Mudlogic Flipbook

LC STOP Product Definition: Lost Circulation Material Description: LC STOP is a hydrophilic co-polymer of polyacrylamide in granular form which when introduced to fresh water will expand in volume up to 200 times its dry state. LC STOP is highly absorbent and is used to seal and plug lost circulation when fissures, voids and minor cavities are encountered. LC STOP has also been used successfully to dampen rod vibration in diamond drill holes lacking water return, help support caving formations and used in casing packs to facilitate retrieval. General Application – Recommended Treatment It is important when using LC STOP to always consider jet size and water ways, ensure filters and screens are removed or diverted and the application is suited to the drilling parameters. LC STOP should always be pre-hydrated prior to pumping and spotting across the zone. LC STOP usage is dependent upon the size and nature of the area to seal and plug and when displaced LC STOP should be left undisturbed and allowed to hydrate for a period of 20 to 30 minutes. It is also recommended the rods be pulled back well clear of the problem zone to prevent stuck pipe and the innertube be removed if coring. The procedure can be repeated numerous times to regain circulation. LC STOP can be used repeatedly or in combination with other LCM materials and bridging agents. Advantages: Safe and easy to administer Swells rapidly minimising down time Economical Environmentally safe Compatible with water-based products Limitation: Waters with high levels of contamination will significantly affect the polymer's ability to reach full expansion potential. CAUTION using the product in a dry state and works best in low pressure environments. MUDLOGIC: P.50

MAGMA FIBER® Product Definition: Lost Circulation Material Description: MAGMA FIBER® is a specially formulated, extrusion-spun mineral fiber with an interlocking matrix to give increased circulation by bridging and plugging off voids, fractures and all types of permeable formations. It provides a strong framework for an extremely durable mud cake. MAGMA FIBER is effective in hard- to-plug, permeable, unconsolidated formations because it naturally migrates to areas of high permeability and avoids areas of low permeability. It is an inert, non-damaging LCM or sweep option compatible with fresh water, saltwater, oil-based muds and emulsions. MAGMA FIBER is available in Coarse and Fine grades, is an environmentally safe alternative and is thermally stable at high temperature. General Application – Recommended Treatment MAGMA FIBER unique spun fibres contains a specially formulated surfactant to speed separation and dispersion while mixing. It can be added directly into the drilling fluid system while being gunned, agitated or mixed in using a venturi hopper. It can be used in concentrations of up to 90 kg per 1000 L in slug treatments or as an additive to the entire system. MAGMA FIBER has been used in concentrations of ½ bag to 1 bag every 30 minutes for ongoing seepage and in concentrations of 15 kg to 45 kg per 1000 L for partial losses. It is non-ionic so it can be used with all types of mud systems, including oil-based mud. It is important when using MAGMA FIBER to always consider jet size and water ways, ensure filters and screens are removed or diverted and the application is suited to the drilling parameters. Advantages: Used as a pill or ongoing control of seepage loss Is > 98 % acid soluble Environmentally safe Compatible with all water and oil-based mud systems Inert and non-damaging Non-fermenting and non-corrosive Limitation: MAGMA FIBER has a tendency to float on the surface due to its fibrous nature until it is wetted. MUDLOGIC: P.51

POTASSIUM CHLORIDE (KCI) Product Definition: Inhibitor Description: Potassium Chloride is a high-purity dry crystalline inorganic salt used to prepare an inhibitive drilling fluid system. Potassium Chloride is an efficient inhibitor using ionic exchange, where the Potassium ion enters the clay platelets binding them together thus blocking entry of the water molecule to minimise swelling and dispersion. General Application – Recommended Treatment Potassium Chloride can be added directly to a drilling fluid system and normally requires moderate agitation to promote rapid dispersion. As a weighting agent, density will range from 1.005 SpG. (8.4 ppg) to 1.162 SpG. (9.7 ppg). Note Potassium Chloride becomes saturated around 1.162 SpG. (9.7 ppg). Typically, Potassium Chloride is used at concentrations of 3.0 % - 5.0 % by volume (30 - 50 kg per 1000 L), and recommended up to 8.0 % (80 kg per 1000 L). Materials such as PAC R & L ULTRA, TROL, CRP, 2000 PLUS and LIQUID MUD can all be used in conjunction with Potassium Chloride. Always pre-treat water and mix base chemicals and polymers before adding Potassium Chloride. Note the accurate determination of the potassium ion is necessary to control the inhibitive characteristics of the drilling fluid. Advantages: Readily available and economical Mixes easily and dissolves rapidly Compatible with most water-based additives and systems Effective clay and shale inhibitor Improves sample recovery and bore stability Limitation: Environmental sensitivities may exclude the use of Potassium Chloride (Kcl). Avoid using QUICKSEAL in a water bearing aquifer due to plugging. MUDLOGIC: P.52

QUICKSEAL Product Definition: Lost Circulation Material Description: QUICKSEAL is a blend of complex cellulose fibres, granules and flakes which are suitable for managing seepage and loss of circulation in a variety of different drilling mediums and conditions. QUICKSEAL is available in different grades which when selectively placed will migrate to the offending zone to bridge and pack off to create a robust seal. General Application – Recommended Treatment EXTREME CAUTION must be maintained while preparing for and using QUICKSEAL. It is important when using LOST CIRCULATION MATERIALS, you consider jet size and water ways, ensure filters and screens are removed or diverted and the application is suited to the drilling parameters. QUICKSEAL COARSE is applicable to formations with very large fractures of high permeability. Can be pumped through open drill pipe and spotted opposite the loss zone. A pill containing 80.0 to 120 kg per 1000 L of product is usually sufficient. QUICKSEAL MEDIUM is applicable to mid-size fractures and porous formations. Can be pumped through most jet sizes or open drill pipe and recommended for use at concentrations of between 25 to 50 kg per 1000 L. QUICKSEAL FINE is used for treatment of fine fractures and seepage loss and can be added as a preventative to the system to build a stronger filter cake. QUICKSEAL FINE will pass through a course mesh screens and is recommended to be used at a concentration of between 8.5 to 25.0 kg per 1000 L. Advantages: Non-toxic and environmentally acceptable Easy to apply Solution for a variety of lost circulation issues Forms a permanent ultra-strong robust seal Limitation: N/A MUDLOGIC: P.53

SODIUM CHLORIDE (NaCI) Product Definition: Weighting Material Description: Sodium Chloride (NaCl) is a widely available chemical commonly known as salt. Sodium Chloride (NaCl) is used as a weighting agent to increase density up to 1.2 SpG. or used to inhibit hydration. Additionally, Sodium Chloride (NaCl) can be used as a brine base for completion workover fluids, balance formation salinity or used as an internal brine for oil-based and synthetic drilling fluid systems. General Application – Recommended Treatment Sodium Chloride (NaCl) is used in a wide range of concentrations depending upon application. Sodium Chloride (NaCl) will dissolve into water rapidly and is typically used at 3.0 % by volume for clay inhibition and depending upon density requirement, can be added to achieve saturation at 1.199 SpG. (10.0 ppg). Advantages: Readily available and cost-effective Mixes easily and dissolves rapidly Compatible with most water-based additives and systems Mild clay and shale inhibitor Improves borehole stability Limitation: Environmental sensitivities may exclude the use of Sodium Chloride (NaCl). MUDLOGIC: P.54

Cementing Products MUDLOGIC: P.55

COLLAR SET Product Definition: Low Strength Gypsum Based Cement Description: COLLAR SET is a low strength gypsum-based cement with an encoded set time that's commonly used to cement in surface casing, to help cure lost circulation zones and to bond and stabilize shallow unstable rock formations. Due to the fast setting nature of COLLAR SET, production is momentarily paused. General Application – Recommended Treatment COLLAR SET is easy to use and ideal for seating in surface casing where a fast setting low strength cement meets specification. It needs to be mixed into fresh water to ensure optimum performance. COLLAR SET should be mixed at a ratio of 8 parts cement to 5 parts water or add 9.4 litres of water to each 15 kg pail of COLLAR SET. Pilot testing on surface is highly recommended before use and ensure all equipment is thoroughly cleaned prior to use. It's also highly recommended to use rubber cementing plugs either side of the slurry to prevent contamination and wipe clear any residual slurry. Always determine displacement time to ensure pumping time doesn't exceed initial set time. Advantages: Cost effective A viable solution for a variety of conditions Predetermined set time Reduces rig down time waiting to cure Easily mixed into a readily pourable or pumpable slurry Limitation: Saline and hardwater sensitive. MUDLOGIC: P.56

FASTA SET 5 Product Definition: Rapid Setting Cement Description: FASTA SET 5 is a specially formulated ultra-fast setting cement used primarily for seating in and cementing surface casing, used for spotting to seal air leakage fracture points or to bond breakaway. General Application – Recommended Treatment FASTA SET 5 has been designed to rapidly set and strengthen within a short time frame. Calculate the required volume and ensure there is adequate FASTA SET 5 and “fresh” water available on site. Ensure mixing vessel and all equipment is thoroughly cleaned and ready. Avoid using pumping equipment due to the fast setting nature of the cement. Mixing Ratio 10 kilograms FASTA SET 5 to 7 litres water or 25 kilograms FASTA SET 5 to 17.5 litres water Mix Time Initial Set 1 - 2 minutes Final Set Strength Gain 3 - 4 minutes Volume 5 - 7 minutes 7 - 10 minutes 10 kilograms FASTA SET 5 to 7 litres water (11.4 to 11.5 litres slurry), or 25 kilograms FASTA SET 5 to 17.5 litres water (28.6 to 28.8 litres slurry) Due to the fast setting nature of the cement it is advisable to pilot test the cement to better understand mix, initial and final set times. FASTA SET 5 MUST be mixed at the prescribed ratios to achieve best result. Advantages: Cost effective Rapid preparation Predetermined set time Reduces rig down time waiting to cure Limitation: Saline and hardwater sensitive. MUDLOGIC: P.57

LFR Product Definition: Liquid Friction Reducer Description: LFR is a liquid superplasticiser water reducing chloride free admixture designed to be used with high density cement slurries so a higher duration of workability is possible. At recommended concentrations, LFR will improve the fluidity of the slurry without having a retarding effect on set time or influence strength. General Application – Recommended Treatment LFR is added proportionally as water ratios reduce and density increases to make a more manageable slurry. LFR can be used in the presence of chlorides and under no circumstance add accelerants directly to the admixture. It is recommended to always pilot test to optimise dosage rates and slump. LFR is normally added at 200 to 600mls (0.2 to 0.6 L) per 100kg cement to produce a free-flowing cement slurry. High ambient temperatures may require higher dosage rates where again pilot testing is highly recommended. NOTE: Addition rate above 1000mls (1.0 L) per 100kg cementitious material may cause some mild set retardation. Advantages: LFR is classified as NON-HAZARDOUS Easy to use liquid form Concentrated and reliable Highly effective fluidiser Allows for low water to cement ratios Increases workable time Minimal effect of set time and strength gain Limitation: N/A MUDLOGIC: P.58

POZZOLITH Product Definition: Set Retarding Admixture Description: POZZOLITH is a ready-to-use liquid admixture used for preparing more workable, more uniform higher density cement slurries. POZZOLITH allows for reduced water to cement ratios, retards setting characteristics and allows for greater workability times with no adverse effect on final strength development. POZZOLITH is ideally suited for all cementing operations where mixing and placement is prolonged. General Application – Recommended Treatment POZZILITH is recommended for use in all types of cement slurries where retardation of set and improved performance (particularly improved pumpability) is required or desired. POZZOLITH is recommended for use at 150 – 350 mls per 100 kg of cementitious material (cement) noting as the dosage level increases so does the level of retardation. POZZOLITH will generally extend the working and setting time by approximately 1 to 5 hours. Since set time is also influenced by the chemical and physical composition of the basic ingredients of the slurry, trial mixes should be prepared on site to determine best result. POZZOLITH is compatible with LFR (Liquid Friction Reducer). Advantages: Economical and effective Easy to use liquid form Extends workability time Allows for reduced water content Retards set time without effecting strength gain Non-corrosive Limitation: N/A MUDLOGIC: P.59

RIGID FOAM Product Definition: Two Pack Rigid Foam Description: RIGID FOAM is a two-component medium density polyurethane rigid foam comprised of Part A, a polyether polyol and Part B, a MDI base Isocyanate. RIGID FOAM is CFC, HCFC and HFC free, with a zero ODP, GWP and no VOC, has a medium cream time, low exotherm and exhibits excellent consistent bonding strength. RIGID FOAM has been developed for use as a sealing and plugging agent, for pre-collar installations and has been used to stabilise loose unconsolidated ground. General Application – Recommended Treatment RIGID FOAM is prepacked proportionately to correct mixing ratios comprising Part A at 0.8 kg tin and Part B at 1.2 kg. RIGID FOAM A and B are poured into a suitable container and thoroughly mixed until a cream consistency develops. The mixture is then immediately poured behind the casing or into the zone of interest and allowed time to rise and set, where yield and final set strength will depend on mix consistency and ambient temperature. RIGID FOAM mix time should only be 15 seconds with a start to rise of 24 seconds. End rise is approximately 100 seconds with a tack free of 120 ± 10 seconds to produce approximate 34 L rigid foam. Advantages: Easy to prepare Economical and effective High strength and excellent bond Fast acting Limitation: Not UV stable (Degradation will occur). Should be stored in closed containers under dry conditions out of direct sunlight separately. MUDLOGIC: P.60

Foams & Detergents MUDLOGIC: P.61

DEFOAMER Product Definition: Defoaming Agent Description: DEFOAMER is an active silicone emulsion designed to control foam in aqueous systems, being an effective antifoaming agent for use in fresh to saline environments, from highly acidic to highly alkaline based drilling fluids. General Application – Recommended Treatment DEFOAMER can be added neat or prediluted with 1 to 3 parts water to aid dispersion. DEFOAMER can be added directly to the system at 0.25 to 1.0 litre per 1000 L or diluted and sprayed directly onto the foam surface to increase effectiveness. Advantages: Fast acting and highly dispersible Immediately effective in low concentrations Compatible with most other water-based products Effective in a range of water conditions Supports reduced corrosion caused by air entrapment Inert and non-toxic Limitation: N/A MUDLOGIC: P.62

DRILL DET ULTRA Product Definition: Drilling Detergent Description: DRILL DET ULTRA is blend of concentrated surfactants and a surface wetting agent formulated for use when drilling reactive clays and shale to reduce bit balling and collaring. DRILL DET ULTRA coats metal surfaces with a non-stick film and is used to reduce surface tension, promoting the settlement of drill solids within the surface system. DRILL DET ULTRA can operate efficiently in a broad range of environments, from hard to super saline conditions. General Application – Recommended Treatment DRILL DET ULTRA is primarily used in zones where clays and shales are prevalent to prevent build-up over drill collars, reamers and around the bit thus improving penetration. Avoid using DRILL DET ULTRA excessively as overuse will cause foaming. DRILL DET ULTRA is mixed easily into water or can be added neat directly into the drill pipe. DRILL DET ULTRA mixing ratios in litres per 1000 litres: Promote solids settlement 1.0 - 4.0 lt Reduce sticking tendencies of clay and shales 3.0 - 6.0 lt Advantages: Effective in low concentrations Prevents bit balling and collaring Reduces torque and drag Designed to work in fresh or saltwater Promotes settling of cuttings Environmentally acceptable Limitation: N/A MUDLOGIC: P.63

MAX FOAM Product Definition: Foaming Agent Description: MAX FOAM is a proprietary blend of concentrated readily biodegradable anionic surfactants and performance enhancing additives which combined produce abundant volumes of foam when added to fresh, hard and saline water. It generates a very consistent stable foam that will improve the clearing capacity of the air stream at relatively low dosages and can be used in all air drilling applications. General Application – Recommended Treatment MAX FOAM's superior bubble retention will better resist water intrusion and convey larger cuttings back to the surface and can reduce the sticking tendencies of clays to prevent bit balling and collaring. The MAX FOAM concentration and injection rate will vary depending on hole diameter, depth, compressor output and if a water influx is encountered. Mix MAX FOAM with water using minimal agitation and inject into the airstream. The following are approximations only. Dust suppression 0.2 - 0.5% by volume Mist drilling 0.3 - 0.6% by volume Foam drilling 0.5 - 2.5% by volume Stiff foams are often used drilling large diameter holes, encountering large cavities or where fractured unconsolidated ground is experienced. Bentonites (GEL 100, GEL ULTRA and GEL XTRA) or Polymers (TROL, PAC R ULTRA, CRP, 2000 PLUS or BIO GUM ULTRA) need to be mixed separately and fully hydrated before the FOAM is added. (Recommend aiming for a funnel viscosity of 32 – 42 seconds). Advantages: Powerful foaming agent Increases production rates Greater foam stability and bubble retention Reduces air requirements and allows for deeper drilling Increase lifting capacity of the air column Effective dust suppressant Stops collaring a balling Limitation: N/A MUDLOGIC: P.64

MAX FOAM XF Product Definition: Concentrated Foaming Agent Description: MAX FOAM XF is a unique proprietary blend of highly concentrated readily biodegradable anionic surfactants and specialised performance enhancing additives which combined produce abundant volumes of foam in fresh and hard to saline environments. MAX FOAM XF generates a very consistent, stable foam that will improve the hole cleaning capacity of the air stream at relatively low dosages and can be used in mineral and water well drilling applications. General Application – Recommended Treatment MAX FOAM XF's superior retention will better resist water intrusion and convey larger cuttings back to the surface and will also reduce the sticking tendencies of clays to prevent bit balling and collaring. The injection rate and concentration will vary depending on hole diameter, depth, compressor output and if a water influx is encountered. Mix MAX FOAM XF with water using minimal agitation and inject into the airstream. The following are approximations only. Dust suppression 0.2 - 0.5% by volume Mist drilling 0.2 - 0.5% by volume Foam drilling 0.5 - 2.0% by volume Stiff foams are often used with large diameter holes, encountering large cavities or where fractured unconsolidated ground is experienced. Bentonites (GEL 100, GEL ULTRA and GEL EXTRA) or Polymers (TROL, PAC R ULTRA, CRP, 2000 PLUS or BIO GUM ULTRA) need to be mixed separately and fully hydrated before the FOAM is added. (Recommend aiming for a funnel viscosity of 32 – 42 seconds). Advantages: Powerful foaming agent Greater foam stability and bubble retention Reduces air requirements and allows for deeper drilling Increases lift capacity of the air column Controls water influx + Improves borehole stability Increases production rates + Effective dust suppressant Stops collaring and balling Effective in a range of water qualities Limitation: N/A MUDLOGIC: P.65

MAX FOAM XFT Product Definition: Concentrated Foaming Agent Description: MAX FOAM XFT is an innovative proprietary blend of highly concentrated readily biodegradable anionic surfactants and specialised performance enhancing additives combined to produce abundant volumes of foam in fresh to ultra-hard super- saline environments. It can generate very consistent stable foam in the harshest water conditions which will improve hole clearing efficiencies at relatively low dosage rates. General Application – Recommended Treatment MAX FOAM XFT superior bubble retention will better resist water intrusion, clear and convey larger chips back to the surface and to reduce sticking tendencies of clays to reduce the likelihood of bit balling and collaring. The injection rate and concentration will vary depending on water quality, hole diameter, depth, compressor output and flow rate. Mix MAX FOAM XFT with water using minimal agitation and inject into the airstream. The following are approximations only. Dust suppression 0.2 - 0.3% by volume Mist drilling 0.1 - 0.5% by volume Foam drilling 1.0 - 2.5% by volume Stiff foams are often used when large diameter holes, large cavities or fractured unconsolidated ground is experienced. Bentonites (GEL 100, GEL ULTRA and GEL EXTRA) or Polymers (TROL, PAC R ULTRA, C.R.P or BIO GUM) need to be mixed separately and fully hydrated before the FOAM is added. (Recommend the base fluid to have a funnel viscosity of 32 – 42 seconds). Advantages: Powerful foaming agent Effective dust suppressant Greater foam stability and bubble retention Reduces air requirements and allows for deeper drilling Increases lift capacity of the air column Controls water influx + Stops collaring and balling Improves borehole stability and production rates Tolerant to extremely poor water conditions Limitation: N/A MUDLOGIC: P.66

TRIPLE 4 Product Definition: Concentrated Detergent Degreaser Description: TRIPLE 4 is an extremely powerful concentrated biodegradable multi-purpose water based detergent degreaser. TRIPLE 4 contains no solvents, is phosphate and MBA free and is used to remove light hydraulic and engine oils, grime and dirt from equipment, workshop flooring and built-up grubby areas. TRIPLE 4 is a proven alternative to solvent based detergents and degreasers. It is environmentally acceptable and ideally suited for mining and drilling applications. It is also used to cleanse and disinfect boreholes before televiewing and other logging equipment is engaged. General Application – Recommended Treatment TRIPLE 4 is a very versatile product where dilution rates vary depending on soiling. Mixing ratios, water to TRIPLE 4: 10:1 20:1 Heavy soiling, engine oil removal 40:1 Medium soiling, light oil and grime Light soiling and equipment cleaning Advantages: Liquid and easy to use Biodegradable Non-caustic, contains no solvents, phosphates or MBA's Very economical and fast acting Compatible with water treatment systems Low foaming product Eliminates multiple rinsing Quickbreak feature Limitation: N/A MUDLOGIC: P.67

Mudlogic Fluid Solutions can save you both time and money by increasing your knowledge of our products or services through comprehensive training packages.

Thinners Dispersants & Flocculants MUDLOGIC: P.69

FLOC BLOC Product Definition: Solid Form Flocculant Description: FLOC BLOC is an anionic flocculant in solid form which has been specifically designed to slowly dissolve in free-flowing water to flocculate suspended solids. It causes fine solids to aggregate to promote more rapid settlement. FLOC BLOC is ideally suited for all drilling applications as they require little attention. FLOC BLOC is non-toxic to fish and aquatic life. General Application – Recommended Treatment For optimal use, the FLOC BLOC needs to be fully immersed in water to expose the maximum surface area available to the passing fluid and where possible a small stand or basket is recommended to ensure the BLOC's bottom is not immersed in the sediment. FLOC BLOC has been designed for ease of handling and application. It will need to be immersed in the water for at least 30 minutes to allow for proper hydration. FLOC BLOC should be located 2 – 5 metres before the discharge point. Excavate a small ditch to encourage more vigorous contact between the flocculant and the suspended solids. To treat large volumes of fluid it may be necessary to place several blocks in the return-line. On entering the sump or settling pond the flocculated solids will settle. Advantages: Simple to use Effective Promotes settlement of suspended solids Non-toxic Limitation: N/A MUDLOGIC: P.70

FLOC IT Product Definition: Liquid Flocculant Description: FLOC IT is a powerful flocculant designed to encourage the settlement of fine drill cuttings in polymer low solids water- based drilling fluid systems. FLOC IT being catatonically charged causes solid particles to aggregate where they form flocs which quickly settle after entering the pit area or tank system. It is also used to clarify the fluid column in predrilled bored to improve clarity when optical televiewing equipment is employed. General Application – Recommended Treatment FLOC IT is an extremely effective flocculant when used in low viscosity systems in tightly operated networks where fine colloidal sized solids tend to build in volume. FLOC IT will work efficiently in a wide range of water conditions and used correctly will contribute to improved penetration rates and extend pump, bit and reamer life. To achieve best performance, adjust pH to 8.5 to 9.5 then add FLOC IT at 50 – 150 mls per 1000 L. FLOC IT can be added slowly into the mud system or drip fed into the flowline noting the retention of solids will dictate appropriate level of addition. Advantages: Rapid and totally dispersible Highly effective in low concentrations Influential flocculant Improves pump, bit and reamer life Supports improved production rates Compatible with most water-based products and systems Limitation: N/A MUDLOGIC: P.71

LIQUID SPERSE Product Definition: Liquid Thinner Dispersant Description: LIQUID SPERSE is a concentrated water soluble functional thinner in liquid form used as a highly effective deflocculating and thinning agent for bentonite-based drilling fluid systems. It can also be used as a powerful dispersant that provides superior breaking-back properties to remove mud, clays and sediments from producing formations and gravel pack during well development. LIQUID SPERSE can also be used to prevent bit balling and collaring and to help free stuck pipe. General Application – Recommended Treatment When using LIQUID SPERSE as a thinning agent in bentonite- based drilling fluid systems, pilot testing is highly recommended prior to treatment. LIQUID SPERSE should be added incrementally and while doing so test viscosity and rheology until the desired properties are achieved. As a thinner use LIQUID SPERSE at 0.5 – 4.0 kg per 1000 L. In well development it is recommended to separately pre-treat the well with 1,500 ppm of chlorine for a minimum of 12 hours to breakdown polymers that exist within the drilling fluid, as this will allow for optimal removal of deposited clays, sediments and the rapid dispersion of the wall cake. Determine the volume required to prepare the jetting solution, then dissolve 2.0 - 4.0 kg of LIQUID SPERSE to 1000 L for fresh water. To enhance the cleaning process, jet, surge and use vigorous mechanical action to agitate solution into the screens and gravel pack. Leave the solution in the well overnight and purge strongly before pump testing, repeating if necessary. Advantages: Easy to mix and fast acting Wide range of applications Restores rheological profiles Strong dispersant Improves well productivity Used as thinner in Bentonite based systems Controls collaring and bit balling Limitation: N/A MUDLOGIC: P.72

MUD FREE Product Definition: Dispersant Thinner Description: MUD FREE is a thinner used to break down the viscosity of bentonite-based mud systems and a dispersant to aid in the removal and clean-up of clays and sediments during well development and bore rehabilitation. MUD FREE is mixed into a solution and jetted across the screens and into the aquafer where is will disperse and purge away wall cake that has formed across the producing zone, maximising yield. General Application – Recommended Treatment In well development it is recommended to separately pre-treat the well with 1,500 ppm of chlorine for a minimum of 12 hours to breakdown polymers that exist within the drilling fluid. This allows for optimal removal of deposited clays, sediments and the rapid dispersion of the wall cake. To a predetermined volume, completely dissolve 5.0 - 6.0 kg of MUD FREE to 1000 L for fresh water. To enhance the cleaning process, jet, surge and use vigorous mechanical action to agitate solution into the screens and gravel pack. Recommended leaving solution in the well overnight and purge strongly before pump testing, repeating if necessary. Advantages: Facilitates well development Economical Effective in low concentrations Quick acting Strong dispersant Improves well productivity Limitation: N/A MUDLOGIC: P.73

Mudlogic Fluid Solutions can save you both time and money by increasing your knowledge of our products or services through comprehensive training packages.

Miscellaneous & Specialty Products MUDLOGIC: P.75

BIOCIDE Product Definition: Bactericide Description: BIOCIDE is a powerful new class bactericide which offers superior anti-microbial activity control, commonly used in water-based mud systems containing natural gums and starches or select additives (products that are especially vulnerable to bacterial attack). BIOCIDE is effective in both acidic and alkaline environments and will treat a broad spectrum of bacteria, algae and fungi, being highly effective on SRB bacteria. BIOCIDE is low in toxicity, used at low dosage rates and will breakdown rapidly in the environment. General Application – Recommended Treatment BIOCIDE should be used as a preventative to control the likelihood of bacterial degradation happening. When contamination occurs, the reproductive cycle begins where population growth is rapid, so the level of the attack can be quite significant making it important to begin treatment and to have a regressive maintenance program. BIOCIDE is typically used at dosage rates of 0.5 to 4.0 L 1000 L (0.05 to 0.4 % by volume). Ensure the appropriate PPE is being worn; add directly into the mud system through agitation or at the flowline. Advantages: Easy to use and highly soluble Low toxicity Compatible with a range of water-based drilling fluids Superior microbiological control Prevents fermentation of natural polymers Extends the life of drilling fluid Prevents corrosion caused by bacterial activity Provides superior long-term protection Limitation: Store in a sealed container in a cool dry area away from direct sunlight and heat to avoid deterioration. MUDLOGIC: P.76

BORE SEAL Product Definition: Hole Stabilizer Description: BORE SEAL is a blend of proprietary polymers, biodegradable vegetable oils and emulsifiers that form a stable emulsion used in air drilling applications. BORE SEAL is administered into the hole neat or as a dilution where it will layer out over the borehole walls depositing an adhesive membrane to bond and support friable fractured formations. General Application – Recommended Treatment BORE SEAL is used primarily in air drilling to line the borehole wall with a stabilising sheath that will support and control sections that tend to fret and cave. BORE SEAL is simply added neat into the rod line or mixed into water at a predetermined amount (6.0 – 10.0 litres per 1000 L) and blown clear of the bit. For best results maintain air flow on the hole after each treatment to improve strength and bonding effect. Advantages: Injected neat or mixed for easy administration Liquid form Effective in air drilling loose friable formations Compatible with foams and polymers Eliminates the need for redrills Limitation: N/A MUDLOGIC: P.77

CALCIUM CHLORIDE Product Definition: Inhibitor Description: CALCIUM CHLORIDE is a highly soluble calcium salt used to make drilling and workover fluids or brines with a density range from 1.01 to 1.40 SpG (8.4 to 11.8 ppg) at saturation. CaCl2 brines as the internal phase of oil-base or synthetic-base mud will provides osmotic wellbore stability when drilling water-sensitive shale zones. CALCIUM CHLORIDE is often used to decrease thickening time of cement and increase 'early strength' gain. General Application – Recommended Treatment CALCIUM CHLORIDE comes in flake form and when introduced to water will rapidly dissolve to achieve density increases with minimal additional volume. CALCIUM CHLORIDE will also provide inhibition (preventing clays from hydrating) and can be used as a base salt in packer fluids. Caution should be taken when adding CALCIUM CHLORIDE to water as heat will be generated and always perform pilot testing when using as a cement accelerant. Advantages: Readily available Dissolves rapidly Effective clay and shale inhibitor Improve sample recovery and bore stability Limitation: N/A MUDLOGIC: P.78

EXTRA SKIN Product Definition: Filtrate Reducer Borehole Stabilizer Description: EXTRA SKIN is a water-soluble synthetic polymer that when added to a water-based drilling fluid system will deposit a deformable latex film over reactive clay and shales thus reducing pressure invasion of the drilling fluid. It has also proven to be beneficial when drilling shear zones and brittle formations. The ultra-fine latex particles produced when using EXTRA SKIN will mechanically seal microfractures and physically prevent further intrusion of the drilling fluid into sensitive clay and shales and pressure sensitive zones. The co-precipitation of EXTRA SKIN produces a semi impermeable membrane on the surfaces of the borehole that chemically retards the ability for fluid to pressure transmit into the formation. General Application – Recommended Treatment EXTRA SKIN will remain stable in fresh to highly saline environments and has proven stable at high temperatures and is not pH sensitive. It is introduced into a water-based system at the rate of 0.8 to 2.5 % by volume (8.0 to 25.0 litres per 1000 L). EXTRA SKIN should be added to the system at low to moderate concentrations. Monitoring the system and drilling conditions will dictate whether additional product is required. EXTRA SKIN in higher concentrations can cause foaming so recommend access to a suitable DEFOAMER. Advantages: Rapid dispersion + Lowers filtrate values Mechanically seals microfractures Layers hole with an impermeable membrane Reduce borehole pressure transmission Enhances borehole stability + Improves in-hole lubrication Stabilizes pressure sensitive formations Stable in saturated saline environments, not pH sensitive Compatible with most water-based fluid systems Limitation: N/A MUDLOGIC: P.79

GROUND SUPPORT Product Definition: Hole Stabilizer Description: GROUND SUPPORT is a specially formulated blend of proprietary admixtures and acetate-based adhesives that when prepared and positioned correctly will penetrate the borehole wall to form a hardened layer. It will significantly reduce redrills and used when drilling problematic unconsolidated formations, sands and friable zones. GROUND SUPPORT has been designed for use in rotary air, RC and other air drilling applications. General Application – Recommended Treatment GROUND SUPPORT is simply mixed with water or a polymer base requiring minimal agitation. The GROUND SUPPORT admixture is then injected into the airstream or introduced directly into the rod line where it's blown and absorbed onto the formation to form a liquid film where heat and airflow will dry and harden. GROUND SUPPORT is normally used at a ratio of 1:1 neat with water or in a polymer base. It is recommended to adjust the ratios and maybe necessary to administer multiple times to achieve desired result. As a guide typically 2.0 – 3.0 litres are normally enough to condition 3 - 6 metres of hole. Advantages: Concentrated liquid Easy to use and disperses rapidly Reduces the need to run casing Reduces the need to redrill holes Limitation: N/A MUDLOGIC: P.80

HF 100N CLAY FILM Product Definition: Filtrate Reducer Borehole Stabilizer Description: HF 100 CLAY FILM is a second-generation medium cloud point glycol that's environmentally benign and a highly versatile additive for all types of water and brine-based drilling fluids. When HF 100 CLAY FILM is added to brine or polymer muds it exhibits excellent shale controlling performance, improves cuttings integrity and will significantly decrease friction coefficient to improve bore lubrication. HF 100 CLAY FILM is most effective when combined with other clay and shale stabilisation chemicals, such as encapsulating polymers or with potassium chloride to achieve optimum performance. General Application – Recommended Treatment To control hydration of sensitive clays and shale, and to provide lubricity to the system, HF 100 CLAY FILM is normally added at 1.0 to 3.0 % by volume (10.0 to 30.0 kg per 1000 L). In highly sensitive clays and shale, HF 100 CLAY FILM can be increased up to 8.0 % (80.0 kg per 1000 L) by volume, with the addition of KCl or NaCl to further enhance performance. HF 100 CLAY FILM is compatible with PAC R and L ULTRA, VIS LV, CLAY CONTROL, CRP, 2000 PLUS and LIQUI MUD. Advantages: Easily disperses into fresh or saline environments Effective lubricant torque reducer Effective clay and shale inhibitor Improves cuttings integrity Environmentally friendly Improves sample recovery and presentation Improves ROP Limitation: N/A MUDLOGIC: P.81

RIG ULTRA WASH Product Definition: Multi-Purpose Detergent Degreaser Description: RIG WASH ULTRA is an extremely powerful multi-purpose cleaner that will effectively remove dirt, mud, grime, oily greasy films and sooty soils. RIG WASH ULTRA can be used on all surfaces to leave a spotless streak-free finish. General Application – Recommended Treatment For manual washing, 40 - 60mls of RIG WASH ULTRA to a bucket of clean water (15 - 20 litres). Applying with a sponge, then leave a few minutes to soak and penetrate before rinsing off with clean water. For very difficult areas use RIG WASH ULTRA neat, leaving to soak 2 - 3 minutes before scrubbing and rinse. Low pressure cleaning equipment; dilute one-part RIG WASH ULTRA to 20 to 30 parts clean water. Allow to soak on surface, then rinse off with clean water. High pressure cleaning equipment; dilute one-part RIG WASH ULTRA to 200 - 300 parts clean water. Allow to soak on surface and then pressure rinse with clean water. Advantages: Contains no solvents Very economical and fast acting Environmentally acceptable Limitation: Avoid using on high gloss surfaces as prolonged exposure will strip wax or sealant coating away leaving paint susceptible to UV harm. MUDLOGIC: P.82

SFA Product Definition: Stiff Foam Additive Description: SFA is a unique proprietary additive used to improve the physical characteristics of a foam to greatly improve carrying capabilities and foam stability (half-life). SFA should to be considered when drilling large diameter holes where compressor output and air velocity is considered insufficient for clearing cuttings, when drilling strata with iron bearing formations or formations of high density or when drilling formations that are unconsolidated, brittle or friable and generally a challenge to stabilize. General Application – Recommended Treatment Always pre-treat mix water with Soda Ash or WATER SOFTENER prior to adding SFA. It should be mixed in a dedicated tank where normally using fresh water 1 pail (18.5 kg) per 1000 L (1 m³) will provided desired properties. Slowly add the SFA through a shearing device, mud hopper or HOOTENANNY and allow enough time to disperse and yield (No Fisheyes). Transfer the prepared mixture into the suction reservoir then add MAX FOAM or a FOAM additive at 1.0 – 2.0 % by volume (10.0 – 20.0 litres per 1000 L) and gently agitate to avoid foaming. When ready inject the admixture into the air line at a rate to produce a shaving cream consistency at the return. Note: It may be necessary to kill foam on surface and if so it is recommended use DEFOAMER diluted in water misted directly onto the return. DO NOT MISUSE DEFOAMER or cross contaminate mixing vessels Advantages: Effective in improving foam quality Extends compressor use Improves lifting capacity and foam life Delays water ingress Allows deeper drilling Improves hole stability in friable strata Reduces torque and drag Non-harmful to the environment Limitation: N/A MUDLOGIC: P.83

SODA ASH Product Definition: Water Conditioner Description: SODA ASH is a free flowing, white hygroscopic granular form of sodium carbonate which is used to treat out calcium hardness and to raise pH (alkalinity). General Application – Recommended Treatment SODA ASH should be added slowly through a suitable hopper or diluted and added by means of chemical barrel. Note when using a chemical barrel mix the SODA ASH uniformly in freshwater and provide adequate agitation. It is recommended the makeup water is titrated for hardness and tested for pH to determine the appropriate amount of Soda Ash to treat contamination. SODA ASH should be added until a pH of 8.5 to 9.5 is obtained. Suggested ratio for normal makeup water is 0.25 kg to 0.5 kg per 1000 L however detectable calcium will determine treatment level. Note: Soda Ash is added to the system at a rate of 0.264 kg per 1000 L to treat 100 mg/l calcium. Advantages: Very economical Readily available Effective in increasing pH and removing soluble calcium Improve performance of chemicals Safer handling option Limitation: N/A MUDLOGIC: P.84

SODIUM BICARBONATE Product Definition: Water Treatment / Cement Contamination Description: SODIUM BICARBONATE is commonly known as Bicarbonate of Soda and used principally for the treating cement contamination. When added to a water-based drilling fluid SODIUM BICARBONATE will precipitate soluble calcium and neutralize pH of the mud system. SODIUM BICARBONATE can also be used as a pH buffer in brines and completion fluids. General Application – Recommended Treatment The recommended concentration of SODIUM BICARBONATE is dependent on the calcium content (Calcium mg/l x 0.00211 = kgs per 1000 L required). Do not use SODIUM BICARBONATE to treat out calcium of the makeup water, use SODA ASH instead. SODIUM BICARBONATE dissolves rapidly and is normally mixed slowly through a hopper or can be added directly into agitation. Advantages: Widely available and an economic treatment Concentrated chemical with low treatment levels Precipitates calcium levels and reduces pH Non-hazardous chemical Limitation: N/A MUDLOGIC: P.85

SWELL HIB Product Definition: Clay and Shale Inhibitor Description: SWELL HIB is a chloride-free polyamine base product used as an extremely effective liquid clay and shale inhibitor. SWELL HIB should only be used with polymer-based drilling fluid systems due to the effective way it suppresses the mechanism where clay and shales absorb water. It retards clays and shale from hydrating by blocking the water molecules from penetrating the space between the platelets causing swelling and bit balling. SWELL HIB helps control the challenges when drilling reactive clays and shale, improves wellbore stability and cuttings integrity, reduces torque and drag and is an option for drilling in environmentally sensitive locations. General Application – Recommended Treatment SWELL HIB will maintain sample integrity, so an effective means of monitoring performance is to observe the cuttings. The cuttings should remain dry and firm, however if they become soft and sticky it may indicate insufficient inhibition within the system. It is advisable to add SWELL HIB into the system well prior to contacting the reactive zones. Typical dosage rates for effective inhibition is between 1.0 – 4.0 % by volume (10.0 kg to 40.0 kg per 1000 L). Advantages: Superior clay and shale inhibition in polymer systems Improves wellbore integrity Limits cuttings dispersion Allows for dry and more stable cutting No appreciable effect on system viscosity Reduces bit balling and collaring Environmentally acceptable Limitation: N/A MUDLOGIC: P.86

SWELL HIB (DP) Product Definition: Clay and Shale Inhibitor Description: SWELL HIB (DP) is a proprietary product consisting of specialised polymers, conditioning agents and inhibitors. It is designed to provide a single sack drilling fluid solution when encountering difficult geological conditions, such as reactive clays and shale or as an option to facilitate casing retrieval. It will soften the mix water and produce viscosity whilst improving borehole stability by lowering filtration rates. It also provides encapsulation and inhibition when in contact with hydro-reactive formations and will enhance bore lubricity. SWELL HIB (DP) is chloride free so detectible levels will remain well below permissible discharge limits when disposing of cuttings and spent drilling fluid. General Application – Recommended Treatment SWELL HIB (DP) is a standalone product used to produce a solids free inhibitive mud system, it is also compatible with other water-base products to further enhance physical properties, such as TROL, PAC R and PAC L ULTRA, XANVIS and BIO GUM ULTRA. The following is a guide where drilling conditions and experience will determine right concentration to achieve best result. It is recommended to mix SWELL HIB (DP) by adding slowly through a hopper or high-speed stirrer, allowing enough time to blend and fully hydrate. SWELL HIB (DP) mixing ratios in kgs per 1000 litres: Improve viscosity and stabilise swelling 15.0 - 50.0 kgs clays and shale Advantages: Single sack solution Controls filtration rates Stabilizes water sensitive formations Inhibits clay and shale from hydrating Improves borehole integrity and lubricity Improves sample recovery Compatible with a range of water-based mud products Limitation: N/A MUDLOGIC: P.87

WATER SOFTENER Product Definition: Water Conditioner Description: WATER SOFTENER is a cleating agent water treatment additive used to soften water. This is achieved through pH adjustment and through the removal of calcium, magnesium and certain other metal cations commonly found when using recycled mine water or extremely hard water sources. WATER SOFTENER is very effective in low concentrations therefore having a broader treatment range than traditional treating chemicals, such as Soda Ash and Caustic Soda. General Application – Recommended Treatment A drilling chemical's yield and performance is often retarded when added to waters with high levels of contamination, primarily low pH and high hardness. Ideally WATER SOFTENER should be added to the mix water prior to the addition of chemicals and can be used periodically to maintain and condition as required. WATER SOFTENER Mixing ratios in kgs per 1000 litres: To treat and soften 0.7 - 1.0 kg per 1000 mg hard water Total hardness Advantages: Effective with a broad treatment range Highly soluble Reduces concentrations otherwise required to achieve properties Improves the efficiencies of all water-based chemicals Environmentally neutral if used as directed Limitation: N/A MUDLOGIC: P.88

Hammer Oils MUDLOGIC: P.89

BIO HAMMER OIL Product Definition: Vegetable Oil Based Hammer Lubricant Description: BIO HAMMER OILS are built using superior quality vegetable oils and used to lubricate rock drills and hammers and supplied in Viscosity Grades 200, 320 and 460. BIO HAMMER OIL is a high film strength oil designed to improve the lubrication and wear characteristics of pneumatically driven DTH hammers. BIO HAMMER OIL incorporates natural anti-wear and anti-corrosion properties providing superior protection, prolonging equipment life and to maximize run time. General Application – Recommended Treatment BIO HAMMER OIL is a naturally produced oil hence it is recommended for use in environmentally sensitive areas and when drilling near potable water sources. BIO HAMMER OIL can be injected through an in-line lubricator or introduced directly into the rod line. Generally, the following consumption rates are a guide only, where air pressures, air volume, hole size and down- hole conditions will dictate the most appropriate rate of addition to maximize performance. Hole Size (mm) Volume (L/h) 89-127 1.5-2.5 127-192 2.5-3.0 192-216 3.0-3.5 216-222 3.5-4.5 222-508 4.5-6.5 Advantages: Extreme pressure lubrication Protect against friction and wear High adhesion, film strength and lubrication Excellent dispersions properties Washout resistance Resists against rust and corrosion Increased productivity Classified as NON-HAZARDOUS Limitation: BIODEGRADABLE HAMMER OILS are not recommended as a preserving additive when storing hammers and associated equipment for prolonged periods. MUDLOGIC: P.90

HAMMER OIL WITH MOLY Product Definition: Hammer Lubricant with Moly Description: HAMMER OIL 460 WITH MOLY contains extreme-pressure additive Molybdenum, anti-rust, anti-wear and anti-fogging additives in a heavy-duty mineral oil base for rock drills and hammers supplied in ISO Viscosity Grades 320 and 460. It provides a high film strength oil that will significantly improve the lubrication and wear aspect of pneumatically driven DTH hammers. General Application – Recommended Treatment Hole size HAMMER OIL WITH MOLY combines highly refined base oils and special additives that collectively reduce equipment failure, provide excellent extreme pressure lubrication which provides wear protection under extremes of temperature and pressure and retains viscosity at high temperatures, ensuring effective sealing and optimum performance of the hammer. As a rule, the following consumption applies based on maximum air pressure of 350 psi (2400 kPa). Hole size (mm) Injection Rate / Volume (L/h) 92-127 1.5-2.5 190-215 2.5-3.0 215-222 3.0-3.5 NOTE: Efficient operation of all pneumatic tools depends on a supply of clean air at the rated pressure. An air filter should be installed in the line even though the tool itself will usually have its own filter. Advantages: Extreme pressure lubrication Excellent dispersion properties Protection against friction and wear High adhesion, film strength and lubrication Resists against rust and corrosion Washout resistance Increased productivity Operates over a wide temperature range Not classified as a hazardous in accordance to NOHSC criteria Limitation: N/A MUDLOGIC: P.91

HAMMER OIL Product Definition: Pneumatic Hammer Lubricant Description: HAMMER OIL is a super heavy-duty mineral oil-based rock drill and hammer lubricant supplied in ISO Viscosity Grades 320 and 460. It will significantly improve the lubrication and wear aspect of pneumatically driven DTH hammers. HAMMER OILS contain extreme pressure, anti-rust, anti-wear and anti-fogging additives to provide a high film strength oil to lubricate all moving surfaces and prevent hammer failure. General Application – Recommended Treatment HAMMER OIL is a high-pressure lubricant designed to reduce failure of drill bits due to the impact of humidity and high operating pressures that may contribute to causing failure. As a guide the following consumption rates applies based on maximum air pressure of 350 psi where hole conditions and air pressure will dictate the most suitable addition rates. Hole size (mm) Injection Rate / Volume (L/h) 92-127 1.5-2.5 190-215 2.5-3.0 215-222 3.0-3.5 NOTE: Efficient operation of all pneumatic tools depends on a supply of clean air at the rated pressure. An air filter should be installed in the line even though the tool itself will usually have its own filter. Advantages: Exceptional protection against friction and wear High adhesion, film strength and lubrication Excellent dispersion properties and washout resistance Resists against rust and corrosion Increased productivity Low to high temperature range Not classified as a hazardous accordance with NOHSC criteria Limitation: N/A MUDLOGIC: P.92

Greases MUDLOGIC: P.93

DD ROD GREASE XTA Product Definition: Drill Rod Grease / Lubricant Description: DD ROD GREASE XTA is a premium barium-based grease, formulated with advanced anti-wear technology built primarily for diamond drilling applications. It is developed as an external rod grease which combines extreme pressure and anti-wear characteristics to enhance rust and water washout protection. DD ROD GREASE XTA has demonstrated outstanding performance and most importantly possesses special enhanced adhesive components to resist throw-off and provide excellent lubrication between metal to metal and metal to strata contact points. General Application – Recommended Treatment DD ROD GREASE XTA is recommended for use with diamond drill rods and similar equipment utilized in rock drilling, as it forms a low friction protective layer between the drill rod and rock wall. It does not contain Zinc or other metal components and has a recommended operating range between -20 to 150° C. DD ROD GREASE XTA can endure higher temperatures for short periods or if the lubrication frequency is increased. The following application rates will apply to wet and dry holes. Application rates will vary and are dependent upon the conditions encountered. NQ hole application rate 1 - 3 kilograms per 100m HQ hole application rate 2 - 4 kilograms per 100m PQ hole application rate 3 - 5 kilograms per 100m Advantages: Lead, chlorite, nitrite and heavy metal free Resistant to water washout Reduced wear on rods Superior protection against rust & corrosion Excellent mechanical stability Low and high temperature performance Suitable for core drilling operations Ideal for deep direction drilling Limitation: Avoid overapplication, degreasing agents MUDLOGIC: P.94

LRG Product Definition: Biodegradable Liquid Rod Grease Description: LRG is a high performance environmentally acceptable rod grease in liquid form. LRG is designed for ease of use by simply pouring the grease into the rod line and pumping to the annulus where it will deposit a thin lubristic film over metal surfaces and formation lowering rotational torque and controlling excessive vibration. General Application – Recommended Treatment LRG is introduced on surface and slowly washed down the inside of the rods and into the annulus where it will layer and provide a protective lubricating coating over metal surfaces and formation. It can be used under normal drilling conditions or considered when there is partial or total loss of fluid. LRG can also be applied directly to the annulus when returns are lost, where it will work to reduce frictional drag and vibration. LRG is poured into the rod string prior to the inner tube being repositioned. LRG is added neat or diluted with water where the following are suggested rates of addition. Hole depth up to 500m 1 - 2 litres after each tube Hole depth up to 1500m 2 - 4 litres after each tube Hole depth over 1500m 4 - 8 litres after each tube The above are indications only, where application rates will vary as drilling parameters dictate. Advantages: Nontoxic and environmentally acceptable Easy application Protective coating over metal surfaces Prolongs rod life by reducing wear Improves core recovery and production Stable at temperature and high pressure Limitation: Avoid overapplication and degreasing agents. MUDLOGIC: P.95

SLICK & SLIDE Product Definition: Innertube Lubricant Description: SLICK & SLIDE is produced using linseed and canola oil and used primarily to lubricate the inner tube to assist the core's entry and smooth travel. It will promote longer runs through highly fractured broken formations while prolonging the life of the inner tube. SLICK & SLIDE will also facilitate easier core removal without leaving a stain. General Application – Recommended Treatment To provide a lubricating coating apply liberally over innertube surfaces or roll grease into a ball and position at the entry point of the inner tube, prior to lowering and pumping back to bottom. SLICK & SLIDE is totally natural being 100% biodegradable and non-toxic. The lubricating effect of SLICK & SLIDE can be enhanced by sprinkling a polymer, such as PAC R ULTRA or C.R.P, over the smeared surfaces or prior to inserting the ball of grease. Advantages: Good adhesive qualities Facilitates longer runs in fractured ground Improves productivity Prolongs wear of the inner tube and splits Environmentally acceptable Does not stain core Limitation: Avoid overapplication and degreasing agents. MUDLOGIC: P.96

ZN 50 Product Definition: Zinc Based Thread Grease Description: ZN50 is a high-performance heavy-duty zinc-based thread grease specially recommended for tool joints, drill collars, drill rod threads and bit connections. ZN50 contains 50% metallic zinc with H2S and oxidisation inhibitors. ZN50 is a No. 2 consistency grease containing corrosion inhibitors, tackifiers and anti-seize ingredients, formulated to prevent galling and able to resist high temperatures, water wash, fling off and wear. General Application – Recommended Treatment ZN50 is applied liberally and generously to the threaded sections of drill pipe, collar or bit and is normally applied with a brush, or suitable applicating tool. ZN50 will adhere with ease to the metal surfaces. Advantages: Good adhesive qualities Aids in reducing downhole make-up Corrosion and galling protection Variety of anti-seize applications Resistant to water wash and fling-off Effective in harsh acid, alkaline and salt environments Long storage life Limitation: N/A MUDLOGIC: P.97

Instructions MUDLOGIC: P.98

INSTRUCTIONS MARSH FUNNEL AND CUP (VISCOSITY) INSTRUCTIONS The Marsh Funnel is a rugged easy to operate instrument for rapid, on the spot measurements of drilling mud viscosity. The rate of gelation and the density of the slurry considerably influences the viscosity measurement. Frequent reporting of the funnel viscosity makes it possible for mud engineers to observe sudden changes in the slurry viscosity and to take corrective action when necessary. Funnel viscosity is the ratio of the speed of the slurry as it passes through the outlet tube (shear rate) to the force (weight of the slurry) causing the slurry to flow (shear stress). Funnel viscosity is reported as the seconds required for one quart of slurry to flow out a full funnel. EQUIPMENT Marsh Funnel Measuring Cup (graduated) Stopwatch The Marsh Funnel is precision made to outflow one quart of water in 26 ± 0.5 seconds. PROCEDURE The Marsh funnel should be clean and dry before performing this procedure. 1. Collect a fresh slurry sample. 2. Hold the funnel erect with a finger over the outlet tube and pour the slurry into the funnel through the screen until the slurry level reaches the bottom of the screen. (The screen will filter out the larger particles that could clog the outlet tube.) When the funnel is filled to the proper level, it holds more than one quart of slurry. 3. Quickly remove your finger from the outlet tube, and at the same time, begin timing the slurry outflow. 4. Allow one quart (946 ml) of slurry to flow from the Marsh funnel into a measuring container. 5. Record the seconds it takes for the quart of slurry to flow from the funnel. Report this value as the Marsh funnel viscosity. MUDLOGIC: P.99