Bella Ashcraft 2A-Flipbook

Flipbook By: Bella Ashcraft

Integumentary System Key Terms: Vocabulary: Derm/o, Dermat/o- skin Epidermis- outermost layer of skin Functions: Regulates body temperature, Kerat/o- hard, horn-shaped tissue Glands-sebaceous are all over body except on protects the deeper tissues of the body against fluid loss, Xer/o-dry palms + soles. The sweat glands release keeps pathogens from entering the body. Protection, Xanth/o-nail perspiration to cool down body temperature. Body temp regulation, Excretion, Perception of Erythr/o- red Dermis-Directly under epidermis holding blood stimuli/tactile receptors Pedicu/o-yellow vessels, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and Healthcare careers: Dermatologist: physician, Onych/o- nail sudoriferous glands. diagnoses and treats conditions of the hair, skin, Myc/o- fungus Subcutaneous layer- “hypodermis” deepest and nails. Dermatology Technician: also Pil/o- hair; hair follicle layer of skin storing fat, providing heat, known as dermatology assistant, works in the skin Lip/o- fat insulation, and protection. care field. Rhytid/o- wrinkle Cuticle- small amount of epidermal at bottom Albin/o- white and sides of nail. Lunula- ½ moon shaped white area at end of nail. Nail Plate- hard, translucent part of nail Nail Root- area of dermis where the nail rests, Diseases/ Disorders: fits in groove. Wheal- slightly swollen/red area (hives, Lipocytes- cells that make and store fat. etc) Hair follicle- tiny cavities that hair grows in Keloid- abnormally raised and thickened scar Eczema- inflammatory skin disease with erythema, pruritus, and edema Ulcer- open sore or erosion of skin (canker sore) Picture:

Musculoskeletal System Key Terms: Function: My/o- heart muscle Skeletal Functions- protection, framework, storage Myel/o- bone marrow; spinal cord Muscular Functions- holding body parts, making Oste/o-bone movement possible, protective covering for the internal Cost/o-rib organs, producing heat, moving food through the Crani/o-skull digestive system, aiding blood flow, and assisting with -pexy: surgical fixation the movement of fluids. Chondr/o-cartilage Arthr/o- joint Vocabulary: -plegia: paralysis Tendons- fibrous cords of tissue, connects muscle to bone Kinesi/o-movement Ligaments- fibrous cords of tissue, connects bone to bone Vocabulary: Flat Bones- protect vital organs Tendons- fibrous cords of tissue, connects muscle to Sesamoid Bones- embedded within tendons, facilitate joint bone movement Ligaments- fibrous cords of tissue, connects bone to Cortical Bone- “compact bone” dense and strong bone bone Muscle- body tissue that helps with body movement Flat Bones- protect vital organs Skeletal Muscle- “striated muscle” voluntary muscle attached to Sesamoid Bones- embedded within tendons, bone facilitate joint movement Fascia- a band of fibrous tissue that is on a muscle(s) Cortical Bone- “compact bone” dense and strong Smooth muscle- “visceral muscle” involuntary muscle, bone surrounds organs Muscle- body tissue that helps with body movement Cardiac muscle- “myocardial muscle” involuntary, pumps the Skeletal Muscle- “striated muscle” voluntary muscle blood from heart. attached to bone Healthcare Careers: Fascia- a band of fibrous tissue that is on a Physical Therapist: Work with patient’s doctor to help and muscle(s) plan restoring, and maintaining the movement and Smooth muscle- “visceral muscle” involuntary functionable ability. muscle, surrounds organs Sports Medicine Physician: treats and prevents sports- Cardiac muscle- “myocardial muscle” involuntary, related injuries. Can diagnose and treat patients, prescribe pumps the blood from heart. medications, and can perform therapy and surgeries. Muscle picture: Skeletal picture:

Musculoskeletal System

Nervous System Diseases/disorders: Babinski sign- reflex where toes are curved upward when Key Terms: Function: sensory input, the sole of the foot is stimulated. Positive adults and neur/o-nerve integration, and motor output. children 2+ means there is a disorder such as a brain encephal/o-brain tumor, meningitis, etc. myel/o-bone marrow Nervous System Picture: Astrocytoma- tumor in the neuroglial tissues ambul/o-to walk Bell's palsy- 1 sided paralysis in the face, causing face to -esthesia feeling; droop; usually temporary. sensation Cerebral Aneurysm- Abnormal, localized dilation of blood mening/o- meninges vessels in cerebrum. psych/o-mind concuss/o-shaken Careers: Electroneurodiagnostic technologist (END)- specialized in using equipment to monitor a patient's nervous system. Neurosurgeon- specializes in treating disease and conditions of nervous system, perform surgeries, and help assessing and diagnosing health problems. Vocabulary: Neurons-¨Nerve Cells¨ fundamental cells of nervous system Sensory Neurons-conduct impulses from the body to brain. Motor Neurons- receive impulses and communicate to the rest of the body. Mitochondria- ingest, digest, and convert nutrients to energy Organelles-specialized tissue cells that have specific functions for body Nucleus Cytoplasm- jelly-like substance that protects the nucleus Neuroglial Cells- protective insulation for neurons Neurotransmitters- pass the neural impulse from 1 neuron to another. PNS- Peripheral Nervous System- functions as liaison between the CNS + rest of the body CNS- Central Nervous System-receives, processes, and responds to impulse.

Nervous System

Special Senses Key terms: Function: Sensory irid/o- iris input, they monitor -cusis hearing stimuli in the -opia vision condition environment. ot/o- ear Careers: tympan/o- tympanometry Audiologist- Specialist, works with ophthalm/o- eye hearing, balance, and related -metry process of measuring disorders. Optometrist- Perform eye exams, Diseases/disorders: diagnose eye diseases and Cataract- clouding of lens; swelling, impairments, and can prescribe redness, and crusting along eyelid glasses and contacts. Tinnitus- A ringing, buzzing, sensation Vocabulary: when no sound is present Cerumen- ¨earwax¨, protects middle ear by trapping debris. Anosmia- absence of sense of smell Incus-middle anvil shaped auditory ossicle Nystagmus- repetitive, involuntary Stapes-Inner, stirrup shaped auditory ossicle movement of eye(s), limited visual activity. Mastication-chewing Deglutition- swallowing Iris- pigmented muscular layer surrounds the pupil Rods- black and white Cones- color Lacrimal Sac- holds tears until drained into ducts Optic Disc- ¨blindspot¨ light from object is focused on object, it disappears from field of vision Eye Picture: Ear Picture: Nose Picture: Tongue Picture: Skin Picture:

Cardiovascular System Diseases/Disorders: Key Terms: Function: inhaling fresh air, air Aneurysm- balloon-like dilation of an artery or Cardi/o-heart exchange, exhaling old air. blood vessel. Angi/o- blood vessel Angina- ¨angina pectoris¨. Severe and constricting Hem/o, Hemat/o- blood Careers: pain in the chest Brady- slow Cardiovascular technologist- Tachycardia- fast heart rate Tachy- fast hypotension- lower than normal blood pressure thromb/o- clot assists doctors in diagnosing -emia blood condition and treating heart conditions. Vocabulary: leuk/o- white Telemetry Nurse- monitors Epicardium-innermost layer of pericardium Erythr/o- red patients heart rhythm. Must Myocardium-middle muscular layer Arteri/o- artery have BSN or ASN. Endocardium-lines inner chambers and covers valves Atria-receives blood from veins Picture: Ventricles-pumps blood into lungs and rest of body Blood Pressure-BP, pressure caused by the blood against arteries/veins Diastolic BP-relaxing of ventricles Systolic BP-contraction of ventricles Conduction-electric current in heart causing myocardium to contract Sphygmomanometer-blood pressure gauge and cuff

Respiratory System Diseases/ Disorders: Croup- a barking cough and high pitched breathing in children. Key Terms: Function: Cystic Fibrosis- CF, inherited disease that affects the Bronch/o- bronchus; bronchial tube inhaling air, respiratory system, sweat glands, and pancreas. Cyan/o- blue air exchange, Nasopharyngitis- short term inflammation of the Laryng/o- larynx; voice box exhaling mucous membranes, ¨rhinopharyngitis¨, common -Oxia oxygen cold. Oxy- oxygen Pneumothorax- air/ gas in pleural space. Pleur/o- pleura Careers- Pneum/o- lung; air Thoracic Surgeon- Md who performs surgical procedures on Pulmon/o- lung organs in the chest. Thorac/o- chest Respiratory Therapist- Monitor patients who have conditions and Trache/o- trachea; windpipe diseases that affect their breathing. Vocabulary: Pharynx-throat, passageway that food, air, and liquids move through Larynx-voice box Epiglottis-leaf shaped, closes trachea when swallowing Trachea-windpipe Bronchi- 2 tubes that carry air from trachea to the lungs Lungs-2 spongy organs in thoracic cavity that add Oxygen to blood Ventilation- process of air moving in and out of the lungs (breathing) Inspiration-inhaling, breathing in Expiration- exhaling Respiration- Gas exchange (Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide) Picture:

Digestive System Vocabulary: Mouth-food enters Key Terms: Function: ingestion, Pharynx-airway Cholecyst/o-gallbladder digestion, absorption, Esophagus- connects to the stomach, carries food Enter/o- small intestine, elimination. Stomach- produces gastric fluids to aid in digestion intestines Peristalsis- muscular action that moves food down Col/o, Colon/o-colon the pharynx Hepat/o-liver Pancreas- produces enzymes that aid in digestion Gastr/o-stomach Large Intestine/ Colon- connects to the ileum and Or/o-mouth continues to anus -Pepsia digestion Gallbladder- aids in digestion, stores bile Chol/e- gall;bile Deglutition- swallowing Proct/o- rectum;anus Mastication- chewing Diseases and Disorders: Careers: Appendicitis- inflammation of appendix; a blockage Dental Hygienist- licensed to causing an infection clean, x-ray, give fluoride Cholecystitis- Gallbladder inflammation treatment, and educate patients Cholelithiasis- Stones in gallbladder about hygiene. Crohn's- Chronic disease; digestive tract is inflamed. Gastroenterologist- Physician, specializes in conditions and Picture: diseases of the digestive system.

Urinary System Vocabulary: Kidneys- waste storage, filtration, and excretion Key Terms: Function: Filtration, Ureters- transport urine from kidneys to bladder -Cele hernia; swelling; waste storage and Urinary Bladder- stores urine until it is excreted protrusion excretion, hormone Urethra-transports urine from bladder, excretes -Lysis breakdown; production, and out of body separation; loosening maintaining Urine- liquid waste, produced by kidneys. Cyst/o- cyst; fluid sac; homeostasis. Enuresis-involuntary discharge of urine bladder Diuresis- abnormal increase of urine Nephr/o- kidney Diseases/Disorders- Urinary retention-inability to completely empty Ren/o- kidney Cystitis- inflamed bladder bladder -Uria urination; condition of Diabetes- condition, Incontinence- involuntary, loss of control over urine excessive amounts of bladder -Pexy surgical fixation urine Oliguria- small amount of urine is produced -Ectasis dilation; expansion Interstitial Cystitis- bladder Pyel/o- renal pelvis wall is chronically inflamed Nephrolithiasis- kidney stones ¨Renal Calculi¨ Careers: Urologist- Physician, specializes in diseases in the male urinary system. Case Management Nurse (CMN)- Registered Nurse (RN), makes sure that their patient gets the most effective care for their conditions, improving their conditions and maintaining the costs. Picture:

Reproductive Systems Vocabulary: Testicles- Male gonads responsible for making gametes Key Terms: Penis- contains male urethra Cervic/o- Cervix; Neck of Cervix Seminal Vesicles-2 glands at the base of the bladder, Salping/o- Eustachian/ Fallopian empties into ejaculatory duct Tube Prostate Gland- under bladder, secretes thick fluid that Ov/o- Ovum (egg) lowers acidity of semen Orchid/o- Testis, Testicle Semen- sperm-containing fluid expelled from penis Oophor/o- Ovary Ovaries-2 oval shaped organs filled with eggs Men/o- Menses; Menstruation Vagina- birth canal Mamm/o- Breast Umbilical Cord-passes mother’s nutrients to fetus Gynec/o- Female; Woman Embryo- fetus Colp/o- Vagina Pregnancy- fetus continues to grow after conception. Prostat/o- Prostate Gland Careers: Diseases/Disorders: Certified Nurse Midwife (CNM)- A RN who Azoospermia- No sperm in semen, has additional training in obstetrics and infertility gynecology. Specializes in preventive care, Prostatorrhea- Abnormal flow of annual exams, reproductive health, and prostatic fluid through the urethra deliveries of babies. Menometrorrhagia- Irregular and Pharmacist- Focus on effective and safe use excessive bleeding during of medication. They prepare and dispense menstruation and between periods, prescribed medications, and answer the possibly leads to anemia. patient’s questions about the medications. Mastalgia- Breast pain, might signal noncancerous condition called mastodynia Picture (male)- Picture (female)-

Citation Stanhope, L., & Turnbull, K. (n.d.). Search. Retrieved September 14, 2020, from https://www.g-wonlinetextbooks.com/introduction-medical-terminol ogy-2017/