Various Components of CPU

THE SHISHUKUNJ INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL Session: 2022-23 IT summer holiday homework Topic: Various components of CPU Class 9B Submitted To- Submitted By- Sheelnidhi Gupta Ma’am Gauravi Jain Roll No.-08 1 | Page

After reading this word first question that arrives in your mind is:  What is a CPU? CPU is short for Central Processing Unit. It is also known as a processor or microprocessor. It's one of the most important pieces of hardware in any digital computing system. Basically, The CPU is a small device. Inside this small device, there are thousands of microscopic transistors, which are tiny switches that control the flow of electricity through the integrated circuits. The CPU is located on a computer's motherboard. Figure:-1 Gauravi Jain 9B 2 | Page

The CPU is consisting of three basic sections:  The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)  Control Unit  Registers Figure:-2 Gauravi Jain 9B 3 | Page

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)  The arithmetic and logical unit (ALU) is a fundamental component in all computers that performs arithmetic and logic operations.  The ALU in computers are capable or responsible for performing addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), and division (/).  The ALU has some major advantages over the CPU because it only needs to be designed for one type of task instead of many. Every computer has an ALU but how it functions can vary from machine to machine. Figure:-3 Gauravi Jain 9B 4 | Page

 The control unit (CU) is the part of a computer that controls what happens inside it. It is like the brain of a computer, making decisions and controlling what goes on inside the machine.  The CU reads the instructions stored in its memory and sends out electrical signals to each component of the computer, telling them what to do with the data they've been given.  The control unit is one of the most complex parts of a computer. The control unit directs .data flow between the computer processor, memory, and Input/Output devices Figure:-4 Gauravi Jain 9B 5 | Page

A register is a small amount of high-speed memory. It is connected to the microprocessor and can be accessed much more quickly than any other part of the computer. All data is temporarily stored in registers during the execution of programs. It offers very fast memory but is very limited in size. Some functions of the register, are given below  In CPU Input registers are used to carry the input data.  In the CPU Output registers are used to carry the output data.  The Temporary registers store the temporary data. Figure:-5 Gauravi Jain 9B 6 | Page

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