Health Science Flipbook

Health Science Flipbook Anika Raybarman Pickett 1B

Table of Contents 1. Integumentary System 2. Musculoskeletal System 3. Nervous System 4. Special Senses 5. Cardiovascular System 6. Respiratory System 7. Digestive System 8. Urinary System 9. Reproductive System

Integumentary System Key Terms Vocab Epidermis-Outermost layer of skin albin/o: white Dermis-Contains blood and lymphatic vessels, glands, derm/o; dermat/o: skin hair follicles, etc. erythr/o: red Subcutaneous Layer-Deepest layer of skin, stores fat. kerat/o: hard Sebaceous Glands-Oil Glands lip/o: fat Sudoriferous Glands-Sweat Glands Perspiration-Sweat Nails-Hard keratin plates. Hair-Fibers pull of dead protein and keratin. myc/o: fungus Functions- Protection, maintaining body temperature, excreting waste and onych/o: nail the perception of stimuli. pedicu/o: toenail Diseases and Disorders Albinism- pil/o: hair; hair follicle rhytid/o: wrinkle Inherited condition that prevents melanin production, resulting in pale skin xer/o: dry xanth/o: yellow and white hair. Burns- Injury to the skin caused by prolonged contact with heat. Gangrene-Necrosis or death of tissue due to lack of blood flow. Keloid- Abnormally raised and thickened scar. Healthcare careers Dermatologist- A doctor who specializes in diagnosis, and treatment of skin disorders and diseases. (avg Salary-250-400k) Dermatology Technician- Someone whassists demratologist during exams, prepares patients for exams/operations, takes vitals, etc. (avg salary. 50-75k)

Musculoskeletal System Key Terms Vocab Cardiac Muscle- muscle in and around the heart. my/o: muscle Skeletal Muscle- muscle attached to bone. Smooth Muscle- muscle that lines internal organs. myel/o: bone marrow; spinal cord Axial Skeleton- bones along the centerline of the body. Appendicular Skeleton- bones in the appendages. oste/o: bone Long Bones- bones found in the extremities. cost/o: rib Short Bones- bones in the hands and feet. Sesamoid Bones- bones shaped like large sesame seeds embedded into tendons. crani/o: skull Flat Bones- bones that protect the internal organs. Irregular Bones- oddly shaped bones that cannot be categorized. -pexy: fixation; to put in place Functions- Support, protection, and movement. chondr/o: cartilage arthr/o: joint Diseases and Disorders -plegia: paralysis Osteoporosis- condition of small holes in the bones; loss of bone density. kinesi/o: movement Spina Bifida- split spine; congenital defect in which part of the membrane covering the spinal cord protrudes through a gap in the spine. Hypotonia- loss of muscle tone. Myoma- tumor of muscle. Healthcare Careers Orthopedic Surgeon,- a surgeon who specializes in the musculoskeletal system (avg salary 300-700k) Chiropractor- Someone who focuses on neuromuscular disorders, often through manipulation of the spine. (avg salary 50-100k) Exercise Physiologist- someone who helps a patient reach their desired fitness goals/needs. (avg salary 30-70k)

Nervous System Vocab 10 Key Terms CNS- central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) PNS- peripheral nervous system (nerves that extend out from the brain and spine) neur/o: nerves ANS- autonomic nervous system (controls involuntary bodily functions) SNS- somatic nervous system (involves the skeletal muscles and the skin) encephal/o: brain Neurons- nerve cells, fundamental cells of the nervous system Frontal Lobe-controls movement, speech, problem solving, and most complex thinking. myel/o: bone marrow; spinal cord Occipital Lobe- controls vision ambul/o: walking Parietal Lobe- processes external stimuli (what we touch) Temporal Lobe-responsible for hearing -esthesia: sensation; feeling Spinal Cord-often used as a channel for brain signals to go through to reach nerves mening/o: meninges Function- Sensory input, integration, and motor output. psych/o: mind Diseases and Disorders concuss/o: shaken together Astrocytoma- Tumor of the neuroglial tissue Hemiplegia- Paralysis on one side of the body Seizure- disruption of electrical activity in the brain that causes convulsions, sensory disturbances and loss of consciousness. Schizophrenia- mental disorder thats causes distorted reality, hallucinations, and delusions. Health care Careers Electroneurodiagnostic Technologist- Someone who monitors brain function, and tests brain functions.(avg salary 50-60k) Neurosurgeon- A surgeon who specializes in nerves, spinal cord, and brain surgery. (avg salary 200-900k) Physician Anesthesiologist- someone who monitors vital during surgery and manages pain and some meds.(avg salary 200-300k)

Special Senses Key Terms Vocab irid/o: iris Sclera- white of the eye -cusis: hearing Pupil- black circular opening in the center of the iris -opia: vison condition Retina- thin layer of tissue which contains photoreceptors ot/o: ear Rods and Cones- color and light receptors in the eyes tympan/o: eardrum Outer Ear- contains structures related to hearing ophthalm/o: eye Middle Ear- contains structures related to hearing -metry: process of measuring Inner Ear- contains structures related to hearing and equilibrium Olfactory Nerve- cranial nerve that transmits neural impulses from the nose Mastication- chewing Gustatory Sense-sense of taste Function- monitor stimuli in the internal and external environments. Diseases and Disorders Nystagmus- repetitive, sometimes involuntary, movements in one or both eyes resulting in limited visual acuity. Strabismus- misalignment of the eyes caused by weakened eye muscles; crossed eyes. Deafness- loss of the ability to hear. Hyposmia- and abnormally weakened sense of smell. Health care Careers Optometrist: Someone who specializes in vision care (they run test, diagnose, and provide treatment). (avg salary 85-100k) Audiologist: Someone who helps prevent, diagnose, or treat hearing (and balance) disorders. (avg salary 70-100k)

Cardiovascular System Key Terms Vocab cardi/o: heart Erythrocyte- red blood cell angi/o: vessel (blood) Leukocyte- white blood cell hem/o, hemat/o: blood Thrombocytes- platelets Brady-: slow Arteries-carry oxygenated blood away from the heart Trachy-: fast Veins- carries deoxygenated blood to the heart (one exception-pulmonary vein) thromb/o: clot Capillaries-thin walled blood vessels that carry waste products that leave as the capillary gets close to skin. -emia: blood condition Atrium- The chambers at the top of the heart (left atrium, right atrium) leuk/o: white Ventricle- The chambers at the bottom of the heart (left ventricle, right ventricle) erythr/o: red Pulmonary Loop- Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs arteri/o: artery Systemic Loop- Takes oxygenated blood out Function- transport blood around the body. Diseases and Disorders Nystagmus- repetitive, sometimes involuntary, movements in one or both eyes resulting in limited visual acuity. Strabismus- misalignment of the eyes caused by weakened eye muscles; crossed eyes. Deafness- loss of the ability to hear. Hyposmia- and abnormally weakened sense of smell. Health care Careers Phlebotomist: Someone who draws and prepares blood for testing. (avg salary 28-40k) Cardiologist: A doctor who specializes in hearts.(avg salary 250-600k) EMT: an emergency medical technician, they often deal with cardio cases (commonly heart attacks, CVA’s) (avg salary 30-45k)

Respiratory System Key Terms Vocab bronch/o: bronchus Trachea- windpipe cyan/o: blue Larynx- voice box laryng/o: larynx Pharynx- throat -oxia: oxygen Alveoli- tiny hollow air sacs that help exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide oxy-: swift; sharp; acid Bronchi- tubes that branch out into the left and right lungs. pleur/o: pleura Cilia- small hairs in the mucous membrane (in this case in the nose). pneum/o: lung; air Sinus Cavities- cavity behind the nose in the skull (divided into 2 by the septum) pulmon/o: lung Epiglottis- a flap of cartilage that prevents food from entering the trachea thorac/o: chest Pleura- membranes which cover the lungs trache/o: trachea: windpipe Diaphragm- a muscle that contracts and expands to help with breathing Function- exchanging CO2 and O2 in and out of the body. Diseases and Disorders COPD- progressive chronic dyspnea on exhale and cough. Bronchitis- inflammation if the bronchus. Pneumonia-inflammatory condition of lungs caused by bacteria, virus, fungi, etc that fills the lungs with fluid. Asthma- constriction of the bronchial airways; dyspnea caused by allergies. Health care Careers Respiratory Therapist: someone who helps people suffering with respiratory conditions and issues breathing.(avg salary 50-100k) Thoracic Surgeon: A surgeon who specializes in the chest organs (heart and lungs).(avg salary 300-700k)

Digestive System Key Terms Vocab cholecyst/o: gallbladder Peristalsis-muscle contraction in the esophagus that pushes food down. enter/o: small intestines Chyme- a mixture of stomach acids and food. col/o, colon/o: colon Bile- mixes enzymes with fat to help it break down in the intestines. hepat/o: liver Villi- small fibers increasing the surface area of the intestines. gastr/o: stomach Ingestion- first stage of digestion, food enters the body through the mouth. or/o: mouth; oral cavity Digestion- second stage, used chemical and physical means to break down food (takes place in the stomach). -pepsia: digestion Absorption- third stage, water and nutrients are absorbed into the body by the small and large intestines. chole/o: bile Excretion- fourth and final stage, excess or indigestible nutrient or food is pushed out of the body through the rectum. proct/o: rectum and anus Alimentary Canal- a long hollow channel through the digestive organs, location of digestion. Salivary Glands- glands in the mouth which excrete saliva, which has enzymes to break starches down. Function- digest food, absorb nutrients, and excrete waste. Diseases and Disorders Ulcer- when stomach acid eats away at the mucous lining on your stomach and begins eating away at tissue. Short Bowel Syndrome- when your small intestine is too short, causing a lack of nutrients absorption. GERD- (gastroesophageal reflux disease) when stomach acid (sometimes mixed with food) comes back up into the esophagus causing a heartburn-like sensation. Diabetes- when the pancreas releases little to no insulin, causing high blood sugaar. Health care Careers Dietician- plan and prepare diets to meet the needs of their patients. (avg salary 50-75k) General Surgeon- a surgeon who specializes in the digestive (and accessory) organs (avg salary 200-500k)

Urinary System Key Terms Vocab -cele: hernia, swelling Filtration- the process of separating substances -lysis:breakdown, separation Reabsorption- returning a substance to the part of the body where it was filtered out cyst/o: cyst; fluid sac; bladder Secretion-the release of a liquid out of the body nephr/o: kidney Kidneys- filter through blood to reabsorb anything useful and filter out the bad ren/o: kidney Ureter- tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder. -uria: urination Urethra-where urine exits the body Bladder- a hollow, balloon like sac that stores urine until it can be excreted. Urine- the waste that goes through this track. Nephron Loop- where the kidney absorbs water Glomerulus- collects salt, sugar, urea to filter out of blood -pexy: surgical fixation Function- to excrete excess water, salt, etc from the body -ectasis: dilation pyel/o: renal pelvis Diseases and Disorders Nephrolith- a kidney stone UTI- infection (usually bacterial) in the urinary tract (commonly the bladder, may cause dysuria Nephrosis- non inflammatory kidney disease Nocturia- needing to frequently urinate at night Health care Careers Urologist- someone who specializes in the urinary tract and male sex organs. . (avg salary 290-500k) Nephrologists- someone who treats chronic and acute kidney disorders. (avg salary 200-400k)

Reproductive System Vocab Key Terms Gonads- produce sperm cervic/o: cervix Sperm- male gametes Vas Deferens- a tube in the scrotum, testes, and testicle that transports sperm salping/o: Eustachian tube Ovaries- The female gonads, store eggs ov/o; ovum (egg) Ova-eggs, female gametes Uterus-the hollow, muscular organ where a fetus develops orchid/o: testis; testicle Zygote- a new, genetically unique, cell formed when the egg is fertilized Meiosis- the sexual production of new cells, which makes 4 new haploid cells oophor/o: ovary Testosterone- the male reproductive hormone men/o: menstruation Estrogen/Progesterone- the female reproductive hormone mamm/o: breast Function- to prepare the body to bear children and to transport sperm to an egg gynec/o: female; woman Diseases and Disorders colp/o: vagina Endometriosis- when tissue that should line the inside of the uterus grows elsewhere. prostat/o: prostate gland Ectopic Pregnancy-when the zygote grows outside of the uterus, often must be terminated to prevent damage to the mother. Cervical Cancer- when a small cancerous tumor forms in the uterus, usually treatable with chemotherapy Prostate Cancer- when a cancer forms in the prostate gland, usually treatable with radiation Health care Careers Obstetrician Gynecologist- doctors who specialize in women’s reproductive health. (avg salary 220-440k) Urologist- someone who specializes in the urianry tract and male sex organs. (avg salary 290-500k)