IMPACT_June2016

June’16 1 impactjournal.in

2 IMPACT With Greetings from IMPACT It is indeed very queer that the society –any society for that matter- has several years! Yes Calendar year starting on January first, Financial year commencing on April first, Academic year ushering in any day in the course of June, personal year making its entry on any day depending on the month of birth!!!! EDITORIAL TEAM The month of JUNE has stepped in and the schools and N V Subbaraman colleges are being opened. Children are hurrying to school “Kalki” V Murali with the big load of books and note books in dozens if not in Dr M G Bhaskar scores, new uniform, new school bag, tiffin box, water bottles and so on! Poor parents are readying to regularly attending to home work on behalf of their children!!!! EXPERT ADVISORY BOARD Dr.R.RANGARAJAN, Professor, Just now parents are taking a little rest after completing Dept.of Commerce, the Vacation Assignment(!!!!!!) of writing English poems on University of Madras behalf of their wards in 4th, 5th 6th standards- elementary classes; of preparing Reviews of Books by RL Stevenson, or Dr.R.Krishnaveni, Assistant Professor, Agatha Christie for their wards in 6th or 7th standards! Department of English, LRG Government Arts College for Women, Tirupur It is sickening indeed to see the children made to copy, or beg their elders to write or very clear plagiarisms by resorting to GOOGLE GURU and adopting the copy-paste technique! Our educational system needs to be revamped thoroughly by the competent authorities that will enhance the thinking capacity of the young to perceive, prepare and present, power of imagination etc. – all to be trained at the class room Designed by and not at homes as home work! SRIKANTH [email protected] We have to create a society of informed and responsible citizens right from the younger days. School- college education should aim at providing / improving knowledge and lead to wisdom. A set of dedicated, devoted All opinions expressed in the articles appearing in the e-journal IMPACT, are and duty conscious teaching force alone can accomplish this. that of the respective authors and the IMPACT wishes all concerned a great and glorious academic Publisher or Editor of IMPACT cannot be year ahead! held responsible/liable in any manner - Editorial Team whatsoever for any claims and/or damages. impactjournal.in

June’16 3 3 INSIDE IMPACT Management In Valluvam Energy – N V Subbaraman..........................................................................................................................4 Office Stress Are We Burning Ourselves? – P Karthikeyan..............................................................................................................................7 Health Management – Lion M Desikan.........................................................................................................................10 Creativity As Basic Criteria For Suggestion Scheme – Jayaprakash B Zinde................................................................................................................13 Book Review – The Secret Letters of the Monk who sold his Ferrari By ROBIN SHARMA – R Venugopal..............................................................................................................................16 How To Enhance Your Self Management Skills By Improved Emotional Intelligence – Dr. Gowri Ramachandran........................................................................................................18 Employers’ Health And Safety Responsibilities – Dr K Balasubramanian............................................................................................................21 Insurance Management In India...............................................................................................23 Humor.............................................................................................................................................25 History Of Education In The Indian Subcontinent...............................................................26 impactjournal.in

4 IMPACT MANAGEMENT IN VALLUVAM EDUCATION - fy;tp A bilingual poet, writer, trainer, translator, thinker and speaker from Chennai, Mr Subbaraman has written 36 books. His paper, “Valluvam Inspired Mahatma Gandhi,” was approved for presentation in the International Tirukkural Conference held in Washington, USA. His translated works include Thirukkural, Bharathiyar’s Kuyilpattu and Ramana Maharishi’s Aksharamanamalai. He is connected with the publication of the Management e-journal IMPACT. He was formerly the Deputy Zonal Manager, L I C of India. We have been dealing with the subject right The books that are worth learning must be from the first issue of IMPACT. From the oral learnt thoroughly without flaws and one has feedback that we receive, we observe that to live according to what has been learnt. this serial is quite interesting and hence we draw inspiration to continue as long as Learning / reading books must be flawless possible. and the purpose of learning is to follow them in our day-to-day life that will lead us to a As pointed in our Editorial this month marks life of nobility and virtues. the beginning of the current academic year – a very important year to play a big role in the vz;nzd;g Vid vOj;njd;g ,t;tpuz;Lk; individual’s and the society’s future. fz;nzd;g thOk; caph;f;F (Fws; 392) ENenba aenai ezuththuenba ivviraNdum We thought it is worthwhile to know the KaNenba vaazum uyirkku. views of Thiruvalluvar in the realm of EDUCATION – called fy;tp in Tamil. Out of Number and letter the 1330 couplets, the Saint Poet devotes Science and art of life are eyes TEN on Education. That makes life better! (KuraL 392) Chapter - mjpfhuk; 40 Scientific subjects based on numbers, and fw;f frlwf; fw;git fw;wgpd; arts subjects based on letters are like two epw;f mjw;Fj; jf (Fws; 391) eyes of the people. Karkka kasadarak karka katravai katrapin Nirkka adharkkuth thaka. For a good life and living knowledge of both science and arts is quite essential and hence Learn worth learning all to be studied carefully. After having learnt flawless Live by what learnt tall. (KuraL 391) fz;Zilah; vd;gth; fw;Nwhh; Kfj;jpuz;L Gz;Zilah; fy;yh jth;; (Fws; 393) impactjournal.in

June’16 5 KaNNudaiyar enbavar katroar mugaththu iraNdu for help with respect, the student / learner PuNudaiyar kallaa dhavar. must stand before his teacher / preceptor and learn with respect and reverence. Eyes adorn the learned For the unread eyes are sores Here respect for the teacher is emphasized Learning is sacred! (KuraL 393) for the student to follow as he wishes to learn. Only those who are learned can be deemed to njhl;lidj; J}Wk; kzw;Nfzp khe;jh;f;Ff; be having eyes. Those who are not are having fw;widj; J}Wk; mwpT (Fws; 396) only two sores. Thottanaiththu oorum maNarkaeNi maandharkkuk Katranaiththu oorum arivu. Importance of learning is so emphasized here that only those who are read and learned Dug deep water flows are to be deemed as the people having eyes; Knowledge soars as one learns more those who are not learned are deemed to Sure the learned grows! (KuraL 396) have only two sores on their face. Water will come as deep as we dig the well; ctg;gj; jiyf;$b cs;sg; gphpjy; similarly knowledge will accrue as much as midj;Nj Gyth; njhopy; (Fws; 394) we learn from our teacher. Uvappath thalaikoodi uLLappiridhal Anaiththae pulavar thozil. The more we learn more we develop our knowledge just as we get more and more The educated water as we dig the well deeper and deeper. Love the learned, make at home Leave lasting imprints! (KuraL 394) ahjhDk; ehlhkhy; Cuhkhy; vd;ndhUtd; rhe;JizAq; fy;yhj thW (Fws; 397) The educated love the learned persons and Yaadhaanum naadaamaal ooraamaal enoruvan make them feel quite sad when they leave SaandhuNaiyum kallaadha vaaru. them. For the learned, world cilahh;Kd; ,y;yhh;Nghy; Vf;fw;Wq; fw;whh; Is his, and people are his filaNu fy;yh jth; (Fws; 395) Why not one learn bold! (KuraL 397) Udaiyaarmun illaarpoal aekkatrum katraar Kadaiyarae kallaa dhavar. For the people who are learned well, all the places and the people are his own and all Like poor before rich respect them. While so, why one should not Learner stands low and learns remain bold and learn during his life time like The learned make a niche! (KuraL 395) others. As the poor stand in front of the rich and ask Yes there is no age to learn; one should impactjournal.in

6 IMPACT be bold to learn at any point of time as the The one wealth that does not get reduced or learned are respected everywhere and by all. disappear and continues to be with the one is what he has learnt; all other material wealth xUikf;fz; jhq;fw;w fy;tp xUtw;F are likely to be lost. vOikAk; Vkhg; Gilj;J (Fws; 398) OrumaikkaN thaankatra kalvi oruvarkku No material wealth can match with the wealth Ezumaiyum aemaappu udaiththu. of knowledge that one has acquired. That is permanent and the others are likely to be lost Learning in this life on the course. Gets joy and prosperity For lives seven in file! (Kural 398) Thus friends, Thiruvalluvar in his magnum opus explains the greatness of knowledge The greatness one gets out of learning in acquired through learning / reading. Let us this life will stand in good stead for seven ponder over these aspects in this first month forthcoming Lives also. of the academic year and make our wards Greatness that the learned gets in this life will aware of its greatness and make them learn be inherited and continue to fetch greatness in its pure sense. in another seven lives to come. jhkpd; GWtJ cyfpd; Gwf;fz;L fhKWth; fw;wwpe; jhh; (Fws; 399) Thaamin buruvadhu ulakuin burakkaNdu Kaamuruvar katarin dhaar The learned love more To learn and spread to the world As they enjoy lore! (Kural 399) Realizing that what one has learnt gives joy and happiness not only to him but also to the others, will love to learn more and more. Nfby; tpOr;nry;tk; fy;tp nahUtw;F khly;y kw;iw ait (Fws; 400) Kaedu il vizuchchelvam kalvi oruvarkku Maadu alla matrai yavai. Learning - flawless wealth Imperishable and lasts Others cannot match! (Kural 400) impactjournal.in

June’16 7 OFFICE STRESS ARE WE BURNING OURSELVES? Mr.P Karthikeyan, Assistant Manager-HR, William Hare India Pvt Ltd has got more than 10 Years of experience in HR domain handling critical HR assignments like Talent Management, Employee Engagement, Performance Management, Rewards and Recognition, Career planning and training. He was awarded as “HR PROCESS CHAMPION” by India’s Best Place to Work Institute of the top 10 HRs selected across India. He is a soft skill trainer and had trained students of MSME (Govt. of India) as visiting faculty. This article is for my little I went to his home second > Is your job more important known friend who lived (past time a week later after his than your life? tense) 2 streets away, whom demise and heard from his I used to exchange smiles wife that he was stressed NO….NO….and a big NO in during my early morning continuously for past 3 all means, all times. ‘Work jogging. He worked for one months due to heavy office Life Balance’ is nullified of the top IT companies in pressure. It provoked me when life’s balance is lost India and is a lean build to ask few questions to to your work? Corporates guy around 30 years of age. ourselves: can claim it as inability to He is married and has one handle situations and targets. cute little daughter, owns a > Is your target more But the point to observe is Honda City car parked in his important than your health? who decides one’s ability. newly constructed house but > Is your increment more Is it not same as expecting missing it’s owner to drive. He important than your smiles? every school kid to be a passed away due to cardiac > Is your boss more important class topper. Here, Is there a arrest this May 2016. than your family? problem with ability of the impactjournal.in

8 IMPACT increment. Many companies and bosses wish to choose their ‘doer’ all times and the mediocres sail in the system being accepted as mediocres. On the other side a boss with bunch of mediocres has to do major chunk of team’s job individual or on the person who ungraciously expecting Everyone who is a CEO on his own which leads to a everyone to be same? Are we today hasn’t reached that slipped ‘Work Life Balance’. not overloading individuals spot overnight. But it’s the Things get worse if you are beyond their capability in effort and time invested by not recognised or rewarded the name of efficiency, cost, them to upskill themselves even after investing whole revenue and optimization? has offered them that top hearted effort and hard work. opportunity. There can be Then,unknowingly you may My 10 years in HR has taught only 2 reasons why a person open the door to meet your me one big lesson ‘No can’t do any job and they are : toxic friend ‘stress’. resource is a waste resource If you are in the top 20%, if we know the art of placing 1) Don’t know how to do (KSA learn to say ‘No’ to extra right people at right jobs’. -Knowledge, Skill & ability jobs overloaded on you and This is why companies like issue) unrealistic targets imposed Google stand out from the 2) Don’t want to do (Morale, on you with a valid reason. rest. Because they hire the attitude and psychomotor Discuss and agree on your best who can choose to work factors) boundaries, deliverables, on their own ideas, in their limitations and time frame own way (real meaning of Most of the cases it’s point clearly with your boss as per freedom @ work) to achieve No:1 causes you stress. So it’s your capability. the common objective of better to know what you want profit making. to do. I fear that you may be labelled that you have developed an ‘attitude’ and be called I have arrived at 4Ds to avoid Learn to say ‘NO’ - (Deny): and handle office stress: Pareto’s theory says 80% as person unwilling to take of our results come from initiatives or carry additional Equip yourselves - (Develop): 20% of your people. I responsibilities if you start “Stress, anger and anxiety is often see and hear that the saying ‘NO’. I swear the same an outcome of your inability to difference between the questions won’t be posted on handle people or a situation” best and mediocre is just a mediocres, because they are -Yogic guru Mr.Sadhguru few thousand differences in accepted. So learn to say ‘NO’ at times. impactjournal.in

June’16 9 There is a life waits outside your HMT watches became your job - (Detach): ‘Job is just a part of your Life Tag heuer. 30 years back everybody and the job itself is not your went to work just to earn their life’ Come on guys, take a break bread and butter.But today we ,be back to your roots and want fancy bike within first Follow your Passion - spare time for yourself and year of joining a company, (Deviate): only for yourself.Let all your a girlfriend in the second Do you know why these Designations, pay checks, year, Promotion with good days picnic spots, malls, bank balances,car,power and increment in the third year or multiplexes, restaurants are your Ego get off your skin. find a better company willing flocked by people. Because Read the book you like,Listen to pay that increment, Onsite both our mind and money to songs you like,play the trip in the fourth year,Car in wants an outlet for itself. sport you like,pray the God the fifth year,Flat in the sixth In the pursuit of wealth you like,meet a friend you year, gorgeous wife in the generation we have lost our like,visit a place you like. seventh year, Manager title in real interests or passion. Read the last sentence again, the eighth year and the wish ‘Like’ is the key word not the list goes on…. Remember those days? book or God or sport or the You played guitar, played place or the friend. I agree that the purpose of unlimited street cricket, the working hard in a job is to time everyone assembled The more we become wealthy have a harmonious luxurious for a family dinner, 25 Hrs of and powerful we become ,we life for yourself and your chats you had with friends add more fuel called ‘I’ to our dependants.But we aren’t or at least being a dumb guy ego and character. realising that all that what who whistled from last row we wish to have before our of your college auditorium “I” is the smallest letter in thirties is what our dad had to impress your girl. Do you the dictionary; Don’t make achieved in his life time know what had taken these it the biggest word in your with mere Rs.2,000 monthly away from you ,Yes it’s the vocabulary. increment. word ‘I’. Every thing in this world has My little known friend who time and everyone has their Your funky checked passed away, must have own pace to reach their goals. colour shirts changed to realized during his last Understand your pace and plain Blue,grey or white moments that he has no capability.Otherwise peer shirts,Coloured Long hair second chance. So: pressure involuntarily pushes changed to short and “Don’t be dead serious about you to the mad race of making trimmed one, Local brand your job, it’s just a play in money as your only objective beer changed to elite red your life; of life and being materialistic. wine,unplanned bike rides Learn to play it sincerely and So: became planned holidays, more importantly happily”. impactjournal.in

10 IMPACT Lion M. DESIKAN is a former HEALTH District Chairman and Life Member, Lions Club International, MANAGEMENT District 324A. He is a social activist and literary lover. DIABATES AND THE EYE; of diabetes , the greater dye through the arm into Diabetes Mellitus occurs the incidence of diabetic the bloodstream. So the because of lack of insulin or retinopathy. Blindness due dye is carried into the eye, due to the pressure of factors to this is a major cause of photographs of the retina that oppose the action of irreversible blindness in old are taken showing areas of insulin. age. leakage Of poor blood flow. The end result is an The pathological changes IN Laser photocoagulation is the increase in the blood DIABETES LEAD TO LACK OF mainstay in the management glucose concentration BLOOD SUPPLY or ISCHEMIA of diabetic retinopathy in (hyperglycaemia) OF THE RETINA AND PHYPOXIA stage two and three. Ocular problems in diabetes (lack of oxygen) or retinal Laser is used to seal usually affect people who tissues. Long –standing or obliterate abnormal have longstanding and hypoxia leads to formation leaky blood vessels. Laser uncontrolled diabetes of new blood vessels . These treatment to the retina at the mellitus,. The common are fragile and bleed easily. appropriate time prevents complications are cataract Excessive bleeding in the eye blindness in majority of and diabetic retinopathy. leads to vitreous hemorrhage patients. and loss of vision. Cataract usually occurs at Advanced diabetic eye about 60 years of age but in There are four stages in disease comprising vitreous diabetes, it could appear at a diabetic retinopathy. Back hemorrhage and tractional much younger age. Cataract ground: pre proliferative, Retinal detachment requires is removed surgically proliferative and advanced. surgical intervention and by a technique called endo laser photocoagulation. PHACOEMULSIFICATION A special photographic Hence the ocular with inter ocular lens process is very helpful in complications of diabetes implantation. detecting early effects of can be prevented by control diabetic retinopathy. of diabetes by medication Diabetic retinopathy and diet, control of associated is essentially a disease This is known as Fundus disorders like hypertension process, which affects the Flourescein Angiograph and anemia; and regular eye blood vessels of the retina. (FFA). check ups and immediate The longer the duration This involves injecting a treatment of the problem impactjournal.in

June’16 11 Snoring Weight loss is the single compared with the mouth. 40% of couples in the country most effective way to reduce Abnormalities in the facial preferred to sleep separately snoring. Men are more likely bones. at nights. Prominent among to snore than women. the reasons behind this PREVENTION AND CARE; ‘SLEEP DIVORCE’ was Children with chronic Get enough sleep. SNORING and the trend seems snoring have been linked to Avoid alcohol or snacks at to be catching up across the growth problems, learning leat 4 hours before you sleep. country and as well in west. difficulties, bedwetting, and Avoid sedatives and high blood pressure. Snoring antihistamines at bedtime. SNORING is defined as generally get worse with age. Sleep on your side. the loud, hoarse, or harsh Tilt the head of your bed up breathing sound that occurs CAUSES; 4 inches. during sleep. A long soft palate and a long UVULA (the dangling Maintain a healthy weight. It is caused by the physical tissue in the back side of The Exercise regularly. obstruction of the flow of air mouth) which can narrow the Avoid dehydration. through the mouth and nose opening from the nose to the Eat a balanced diet. as you progress from light throat partially blocking the Treat allergy symptoms. sleep to deep sleep. airway. Keep regular sleeping pattern. It occurs when the muscles Obstructed airways. in the roof of the mouth (soft Nasal allergy. DETERMINE YOUR PROTEIN palate), tongue and throat Sinus infection. NEED relax, and they subsequently Divide your body weight by partially block the airway and Deviated septum (the wall 2.2.and this is your weight vibrate. that separates one nostril in Kgs. Then multiply this by from the other). 0.8. Here is an example SNORING is a common Nasal polyps. Poor muscle condition that affects men tone in the throat and For a 120 pounds person: and women of all ages, tongue, which causes them 1120/2.2 = 54.5kgs X though it is more common in to collapse and fall back into 0.8=43.6 gms. men and in people who are the lower airway. overweight. This person needs 44 gms. of Being overweight. Protein every day. Although it is considered to Alcohol consumption before be a mild disorder, it can bedtime, Sleeping on the LUNG CANCER denote a serious underlying back (it increases gravity Those who had Lung Cancer medical condition. effect). surgery in the summer, and had A tongue that as large high levels of Vitamin D (the impactjournal.in

12 IMPACT OSTEOPOROSIS by Choose whole food for increasing calcium snacks, especially nuts, they loss. are a good source of protein, To compensate add 2 magnesium and vitamin B Tbsp. of low fat milk and E. Plus they contain heat- to your coffee. healthy mono-unsaturated fats that lower heart disease NON-FAT LATTE risk by whopping 35%. A no-fat Latte weighs sun shineVitamin) through in about 120 calories. The BLOOD VESSEL diet and supplements, were non-fat Latte is easy on your INFLAMMATION more than twice likely to be waterline, plus it packs about Blood vessel inflation caused alive 5 years later. 300 mg of calcium. by creactive protein is now The RDA for vitamin D is known as a strong marker 400 mg. PEANUT BUTTER for heart disease. Eat anti- Many National Brands of inflammatory food, such as HOW TO GET ENOUGH PROTEIN IN DIET peanut are loaded with walnuts. They are high in It is easy to get enough sugar to taste your sweet alpha-linolenic acid and have tooth. They also contain the been proven to lower “Bad” protein in your daily diet. number of villain of the food cholesterol and decrease Only 15 to 20% of the day’s additives, HYDROGENATED inflammation. calories should come from OIL. It keeps the peanut protein. In fact more people butter from separating SICK FROM SWINMNING get too much protein .Eating .Choose brands that are free POOLS excessive protein puts stress of sugar and transfats. CHILDREN can pick up on the kidneys to filter out the rwis (recreational water waste from the breakdown of ICE BERG AND ROMAINE illness). Even from well- protein. LETTUCE maintained pools. Illness ROMAINE LECTTUCE has includes Diarrhea, skin, ear, HEALTH MYTH Chocolate in large amounts twice the fiber, B vitamins or respiratory infection. and folate of iceberg lettuce. offers the time and may Plus it contains more calcium, ESCAPE FALLS affect insulin resistance and potassium and trace minerals. Instal grab in bathrooms, on promote weight gain, but it It has 7 times the vitamin C stairs and around slippery does not cause ACNE. That is and 18 times vitamin A. It has surfaces. a Health Myth. more lutein. Monitor medications DRIKING COFFEE- lose calcium SNACK FOOD that causes dizziness or Caffene may contribute to Pretzels and other low fat drowsiness. Use stable step foods are also low in nutrients. stools with atop handrail. impactjournal.in

June’16 13 CREATIVITY AS Jayprakash B Zende, Consultant, employee involvement BASIC CRITERIA FOR schemes and a freelance trainer. SUGGESTION SCHEME Men and women are thinking useful way’. All individuals are creative in beings. In fact it is this diverse ways and to different thinking human characteristic An Overview degrees. The nature of of human race that makes all Creativity is an arbitrary creativity remains the same of us unique and different harmony, an expected whether one is producing from the rest of the animal astonishment, a habitual a new game or symphony. kingdom. Animals are guided revelation, a familiar surprise, Creativity is within the realm by the natural instincts to a generous selfishness, an of each individual depending live and enjoy their life unexpected certainty, a upon the area of expression where as human beings formable stubbornness, a and capacity of the individual. are blessed with Creativity, vital triviality, a disciplined which has added meaning freedom, an intoxicating If you look at this trait and enjoyment to human life. steadiness, a repeated very closely, broadly initiation, a difficult delight, we can conclude that What is CREATIVITY? a predictable gamble, an Creativity is independent of Definition ephemeral solidity, a unifying Individual’s age, educational 1. “Creativity is the process of difference, a demanding qualifications and change, of development, of satisfier, a miraculous experience. The individuals evolution, in the organisation expectation, an accustomed working for organisations of subjective life” amazement. differ only in age, educational -By Breawster Gniselin. qualifications and experience. Comments Hence, we can comfortably 2. During the creative act man Creativity is born in the conclude that each and every manipulates external symbols minds of those who look at one of us possesses the trait or objects to produce unusual the world with their own of Creativity. events uncommon to himself eyes. It springs from being and / or his environment’ dissatisfied with what exists. We accept this fact and an -By Louis A Flienger. It comes out of a mind that important question comes is constantly curious about in our mind that ‘Why 3. Perhaps the simplest what is happening within everybody’s creativity is not definition of Creativity comes and beyond its surroundings. seen on day to day basis.? from Mr. Herbert Fox as ‘the Creativity is unique and The answer to this question Creativity process is any highest expression of an is that, in normal working of thinking process which solves individual mind. any organisation, everyone a problem in an original and does not get an opportunity impactjournal.in

14 IMPACT to show his / her creativity. of improvement. Problems of If Creativity is so important, There is no system through maintenance are those, which why is it so difficult in an which everyone is provided appear in the processes that organisation to get people with such opportunity to have run smoothly prior to to think and improve their show his / her creativity. some discrepancy. Problem performance? Most of us all Suggestion Scheme is a very of improvement occurs if too seldom really unlash the powerful media through the status quo becomes creative power of our minds which such opportunity is unsatisfactory and need to be to solve many problems provided to each and every taken to an improved level. we normally face. Why do person in an organisation to Obviously problem solving employees shy away from express and enjoy his / her leads to an improvement in using their creativity? creativity. all processes and continuous problem solving leads to Creativity needs to Finding new approaches continuous improvement. be encouraged. Top to old problems, finding Management, Managers, new ways to cope-up with Here individuals’ creativity Supervisors and other new problems, foreseeing helps to look at problems managerial personnel all problems, being capable little differently with an play a key role in generating of adapting quickly to new intention to solve these the climate for creative development are a few problems or overcome the thinking in their organisation. incidences of ‘Professional difficulties. For exploring If everyone is encouraged, Creativity’ the tremendous knowledge there is bound to be a great and technology available blossoming of creative ideas. A live mind, a receptive mind, a around us, use of collective thinking mind can all be great wisdom is necessary for Organisation needs to assets to an organisation. solving problems, which we establish and let people Most of the problems that face. Suggestion Scheme is a know about an open door must be solved need co- powerful platform to achieve policy to new ideas. People operation, understanding this by using untapped need to be encouraged to and use of collective wisdom. creativity of the employees. think freely. Even though creativity is a natural process, Problem Solving and Suggestion scheme gives all organisations can help Creativity: individuals a means whereby people to look around and I think it will be interesting to they can contribute, be come up with new ideas. define what is a problem? A measured and recognised for problem can be defined as a their personal contribution The role of Suggestion gap between ideal, desirable to improvements by Scheme and actual situation. solving problems either of The Suggestion Scheme Problems are of two types, maintenance or improvement. is a channel for employee one of maintenance and other initiative, innovation and impactjournal.in

June’16 15 creativity, has a great their creative abilities. This improvements through role to play in making an includes training people creative ideas from organisation viable and to become accomplished employees. successful in the present at making suggestions. economic environment. It is Employees are trained on 4. Improving industrial established that excellence how to collect data and relations through employee’s achieved by the organisation write suggestions that can participation by giving is directly proportional to be readily accepted and him an opportunity for self the employee participation implemented. Good schemes expression and increasing in Suggestion Scheme. should create an environment sense of belonging to the Sustained participation in which every person in an organisation. of employees helps organisation is participating organisations in its difficult in the Suggestion Scheme. CONCLUSION days. A highly participative Looking at the importance organisation is a breeding of Creativity, environment ground for innovation and required for obtaining creativity. employees creativity and the objectives of typical Innovation through Suggestion Schemes we Suggestion is an “Important can comfortably conclude resource” similar to money, that ‘Suggestion Scheme’ machine and material. The provides a good common future of any organisation platform where employers depends on value added by and employees jointly work its members to its products together in harnessing and services through creative Objectives of a Suggestion the untapped creativity of suggestions. Scheme could be: individuals by channeling 1. Providing a well-defined unused potential and talent Suggestion Scheme should procedure for receiving and within the organisation and not be a passive system that evaluating employee’s ideas. giving opportunity to people waits for Suggestions from to think and improve their employees, but should be an 2. Creating a climate for work on continuous basis active system that educates, bringing out the creativity of and generate important by- promotes, and mobilises an individual by generating produce like better quality, employees to generate and surfacing ideas and safely, employee morale suggestions. Suggestion recognise it through suitable and harmonious industrial System must build in rewards. relations for mutual employees a habit of looking upliftment. at their day-to-day activities 3. Achieving cost reduction for improvements by using and productivity impactjournal.in

16 IMPACT BOOK REVIEW Mr. Venugopal has served in LIC of India from 1968 to 2006 for 38 years and retired as an Executive Director. Then he served as the Professor of life insurance at the National Insurance Academy Pune for nearly 3 years. Now settled down at Bengaluru. He is a member of the Syllabus Committee for the MSc- Actuarial Science course at the Christ University as well as one of their guest faculty. He is one of the editorial consultants for the Insurance World magazine. The SecreT LeTTerS of The Monk who SoLd hiS ferrari By roBin SharMa his book has been wife and a darling son, who Tpublished by Jaico misses Jonathan sorely. Publishing House, India. Robin Sharma’s This is a simple story characteristic mark is felt of one Mr. Jonathan in the pace of this short who goes to different story as well as in the countries to collect a few description of important letters with talismans, places in the countries as directed by one of his visited by Jonathan. But the friends Mr. Julian, with real enjoyment in this small an apparent purpose of Mexico and Spain and meets book- 132 pages- lies in his saving the life of someone, different kinds of people Pearls of Wisdom and Life’s who is very close to Mr. from whom he collects the Lessons, which leave you Jonathan. But in the end, it letters and talismans. From enchanted as they are the turns out to be his own life each one’s way of life, he Truths of Every one’s Life. from total disaster. learns some lessons of Life Mr. Jonathan visits a few which ultimately help him Life’s Lessons countries like China, Japan, solve his own problems of a Authenticity- Be True to Barcelona, India, Paris, broken family, a separated Yourself, as you can always impactjournal.in

June’16 17 cheat others but not your they are too old to do anything own self. Always ask children when about it. We all have a wealth they return home from of simple blessings around Embrace your Fears in a games “Did you have fun?” us- waiting to be counted. As positive way, not whining and Never ask “Did you win?” Fun we do, our happiness grows, complaining all the time. This is more important for a child our gratitude expands and will enable you to overcome than a Win. each day becomes a breath- your fears. taking gift. Real Fulfillment is a product Live with Kindness. Being in of the value we create and the Every single one of us is front of another human every contribution we make, not of here for a reason, a special moment is an opportunity to the car we drive or the house purpose and a mission. Yes, express our highest values we buy.Self-worth is more build a beautiful life for and to influence someone important than net-worth. yourself and those you love. with our Humanity. We can Become successful on your make the world better, but The purpose of Life is to Love. own terms, rather than on one at a time. How well you live comes those suggested to you by down to how much you love. society. Be of service to as The way you relate to others The Heart is wiser than the many people as possible. reveals the way you relate to Head. So Honor it, Trust it and yourself. Be Kind to yourself Follow it. A Memorable book, a ‘Must’ first. How we treat someone for all defines how we treat The way we do small things everyone including ourselves. determines the way that we There is an appreciation for If we disrespect another we do every other thing. If we this book from no less than disrespect ourselves. execute minor tasks well, we Mr. Paulo Coelho, author of will also excel at our larger The Alchemist. This book Why is it that we often allow efforts. helps people all over the ourselves to treat our own world live great lives. family members in ways we There is no insignificant work This book is another master would not treat our friends or in the world. All labor is a piece of Robin Sharma, even those we do not know? chance to express personal besides his other best sellers May be, we assume that talents, to create our art and like The Monk who sold his we can take that our family to realize the genius we are Ferrari, Who will cry when members would forgive us! gifted with. you die? and The Leader who had no title. We should spend more time Life’s simplest pleasures are with people who inspire and Life’s greatest joys. Most Robin Sharma’s secret letters energize us, because they people do not discover what are Life’s open lessons for elevate and uplift us. is most important in life until living a care-free, full life. impactjournal.in

18 IMPACT HOW TO ENHANCE YOUR SELF MANAGEMENT SKILLS BY IMPROVED EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE Dr.Gowri Ramachandran M.com, MBA, M.Phil, PGDFM, Ph.D, MCIArb( UK ) Certified Master NLP Practitioner, Consultant- Eco & Business Analysis, Hindustan Chamber of Commerce, Visiting Faculty- For Business Schools & CA program Ex- Southern Regional Manager - Finance RITES ( Min Of Railways) motional intelligence is What does EQ have to do So, what does it mean to be Ethe ability to identify and with managing change? emotionally intelligent? manage your own emotions Popularised by Daniel and the emotions of others. It Everything! Goleman in 1995 the theory is generally said to include 3 emphasises the importance skills: If you can create awareness of awareness, control and of the way you respond to life management of our emotions 1. Emotional awareness, events, such as change, and and the emotions of other including the ability to manage your response to the people. identify your own emotions event you are well on your and those of others; way to effectively managing These skills are recognised change. as central to success in 2. The ability to harness leadership and to your ability emotions and apply them It is not what happens that to manage life’s curve balls - to tasks like thinking and matters but how you respond often defined as change. problems solving; to it that really counts. Being emotionally intelligent 3. The ability to manage EQ gives you the ability to includes the following emotions, including the distinguish between the abilities: ability to regulate your own event that happens, and the emotions, and the ability way you respond to it. Simply • Self-awareness:The ability to cheer up or calm down being aware of your response to recognise and understand another person. means you can make changes feelings and emotion, and that benefit you. • The ability to understand Do not think of emotional your responses to situations intelligence as just another Being emotionally intelligent and other people’s actions. theory. The skills are practical is the underlying structure - • Self-Management: The and are the basic ingredients the scaffolding - that supports ability to choose how we of effective leadership and effective responses to events, think, how we feel, the actions personal resilience to change. people...and change. we take, and to motivate impactjournal.in

June’16 19 ourselves; also known as self-regulation. • Social Awareness: The ability to recognise and understand the feelings and emotions of others. This includes skills in empathy. • Relationship Management: The ability to express your emotions and to communicate effectively. These skills can be learned, and used well can help you manage change and achieve psychology in 1995 when you hired, but EQ gets you success in life. Daniel Goleman published promoted. The benefits of “Emotional Intelligence: being emotionally intelligent You can even take an EQ test Why It Can Matter More contribute to personal to discover your strengths and Than IQ”. Soon after this success in business and all areas requiring development. Time Magazine published an other spheres of life. article on the subject as well. Why do people refer to These two events brought EQ The development of Emotional Intelligence as firmly into the public arena. leadership in all areas of “EQ”? Research has produced life, but particularly in “EQ” refers more specifically useful theory and concepts business, is an important to the term “Emotional on which the practice of EQ is benefit of EQ. The ability to Quotient”, but both EQ and built. These include: manage personal responses EI are used interchangeably • Multiple intelligences to change and to build to refer to Emotional •Interpersonal resilience to change are Intelligence. communication vital in ensuring leader and • Emotional quotient manager effectiveness. Your Emotional Quotient, • Emotional development or EQ, is a measure of your • Social intelligence, and How does EQ help to manage emotional intelligence, • Emotional resilience. change? just as IQ, or Intelligence Change often involves a shift Quotient, is a measure of your Benefits of EQ away from the safety of our intellectual intelligence. Time magazine notes that, comfort zone. in the corporate world, Is not EQ just pop psychology? personnel executives hold As humans we enjoy routine, EQ entered popular the opinion that IQ gets but can be thrown when this impactjournal.in

20 IMPACT routine is threatened and we workplace Performance” HBR May 2007 need to change. This is true • by effectively managing Covey, S. (1989) The 7 at work and in our personal resistance to change. Habits of Highly Effective lives. People, Utah: Franklin Covey The competency of self- Publishing In the workplace and in management has six different Gallup Report: “What our personal lives being skill attributes: Separates Great Managers emotionally intelligent is from the Rest,” May 12, 2015 an essential component to Self-control, trustworthiness, Galluphttp:// building resilience for mental conscientiousness, www.gallup.com/ health and successfully adaptability, achievement businessjournal/183098/ managing change. orientation and initiative. report-separates-great- mana... Emotionally intelligent Now that we know how Gallup Company, Gallup leaders and managers are also to enhance our skills by Management Journal, gallup. able to help others manage improving emotional com/consulting difficult change. intelligence, let us make a Luckner, JLL in Nadler, R. whirl of change within us and (2011) in Leading with EQ contributes to effective around us. Emotional Intelligence: change management: Strategies for Building • by developing emotional Reference: Confidant and Collaborative maturity http://www.change- Star Performers NY: McGraw- • by increasing social management-coach.com Hill intelligence https://www. Nelson, B (2012) 1501 Ways • as a tool to avoid or psychologytoday.com to Reward Employees, NY: manage relationship http://bookboon.com/ Workman Publishing problems blog/2012 Tanzi, R. (2016) Super Genes • by improving interpersonal Amabile, T and Steven and Personal communication, communication Kramer, (2007) Inner Leadership Development • by helping to manage Work Life: Understanding News, AZ: Voice America emotions the Subtext of Business • as a method of coping with stress • by influencing leadership styles • by helping leaders make business decisions about change • by supporting managers, supervisors and staff in the impactjournal.in

June’16 21 EMPLOYERS’ HEALTH AND SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES Dr. K. Balasubramanian – Founder and CEO of Vision Unlimited. He is a PhD in Psychology and Post Graduate Diploma in Training and Development. His name has been appearing in the popular people of Tamil Nadu Directory for the past 25 years. mployers have a to provide safety training in to speak out on the lapses Eresponsibility to provide a language employees can of the employers during the a safe workplace in every understand. exit interview and the valid industry. To provide a points are to be incorporated workplace free from Periodical medical by taking them as positive serious hazards and comply examinations and training feedback. with standards, rules and and display of first-aid box regulations issued under at a prominent place will Basically less or no harassment the occupational safety encourage all employees to at work, safe and congenial and hazards Act, examine adopt an injury and illness environment, hygienic rest workplace conditions to prevention program which rooms, basic amenities such make sure they conform to are based on a common set as good drinking water, applicable standards, make of key elements such as unadulterated and healthy sure employees have safe management leadership, food at the canteen, safe pick- tools and equipment and worker participation, hazard up and drop at least during properly maintain the said identification, hazard tough times like floods and equipment, use colour codes, prevention and control, rains, if not daily, awareness posters, labels or signs to education and training, and programs on bad habits, warn employees of potential program evaluation and awareness training on happy hazards. improvement. relationship, awareness training on good saving The primary responsibilities Employees can be retained habits would surely help the of the employer also if they are paid well, employees be very healthy include establishing appreciated, listened to, both physically and mentally. or updating standard promoted, involved in operating procedures and decision making, mentored, Setting unachievable targets communicating them so that challenged and given at the work place, not employees follow safety and enough security and safety. recognizing and rewarding health requirements. The Especially, the employees them suitably can cause employers are also expected must be given an opportunity mental illness; giving values impactjournal.in

22 IMPACT for self-esteem of the employees surely increases the morale; health insurance coverage for the employees and their spouse/children would surely motivate the employees to perform better. handling, provide health Employers are expected to supervision, report certain treat their employees as their Ironically, best care given accidents, injuries, diseases asset rather than treating to employees end up in and dangerous occurrences building and machinery as better performances by to either the Health and assets. the employees by which Safety authority or the local the organization becomes authority depending on the Places like elevators, parking healthy and for the employees business. areas, toilets are to be kept it is otherwise. very safe with proper guards, Diet meals for the aged It is also important to keep lighting and other safety employees, crèche for the floors, walkways, stairs, measures. the women employees, roadways safe to use, protect commutation arrangement, people falling from height or If the employers provide free or subsidized healthy into dangerous substances, healthy and congenial food, safety tools and provide appropriate rest atmosphere, employees are gadgets, health awareness breaks and the right holiday sure to give their best in turn. camps would go a long way in entitlement. The next the benefit of employees and dangerous point is to make Finally timely salary and in turn the employers. sure that employees, who benefits, annual appraisal work alone, or off site, can do with right systems, proper Irrespective of the size of the so safely and healthily. job rotation and promotions, business all the employers opportunities to study further, must prevent risks to health, Presently many such care compassion to sick and ensure that plant and points are missing in IT sector pregnant women employees machinery are safe to use, where employees are being are to be kept in mind to ensure safe working practices treated like slaves. Even a motivate the employees are set up and followed, holiday provided for State which in turn would enhance make sure that all materials Election is also given as the physical and mental are handled and stored compensatory holiday. Most health of employees. It is also safely, set up emergency of the employees, especially important for the employers plans, make sure ventilation, young women leave their to give confidence to the temperature, lighting, avoid office premises in an unsafe family members of employees potentially dangerous environment to take up their about such health aspects for work involving manual bus or train. better reciprocation. impactjournal.in

June’16 23 INSURANCE MANAGEMENT IN INDIA Insurance companies play a very import role in the economic and social development of the nation. Life Insurance was nationalized in the year 1956 and privatized in the early nineties. General Insurance was nationalized in the mid sixties and four companies were formed with apex General Insurance Corporation of India. Later this sector was also thrown open to the private sector and there are several general insurance companies operating in India. In this and the coming issues we shall look into some aspects of Insurance Management in India. Here are some information on the same. TAGLINES OF FAMOUS INSURANCE COMPANIES OF INDIA Information about Taglines of Insurance Companies in India, Slogans of Famous Insurance Companies in India, Insurance Companies India Advertising Slogans, Punch lines of Insurance Companies in India, List of Indian Insurance Companies and their Advertising Slogans, Indian Insurance Companies Taglines ADVERTISING SLOGANS OF INDIAN INSURANCE COMPANIES (1) Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) – Yogakshemam Vahamyaham (2) Tata AIA Life Insurance Company Limited – You click, we cover (3) ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited – Zimmedari ka humsafar (4) HDFC Standard Life Insurance Company Limited – Sar utha Ke Jiyo (5) SBI Life Insurance Company Limited – With Us, You’re Sure (6) Birla Sun Life Insurance Company Limited – Muskurate Raho (7) Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance Company Limited – Jiyo Befiqar (8) Kotak Mahindra Old Mutual Life Insurance Limited – Faidey ka Insurance (9) Max New York Life Insurance Company Limited – Karo Zyada ka Iraada (10) Future General Life Insurance – Ek Shagun Zindagi Ke Naam (11) Aviva India Life Insurance – Kal par Control (12) ING Vysya Life Insurance India Company – Adding Life to Insurance (13) MetLife India Insurance Company Limited – Have you met life today? (14) Exide Life Insurance Company (Formerly Known as ING Vysya Life Insurance) Tagline – Adding Life to Insurance impactjournal.in

24 IMPACT General Insurance Companies. (1) Oriental Insurance Company Limited Tagline – Prithvi, Agni, Jal, Akash, Sabki Suraksha Hamare Paas (2) Kotak Mahindra Old Mutual Life Insurance Limited Tagline – Faidey ka Insurance (3) PNB India Insurance Company Limited Tagline – Have you met life today. (4) United India Insurance Company Limited Tagline – Rest Assured with Us (5) Apollo Munich Health Insurance Tagline – We know Healthcare. (6) Max Bupa Health Insurance Tagline – Your Health First REVIEW ON IMPACT MAY 2016 ISSUE Venugopal Rajagopalan Dear Mr NVS I have gone through with interest the May issue of IMPACT. Hearty congrats for continuing the April Model by having two Sections, one for regular features and the second for Research Articles!. Managing Super Managers by Ms Sandhya Rao is a good Management piece. The importance of Suggestion Box Scheme need not be further emphasized as it is vital for higher productivity - we have to put on our Thinking Caps- as correctly said by Mr Jayprakash B Zende in his article. Dr R Krishnaveni has beautifully portrayed the significance of LSRW Skills- Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing in her piece- Designing Business English Program. Congrats to Ms V Malar for presenting an excellent perspective of the need for Integrating English Language Skills at the Tertiary Level under the Research Section of the magazine. Thanks for including my article- Walk More Talk More and my Letter to the Editor in the May issue of IMPACT. On the whole, an informative copy! impactjournal.in

June’16 25 impactjournal.in

26 IMPACT HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT The history of education in the South Asia centre at Nalanda became increasingly began with teaching of traditional elements visible. such as Indian religions, Indian mathematics, Indian logic at early Hindu and Buddhist Education in India in its traditional form centres of learning such as Taxila (in modern- was closely related to religion. Among the day Pakistan) and Nalanda (in India) before Heterodox schools of belief were the Jain the common era. Islamic education became and Buddhist schools. Heterodox Buddhist ingrained with the establishment of the education was more inclusive and aside of Islamic empires in the Indian subcontinent the monastic orders the Buddhist education in the Middle Ages while the coming of the centres were urban institutes of learning Europeans later brought western education to such as Taxila and Nalanda where grammar, colonial India. A series of measures continuing medicine, philosophy, logic, metaphysics, arts throughout the early half of the 20th century and crafts etc. were also taught. Early secular ultimately laid the foundation of education Buddhist institutions of higher learning like in the Republic of India, education in Pakistan Taxila and Nalanda continued to function well and much of South Asia. into the common era and were attended by students from China and Central Asia. Early history Early education in India commenced under Nalanda - Teaching Platform the supervision of a guru. Initially, education was open to all and seen as one of the methods to achieve Moksha in those days, or enlightenment. As time progressed, due to superiority complexes, the education was imparted on the basis of caste and the related duties that one had to perform as a member of a specific caste. The Brahmans learned about scriptures and religion while the Kshatriya were educated in the various aspects of warfare. The Vaishya caste learned commerce and other specific vocational courses while education was largely denied to the Shudras, On the subject of education for the nobility the lowest caste. The earliest venues of Joseph Prabhu writes: “Outside the education in India were often secluded religious framework, kings and princes were from the main population. Students were educated in the arts and sciences related to expected to follow strict monastic guidelines government: politics (danda-nıti), economics prescribed by the guru and stay away from (vartta), philosophy (anvıksiki), and historical cities in ashrams. However, as population traditions (itihasa). Here the authoritative increased under the Gupta empire centres of source was Kautilya’s Arthashastra, often urban learning became increasingly common compared to Niccolò Machiavelli’s The and Cities such as Varanasi and the Buddhist Prince for its worldly outlook and political impactjournal.in

June’16 27 scheming.” The Rgveda mentions female Early Common Era—High Middle Ages poets called brahmavadinis, specifically Lopamudra and Ghosha. By 800 BCE women Chinese scholars such as Xuanzang and Yi such as Gargi and Maitreyi were mentioned Jing arrived in Indian institutions of learning as scholars in the religious Upnishads. to survey Buddhist texts.Yi Jing additionally Maya, mother of the historic Buddha, was an noted the arrival of 56 scholars from India, educated queen while other women in India Japan, and Korea. However, the Buddhist contributed to writing of the Pali canon. Out institutions of learning were slowly giving way of the composers of the Sangam literature to a resurgent tradition of Brahmanism during 154 were women. However, the education and that era.Scholars from India also journeyed to society of the era continued to be dominated China to translate Buddhist texts.During the by educated male population. It is possible 10th century a monk named Dharmadeva that later historian twisted the truth that the from Nalanda journeyed to China and so-called lower castes in the society were translated a number of texts. Another centre denied the right to education only in order at Vikramshila maintained close relations to pitch for better concessions and create a with Tibet. The Buddhist teacher Atisa was the feelgood factor to the leaders of society so head monk in Vikramshila before his journey they may corner the valuable mass support. to Tibet. If one did not learn how to kill a wild boar without being goared or gather honey without Examples of royal patronage include being strung by it or sow maize and harvest or construction of buildings under the Rastrakuta brew the fine somabanams or make tools and dynasty in 945 CE.The institutions arranged implements, the society would have perhaps for multiple residences for educators as gone without food or shelter. It is wrong to well as state sponsored education and say that the teaching existed only in schools arrangements for students and scholars. run by the upper cast teachers in their so- Similar arrangements were made by the Chola called Gurukuls. The society was teaching its dynasty in 1024 CE, which provided state subjects in the exact and required skills as support to selected students in educational appropriate to the time. It is widely acclaimed establishments.Temple schools from 12–13th now that the class room education does not centuries included the school at the Nataraja teach the actual required skill sets either for temple situated at Chidambaram which life as it is perceived now or add value to the employed 20 librarians, out of whom 8 were humanity at large. copiers of manuscripts and 2 were employed for verification of the copied manuscripts.[13] The Mohra Muradu monastery at Taxila, in The remaining staff conducted other duties, modern-day Pakistan. including preservation and maintained of reference material. Another establishment during this period is the Uddandapura institute established during the 8th century under the patronage of the Pala dynasty. The institution developed ties with Tibet and became a centre of Tantric Buddhism. During the 10–11th centuries the number of monks reached a thousand, equaling the strength of monks at the sacred impactjournal.in

28 IMPACT Mahabodhi complex. By the time of the arrival The education system under the rule of of the Islamic scholar Al Biruni India already Akbar adopted an inclusive approach with had an established system of science and the monarch favoring additional courses: technology in place. Also by the 12th century, medicine, agriculture, geography, and texts invasions from India’s northern borders from other languages and religions, such as disrupted traditional education systems as Patanjali’s work in Sanskrit. The traditional foreign armies raided educational institutes, science in this period was influenced by among other establishments. the ideas of Aristotle, Bhāskara II, Charaka and Ibn Sina. This inclusive approach was Late Middle Ages—Early Modern Era not uncommon in Mughal India. The more With the advent of Islam in India the conservative monarch Aurangzeb also traditional methods of education increasingly favored teaching of subjects which could be came under Islamic influence. Pre-Mughal applied to administration. The Mughals, in rulers such as Qutb-ud-din Aybak and other fact, adopted a liberal approach to sciences Muslim rulers initiated institutions which and as contact with Persia increased the imparted religious knowledge. Scholars more intolerant Ottoman school of manqul such as Nizamuddin Auliya and Moinuddin education came to be gradually substituted Chishti became prominent educators and by the more relaxed maqul school. established Islamic monasteries. Students from Bukhara and Afghanistan visited India The Middle Ages also saw the rise of private to study humanities and science. tuition in India. A tutor, or Riyazi, was an educated professional who could earn a Islamic institution of education in India suitable living by performing tasks such as included traditional madrassas and creating calendars or generating revenue maktabs which taught grammar, philosophy, estimates for nobility. Another trend in mathematics, and law influenced by the this era is the mobility among professions, Greek traditions inherited by Persia and the exemplified by Qaim Khan, a prince famous Middle East before Islam spread from these for his mastery in crafting leather shoes and regions into India. A feature of this traditional forging cannons. Islamic education was its emphasis on the connection between science and humanities. Villages Among the centres of education in India was Prior to the British era, education in India 18th century Delhi was the Madrasa Rahimiya commenced under the supervision of a guru under the supervision of Shah Waliullah, an in traditional schools called gurukuls. The educator who favored an approach balancing gurukuls were supported by public donation the Islamic scriptures and science. The course and were one of the earliest forms of public at the Madrasa Rahimiya prescribed 2 books school offices. However these Gurukuls on grammar, 1 book on philosophy, 2 books on catered only to the Upper castes of the Indian logic, 2 books on astronomy and mathematics, society and the overwhelming masses were and 5 books on mysticism. Another centre of denied any formal education. In the colonial prominence arose in Lucknow under Mulla era, the gurukul system began to decline as Nizamuddin Sahlawi, who educated at the the system promoted by the British began Firangi Mahal and prescribed a course called to gradually take over. Between 1881–82 the Dars-i-Nizami which combined traditional and 1946–47, the number of English primary studies with modern and laid emphasis on schools grew from 82,916 to 134,866 and the logic. number of students in English Schools grew impactjournal.in

June’16 29 from 2,061,541 to 10,525,943. Literacy rates philanthropists, opened 186 colleges and in accordance to British in India rose from 3.2 universities. Starting with 600 students per cent in 1881 to 7.2 per cent in 1931 and scattered across 4 universities and 67 colleges 12.2 per cent in 1947. in 1882, the system expanded rapidly. More exactly, there never was a “system” under the Raj, as each state acted independently and funded schools for Indians from mostly private sources. By 1901 there were 5 universities and 145 colleges, with 18,000 students (almost all male). The curriculum was Western. By 1922 most schools were under the control of elected provincial authorities, with little role for the national government. In 1922 there were 14 universities and 167 colleges, with 46,000 students.In 1947 21 universities and 496 colleges were in operation. Universities at first did no teaching or research; they only conducted examinations and gave out degrees. Literacy in India grew very slowly until independence The Madras Medical College opened in 1835, in 1947. An acceleration in the rate of literacy growth and admitted women so that they could treat occurred in the 1991–2001 period. the female population who traditionally shied away from medical treatments under qualified Universities male professionals. The concept of educated India established a dense educational network women among medical professionals gained (very largely for males) with a Western popularity during the late 19th century and by curriculum based on instruction in English. To 1894, the Women’s Christian Medical College, further advance their careers many ambitious an exclusive medical school for women, was upper class men with money, including established in Ludhiana in Punjab. Gandhi, Nehru and Muhammad Ali Jinnah A file photo of University of Bombay’s Fort went to England, especially to obtain a legal Campus taken in the 1870s. education at the Inns of Court. By 1890 some 60,000 Indians had matriculated, chiefly in the liberal arts or law. About a third entered public administration, and another third became lawyers. The result was a very well educated professional state bureaucracy. By 1887 of 21,000 mid-level civil service appointments, 45% were held by Hindus, 7% by Muslims, 19% by Eurasians (European father and Indian mother), and 29% by Europeans. Of the 1000 top -level positions, almost all were held by Britons, typically with an Oxbridge degree. The Raj, often working with local The British established the Government impactjournal.in

30 IMPACT College University in Lahore, of present-day Ardeshir Dalal was initiated in 1944. Pakistan in 1864. The institution was initially affiliated with the University of Calcutta for Science examination. The prestigious University of the During the 19th and 20th centuries most of Punjab, also in Lahore, was the fourth the Indian princely states fell under the British university established by the colonials in Raj. The British rule during the 19th century South Asia, in the year 1882. did not take adequate measures to help develop science and technology in India and Engineering instead focused more on arts and humanities. The East India Company in 1806 set up Till 1899 only the University of Bombay Haileybury College in England to train offered a separate degree in sciences. In 1899 administrators. In India, there were four B.Sc and M.Sc. courses were also supported colleges of civil engineering; the first was by the University of Calcutta. By the late 19th Thomason College(Now IIT Roorkee), founded century India had lagged behind in science and in 1847. The second was Bengal Engineering technology and related education. However, College (now Bengal Engineering and Science the nobility and aristocracy in India largely University, Shibpur). Their role was to provide continued to encourage the development civil engineers for the Indian Public Works of sciences and technical education, both Department. Both in Britain and in India, traditional and western. the administration and management of science, technical and engineering education While some science related subjects were not was undertaken by officers from the Royal allowed in the government curriculum in the Engineers and the Indian Army equivalent, 1850s the private institutions could also not (commonly referred to as sapper officers). follow science courses due to lack of funds This trend in civil/military relationships required to establish laboratories etc. The continued with the establishment of the fees for scientific education under the British Royal Indian Engineering College (also known rule were also high. The salary that one would as Cooper’s Hill College) in 1870, specifically get in the colonial administration was meager to train civil engineers in England for duties and made the prospect of attaining higher with the Indian Public Works Department. he education bleak since the native population Indian Public Works Department, although was not employed for high positions in the technically a civilian organisation, relied on colonial setup. Even the natives who did military engineers until 1947 and after. manage to attain higher education faced issues of discrimination in terms of wages and Growing awareness for the need of technical privileges. education in India gave rise to establishment of institutions such as the Indian Institute One argument for the British detachment of Science, established by philanthropist towards the study of science in India is that Jamshetji Tata in 1909. By the 1930s India had England itself was gradually outpaced in 10 institutions offering engineering courses. science and technology by European rival However, with the advent of the Second World Germany and a fast-growing United States War in 1939 the “War Technicians Training so the prospects of the British Raj adopting a Scheme” under Ernest Bevin was initiated, world class science policy towards its colonies thereby laying the foundation of modern increasingly decreased. However, Deepak technical education in India. Later, planned Kumar notes the British turn to professional development of scientific education under education during the 1860s. impactjournal.in

June’16 31 SUBSCRIBE TO Periodicity: Monthly Subscription: Single copy: Rs 100/- each issue Annual: Rs 1000/- for 12 issues Subscriptions may be paid by Cheque/DD drawn in favour of IMPACT, payable at Chennai. To Dr.M.G.Bhaskar, Sri Anandham Apartments, No.1A, Jai Nagar, Second Street, Arumbakkam, Chennai - 600106 impactjournal.in

32 IMPACT BEST WISHES to from Marketing & Advertising Consultancy Event Management Corporate Financial Assistance Psychological Services Custom Made Software Contact http://resourceindia.co.in [email protected] ; [email protected] impactjournal.in