Magazine

Contents4 Foreword8 About Revolve NTNU10 Production at Kongsberg11 Revolve Workshop12 Ola Øren: Torque Vectoring in Racing13 Ørjan Gjengedal: A Master of Batteries18 Rector at NTNU19 Dean of the IME-Faculty20 Erna Solberg: The Importance of Student Initiatives28 What Makes a Race Car?30 Revolve Analyze: In-house Analasys Software32 The Aerodynamics Package of 201635 Revolve NTNU and 3D-Printing36 RevolveDagen 201637 Drik Ahlborn: CEO Hyperloop Transportation Technologies38 Three Competitions Ahead40 Team 2017

Foreword Eight months of hard work is what it takes for Revolve NTNU to design, Editor-in-chief develop, and produce a race car. Sofie Bang Last year’s team managed to produce Scandinavia’s first four-wheel- Graphic Design and Layout driven electric race car. This year, we are aiming to accomplish more than Lorentz Jeffrey Houser ever before. Head of Marketing Every year new members join Revolve NTNU, and for most, this marks Tone Kostveit Rogne the first time they lay hands on a race car. Our accomplishments have Project Manager therefore been made possible through dedication and the ability to apply Rebecca Sandstø theory to practice. We have also discovered that a well-functioning team Contact is the key to success. No academic course teaches students how to work [email protected] as a team to the same extent as at Revolve NTNU. Consequently, Revolve Website NTNU has gained its own course which is formally recognized by the www.revolve.no Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Printed by Gnist is the name of our 2016 race car. It means spark or a strong flash of lightning. Gnist has come to symbolize several aspects of its creation. It represents the short time-period in which students realize a full- fledged race car. Furthermore, it reflects the extreme acceleration of the car from its electric four-wheel drive. Finally, it symbolizes one of the internal values at Revolve NTNU–warmth. During this short period, team members work hard in a professional environment that develops into more than a positive network; the work environment is a home for new friendships and social interactions. This magazine presents our independent student organization in an easy- to-read fashion. It contains an overview of our organization, current achievements, recognition, technical specifications of Gnist, and a quick look at what lies ahead of us. We hope you will enjoy reading our first edition of Team 17’s magazine! Sofie Bang Tone Kostveit Rogne Editor-in-Chief Head of Marketing4





Team 2016

About Revolve NTNU Edited: Lorentz Jeffrey Houser Photos: Revolve NTNU Developing and building a race car from scratch in one year is a challenging task that requires dedication, resources, and diverse engineering skills. Every year, a new team takes on the complex and comprehensive task of transitioning from a group of students to a team of engineers. WHAT WE DO In one year, we go through the full process of conceptualizing, designing, and producing a full-fledged race car before competing in Formula Student, the largest engineering competitions for students in the world. Our season starts in August, a period where the team constructs its plans for the year. Our focus is on developing the team’s focus areas, organizational structure, and overall budget. The concept phase quickly follows, which involves troubleshooting and concept development of all systems. When the concepts are finalized, we begin the design phase. We design our systems in collaboration with alumni and team members with similar focus areas. After an intensive design phase and a well-deserved Christmas break, we start with the production and assembly phase. This period of time is where we mill, drill, mold, and machine all parts. If everything goes as planned, the race car is assembled in mid-spring and the entire project is finished after the summer competitions. “FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE” We believe that the interdisciplinary interactions that students encounter at Revolve NTNU make the project a perfect environment for personal development. Due to the hard work, professionalism, and ambitious goals of each-year’s team, Revolve NTNU has become one of the top Formula Student teams. We believe our values are essential to both the personal development of our members and the development of our team as it rises to the highest ranks in Formula Student. THE RESULT Team 2016’s car offers innovative solutions and complex design in order to optimize traction, aerodynamic properties, data acquisition, vehicle control and minimize weight. The combination of these factors allows us to achieve the best on-track performance. The most important result of developing the car, however, is not the product itself. It is the unique experience and skills that each student gains. Our members acquire diverse knowledge in the various engineering fields, while improving their problem solving and communication skills. Members of Revolve NTNU go from students to accomplished engineers prepared to take on any challenge they may encounter in their future careers.8



Maria Bjelland, Anders Engebakken, Marcus Kolberg, Erik Vassøy Olsen, Terje Mork, Håkon Ystenæs og John-Arne Berg Sivertsen Production at Kongsberg Photo: Ove Rohnny Haraldsen KONGSBERG is a Norwegian high tech company which supplies systems and solutions to customers in industries such as offshore, oil and gas, merchant marine, and defense and aerospace. The company has been sponsoring Revolve NTNU for many years with technical assistance and manufacturing of parts for the race car. Students at Revolve NTNU design the components and parts for the race cars. To be able to make an advanced design into a product, an advanced arena is needed. Students have received a unique practical experience of using rare and valuable equipment and expertise at KONGSBERG. We have gained great insight into the conversion from design to production, leaving us one step closer to the final race car. Revolve NTNU would again like to thank KONGSBERG for their strong support and collaboration. Picture right: Theory to Practice: Production of in-house designed mono- coque 10

Revolve 11WorkshopEdited: Lorentz Jeffrey Houser Photos: Revolve NTNURevolve NTNU is proud to have secured its ownworkshop at NTNU’s facilities. This is whereour team spends countless hours building ouraerodynamics parts, assembling our new cars,and admiring our previous ones. Access to thisworkshop gives us more planning flexibility andless uncertainty during the production process.On February 19th, we opened up our workshopto sponsors and alumni to celebrate the work thatwe have accomplished together. It was great to seeeveryone meet up at the workshop that makes ourrace cars the incredible vehicles they are!We thank our university for their support!Pictures from top-left:Mathias Solberg Olsen.Lennard Bösch working on machining 3D printed test parts.Kristian Sagmo fixing the mould of one of the aero-wings.Mathias Solberg Olsen and Kristian Sagmo ready to produceaero-wings.

OLA ØREN Torque Vectoring in Racing From: Eikefjord, Norway and the optical sensor. Looking Age: 24 at the data recorded during the Field of Study: Cybernetics and Robotics season, Team 17 concludes that the Revolve Experience: velocity estimates from both instruments – 2017: Active in developing torque vectoring software is adequate for this application. This year’s for the vehicle’s power systems. vehicle will therefore rely solely on velocity data from the INS. Although the accelerometer in the What is the role of torque vectoring in a race car? INS is not capable of measuring velocity directly– The motor control system of Revolve’s 2016 car, as it relies on acceleration integration and GPS data Gnist, utilizes its four independent motors to to compensate for integral drifting–it was exciting generate an active yaw moment about its center of to see that the speed estimates were so close to that gravity when the car turns. This makes the car more of the optical sensor. responsive to the steering input. Since Gnist is able to direct its power to each wheel independently it is able to make the most of the attainable surface friction. This concept is known as torque vectoring in the automotive industry. A majority of control systems can be separated into three stages: measurement, calculation and actuation. To implement a precise and responsive control system, one is dependent on proper measurements. Precision, accuracy, and sample frequency are key terms when deciding techniques and instruments to use. Torque vectoring is reliant on a number system Optical Sensor: INS: states for optimal function; two of the central states Yellow Data Red Data are angular velocity and linear acceleration. Gnist is equipped with an INS (Inertial Navigation System) Revolve Team 17 is enjoying the support of from VectorNav which contains accelerometers VectorNav and the addition of their VN-200 and gyroscopes that detect changes in motion. In Rugged unit to our new production vehicle. addition, Gnist was temporarily equipped with an optical speed sensor provided by Kistler during the 2016 season of FS competitions. During the summer competitions, Gnist uses both the INS12

ØRJAN GJENGEDALA Master of BatteriesFrom: Ås, Norway consists of a few hundred lithium-Age: 26 polymer battery cells is subjected toField of study: Cybernetics and Robotics harsh conditions such as high current loadsRevolve Experience: and high temperatures during operation. This– 2016: ECU Software developer. Active in testing and needs to be monitored and controlled by thetuning the inverters and motors on an in-house test battery management system (BMS) to prevent any ofbench. the batteries from over-charging, over-discharging, or– 2017: Active in optimizing power systems by analyzing over-heating. Any of these issues can cause permanentbattery state-of-charge. change or damage to the electrochemical compounds in the battery cells. To avoid over-charging and over-Why did you join Revolve NTNU? discharging the batteries, the BMS needs to estimateI joined Revolve NTNU in order to develop my internal parameters descriptive of the batteries’ presentpractical skills as an engineer. I wanted to get hands- operating conditions.on experience as a member of a multi-disciplinary team SOC and SOH are some of the most important internalproject. After years of studying theoretical engineering, parameters. SOC indicates the remaining capacity ofI found that my practical experience was limited in a battery, while SOH depicts the batteries’ ability tocomparison to that of an engineer in the real world. The store energy, to maintain electricity after a long timebest thing about being part of Revolve NTNU is that my of work, and to supply or sink large currents. Since notheoretical knowledge is put to the test. Team members physical sensors exist to measure the SOC and SOH,are required to come up with efficient solutions that the BMS needs to estimate their values from availablereflect both knowledge and intuition. Revolve NTNU’s measurements such as current, voltage and temperature.vision statement, “From Theory to Practice”, describes Furthermore, if the SOC estimates are accurate at bothexactly what I was looking for. low and high SOC, the BMS may provide instantaneousWhat is your master’s thesis about? available power estimates to the engine control unitFor my master’s thesis, I am developing a battery model (ECU), such that the torque allocation algorithm maywhich includes a Kalman Filter-based State-of-Charge include the power boundaries in its computations of(SOC) and State-of-Health (SOH) estimator. The torque set-points to the inverters. This will alleviate thechallenge of this thesis is to build a battery model that driver from fear of over-charging or over-dischargingdescribes how the batteries behave during operation the cells during a race, thus allowing the driver completeand in the presence of aging mechanisms that cause focus on maneuvering the vehicle.capacity and power fade. The battery pack, which 13

AHA EIENDOM Photo: ©AHA EIENDOM some of the employees in AHA are above average interested in cars. Revolve has AHA Eiendom offers rental of housing done so much cool and impressive work, and property to both private persons and so to be a part of some of it, is for us spot for commercial uses. The company was on. It is easy to forget that all this impres- established in 1992, and currently has sive work is based on pure effort, and properties in many parts of Trondheim done completely voluntarily. and Brekstad. Recycling As a rental company we can offer a wide Our vision is 'We care – about our ten- range of different housing types. With ants, our properties and our collabora- more than 400 rental units, there are tors.' Many of our projects deal with re- many options. From the city center to use and recycling, and our desire is that the peaceful surroundings a little outside our tenants will be a part of this. In sev- the city center, and from single rooms, to eral occasions we try to see the useful- small studio apartments to large apart- ness in old things. Maybe you have heard ments with four bedrooms. We are com- about Recycle by AHA? It is a project mitted to maintaining our tenants’ needs, about recycling bikes. We collect bikes and will always do our best to ensure that that our tenants and others no longer those who rent from us will be satisfied. want, send them to a workshop where they are repaired, repainted and marked, Why Revolve? before they are ready as fully usable recy- AHA Eiendom is supporting several or- cles from AHA. ganizations, especially within the student The successful story of Revolve may be and sport environment. When we first compared to this, since they in many sit- received this inquiry about supporting uations reuse things and make them into Revolve, our immediate thought was that race cars. You may read more about Re- this is something we want to support! cycle on our web page About 80 % of our tenants are students, www.aha.no/recycle. and as a real estate company we want to take part in activities and organizations that may interest our tenants. At the same time there is no secret that14







Rector at NTNU Text: Gunnar Bovim, Photo:Thor Nielsen, Trondheim/NTNU Comm.Div. “Each year a new team of students works together to create a new race car. It’s not just about winning the race, but about tackling the challenge of building it and gaining new expertise, too.” A new team – a new challenge – a new car university disciplines. The journey from theoretical NTNU is extremely proud of the Revolve cars that knowledge to a final product through cooperation have been produced since 2010. We like to think between students with different expertise is a first- of the cars as symbols of the kind of innovative class example of how we think research should be activity that takes place at our university, and even done. Our goal of “knowledge for a better world” more as symbols of student-driven research and can only be achieved through cooperation between entrepreneurship. For us the final race results are disciplines, and where the university responds to not really what is most important. society’s needs. When I see students taking this opportunity during their university years, I believe Knowledge, curiosity and values we are on the right track. We want our students to have a strong academic Universities all over the world are discussing foundation when they enter the working world. In learning and education, learning arenas and addition, we hope that their time at the university learning platforms. I really appreciate that Revolve has made them curious and that they have also NTNU is out in front and is using, testing and cultivated strong fundamental values along the evaluating new learning techniques for coming way. For us, a university degree is more than just generations. good grades. Revolve NTNU is a good example of this. Students A new car – a new invention have to combine knowledge, creativity and spirit Revolve NTNU’s goal for the coming summer is with understanding and mutual respect by working to finish on the podium! This clearly demonstrates in teams, often under great time pressure. the enthusiasm that team members have. I have no doubt you will succeed and I wish you the best of Interdisciplinary collaboration luck! Revolve NTNU is not just about engineering. The team consists of students from many different Gunnar Bovim, Rector at NTNU18

Dean of the IME- faculty Information Technology, Mathematics, and Electrical Engineering (IME) Text: Geir ØienWhy is it important for students from the fields of IT, believe this helps to create a better student- andRobotics and Electronics, to participate in organizations learning environment, strengthened motivationlike Revolve NTNU? to undertake studies, and increased exchange ofIt is good for the sake of personal development - it knowledge with each other.gives a reason to work in a multi-disciplinary team Norway strives to become a world-leading nationtogether with other students who work on high in technology. Why should one consider to studytechnological projects. It requires one to consider IT, robotics and Electronics Engineering today?efficiency, design, environment, communication, These fields represent probably among theplanning, and much more. Not only are the skills most technological opportunities for the futurethat students obtain through these projects high knowledge-focused society. These are technologiesin demand in the labour market, but they are also with high demand and possibilities in all sectorsobtained in a fun, exciting, and social way. Secondly, and industries, and we already witness that thethe students represents the fields of sciences which work-life and society is in a rapid change becauseare crucial for the creation of technology. Students of the innovation and development within thistherefore have the competence for the project to be field. In Norway, reports from the Ministry ofhighly successful! Local Government and Modernization show that if we do not keep up the recruitment in these fieldsMany of our members at Revolve NTNU study beyond today’s levels, we will lack many thousandsprograms within the Faculty of IT, Mathematics of experts in Information and Communicationand Electrical Engineering, and also write their Technology in 2030. Digitalization, automation,master’s thesis for us. What are your views on that? robotification, and electrification create newI am delighted that so many of our IME-students possibilities and challenges. If we use technologywish to join Revolve NTNU, and that many of wisely, the possibilities will be greater than thethem have the competence, motivation, and other challenges.expertise which have made it possible for them to Good luck this summer!join the team. I think it is important, both personallyas well as for the quality of the project, NTNUand IME. Revolve NTNU gives our universityand the IME-faculty a good reputation- and I Geir Egil Øien Dean of the Faculty of Information Technology, Mathematics, and Electrical Engineering 19

The importance of student initiatives Earlier this year I had the opportunity to meet the It is now almost 50 years since oil was found in Revolve NTNU team and to learn more about this the Norwegian continental shelf. Oil and gas will exciting project. I was very impressed both with the continue to be important for Norway and our electric racing car they have developed and with economy for many years to come, but we need the way they have worked together to achieve the to develop other high-productivity industries in best possible result. This is a great example of how order to secure continued growth. We need more extracurricular activities can develop theoretical people to start their own businesses and develop and practical skills as well as providing an arena their own ideas. for socializing and making friends. I believe people are inherently creative and The experience these students gain from innovative, that deep down we all enjoy a challenge developing, designing, building, testing and racing and an opportunity to express ourselves. Revolve their car will certainly make them better engineers. NTNU shows how much people can achieve when It is also an opportunity for personal development, they set themselves goals and work together as a and – I am sure – a lot of fun. team. This small, light, but powerful supercar bears the One of the biggest challenges facing us today is how name Vilje – or ‘willpower’ in English. It is a good to meet the world’s growing demand for energy, name for the project, but it is also an important while at the same time addressing climate change. reminder of what is essential in any endeavor. Solving this challenge will require a steady stream Because without that kind of determination, it is of young people with an interest in mathematics, impossible for any of us to reach our full potential. science, and technology. More students are now Willpower is one of the reasons for Norway’s applying for programs in this field, but we know economic development and for our position at that even more expertise in science and technology the top of the Human Development Index. If we will be needed in the future. are to keep that position, we also need to keep our Projects like Revolve NTNU are a great way of willpower alive. The Norwegian economy is still showcasing the opportunities a science degree strong and we are in an enviable financial situation, can offer. ‘To learn, explore and create’ is Revolve’s but we have to make structural adjustments and motto, and the group of students I met in develop more knowledge-based industries. We Trondheim earlier this year embodies this to the know that our competitiveness in the future full. I wish you all every success with this year’s will depend more on the skills of our people project and races. than on our natural resources. That is why the Government is investing heavily in education. We Erna Solberg are strengthening the entire learning chain, from Prime Minister of Norway kindergartens and primary and secondary schools to higher education and research institutions.20

“This is a great example of how extracurricular activities can develop theoretical and practical skills as well as providing an arena for socialising and making friends.”

Arrow Norway is a subsidiary of Arrow Inc. ( arrow.com )a Fortune 150 company with a global sales of $23.28 billion.Revolve NTNU and Arrow have a common mission statement;INNOVATION.Arrow is guiding innovation forward, and act as a Sherpa inthe electronic market, helping other companies to succeed.Arrow finds it very rewarding to engage with Revolve NTNU,and we are highly energized by working with such a skilledand talented team of students.Building a 4-wheel Drive Electrical Race Car,with state of the art performance, is a high mountain to climb.Arrow embraces the power of building strong andmultifunctional teams. Teams that have common goalsand understanding of what success looks like.Revolve NTNU proves that great projects and leadership,result in great products, and Arrow is proud to be theleading Sherpa.The Norwegian electronics industry is constantly changing,projects and opportunities come in waves and cycles.The long history of innovative and complex solutions withground breaking technologies, has resulted in many greatachievements. However, the competitive landscape haschanged to be truly global during the latest years.Our common future depends of HOW we innovate anddevelop products. The battle-field is crowded, and there aremany players in the global market.Countries with lower labor cost can be outperformed byindustrialised products and automated productionprocesses. Our community of innovators are highly reliableand skilled. With such products, the Norwegianelectronic marked is highly competitive and we see greatpotential in the years to come. arrow.com







3rd generation electric vehicle KOG Arctos R - 2014 115 185 2.9 Horsepower [hp] Weight [kg] 0-100 kph [sec] Vilje - 2015 107 175 2.8 Horsepower [hp] Weight [kg] 0-100 kph [sec]26

Gnist - 2016190 175 2.3Horsepower [hp] Weight [kg] 0-100 kph [sec] 27

What makes a racecar? Monocoque A monocoque is a self-sustaining structure that carries most of the weight of the vehicle. Gnist uses a monocoque instead of a conventional steel sub-frame to reduce weight and improve structural rigidity. By using finite element analysis in Abaqus, the team has has reduced weight and maximized stiffness in the monocoque. The chassis is made of Formula 1 grade carbon fiber composites which improves rigidity, while the core between these composites is made from a low density aluminum honeycomb construction which reduces weight. Certain areas of the core are filled with polymer cores. This combination of carbon fiber composite, aluminum honeycomb, and polymer filled cores ensures a low total weight. The core materials are sandwiched between two thin layers of composite. The resulting thin shell is just as strong and stiff as the more traditional steel space-frame. Additionally, the 4WD nature of the car allows for a shorter wheelbase, reducing both the size and the overall weight of the monocoque by about 20 kg. ECU The ECU implements an in-house torque vectoring system. Torque vectoring allows for independent control of each hub-mounted motor which increases stability and speed especially in the corners of a race track. Software Consisting of a friendly user interface and various new plugins, Gnist’s software, Revolve Analyze (RA), aided Team 16’s pit crew in retrieving quick access to lap data during this summer’s competitions. This release added a built-in lap timer, scatter plots, and the ability to present histograms. Moreover, it added a brand new GPS Plugin that has allowed RA to dynamically draw the track being driven on and overlay data onto this track. The plugin-based software is modular and allows plugins to request data from any of the CAN channels. From cell temperatures and voltages, to fan speeds and output current, there is no limit to what RA can graph in this build. Electronics With over 300 sensors in the vehicle, it is easy to keep a detailed overview of the car’s internal states. This includes steering, damper and pedal positions, brake pressure, gear and cooling fluid temperatures, and the battery management system. All of this data is distributed to the different car’s systems through the CAN network.28

Wireless data transmission Aerodynamics The WiFi telemetry system streams the data real time to the test crew, giving the engineers crucial insight to the Aerodynamic devices are located all over the car. car during races and testing. The data is also utilized in Combined they produce 600N of downforce at 60 the Torque Vectoring algorithm which controls each km/h while maintaining good a balance of downforce motor individually. Revolve NTNU develops all the on front and rear tires. This is optimized using the high- electronic systems in-house in order to save weight end simulating software STAR CCM+. After having used and tailor the car’s interface to our drivers’ demands. this software on NTNUs own supercomputer, Vilje, the Our custom dashboard gives the drivers insight into aerodynamics team has effectively done 300,000 core the car’s internal state and allows for the opportunity to CPU hours of simulations. Gnist’s aerodynamics includes manipulate important system parameters without having a rigid, adjustable mounting assembly and a reliable to reprogram any circuit boards. water/air cooling system for the power systems, making sure that Gnist’s systems run at an optimum temperatureSuspension in all conditions. To minimize weight, the aerodynamicThis year’s transition into four-wheel drive has offered components have been produced utilizing advancednew and exciting challenges for the suspension. The composite production methods.suspension copes with these challenges while maintainingreliability and lightweight construction. This has been Motors and Drivetrainmade possible by software such as Ansys, HyperworksOptistruct, Materialise Trimatic, and KISSsoft. Transitioning from rear wheel drive to four hub mountedThe implementation of hub mounted motors sets motors, the drivetrain needed to undergo radicalconstraints on the kinematic design of the suspension. changes. The result is a compound planetary gearboxHowever, the suspension has achieved a kinematic design packed in the 100mm bore of the 3D-printed titaniumthat yields great dynamic properties due to a decreased upright, yielding a ratio of 1:15.47 with a top speed ofouter radius of the suspension rods, countersunk 110km/h. The motors in combination with this gearboxmounting points in the monocoque, and increased provide a total of 1300Nm of torque.impress of the rims. The ECU is combined with an inverter that is also fully developed in-house. By using SiCMOS technology, the switching (inverting) frequency is increased by more than 600%, resulting in increased efficiency and lower weight. Weighing in at only 4 kg, the inverters are lightweight, customizable and highly efficient. Battery pack Gnist features a high voltage battery based on LCO- cells. It is capable of delivering 80 kW of power to the motors. After hours of cell testing, Team 16 chose to use new cells that provide a 5% increase in specific energy, a 25% increase in specific power, and a significant weight- reduction of over 1 kg. New cell connections make the battery even more robust and maintainable than before. The main battery management system monitors the temperature and voltage of the battery’s 288 lithium polymer cells. This prevents dangerous situations by shutting the car down automatically before cells reach critical voltages or temperatures.

Revolve Analyze In-house analysis software Text: Jakob Løver Data acquisition and analysis tools are imperative to the success of a racing car. Collecting lap data allows the pit crew and driving team to thoroughly analyze the car’s performance and make adjustments accordingly. Last year’s team improved on a former version of “Revolve Analyze” (RA) written in Python. This year, we are starting over and developing a new foundation for the future years to come. We decided to develop our software in C# due to its multithreading capabilities and higher efficiency when compared to Python. We are focused on making our code well documented so that future teams can easily understand our thought processes and begin innovating at a rapid rate. RA is not commercially available, which means we can tailor the software to our own needs and quickly push out new releases. There is no bloatware, and the options for future improvements are endless. If we need a new feature, we simply develop and implement it ourselves. RA is developed in-house by six of our own team members. This year we decided to partner with SciChart, allowing our team to implement detailed graphs from logging data. We contemplated on developing our own graphing software, but were immediately dissuaded from doing so after hearing about SciChart’s deft capabilities. Furthermore, we wanted to prioritize our time on developing the best code possible. Writing good, clean code allows future teams to understand our work better from the start of concept design. Moreover, we have decided to pay attention to the most important aspects of data analysis with respect to our new production vehicle. This means that our software loses some functionality in comparison to previous years’; however, we will have everything we need to make this year’s software better than ever before! Because of the copious amounts of data we receive through our telemetry system, we cannot use a standard MySQL database. We are receiving data from more than 300 sensors hundreds of times per second, and even though MySQL is the most widely supported and available database, it is not able to keep up with the rate at which we are shuffling around data. Instead, we use a NoSQL database called MongoDB. It30

is able to read and write much faster than MySQL, There is support for graphing multiple axes in onewhich makes it perfect for our application. window, and each graph can be scaled and movedRA is used frequently during testing and in the independently on the y-axis. By using this featurefield, and data acquired during these runs can be to compare different types of data in the samestored and uploaded to our server only seconds window, our team gets a clear overview of the car’safter the testing is complete, allowing users of our current state across different data sets.software to download the raw sensor data with the As we receive GPS data on the serial interface,push of a button and recreate the state of the car the plugin starts converting the latitudes andat any point in time. A video plugin that we have longitudes into x-y coordinates on a cartesiandeveloped allows us to sync this data with video to plane. We are also able to overlay data on top ofwatch the car’s movements while one our drivers the track using a heatmap, in this case the coloris driving. changes depending on how far the vehicle is in thePLUGINS west/east direction. This can be used for exampleThe line graph plugin is one of the most used in conjunction with braking and acceleration datafeatures of RA. It uses an open-source library to evaluate the driver’s performance in sharp turns.that makes interfacing with our graphs a breeze.Revolve Analyze reads the car’s sensor data and These graphs, provided by Scichart, are essentialpresents it in various forms to the user in describing the various data, gathered by the vehilce’s various sensors, to our team 31

Aerodynamics Package for 2017 Text: Ole Andreas Ramsdal, Fredrik Schmidt Photo: @Revolve THEORY AND MODELING The aerodynamics package on our cars consists of much more than a rear spoiler as seen on some road cars. Downforce is a limited commodity due to Formula Student regulations; therefore airfoils, endplates, and gurney flaps must be carefully designed according to these regulations and aerodynamic theory. We use computer aided design (CAD) to create the aerodynamic components based on the regulations and our understanding of the related theory. SIMULATIONS How do we know if the CAD-model we designed is any good? The best way to analyze our aerodynamic efficiency would be to make a physical model and test it in large wind tunnel along with the rest of the car. Another option is to simulate airflow through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A domain similar to a full scale wind tunnel is divided into several different sized cells (about 25 million for our car) in a process called meshing. We use NTNU’s supercomputer, Vilje (which shares its name32

with our 2015 car), to iterate on cell-values to PRODUCTIONsatisfy the significant partial differential equations We cast all of our aerodynamics parts duringas accurately as possible. These partial differentials the production phase. This is a critical phasedescribe the physics behind our aerodynamics. where everything must be done precisely andThe result, called the solved file, can be thought of with patience as material is limited. We start byas a time freeze of the fictional wind tunnel where producing the molds which are made from mediumevery cell contains information about properties density fiberboard (MDF) or aluminum. Our moldlike velocity and pressure. We then analyze the materials are provided by generous contributionseffect of the wind on the car by looking at different from Fritzøe Engros and Astrup. Fritzøe Engrosvector, velocity and pressure plots. The plots are provides us with high quality MDF plates whilethen used to find improvements in the analyzed Astrup provides us with smooth aluminum plates.design, which gives us ideas what to change. And The molds are then milled by our team with helpso the iterative CAD and simulation cycle starts from our skilled partners at MARINTEK and IPK.again. When the molds are milled and sanded smooth, the casting process begins. All our aerodynamic components are made of light carbon fiber composite and foam core. Plies of fiber are first applied to the mold. Depending on whether we are using an open or closed mold, either a bag or second part of the mold is put on top of the fiber and core composite to apply sufficient pressure. This gives the final product a better surface finish. After a good eight hours in an oven, the curing process is finally completed and we can proudly hold a physical production of our final CAD- model. 33

Reklameartikler Profilering Firmagaver34

3D-printed upright made of titanium. Designed in-house by Lennard Bösch at Revolve NTNU.Revolve NTNU and 3D-printingPhoto: Revolve3D printing is the manufacturing process of combining successive layers of a material in order to createan object. The process is controlled via a computer that is connected to a 3D printer. Today, there arevarious types of 3D printers: plastic, rubber, metallic, and even tissue printers.Revolve NTNU uses 3D printing technology for both prototyping and production. Our sponsors havebeen key in helping us create these parts throughout 2016. Prototal, for example, has given us the ability todevelop prototypes in plastic or metal. They have offered us excellent solutions to meet the requirementsof the race car. Some of the parts from Prototal include battery cell holders, brake lamps, steering wheelgrip, encoder caps and cooling blocks. Tronrud Engineering has produced some of our more complexparts like the titanium uprights on Gnist while several smaller parts have been printed in-house at IPKNTNU. Next year, Revolve NTNU hopes to continue its wide use of modern and flexible manufacturingsolutions. 35 Minoko Design is a renowned, award-winning consulting firm seen here attending RevolveDagen

RevolveDagen 2016 Text: Adam Joseph Zinafrazi Photo: Revolve NTNU RevolveDagen - a great success this year RevolveDagen is a career fair arranged annually by Revolve NTNU, with the purpose to create a bridge between our partners and students at NTNU, and of course to present our project. This year, the day was regarded as the most successful career fair event by Revolve NTNU, including exciting events such as inspirational speakers, fun competitions, and networking opportunities with reputable companies. Our race cars were put out for exhibition, and we were very happy to answer questions from curious visitors. It was very pleasing to meet students who had already decided to apply for Revolve NTNU next year! RevolveDagen is among our biggest events. It is a day for students, companies, and the project. If you represent a company and would be interested in participating in this event next year, do not hesitate to contact us. See you next year!36

Dirk AhlbornCEOText: Adam Joseph ZinafraziPhoto: Revolve NTNUDirk Ahlborn is the CEO of Hyperloop™ Transportation Technologies, a US-based research companythat aims to develop a high speed transportation system. In brief, the heavily crowdsourced companydevelops a system in which a train is located in a low pressure tube, allowing a top speed of 1300km/h.In March 2016, HTT reached an agreement with the Slovakian government to explore the system’sopportunities in the country.We were fortunate to be able to invite the CEO during RevolveDagen to present its projects to studentsat NTNU. Below is an interview with Revolve NTNU and Dirk Ahlborn.1. Why do you believe it is important for engineering students to join student organizations like RevolveNTNU?I think that it’s important to make real life experiences, see and solve real problems. Besides learning tocome up with solutions for not only engineering challenges, you are able to learn how to work in teams,keep deadlines, and rely on others.2. What do you think the Hyperloop project and Revolve NTNU have in common?We are continuously improving our designs, methods, and processes. That’s what I think is the mostsimilar in the projects. Every year Revolve NTNU is making their next version perform better. We arealso both trying to use cutting edge technology, materials and processes and are completely driven by thepassion of all team members.3. Some of our Norwegian students will be graduating this year. Is there any way for them to join theproject in the United States?Everybody on our team is working in exchange for stock options. We don’t need to wait until graduation.We would love to have you guys work with us. I can see several areas of expertise. One of them that couldbe interesting is composite materials and aerodynamics. But everybody that would love to join, shouldlet us know! 37

Three competitions ahead Text: Paul Huynh Photo: Revolve NTNU Formula Student challenges students to build a single seat formula race car with which they can compete against teams from all over the world. The competition is not won solely by the team with the fastest car, but rather by the team with the best overall package of construction, performance, and financial- and sales planning. Formula Student challenges us to take the extra step in our education by incorporating intensive experience in building and manufacturing, as well as considering the economic aspects of engineering. The challenge we face is to compose a complete package consisting of a well-constructed race car and a sales plan that best matches given criteria. We will be evaluated by judges from the motorsport, automotive and supplier industries. The jury will judge every team’s car and sales plan based on construction, cost planning and sales presentation. In total, teams can earn a maximum score of 1000 points, distributed over the different static- and dynamic events. For the 2017-season, we expect to participate in three Formula Student competitions: FS Austria, FS Germany, and either FS United Kingdom, FS Italy, or FS East (Hungary). This will be the second time we will have participated in three events during a single season, and we are looking forward to each one. They all feature something special, be it in terms of the competition format, participating teams, or the general atmosphere. Formula Student Austria brings out the camaraderie and welcoming community of Formula Student. With ‘only’ under 50 teams, the event has a slightly more relaxed atmosphere. Utilizing the top class facilities of Red Bull Ring, and with a Formula Student staff just as passionate as the participating teams, FSA sets the foundation for high speed action August 1st – 4th. Last season we finished in 6th place. Hopefully we will do even better this year, and keep up the great performance for the following38

competition in Germany.Germany is one of the most represented countries in Formula Student. With its many universities, andgreat support from a well-established automotive industry, it has a huge number of great Formula Studentteams. Formula Student Germany reflects this with mostly German teams, and extreme performance allaround. We participated in Germany last year and are excited to be back this coming summer!As mentioned earlier, we are considering FS East and FS Italy. Last year we competed in Formula StudentUnited Kingdom, but due to logistical conflicts and certain technical requirements, we are open toconsidering other competitions. These new competitions would be exciting and adventurous as we havenot participated in these regions. We are confident that Revolve NTNU will perform even better than ithas in previous years and are excited to see what lies ahead!Follow us on our social media channels to stay up to date with our time leading into the competitions,and to see what Norway brings to the world’s largest motorsport competition for students! 39

Revolve NTNU 2017 Formula Student Racing Team Board Rebecca Sandstø Paul Minh Hoang Huynh Glenn Flø Karlsen Saeid Hosseini Project Manager Chief Mechanical Engineer Chief Electrical Engineer Head of Finance Maria Dyrseth Tone Kostveit Rogne Head of Human Head of Marketing Resources Marketing Tone Kostveit Rogne Sofie Bang Anja Gahre Signe Ryssdal Head of Marketing Key Account Manager Event Manager Event Manager Lorentz Houser Sondre Audal40 Graphic Design & Media PR and Marketing

AerodynamicsFredrik Schmidt Peder Mathias W. Teigmo Ole Andreas Ramsdal Christian Mellbye Production ManagerChief Aerodynamics Cooling Front Wing Aida Angell Catharina Flatsetø Magnus Leirvik Knoph Tri Nguyen Rear Wing Coach Undertray and Diffuser Mounting and InsertsElectronicsGlenn Flø Karlsen Vegard Brekke Løvvig Are Eiesland Kristi Marie LundChief Electronics Battery Management Battery Management Sensors System & Inverter SystemHermann Sundklakk Ludvig Pedersen Amund Fjøsne Dinosshan Thiagarajah Telemetry Safety Systems Safety Systems Dashboard and Data AquisitionHåkon Strandlie Lars Henrik Bolstad Finn Matras Wire Harness Engine Control Unit Coach Hardware

MonocoqueAndreas Nøklebye Magnus Lund Marcus Kolberg Rannveig Marie FærgestadChief Monocoque Battery Casing CAD ErgonomicsMaria Bjelland Ådne Magnus Viga Skretting Håkon Bakke Erik Rønning Inserts SESImpact Attenuator Inverter Casing Christian Wilson Eirik Vassøy OlsenMonocoque Production CoachDriversAnders Høifødt Paul Minh Hoang Huynh Maria Dyrseth Thomas FrekhaugDriver's Coach Driver Driver DriverRoberts Račko Morten Smebye42 Driver Driver

Power Systems Lennart Olsen Eivind Klokkehaug Lars Gustavsen Thomas FrekhaugChief Power Systems Battery Cells ECU Software Electrical ConnectionsThomas Rendall Berg Ørjan Gjengedal Martin Haukali Ola Øren Inverter Torque VectoringElectrical Connections Battery State-of-Charge Håkon Skeie Morten DoblougMotor Development Motor Development SoftwareMaja Worren Legernæs Ole Ravna Thomas Frøysa Morten Smebye Software Developer Software DeveloperChief Software System Administrator Didrik Galteland Paul Erik Frivold Jakob LøverSoftware Developer Software Developer Coach

Suspension & DrivetrainCornelia Reme-Ness Simen Ekornåsvåg Jon Martin Haaland Roberts Račko Chief Suspension Brakes and Pedal Vehicle Dynamics Vehicle Dynamics BoxJakob Vigerust Christer Oldeide Jørgen Eliassen Bo Willem Woelfert Gearbox Rims Uprights SteeringJens Mildestveit CoachOne Team 63 Students 15 Fields of Study 8 Master’s Theses



Sponsoring Revolve NTNU Edited: Lorentz Jeffrey Houser Sponsoring Revolve NTNU Last year’s team produced Scandinavia's first four-wheel-driven electric car, Gnist. But this year’s team is working hard to create something even more revolutionary. Since we started competing in Formula Student, we have dreamed of winning. This year, we are confident that Revolve NTNU will finish on the podium! We are almost finished designing our newest car. Right now we are taking the last steps before the new year, optimizing our new designs to accurately handle all possible scenarios and conditions during competition. The ability to spend all year designing, producing, and tuning our vehicles is solely dependent on financial support that we gather from the business sector. There has been significant public interest in our project. For instance, Revolve NTNU has been featured in the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation, NRK, as well as being featured in magazines like Dagbladet, Teknisk Ukeblad, Adresseavisen and Autofil. Moreover, Revolve NTNU has participated in many interviews and external events. In 2016, Revolve NTNU reached its highest number of student applications when recruiting new members. Would you like to support Norway’s most cutting-edge student project? Would you be interested in presenting your company on the NTNU campus, and to meet some of the most talented and dedicated students in Norway? Do not hesitate to contact Revolve NTNU! Revolve NTNU is founded Best Newcomer Award Revolve NTNU gets its own course Are you with us? On 6 November 2010 Revolve Revolve NTNU receives the Best Aiming at focusing on innovation and Support our goal of nishing on NTNU is o cially founded with Newcomer Award by Formula high quality standards, Revolve NTNU the podium in Formula Student the goal to represent NTNU in Student UK. gets its own course 2017 Formula Student Contact Revolve NTNU! 2010 2012 2015 2017 2012 2014 2016 Revolve NTNU nishes its rst race car Norway’s rst electric race car A rst for Scandinavia! Revolve NTNU makes On 3 May 2012 the race car On 13 May 2014 Revolve NTNU Scandinavia's rst KA Borealis R is presented presents Norway’s rst electric race car - KOG Arctos R four-wheel-driven electric car46



AHA EIENDOM TMpowered by