Teknologi

TECHNOLOGY

WE ARE MORSK EDITOR IN CHIEF HEAD OF PROOFREADING Bendik H. Jacobsson Mats Jomar Rundhaug Graphic Design Graphic Design HEAD OF DESIGN HEAD OF ECONOMY Nina E. Martinsen Joachim Stenvold Graphic Design Thomasine Valentine Alnes Economics and Business HEAD OF ILLUSTRATION Administration Lars Aurland Graphic Design HEAD OF COOPERATION Zahra Ahmed Studentmagasinet MORSK Interaction Design 7th issue, Technology Januar 2020 BOARD MEMBER Vilde Marie Kingsrød Graphic Design SOCIAL MEDIA COVER ILLUSTRATION @studentmagasinetMorsk Martine Lauritzen @magasinetMorsk Graphic Design Print: by Kobolt Printshop Run: 200 pcs Paper: 170g (cover) & 115g Multidesign original white Typography: Mrs Eaves XL 11/16pt, Mr Eaves & Butler

CONTENT WRITERS LEDER Bendik H. Jacobsson 3 ROBOTER, MASKINER OG AUTOMATISERING 5 Joachim Stenvold 11 THE SNORE AND THE ROAR 14 Amici Nybråten 21 A NEW WORLD Nakul Pathak CHECKMATE Chetana Pandit Karande ILLUSTRATORS Lars Aurland Ravn Adrian Ravndal 4 Henrik Kongsli Gjerde Elin Hansen Akerhaugen og Maren Lieng Austegard 8 Nadia Dahl Krog  Vilde Marie Kingsrød Vilde Katrine Skardal 10 Preben Nilsen Kemi 14 17 18 19 PHOTOGRAPHERS Hanna Sofie Haga Nielsen May Lam 2, 7, 20, 24 12, 13



Knowledge for a better world… Ever since our prehistoric days, we have been dependent on technology in our daily lives; through evolution, we gained the ability to control fire and to utilize tools to survive. Technology has also impacted the way we communicate, and some may claim that language is the greatest invention of all time. With Gutenberg’s printing press, we ushered into a modern era of human history. Telephones and the internet have allowed humans to interact directly on a global scale, which has also further supported the development of additional technologies through research and education. And here at NTNU Gjøvik, we have the competence to conduct the highest form of technological research and education in the country. Although technology has simplified the way we communicate, it has also affected how we do it. To us that have become fully immersed in the digital age, it is difficult to imagine a world without smartphones and the internet. Much of today’s communication occurs in a chatroom and not in-person, which may have affected this generation’s skills during social interactions. Like the ability to read body language in face-to-face encounters. Technology is a wide term, and everyone will interpret its meaning in their own, personal way. We at MORSK have therefore loosened the restrictions on the subject. In this issue, which consists of several different interpretations on the matter; We hope you will appreciate what we have to offer, whether it is written, shot or illustrated. There will be some non-fiction that discusses the impact of technology in our society, and there will be some sci-fi, where your imagination can run wild. We present to you our 7th issue of MORSK! Bendik H. Jacobsson Editor in Chief LEDER 3

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Roboter, maskiner og automatisering Written by Joachim Stenvold En dag kommer nok ansatte, mer eller mindre å forsvinne fra butikker, slik vi er vant med. Det er en evig debatt om både de positive sidene og de negative sidene ved å bytte ut ansatte med maskiner skal bli en enorm stor satsing på alle områder i næringslivet. Enkelte bedrif- ter har allerede satt i gang prosessen med å teste ut systemer som skal erstatte de ansatte. Noe vi kanskje ikke tenker så mye over i debatten er de små, men likevel ganske viktige aspektene ved å bytte ut mennesker med maskiner, er det mellommenneskelige som skjer i samtale mellom ansatte og kunder. Kan vi spørre en robot om anbefalinger? Kan vi sammenligne oss med roboter og deres «erfaringer»? Er robotene programmert for å gi et svar ut fra en analyse av deg som person, generelt av kundemassen eller ut fra hva bedriften ønsker å selge deg? Jeg kjenner på meg selv, at noen ganger har jeg ikke behov for å slå av en samtale når jeg gjør et kjøp, det vil da være fantastisk å bare dra innom butikken, ta det jeg skal ha og betale med en gang. Andre ganger føler jeg for å slå av en samtale. Kan ikke legge skjul på at enkelte samtaler har gjort dagen min mye bedre, ved at jeg føler meg sett, og kan ha en samtale om egne og den ansattes produkterfaringer. Det jeg som kunde legger ekstremt mye merke til er de ansatte som gjør det lille ekstra ved å by på seg selv, blir kjent med kundene sine og viser nysgjerrighet for hvem du er som person. Kan roboter overta slike samtaler, nå eller i fremtiden? Noen av de positive sidene ved å automatisere og robotisere en bedrift, er at det blir lønnsomt ved å redusere utgifter på områdene en ikke har behov for ansatte. De ansatte har krav på tillegg i lønn ved blant annet jobb på kveldstid, helg og helligdager, mens en maskin ikke krever ekstra utgifter i de samme periodene bortsett fra blant annet strøm, programvare, oppdateringer og service ved behov. Maskiner har heller ikke behov for ferie, feriepenger, sykemeldinger og sykedager. Derimot kan de ha feil ved leveranse, bli ødelagt, utdatert og få programvarefeil, derfor er det noen utgifter som kan komme uforutsett. Derimot, hvis alt fungerer som det skal over lengre tider, kan det spare bedrif- ten store summer. 5

Noen av de positive sidene ved å automatisere og robotisere en bedrift, er at det blir lønnsomt ved å redusere utgifter på områdene en ikke har behov for ansatte. De ansatte har krav på tillegg i lønn ved blant annet jobb på kveldstid, helg og helligdager, mens en maskin ikke krever ekstra utgifter i de samme periodene bortsett fra blant annet strøm, programvare, oppdateringer og service ved behov. Maskiner har heller ikke behov for ferie, feriepenger, sykemeldinger og sykedager. Derimot kan de ha feil ved leveranse, bli ødelagt, utdatert og få programvarefeil, derfor er det noen utgifter som kan komme uforutsett. Derimot, hvis alt fungerer som det skal over lengre tider, kan det spare bedrif- ten store summer. Vi kan tenke at i løpet av ett år har en bedrift 60 ansatte som i gjennomsnitt kommer ett minutt for seint hver dag på grunn av situasjoner skapt av dem selv, enten selvforskyldt eller uforutsette situasjoner som oppstår. Det er en time hver dag som kunne vært unngått eller minimert ved at maskiner tar over de fleste ansattes roller i bedriften som ikke kommer tidsnok til sin arbeidsplass. Slik som utviklingen ser ut til å gå, vil det i fremtiden være færre arbeidsplasser som krever ingen eller lav kompetanse. Det vil mest sannsynlig føre til at flere må ta høyere utdanning, som også risikerer å bli tatt over av maskiner. Likevel er det for tidlig å si at «slik blir det», men risikoen for at det blir slik er ekstremt stor. Ved å se på for eksempel tidligere arbeidsoppgaver som ble gjort av ansatte som har over tid blitt overtatt av maskiner, kan vi se at det vil komme endringer. Slik utviklingen er nå innenfor teknologi, vet vi at endringene har tatt mye kortere tid de siste årene i forhold til hvis vi ser tilbake 10, 20 eller 30 år. 6

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The Snore and the Roar [Part 4] Written by Amici Nybråten So she pleaded with the god But the god became mighty angry And made him her deity And the god cursed the folk And in a rare exchange But to the people only laziness He showed here some pity Appalling feelings did evoke But our hero and our girl So witnessing his powerlessness Listening to this coward Witnessing the end of his days Convinced the long-time pious He sought out this little girl That the snore-god should be overpowered! Who now was a woman of age And on the god’s weakness He descended from the skies She was replied by the priestess While she tended her new kid ”My new young ally, And with those giant nostrils what he hates, is fitness!” Pretty scarier than squid! Thinking about the world He posed vaguely human’n’horrific An idea was then born As much a monster as he possibly could A rally for the people But of the nostrils she only laughed At the sound of the horn! And he greatly misunderstood For people rallied for exercise His fucked-up face angered A revolution for throats! And to our woman he said: Running instead of riding! ”I am here to enslave!” Swimming instead of boats! And the woman was not misled People smiled and felt some joy But acquaintance with the north Their nights having been quieter It’d proved mighty essential Running next to each other ’Cause those happy witches Together being a rioter! Gave her somethin’ substantial! 11

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A New World Written by Nakul Pathak Ryan got up in his bed, slightly unsure of the things going on around him. He felt that it had been a really long time since he fell asleep. Last night’s party was something different. He barely managed to remember a few blurred scenes sometime after the party began. He remembered cursing someone at work and making his life miserable. It was completely unexpected behaviour of him, one that he thought he would never be having. Mere thoughts were not going to make any change around him and he knew it. He pushed himself into his daily, monotonous life. Knowing he was restless in his sleep, the smart home assistant started some soothing music to kill anxiety. By this time, he was already used to this emotionless care his house showed for him. He listened to the digital assistant reading news to him, though he was lost somewhere in his thoughts. “Why can’t they let me handle it?” he mumbled in an empty intelligent house where the walls listened and responded to every bit of sound. The home assistant took a note of his restlessness. Ryan was one of the brightest minds in his team. D.T. Fintech was the most successful financial advisory. They corrected decisions and made profitable choices on behalf of clients by using their system and team’s expertise. Their system was doing a perfectly good job with data and people. Nobody cared about how the system managed to do it. 14

Back in 2032, Ryan and his team worked hard for his client’s trade and made them a fortune within a few months. This was all based on software they made from scratch. Earlier, the system - SysDT, calculated the risks involved and thus gave out predictions and numbers related to a particular business scenario based on certain criterion. It would show all possible outcomes with probability of occurrence. Ryan spent almost half a decade of his life to improve SysDT, at the cost of ruining his personal life. He wasn’t the least bothered about it anyway. SysDT had turned into a monster by now. It worked with another demon of the digital era – National database. It logged every single possible detail related to anyone. All pillars of society were dependent on this, for their own interests. Political parties, educational institutes, healthcare giants manipulated and used this against crowds, all legally and in the name of having something better. “We are entering a new self governing society”, the President had said. People were happy to believe in their understanding of reality. Little did they know that they are not in charge of their lives. SysDT was built to rank people based on several parameters. Several parties exploited this to make predictions and polarise the views of a crowd. By now, system had learnt to do all of this on its own. So much so that people believed in this black box and continued to live carefree. Ryan came out of his thoughts and realised it was time to go. He had lost another big trade negotiation with another giant corporation. This was his 3rd largest blunder accor- ding to the system. He had tried to get past the system to do things his way but it refused. He was dreading today more than any other day. It was his last strike by the system. Anyo- ne who crossed it, had to appear in front of a jury who took matters further. He anxiously gestured the key at his self driving car to start and hastily took control to drive. Arriving at work he carelessly ignored the warning that the system threw. He headed to his desk to sort things out. He was praying hard at the same time. All of that went down the drain when he saw the message “Access blocked. One Important message.” Ryan hurriedly clicked to view it. A high priority meeting was already set up with the jury. Ryan started to find a loophole in his whole story. It wasn’t the jury that he was worried about. It was too much interference of the system that was causing the trouble. There were too many expectations from him. “What is the worst that could happen? I could be asked to work on a stupid assignment, that’s all!”. The jury used part of the system which analysed and graded the decisions made, unlawfully stealing data from National database. After all, it was just learned behaviour so far. Ryan sat worried with his team. They were sympathetic towards him, because he doubted himself more than anything else. He entered the room, which had displays and a human with no expressions. The panel member had the least power in the entire process. 15

Meeting started and he got cold feet. He was supposed to explain himself to the system. The jury started showing him incidents one by one. His answer would be analysed and marked as truthful or untruthful. There were far too many things happening this time. SysDT had already gotten evidence from National Database. Events from his house declared that he was stressed at the time of decision. Things were already against him but he had no clue of all this happening. A human panel member would acknowledge the decision, as he did not have any choice. The member would not risk his truthfulness rank just to save one person. The panel member’s emotions were just a grey area for the system’s black and white world. Scared, he thought that he will hide his emotions and just act. He nervously started talking and the jury began. Soon after the system flashed all artefacts on screen. Seeing that, he was shocked to the very bone of his body. He was declared untruthful and not fit to work. He was shaken after seeing moments from his personal lives as proof to support the decision by jury. Before he could make sense of everything around him, the decision was approved. He had lost his job and was prohibited to work anywhere else. Frustrated, he screamed at the person on the panel and threw the chair at the dis- plays. Alas, it was all over! Behind the scenes, the self learning algorithm, learnt a new human behaviour and marked this as its “Best Judgement”. It had crossed out another name from the list. A message was passed again – “It’s a new world and we rule them all!” 16

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Checkmate Written by Chetana Pandit Karande It was an odd hour in the middle of the night for Kile to wake up to an emergency call and having to rush to the office. It was surprising to get a call from the monitoring team to the CEO of the company to resolve why the system had stopped working all of a sudden. Never in the period of last 40 years had this happened. Not even when Kile’s father, Ritwik, invented this technology and started mass producing it. Nothing like this happened when the system was matured – then how come it happened now? During the last ten years Kile has been taking care of the company, after his dad decided to retire. Since childhood, Kile saw his father buckling down to expand this technology. He hadn’t just gotten the ‘technology genes’ passed to him from his father, but his learning ability was exceptionally fast as well. His curiosity and voluntary involvement made his father trust him to be a faithful owner of Maverick Technologies. It had been 47 years since Ritwik found the root of a technology which is now an essential part of everyday life. He was walking over a frozen sea during a dark winter day, high up in northern Norway. He saw a flickering light beneath the ice and thought some­thing was stuck underneath it. But when he got close to it, he could see that it was just a chip of flashing light. A rather strange thing to find in such a rural area. Ritwik took it with him and started playing around with it in his electrical lab. He was so curious to find out what it does and what powers it, as there was no battery to power the chip. Within a week he managed to connect it to a computer, and found out it is just like any other processor chip that follows commands given by you. But with just one additional function: It was self-learning. It would observe the environment, remember, and execute commands with the highest precision. No one in the 21st century was able to boil down the Machine Learning and AI concept to such a small chip. This was a solution to any complex problem Ritwik thought about. He didn’t realise when his curiosity changed into a hunger of becoming the master of the knowledge to solely solve his problems. He hacked into a college database and manipulated the system to get him the best academic score. 21

Two years after Ritwik had discovered the chip, the big news got spread around the world – about finding unknown objects in the Arctic Ocean. Greenland and Iceland had confirmed discovering strange metal and fibre pieces on their coastal lines. Summing up what this all could be, there was a high chance that a spaceship tried to land on earth, but failed to do so safely. There were no signs near the northern part of Norway yet. But UFO was suspecting presence of more such material near the coast of Norway. Authorities were visiting every house to ask if anyone had found anything unusual in their area. Ritwik could easily foresee the consequences of giving away the chip, leading to a great loss. He decided to stay silent about it and lied to the authorities. Ritwik did not stop misusing the chip to his advantage. He got a good job based on his scores and performance. He started using the chip for his office work too. So much that it didn’t take his managers long to recognise him as a bright talent. He was climbing up the ladder with an impressive speed. All these achievements made him even more ambitious to start something of his own. Ritwik duplicated the chip and started to mass produce it. He founded Maverick Tech to deliver modern solutions for a better society. It did not take much time to get global attention to his company, as his solutions were getting used by nearly all of the tech giants. Face detection, crime detection, train schedule managing, accident detection and prevention systems, defence forces, aircrafts, ships, self-driving vehicles – name any industry, it already had more than one solution of Maverick Tech at its core infrastructure. Ritwik was known to be the father of this new invention. He was now an expert at making such chips. It always needed a master to control its actions. Ritwik had very well managed to hide the original chip and the location he discovered it. He had also protected the chip manufacturing with strong security, so that no one would be able to duplicate it or compete with him in this market. But he kept wondering, if this chip was so proactively learning the environment around it and analysed data fed to it, how come it never took actions of its own? The chips always had a port to connect to something – it always seemed incomplete. After 30 years of successfully operating this technology, it was time to hand it all over to someone who Ritwik could trust to the core. Afterall, his son was the only person who had grown up watching him work so hard, day and night, on this. Till this day, no problem was raised with the chip. This emergency call at Maverick Tech made both Kile and Ritwik concerned about what was happening. They got to know from core technology team that all the chips from their office had stopped working, and that some sort of signal was coming to them. The source was not defined. Ritwik was surprised to see this, and doubted that the main chip had stopped working too. He went to check the original chip, and quickly found out that it was the only one that still worked – but it had stopped doing any tasks. It was just showing a message to accept the signals sent 22

from far away. In a fraction of a second Ritwik was shocked, thinking if it was connected to that spaceship from 40 years back. What if this was the missing piece? After some time the message changed into “Master signal arriving. Restarting in 100 seconds.” The countdown started. It was a one-way signal and there was no option to abort. Kile wasn’t sure why Ritwik was so shocked. Ritwik had not told Kile about the origi- nal chip and was scared if the people that sent that spaceship were trying to control it. Kile was assuming it was just another message asking the master system, designed by him, to take control. But only Ritwik knew what was happening here. Aborting this meant that all chips would remain down. And he was not sure if they would ever start again. Not aborting meant letting the unknown gain control of this humongous network of chips that were literally running the day-to-day lives of a lot of people. It was purely a decision between trusting your knowledge to recreate the techno- logy for the good, and letting the greed of “something more” take over what is in balance. Would it make him the prisoner of the technology if he chose the first option? Or would refusing to accept the incoming signal and build everything from scratch make him the master? 23



STUDENTMAGASINET The MORSK student magazine aims to publish feature material for students at NTNU as well as being part of the student welfare offers at NTNU in Gjøvik. We offer an educational arena where anyone interested can develop their skills in writing, design, photography, concept work and working in teams. Working with MORSK give our members something to show for after the study days are over, and until then provides food for thought for their fellow student readers. Something on your mind? Ideas keeping you up at night? Reach out to us at [email protected] @studentmagasinetMorsk @magasinetMorsk