Health Science System Research -Final Product

Health Science System Research By: Anjali Patel Mr. Pickett 1B

Integumentary System ★ Derm/o, Dermat/o: skin Function: acts as barrier to protect body from Vocabulary: ★ Kerat/o: tissue outside world -Epidermis:outer layer of skin ★ Xer/o: dry -Dermis: second layer, beneath the ★ Xanth/o: yellowish ★ Erythr/o: red Diseases/Disorders: Acne(pimples), epidermis ★ Pedicu/o: lice ★ Onchy/o: nails Vitiligo(white patches of skin), Ichthyosis(dry, -Subcutaneous Layer: deepest ★ Myc/o: fungus thick skin), Athlete’s foot(foot rash) ★ Pil/o: hair layer ★ Lip/o: fat Health Care Careers: Dermatologist(skin -Keratin: fiber protein, for ( nails, doctor), plastic surgeon(fixes ski/parts through surgery) hair) - -Callus: thickened portion of skin -Melanin: gives skin pigment, color -Basal cell carcinoma: cells of ★ Rhytid/o: sebum Elements: skin, hair, nails, glands, nerves lowest layer of epidermis enter dermis/hypodermis ★ Albin/o: deficient pigmintation -Lenula: cresent shaped area of fingernail -Sebum: fatty or oil secretion -Albinism: absense of pigment in the skin

Musculoskeletal System ★ my/o: muscle Function: Provides, form, support, stability, Vocabulary: ★ myel/o: bone marrow -Articular cartilage: thin layer of cartilage ★ oste/o: bone and movement of body ★ cost/o: rib covering the bone in the joint space. ★ crani/o: skull Diseases/Disorders: Tendonitis(inflammation -Bone: hard connective tissue ★ -pexy: surgical fixation -Calcium: mineral constituent in bone ★ chondr/o: cartilage of the tendon) -Cancellous bone: bone tissue in the inner ★ arthr/o: joint Carpal Tunnel Syndrome( median nerve gets part of a bone ★ -plegia: paralysis, stroke compressed, weakness in hand) -Cartilage: flexible connective tissue ★ Kinesi/o: motion, movement Osteoporosis(fragile bones) -Collagen: dense, connective tissue protein Rheumatoid Arthritis( joints are attacked and strands found in bone & tissue become sore) -Compact bone: Hard bone tissue found on outer part of bone Healthcare careers: Orthopedic -Fontanelle: soft spot between skull bones in an infant surgeons(bone surgeons), Chiropracters(adjust -Ossification: process of bone formation and manipulate system parts) -Red bone marrow: found in cancellous bone, site of hematopoises Elements: Muscles, Bones, Tendons, Ligaments, cartilage, connective tissue

Nervous System ★ Neur/o: nerve Function: Recieve information about Vocabulary: ★ Encephalo: Brain(in the head) evironmant around us, and generate -(CNS)central nervous system: brain and spinal ★ Myel/o:spinal cord and responses. Take care of responses all over the cord medulla oblangata body -(PNS)peripheral nervous system: everything else in the body ★ Ambul/o:to walk -Sensory/Afferent: nerve fibers that send ★ -estheisa: nervous sensation ★ mening/o: meninges Diseases/Disorders: Alzeimer’s impulses to the CNS from recpetors in body ★ Psych/o: mental ★ concuss/o: concussion disease(condition of memory loss), Bell’s -Motor/Efferent: In PNS, from CNS to effector Palsy(weakness/paralysis of half of the face), Epilapsy( misfiring of the neurons), Multiple organs, muscles and glands Scelerosis(immune system eats away at the -Sympathetic: mobilizes body during activity, in thoracic and lumbar parts of spinal cord - Neurons: cells that conduct messages in nerve impulses and transmit messages throughout protecting covering of the nerves the body -Axon: neuron process that carried messages from nerve -Myelin sheath: surrounds all neurons as a Healthcare careers: Neurosurgeon(brain protective layer surgeon), Nueroscience Researcher ( research -Endorphins: act as painkillers, reduce pain conitions relating neurology) -Neurotransmitters: neuron communicates with others to send processes throughout hte body through transmitters Elements: brain, spinal cord

Special Senses ★ Irid/o: iris of the eye Function:detect environmental stimuli and Vocabulary: ★ -cusis: hearing ★ -opia:vision transduce their energy into electrical impulses. -Conjuctiva: covers outer part of the ★ ot/o: ear eyelid ★ tympan/o: denoting ear Diseases/Disorders: Cataracts(change in -Special Sense Receptors: large ★ opthalm/o: eye cloudyness the lens of an eye), complex organs of receptors ★ -metry: process of Glaucomaeye conditions that damage the -Scelera: protective part of the fibrous optic nerve), Ptosis(drooping of the eyelid), layer measurement Cholesteatoma(skin growth in abnormal -Optic Nerve: The way through which position, the middle ear behind the eardrum signals leave the retina -Retina: innermost sensory layer in the Healthcare careers: opthalmologist(eye eye that is delicate & dual layered doctor/surgery), otolaryngologist(ear -Auricle: the external ear; directs doctor, checks ear, throat, etc.) sounds deeper into the ear -Tympanic Membrane: the eardrum Elements: eye, ear, nose, toungue -Ossicles: 3 tiny bones: malleus, incus, & stapes -Cochlea: bony fluid filled tube: sound waves trigger impulses through this -Papillae: small elevated bumps on toungue

Cardiovascular System ★ cardi/o: heart Function: maintain blood flow from heart to Vocabulary: ★ angi/o: vessel rest of the body, travels through veins ★ hem/o, hemat/o: blood -Aorta: largest artery in the body ★ -brady: slow Diseases/Disorders: congenital heart -Artery: carries blood away from the ★ -tachy: fast disease(buldup of plaque), myocardial heart, largest blood vessel in body ★ thromb/o: blood clot infarction(heart attack), coronary artery -Atrium: 1 of 2 upper chambers of the ★ -emia: blood condition disease( narrowing of the arteries), heart ★ leuk/o: white blood cells angina(chest pain due to redeuced blood -Capillaries: materials pass to and from ★ erythr/o: red blood cells flow to heart) the bloodstream through this, smallest ★ arteri/o: artery -Coronary Arteries: branch from the Healthcare careers: cardiovascular aorta, carry blood to heart-muscle I&S Vena ceva-right atrium-tricuspid surgeon(heart surgeon), cardiologist(doctor -Electrocardiogram: records electric valve-right ventricle-pulmonary of heart, checks heart normality) flow through the heart valve-pulmonary artery-lung-pulmonary -Endocardium: inner lining of the heart veins-left atrium-mitral valveleft ventrixle-aortic Elements: hearlungst, , veins, arteries, -Murmur: abnormal sound caused by valve-aorta-body improper shutting of the heart coronary and portal veins -Deoxygenated: oxygen-poor blood -SA node: special nervoud tissue in the right atrium that begins the heart beat, ( pacemaker of heart)

Respiratory System ★ Bronch/o: bronchus Function: network of organs and tissues that help Vocabulary: ★ Cyan/o: blue ★ laryng/o: larynx you breath, absorbs oxygen and lets our carbon - Larynx: voicebox ★ -oxia: oxygen dioxide -Pharynx: throat, helps food and air pass ★ oxy- : oxygen -Trachea: tube that helps air pass to the ★ pleur/o: rib Diseases/Disorders: chronic bronchitis: (long lungs ★ pneum/o: breathing, -Bronchi: air from term inflammation of the brocnhi), Pneumonia:(fluid trachea-bronchus-bronchi, help air pass respiration filled air sacs), Cystic Fibrosis:( muscus produced by -Bronchioles: smaller tubular bracnhes of ★ pulmon/o: lungs body that clogs the lungs), Emphysema: the airway ★ thorac/o: thorax, chest (enlargement of air space) -Alveoli: tiny air sacs of lung tissue for the ★ trache/o: trachea movement of gases between air and blood Healthcare careers: respiratory therapist(helps -Cilia: short strutures projecting from a cell, that help the cells move throughout the patients with breathing problems normalize their fluids breathing), pulmonologist(doctor of lungs, treating -Mucus: protective secretion of mucous breathing diseases) membrane -Respiration: process where organisms Elements: lungs, blood vessels, nose mouth, obtain energy from organic molecules - Pleura: memrane covering lungs pharynx, layrnx, trachea, bronchi

Digestive System ★ cholecyst/o: gallbladder Function: Responsible for taking whole foods and Vocabulary: ★ enter/o: small intestine ★ col/o, colon/o: large intestine turning them into nutrients and energy to help the - Saliva: a liquid that aids in digestion ★ hepat/o: liver body function. - Peristalsis: smooth muslces that help ★ gastr/o: stomach food move down to stomach ★ or/o: mouth Diseases/Disorders: Gastroesopheageal Reflux -Chyme: mixture of stomach fluids and ★ -pepsia: digestion food ★ chol/e: bile, gall Disease(acid coming up from the stomach), Irritable -Peptic Ulcer: a hole in the stomach wall ★ proct/o: anus, rectum Bowel Syndrome(chronic disease-large intestine -Amylase: enzyme in saliva that breaks not processing correct), peptic ulcer disease(ulcers chemical bonds between sugar in starches in the stomach), hemmaroids(swollen veins in -Small Intestine: most chemical digestion rectum) takes place -Liver: produces bile and filters toxins out Healthcare careers: gastroenterologist(doctor of blood -Large Intestine: organ that removes water of stomach activity), hepatologist(doctor of liver, from undigested material checks liver productivity) -Bile: A fluid with lipids and salt that disolves and disperses fats Elements: mouth, esophagus, small intestine, -Mechanical Digestion: physical digestion that breaks down food into pieces large intestine, gallbladder, stomach, liver, rectum, -Chemical Digestion: chemical digestion anus that breaks food into energy and nutrition

Urinary System ★ -cele: hernia, swelling Function: filter blood, and create urine as a Vocabulary: ★ -lysis: breakdown waste product ★ cyst/o: cyst, fluid sac - renal cortex: contains glomerli and convoluted ★ nephr/o: kidney Diseases/Disorders: Bladder tubules ★ ren/o: kidney -renal pelvis: tube that holds urine till it passes ★ -uria: urine Disease(conditions that affect the bladder), to the ureter ★ -pexy: surgical fixation Kidney Stones(hard stones formed in the -nephrons: tubules that are excretory units for ★ -ectasis: dilation kidneys), Urinalysis(test of urines), Interstitial the vertebrate kindey ★ pyel/o: renal pelvis Cystitis(chronis condition causing bladder -Glomerlus: network of capillaries in the upper pressure and pain) end of nephron; filtiration takes place -filtration: fluids pass by to seperate waste Healthcare careers: Urology(doctor of urinary -urea: waste product formed in liver: filtered out blood by kidneys, and waste by urine problems, treates problems with system), -urochrome: pigmemt that gives yellow color Nephrologists(doctor who spealizes in -urethra: duct though which urine is discharged conditions with the kidney) -creatine: wast eproduct of muslce metabolism, filtered out by kidneys, excreted by urine Elements: kindeys, renal pelvis, ureters, -uric acid: a white odorless crystalline product of protein metabolism bladder, urethra -afferent arteriole: small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the glomerlus -efferent arteriole: small artery that carries blood awat from the capillaries of the glomerlus

Reproductive System ★ cervic/o: cervix Function: To produce egg and sperm cell, To Vocabulary: ★ salping/o: fallopian tube ★ ov/o: egg transport and sustain cells, by To nurture the - Amenorrhea: absense of menstural flow ★ orchid/o: testicle developing offspring -Cervix: opening to the uterus ★ oophor/o: ovary -Areola: circular area around the nipple ★ men/o: menses Diseases/Disorders: Endometriosis(tissue -Clitoris: sensitive erectile tissue anterior to ★ mamm/o: breasts the opening of the urethra ★ gynec/o: gynecology supposed to grow on lining of uterus grows on the -Corona Radiota: the egg is surrounded by ★ colp/o: vagina outside), Uterine Fibroids( noncanceroud growths in this -Ectopic Pregnancy: pregnancy ★ prostat/o: prostate gland the uterus that can grow during pregnancy), outside of the womb, mostly likely in PCOS(enlarged ovaries w/ cysyts on outer edge), fallopian tube STD(infection transmitted through sexual course: -Endometriosis: presense of endometrium bacteria, virus, or parasite) elsewhere in the lining of the uterus -Estrogen: female steroid sex hormone, Healthcare careers: gynecologist(doctor of secreted by the ovary, responsible for typical female sex charecteristics women reprodcutive system), obstetrics(doctor -Fallopian tuba; one of two female fluid who performs process of helping deliver baby) filled tubes through which an egg passes from the ovary Elements: vulva, vaginal opening, uterus, ovaries, -Oogenesis: process of growth and testes, gametes, ovum, fallopian tube formation of ovum in ovary for fertilizatiom