3rdt Phaase | Mastering The English Language | Razibul Hoq Raz Page | 463 এ টি নলজ নেবাে িে রার আনে যহন্ার নবনভন্ন নবষে নবনবিো রা উনিত। b)after (time) Adverbial Clause Reduced Clause ������ After I graduated from ������ After graduating from university, I had to get a job. university, I had to get a job. আমি মিশ্বমিদ্যালয় থেকে স্নাতে েরার পর, মিশ্বমিদ্যালয় থেকে স্নাতে েরার পর আিাকে এেটা আিাকে এেটা চােমর থপকত হকয়মিল। চােমর থপকত হযকেমিল। ������ I had to get a job after ������ After she had lunch, she graduating from university. went back to work. মিশ্বমিদ্যালয় থেকে স্নাতে েরার পর আিাকে এেটি চােমর থপকত হকেমিল। ������ Graduating from university, I had to get a job. মিশ্বমিদ্যালয় থেকে স্নাতে েকর আিাকে এেটা চােমর থপকত হয়। ������ After having lunch, she went back to work. ������ After we ate dinner, we went ������ After eating dinner, we went out out for a walk. for a walk. ������ After we had eaten dinner, ������ After having eaten dinner, we we went out for a walk. went out for a walk. ������ Having eaten dinner, we went out for a walk. ������ After he was promoted, he ������ After being promoted, he became more interested in his became more interested in his job. job. ������ After he had been promoted, ������ After having been promoted, he he became more interested in became more interested in his job. his job. b) since (time) Adverbial Clause Reduced Clause ������ Jack has not been back ������ Since coming to Canada last home since he came to year, Jack has not been back Canada last year. home. জ্যাে গত িির োনাডায় একেমিল এর পর থেকে গত িির োনাডায় আোর পর থেকে জ্যাে আর থেকে আর থেকে মিকর আকেমন। মিকর আকেমন। Facebook: Razibul Hoq Raz YouTube: Today’s Just Now Contact: 01628540803
3rdt Phaase | Mastering The English Language | Razibul Hoq Raz Page | 464 ������ Jack has not been back home since coming to Canada last year. জ্যাে গত িির োনাডায় আোর পর থেকে আর থেকে মিকর আকেমন। c) as (time) ➢ Delete \"as\" ➢ Remove the subject ➢ Change the verb to the gerund form • As I was falling asleep, I thought about my friends in Italy. -> Falling asleep, I thought about my friends in Italy. • As she was driving to work, she saw a deer in the road. -> Driving to work, she saw a deer in the road. ⇛ As Jack touched me by accident, he fell to the ground. Adverb Clause (D.C.) (I.C.) =জযা েখে দুঘেটোবশত আমান স্প্শে রল, যস মাটিনত পনড় যেল। ⇛ Touching me by accident, Jack fell to the ground. Participial Phrase (I.C.) =দুঘেটোবশত আমান স্প্শে নর, জযা মাটিনত পনড় োে। As soon as(Time) • Delete as soon as and replace with \"upon\" or \"on\" • Remove the subject • Change the verb to the gerund form Examples: • As soon as she finished the report, she gave it to the boss. > Upon finishing the report, she gave it to the boss. • As soon as we woke up, we got our fishing poles and went to the lake. > On waking up, we got our fishing poles and went to the lake. Facebook: Razibul Hoq Raz YouTube: Today’s Just Now Contact: 01628540803
3rdt Phaase | Mastering The English Language | Razibul Hoq Raz Page | 465 Reducing Adverb Clauses of Causality Adverb clauses of causality (providing the reason for something) are introduced by the subordinating conjunctions \"because,\" \"since\" and \"as.\" Each of these reduce in the same manner. • Delete all the reason subordinators because, since and as • Remove the subject • Change the verb to the gerund form d) because (reason) ⇛ I use the sunglasses because I don't like sunlight. Adverb Clause (D.C.) (I.C.) আনম সােগ্লাস বযবহার নর ারর্ আনম সূনেরে আনলা পেি নর ো। Not liking sunlight, I use the sunglasses. Participial Phrase (I.C.) সূনেরে আনলা পেি ো রাে, আনম সােগ্লাস বযবহার নর। If adverbial clause mentions an event which happened before the event in main clause, then we prefer “having V3” (perfect participle). ⇛ Because I injured my back yesterday, I now have difficulty in walking. = ারর্ আনম েত াল আমার নপন আঘাত যপনেনে, আমার এখে হাাঁ টনত অসুনবধা হনি। Having injured my back yesterday, I now have difficulty in walking. =গতিাে আমার কপথঠ আঘাত পাওোে, আমার এখে হাঁা টনত অসুনবধা হনি। ⇛ Because she has a test next week, she is studying very hard. = ারর্ পনরর সপ্তানহ তার এ টি পরীক্ষা আনে, যস খুব ন ার পড়ানশাো রনে। Having a test next week, she is studying very hard. পনরর সপ্তানহ এ টি পরীক্ষা র্থা াে, নতনে খুব ন ার পড়ানশাো রনেে। Facebook: Razibul Hoq Raz YouTube: Today’s Just Now Contact: 01628540803
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