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www.afeias.com 1  UPSC MAINS 2015 Paper   UPSC MAINS-2015 lkekU; v/;;u /GENERAL STUDIES iz’u&i=&2/Paper – 2 fu/kkZfjr le; % rhu ?kaVs vf/kdre vad % 250 Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 250 iz’u&i= lEcU/kh fo’ks\"k vuqns’k ¼mŸkj nsus ds iwoZ fuEufyf[kr funsZ’kksa dks d`Ik;k lko/kkuhiwoZd i<+sa½ dqy chl iz’u fn, x, gSa tks fgUnh ,oa vaxzsth nksuksa esa Nis gSaA lHkh iz’u vfuok;Z gSaA izR;sd iz’u@Hkkx ds fy, fu;r vad mlds lkeus fn, x, gSaA iz’uksa ds mŸkj mlh izkf/kd`r ek/;e esa fy[ks tkus pkfg,] ftldk mYys[k vkids izos’k&i= esa fd;k x;k gS] vkSj bl ek/;e dk Li\"V mYys[k iz’u&lg&mŸkj ¼D;wŒlhŒ,Œ½ iqfLrdk ds eq[ki`\"B ij fufnZ\"V LFkku ij fd;k tkuk pkfg,A izkf/kd`r ek/;e ds vfrfjä vU; fdlh ek/;e esa fy[ks x, mŸkj ij dksbZ vad ugha feysaxsA iz’uksa dh 'kCn lhek] tgk¡ mfYyf[kr gS] dks ekuk tkuk pkfg,A iz’u&lg&mŸkj iqfLrdk esa [kkyh NksM+s x, dksbZ i`\"B vFkok i`\"B ds Hkkx dks iw.kZr% dkV nhft,A QUESTION PAPER SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS (Please read each of the following instructions carefully before attempting questions) There are TWENTY questions printed both in HINDI and in ENGLISH. Each Question carries 12.5 marks. All the questions too compulsory. Answers must be written in the medium authorized in the Admission Certificate which must be stated clearly on the cover of this Question-cum-Answer (QC4) Booklet in the space provided. No marks will be given for answers written in a medium other than the authorized one. Word limit in questions, wherever specified should be adhered to. Any page or portion of the page left blank in the Question-cum-Answer Booklet must be clearly struck off. lHkh iz’uksa ds mŸkj nhft,] izR;sd 200 'kCnksa ls T;knk dk u gksA mŸkj dh fo\"k;oLrq 'kCn&lhek ls vf/kd egŸoiw.kZ gSA

www.afeias.com 2  UPSC MAINS 2015 Paper   Answer all the questions in NOT MORE than 200 words each. Contents of the answers are more important than their length. 1- ppkZ dhft, fd os dkSu&ls laHkkfor dkjd gSa tks Hkkjr dks jkT; dh uhfr ds funs’kd rRo esa iznŸk ds vuqlkj vius ukxfjdksa ds fy, leku flfoy lafgrk dks vfHkfu;fer djus ls jksdrs gSaA Discuss the possible factors that inhibit India from enacting for its citizens a uniform civil code as provided for in the Directive Principles of State Policy. 12½ 2- gky ds o\"kksZa esa lgdkjh ifjla?kokn dh ladYiuk ij vf/kdkf/kd cy fn;k tkrk jgk gSA fo|eku lajpuk esa vlqfo/kkvksa vkSj lgdkjh ifjla?kokn fdl lhek rd bu vlqfo/kkvksa dk gy fudky ysxk] bl ij izdk’k Mkfy,A The concept of cooperative federalism has been increasingly emphasized in recent years. Highlight the drawbacks in the existing structure and the extent to which cooperative federalism would answer the shortcomings. 12½ 3- lqf’kf{kr vkSj O;ofLFkr LFkkuh; Lrj 'kklu&O;oLFkk dh vuqifLFkfr esa ^iapk;rsa^ vkSj ^lfefr;ksa^ eq[;r% jktuhfrd laLFkk,¡ cuh jgh gSa u fd 'kklu ds izHkkoh midj.kA lekykspukiwoZd ppkZ dhft,A In absence of a well-educated and organized local level government system, `Panchayats’ and ‘Samitis’ have remained mainly political institutions and not effective instruments of governance. Critically discuss. 12½ 4- [kki iapk;rsa lafo/kkusrj izkf/kdj.kksa ds rkSj ij izdk;Z djus] vDlj ekuof/kdkj mYya?kuksa dh dksfV esa vkus okys fu.kZ;ksa dks nsus ds dkj.k [kcjksa esa cuh jgh gSaA bl laca/k esa fLFkfr dks Bhd djus ds fy, fo/kkueaMy] dk;Zikfydk vkSj U;k;ikfydk }kjk dh xbZ dkjZokb;ksa ij lekykspukRed ppkZ dhft,A Khap Panchayats have been in the news for functioning as extra-constitutional authorities, often delivering pronouncements amounting to human rights violations. Discuss critically the actions taken by the legislative, executive and the judiciary to set the things right in this regard. 12½ 5- v/;kns’kksa dk vkJ; ysus us ges’kk gh 'kfä;ksa ds i`Fkôdj.k fl)kar dh Hkkouk ds mYYka?ku ij fpark tkx`r dh gSA v/;kns’kksa dks ykxw djus dh 'kfä ds rdkZ/kkj dks uksV djrs gq, fo’ys\"k.k dhft, fd D;k bl eqís ij mPpre U;k;ky; ds fofu’p;ksa us bl 'kfä dk vkJ; ysus dks vkSj lqxe cuk fn;k gSA D;k v/;kn’s kksa dks ykxw djus dh 'kfä dk fujlu dj fn;k tkuk pkfg, \\ Resorting to ordinances has always raised concern on violation of the spirit of separation of powers doctrine. While noting the rationales justifying the power to promulgate ordinances, analyze whether the decisions of the Supreme Court on the issue have further facilitated resorting to this power. Should the power to promulgate ordinances be repealed ? 12½ 6- jk\"Vªifr }kjk gky esa iz[;kfir v/;kns’k ds }kjk ek/;LFke~ vkSj lqyg vf/kfu;e] 1996 esa D;k izeq[k ifjorZu fd, x, gSa \\ ;g Hkkjr ds fookn lek/kku ;kaf=dRo dks fdl lhek rd lq/kkjsxk \\ ppkZ dhft,A What are the major changes brought in the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 through the recent Ordinance promulgated by the President? How far will it improve India’s dispute resolution mechanism? Discuss. 12½ 7- D;k LoPN Ik;kZoj.k ds vf/kdkj esa nhokyh ds nkSjku iVk[ks tykus ds fof/kd fofu;e Hkh 'kkfey gSa \\ bl ij Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 21 ds] vkSj bl laca/k esa 'kh\"kZ U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ;@fu.kZ;ksa ds] izdk’k esa ppkZ dhft,A

www.afeias.com 3  UPSC MAINS 2015 Paper   Does the right to clean environment entail legal regulations on burning crackers during Diwali? Discuss in the light of Article 21 of the Indian Constitution and Judgement(s) of the Apex Court in this regard. 12½ 8- fons’kh vfHknk; ¼fofu;eu½ vf/kfu;e ¼,QŒlhŒvkjŒ,Œ½] 1976 ds v/khu xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa ds fons’kh foŸkh;u ds fu;a=d fu;eksa esa gky ds ifjorZuksa dk lekykspukRed ijh{k.k dhft,A Examine critically the recent changes in the rules governing foreign funding of NGOs under the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act (FCRA), 1976. 12½ 9- vkRefuHkZj lewg ¼,lŒ,pŒthŒ½ cSad vuqaca/ku dk;ZØe ¼,lŒchŒ,yŒihŒ½] tks fd Hkkjr dk Lo;a dk uokpkj gS] fu/kZurk U;wuhdj.k vkSj efgyk l’kähdj.k dk;ZØeksa esa ,d lokZf/kd izHkkoh dk;ZØe lkfcr gqvk gSA lfoLrkj Li\"V dhft,A The Self-Help Group (SHG) Bank Linkage Programme (SBLP), which is India’s own innovation, has proved to be one of the most effective poverty alleviation and women empowerment programmes. Elucidate. 12½ 10- Ik;kZoj.k dh lqj{kk ls lacaf/kr fodkl dk;ksZa ds fy, Hkkjr esa xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa dh Hkwfedk dks fdl izdkj et+cwr cuk;k tk ldrk gS \\ eq[; ck/;rkvksa ij izdk’k Mkyrs gq, ppkZ dhft,A How can the role of NGOs be strengthened in India for development works relating to protection of the environment? Discuss throwing light on the major constraints. 12½ 11- Hkkjr esa mPp f’k{kk dh xq.krk dks varjkZ\"Vªh; Lrj ij izfr;ksxh cukus ds fy, mlesa Hkkjh lq/kkjksa dh vko’;drk gSA D;k vkids fopkj esa fons’kh 'kSf{kd laLFkkvksa dk izos’k ns’k esa mPp vkSj rduhdh f’k{kk dh x.q krk dh izkséfr esa lgk;d gksxk \\ ppkZ dhft,A The quality of higher education in India requires major improvements to make it internationally competitive. Do you think that the entry of foreign educational institutions would help improve the quality of higher and technical education in the country? Discuss. 12½ 12- lkfoZd LokLF; laj{k.k iznku djus esa lkoZtfud LokLF; iz.kkyh dh viuh ifjlhek,¡ gSaA D;k vkids fopkj esa [kkbZ dks ikVus esa futh {ks=d lgk;d gks ldrk gS \\ vki vU; dkSu&ls O;ogk;Z fodYi lq>k,¡xs \\ Public health system has limitations in providing universal health coverage. Do you think that the private sector could help in bridging the gap? What other viable alternatives would you suggest ? 12½ 13- ;|fi Hkkjr esa fu/kZurk ds vusd fofHké izkôyu fd, x, gSa] rFkkfi lHkh le; xqtjus ds lkFk fu/kZurk Lrjksa esa deh vkus dk ladsr nsrs gSaA D;k vki lger gSa \\ 'kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k fu/kZurk ladsrdksa dk mYys[k ds lkFk lekykspukRed ijh{k.k dhft,A Though there have been several different estimates of poverty in India, all indicate reduction in poverty levels over time. Do you agree? Critically examine with reference to urban and rural poverty indicators. 12½ 14- lR;e~ dyadiw.kZ dk;Z ¼2009½ ds izdk’k esa dkWiksjsV 'kklu esa ikjnf’kZrk] tokcnsgh dks lqfuf’pr djus ds fy, yk, x, ifjorZuksa ij ppkZ dhft,A In the light of the Satyam Scandal (2009), discuss the changes brought in corporate governance to ensure transparency, accountability. 12½

www.afeias.com 4  UPSC MAINS 2015 Paper   15- Þ;fn laln esa iVy ij j[ks x, fOglyCyksvlZ vf/kfu;e] 2011 ds l’a kks/ku fcy dks ikfjr dj fn;k tkrk gS] rks gks ldrk gS fd lqj{kk iznku djus ds fy, dksbZ cps gh ughaAß lekykspukiwoZd ewY;kadu dhft,A “If amendment bill to the Whistleblowers Act, 2011 tabled in the Parliament is passed, there may be no one left to protect.” Critically evaluate. 12½ 16- ÞokafNr mís’;ksa dh izkfIr ds fy, ;g lqfuf’pr djuk vko’;d gS fd fofu;ked laLFkk,¡ Lora= vkSj Lok;r cuh jgsaAß fiNys dqN le; esa gq, vuqHkoksa ds izdk’k esa ppkZ dhft,A “For achieving the desired objectives, it is necessary to ensure that the regulatory institutions remain independent and autonomous.” Discuss in the light of the experiences in recent past. 12½ 17- vÝhdk esa Hkkjr dh c<+rh gqbZ #fp ds ldkjkRed vkSj udkjkRed i{k gSaA lekykspukiwoZd ijh{k.k dhft,A Increasing interest of India in Africa has its pros and cons. Critically examine. 12½ 18- la;qä jk\"Vª lqj{kk ifj\"kn~ esa LFkk;h lhV dh [kkst esa Hkkjr ds le{k vkus okyh ck/kkvksa ij ppkZ dhft,A Discuss the impediments India is facing in its pursuit of a permanent seat in UN Security Council. 12½ 19- ifj;kstuk ^ekSle^ dks Hkkjr ljdkj dh vius iM+ksfl;ksa ds lkFk laca/kksa dks lqn`<+ djus dh ,d vf}rh; fons’k uhfr igy ekuk tkrk gSA D;k bl ifj;kstuk dk ,d j.kuhfrd vk;ke gS \\ ppkZ dhft,A Project `Mausam’ is considered a unique foreign policy initiative of the Indian Government to improve relationship with its neighbors. Does the project have a strategic dimension? Discuss. 12½ 20- vkradoknh xfrfof/k;ksa vkSj ijLij vfo’okl us Hkkjr&ikfdLrku laca/kksa dks /kwfey cuk fn;k gSA [ksyksa vkSj lkaLd`frd vknku&iznkuksa tSlh e`nq 'kfä fdl lhek rd nksuksa ns’kksa ds chp ln~Hkko mRié djus esa lgk;d gks ldrh gS\\ mi;qä mnkgj.kksa ds lkFk ppkZ dhft,A Terrorist activities and mutual distrust have clouded India-Pakistan relations. To what extent the use of soft power like sports and cultural exchanges could help generate goodwill between the two countries? Discuss with suitable examples. 12½