecting the urethra, bladder, or kidneys and can usually be treated with antibiotics ● Interstitial cystitis- a chronic bladder condition that causes bladder pressure and can increase pain in the pelvic regionHealth careers- ● Urologist- provide medical and surgical management for disorders of the urinary tract and may diagnose or treat diseases, cancers, deformities and injuries. ● Nephrologist- Provide medical management for kidney disease. Table of contents

Table of contents

Reproductive systemFunctions-The main function of the reproductive system is to secrete hormones needed in order tocreate life.Vocabulary ● Testicles-produce sperm and the male hormones testosterone. ● Ovaries- produce ova and female hormones ● Fallopian tubes- catches mature ova and provides the site for fertilization also transports ova to the uterus ● Uterus- protects and supports the developing childDiseases- ● Pelvic inflammatory disease-the female reproductive system is more susceptible to this disease and can acquire it from bacteria passing down into the abdominal cavity, causing inflammation. ● Endometriosis- the abdominal cavity or pelvic cavity is the lining of endometrial tissue and can cause lots of pain during menstruation from bleeding.Health careers- ● Obstetrician- a physician specialized in the diagnosis and management of pregnancy and delivering babies. ● Gynecologist- a physician specialized in diseases of the female reproductive system and surgery of the area including combining practices of OB/GYN. Table of contents

Bibliography\"Reproductive System Copy1.\" Emaze Presentations. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2016.\"Urinary System and How It Works.\" Urinary System and How Works. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov.2016.Specialty, By. \"Best Foods That Aid Digestion - Slideshow.\" Best Foods That Aid Digestion -Slideshow. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2016.\"Musculoskeletal System.\" Human Anatomy. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2016.\"Skin Information: Layers of Skin, Keeping Skin Healthy, and More.\" WebMD. WebMD, n.d.Web. 02 Nov. 2016.\"Human Respiratory System.\" Anatomy. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2016.\"Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 1 18 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart Anatomy.\" .N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2016.\"Nerve Cells.\" - Mayo Clinic. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2016.Admin, By. \"How Important Ear Diagram Labeled Is.\" Humandiagraminfo. N.p., n.d. Web. 02Nov. 2016.\"The Human Body: Anatomy, Facts & Functions.\" LiveScience. TechMedia Network, n.d. Web.02 Nov. 2016. Table of contents