TECHIES 13th EDITION

TECHIES-13 CONTENTS 04 Creating Roaring ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TECHIES 13th EDITION Technologists with Entrepreneurial APPRECIATION Mindset Editorial Advisor 07 5 Steps Towards Digital Transformation Ts. Dr. Mohd Nor Azman Hassan (Head of Publication Committee) 10 Autonomous Robot for Publication Committees Chilli Pesticide Control Dato’ Ts. Dr. Mohd Mansor Salleh 14 The C2L – Cone (Chief Editor) Collecting and Prof. Madya Ts. Dr. Fahmy Miskon Laying Machine (Editor) Datin Dr. Zuraidah Mohd. Zain 17 Application of (Editor) Technology in the Assoc. Prof. Ts. Dr. Suraya Tokyo Olympics Abdul Rashid (Editor) 20 Majlis Pelancaran MBOT Technology & Innovation Columnists Expo (MTeX’21) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Juhaini Jabar 22 Sorotan 2021 Mahathir Muhammad Rafie Ts. Dr. Wan Mohd Bukhari Wan Daud Ahmad Nasaei Md Sukhaimie Tarmizi Ahmad Izzuddin Dr. Mohd Adili Norasikin Dr. Ahmad Fuad Abdul Rasid Nur Farah Bazilah Wakhi Anuar Ir. Ts. Dr. Mohd Azli Salim Adzni Md. Saad Ts. Dr. Hj. Muhammad Khusairy Bakri Ts. Dr. Sheena Punai Philimon Ts. Augustus Raymond Segar Ts. Dr. Kelvin Yong Sheng Chek Secretariat Dr. Md Fauzi Md Ismail (Registrar) Nabila Tulos Mohamad Safwan Mustafar Shahrul Hairazi Khudzari 2

TETCEHCIHESIE-S13-13 Chief Editor’s Note T he recently launched Twelfth Malaysia Plan (12MP) will spend RM 400 billion over 5 years for development. Among the most important aspects of the Plan, is preparing future talent for Malaysia. This involves raising educational quality including improving learning outcomes and enhancing TVET programmes. This is important for us technologists. TVET Brand is to be promoted & strengthened thru digital learning. This will ensure that the products of TVET education will be work-ready for the future needs of industry under Industrial Revolution 4.0. Let us hope that the implementation of TVET enhancement in 12MP will include marketing TVET to students and parents so that TVET is no longer regarded as the second class education, but it is the education system FOR THE FUTURE. Thank you. Dato’ Ts. Dr. Mohd Mansor Salleh MBOT REGISTRATION (As of December 2021) 30,232 6,199 12,997 1,386 Graduate Qualified Professional Certified Technologists Technicians Technologists Technicians 3

TECHIES-13 Creating Roaring Technologists with Entrepreneurial Mindset By TECHNOLOGIST IN THE POST technology to assist humans in Assoc. Prof. Dr. COVID-19 PANDEMIC innovating current processes. How can we train technologists to be able Juhaini Jabar, The world is facing a turbulent to bring the concept to reality to fit Universiti Teknikal economic situation as a result of the needs and wants of the market? the Covid-19 pandemic since the Technologists are creative, innovative Malaysia Melaka beginning of 2020. The pandemic has and problem solvers that are trained hit the travel, tourism and hospitality with the skills and tools required for industries directly and has resulted in a them to be able to come out with ripple effect to other industries as well. solutions to problems faced in the In November 2020, it has been reported market. So, how can we ensure that that Covid-19 pandemic has forced the solutions produced are needed 32,000 Small and Medium Enterprises and wanted by customers? Studies (SMEs) to close in Malaysia alone. showed that 60% - 80% of new Large organisations such as well- products introduced to market failed. known bookstores, 4-star hotels, There is a gap between developers and travel agencies, and manufacturers customers. Can we minimize this gap? have also faced the same fate due to Many successful technologists of the the current economic condition. Due world such as Mark Zuckerberg, Garrett to this scenario, we can see lesser Camp, Daniel Ek and Brian Chesky, to job opportunities and a staggering name a few have one thing in common. increase in the unemployment rate as They possess an entrepreneurial a result of company closures. mindset that transformed them into There is a rise in the need for digital roaring technologists. 4

TETCEHCIHESIE-S13-13 HOW CAN BEING possessing an entrepreneurial with entrepreneurial mindset ENTREPRENEURIAL mindset is considered a are successful, because they HELP? competitive advantage are always able to identify whether they are self- customer pain points and What does it mean when employed, or working in any subsequently focus on someone is entrepreneurial? industry. introducing solutions that Being entrepreneurial does exceed the customers’ not always mean that the Being an entrepreneurial expectations. person is starting a business technologist will make any or owns a business. The term industry-leading organization There are many successful entrepreneurial relates to successful as they always technologists that are a person being innovative, have a clear vision and able entrepreneurs. Here are creative, resourceful to bring that vision through Malaysia’s three technology and adaptable. A person actualization. Technologists entrepreneurs: Aaron Patel Vivy Yusoff Chan Kee Siak Co-Founder and CEO of Co-Founder of FashionValet Co-Founder and CEO of iHandal Energy Solutions and dUCk Group Exabytes Network Aaron is the founder and Vivy creatively innovates the Exabytes Network is Managing Director of iHandal, way her fashion business a leading web and a turnkey engineering and operates. FashionValet now e-Commerce hosting contracting firm specialising stocks more than 400 brands provider that was founded in improving energy efficiency from across the region and on the principle of providing of commercial and industrial sells in Indonesia, Brunei, the best hosting solutions buildings. Australia and the United to its customers. Chan’s Kingdom. The dUCk Group, goal is to assist SMEs in her own brand, is one of the operating more efficiently fastest growing branded and effectively on the scarves and accessories in internet. Malaysia. What we can learn from these successful Business Model Canvas; customer segments technologists? Successful technologists always and value propositions (Figure 1). look problems as opportunities to introduce innovative solutions. The solutions that are Let’s take Spotify as an example. People designed take into account the job, pains and want to listen to affordable music anywhere gains of the customers and offer enhancements and anytime, and at the same time be able to to what they originally envisioned. share their music playlist with others. Spotify has enabled this and users are also able to One tool that can help plan for innovative explore individuals with similar musical tastes solution is the Value Proposition Canvas within the Spotify community (Figure 1). (VPC). The VPC was originally developed by VPC is versatile and can be utilised in daily Dr Alexander Osterwalder as a framework to activities and work tasks such as choosing ensure that there is a fit between the product the right job offer, choosing the right project, and market. This tool can be utilised in the or making purchase decisions. The list is planning stage of a product or service and even endless. Knowledge of using VPC can equipped for improving an available product or service. technologists to effectively communicate and VPC gives special focus on the relationship pitch their ideas to the top management or between two parts of Osterwalder’s broader venture capitalists. 5

TECHIES-13 CUSTOMER PROFILE Gains VALUE PROPOSITION Customer Gain Creators Job(s) Pains Products & Services Pain Relievers Gain Creators Gains Recap on your listening history On demand Premade playlists Affordable streaming service music streaming and explore page Share playlists Affordable/ multiple Explore similar tastes in music Products with friends buying options & Services Listen anytime Customer Premade playlists anywhere Job(s) and explore page Wants to listen to Pains Download Download feature musice anytime app Pain Relievers High-quality Listen to favourite Choose payment music streaming artists option Yearly recap of On demand music Share playlists listening history streaming with friends Wide variety of artists Premade playlists Explore similar music taste and discography and explore page Download feature Want to save Other apps don’t favourite songs have payment options The Value Proposition Canvas (VPC) and VPC for Spotify utilized by Dominic Scarangela to improve Spotify features Source: https://www.domscarangella.com/project/fusce-pharetra THE WAY FORWARD Possessing an entrepreneurial mind set will be an advantage for technologists as it can be an impetus in becoming successful in their career as innovators, academics or even as entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurial technologists will work closely with customers to not only solve customer pains but also aim to exceed them. By using VPC as a tool will aid technologists to plan for innovative solutions that will be welcomed by the market because prioritizing customer pains and jobs will lead to beneficial outcomes – customer satisfaction. 6

TECHIES-13 5 STEPSTOWARDS DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION By Mahathir Muhammad Rafie, AIBOTS Sdn. Bhd. INTRODUCTION through various applications, while employees work from home, and numerous businesses The Malaysia Digital Economy Corporation ease into online platforms. Many organisations (MDEC) has recently taken a lead role in adopt digital business models as a permanent catalysing the transition to Malaysia 5.0 as a strategy to optimise operational costs and new narrative for the nation. This includes the to preserve some revenue flow. A number of introduction of new emerging technologies, surveys indicate that there is a rapid shift which are important tools to spearhead the towards customer-supplier interactions Malaysia 5.0 digital economy. Adopted from through digital channels. No matter who is on the Japanese “Society 5.0”, Malaysia is now either side of the screen, all parties demand in the midst of transitioning from the Fourth better online experience. It goes without saying Industrial Revolution (4IR) to a brand new age that in line with this growing demand, there is of digital economy. an increase in the number of local companies established to cater for the consumers’ quest The Covid-19 pandemic has shown how fast for all things digital. the world evolves, and despite its undeniable negative consequences, the pandemic has AIBOTS Sdn. Bhd. is one such company. It accelerated digital transformation worldwide. aims ‘to harvest innovation into solution’ by In Malaysia, a prime example would be the integrating digital transformation (DX) with MySejahtera application. With the wealth lean management. Established in 2017 in of data accrued, artificial intelligence (AI) is Johor Bahru, Malaysia, its unique proposition deployed to predict the spread pattern of the is the blending of Robotic Process Automation virus and to speed up research for vaccine (RPA), Internet of things (IoT), Artificial formulation. Intelligence (AI), Big Data Analytics and UI/UX design to create best-fit solutions. AIBOTS is Leveraging internet access at home, students the first company in Malaysia to offer multiple at all levels nowadays attend virtual classes integrated solutions to industry problems. DIGITISATION, is worth pondering upon some common terms. DIGITALISATION Generally, digital transformation is understood as the utilisation of technologies such as RPA, AI, Big & DIGITAL Data and IoT. Industry 4.0 normally refers to digital TRANSFORMATION transformation in manufacturing, production and other related industries. It focuses on improving Given the speed by which technology changes, value creation processes. there is much misunderstanding and confusion regarding what constitutes digital reality. Hence it There is a difference between digitisation, digitalisation and digital transformation. They are often used together and sometimes even lead to project failure. 7

TECHIES-13 and discover new monetisation opportunities. It is about doing things in a new, digital way. For example, AIBOTS assisted a funeral service company to develop AI to analyse images before video production is carried out. AI assures that only safe images are shown to the family of the deceased. The service removes risks and human errors by having the AI to spot and fix whatever impending problems. This solution changes the business and delights customers in a whole new way. Digitisation is the process of converting In short, digitalisation is about applying information from physical to digital format. It technology into existing business activities. essentially involves converting something that is Digital transformation means doing things in a non-digital into a digital representation so that it new way by having digital business models that can be used by computer systems to automate cover a broader scope than mere digitalisation. processes or workflows. Its primary benefit is It includes all aspects of the business such the creation of business value from data-driven as customer understanding and touch points, activities. growth strategy, enterprise mobile applications, digitisation process, worker enablement, AIBOTS has once assisted a manufacturing performance, new business models and company install IoT sensors on its processing many more. Digitisation and digitalisation are machines to convert data reporting from manual important parts of digital transformation. Their to digital. The sensors transmit directly to the proper application will lead to an entirely a system without human intervention to collect, new market, new customer base, and a novel write and report related data in every stage of business reality. monitoring. Digitisation and digitalisation are closely associated. They are often used interchangeably, but in essence, they are different. Digitalisation is the process of leveraging digitisation to improve business processes, making digitised information work. It is principally the use of digital technology and data to create new sources of revenue, improve business processes and produce a culture where digital information is at its core. It converts many processes to be more efficient, productive, and profitable. AIBOTS has helped an automotive company develop social media analytics to improve its business strategy. Data from different sources are collected, analysed, and used to maximise the functionality of all departments in their decision-making processes. Digital transformation refers to a change process that seeks to fully leverage the advantages of digital technology. The main goals are to improve efficiency, manage risk 8

TETCEHCIHESIE-S13-13 The journey of digital transformation must begin with the strategy, not technology. integrates process with innovation. This third change block is known as the centre of digital transformation. The business needs to examine end-to-end activities and determine which areas of technology and process need to be developed further. For example, AIBOTS innovated the processing lines of a client to identify the root cause of a problem using hundreds of data points. The data points are invisible to the human eye and are almost impossible to analyse due to its high complexity. As such, we transitioned from manual investigation to a new digital solution. As a result, teams now know exactly what to do and when to do it. This new digital solution eliminates the cost of hiring human experts besides shortening the time it takes to process the problem – all made possible within a new digital landscape. DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION: CHANGE BLOCKS 4. TECHNOLOGY There are five change blocks to be considered After identifying the company’s process and in order to implement digital transformation innovation capabilities, the right technology needs successfully. Neglecting these blocks may lead to be developed. It is crucial to identify any gaps in to implementation failure. Hence, they must be existing business activities. Many digital businesses understood and addressed appropriately. These are think that using advanced technology means all more details of the blocks: aspects of their operations are penetrated. This is one of the reasons for the failure of their digital 1. DIGITAL BUSINESS STRATEGY AND CULTURE transformation process. It takes more than just In any business, the right strategy is crucial to the use of technology alone. Companies should remain competitive. The starting point to creating not begin by asking, “how to implement what a high-performance digital business is to never technology and when”. The technology itself be complacent, and to continuously improve the will not create competitive advantage to the established business model. However, strategy business although it is an essential element of alone is insufficient. It must be supported with the process. Rather, digital leaders should start the right work culture that has been proactively by asking, “why and what is the root cause of the developed. AIBOTS has helped a company create a problem that hinder the improvement of the overall positive work culture by implementing a 360⁰ digital business process?” There are cases where expert transformation instead doing a narrow change in investigation has been carried out but process digitising services. Staff members are empowered, losses continue to take place, with no apparent resulting in increased work speed and continuous process inefficiencies. In cases like this, AI is the interaction with the new digital solution. Indeed, most appropriate technology to use to solve the a company that focuses on both strategy and problem, because normal manual/human analysis culture are more likely to achieve breakthrough may not be able to detect the underlying issues that performance. cause the problems. 2. STAFF AND CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT 5. DATA AND ANALYTICS The relationship between strategy and culture It is important to manage multiple data insights is fundamental in achieving staff-customer using the technology that has been implemented engagement. Customers turn to employees for in the previous change block. Every interaction advice in order to acquire the best user experience. in the digital world will generate numerous data In this way, customer feedback is garnered, which points that act as important pillars for digital will eventually lead to better solutions. Being major transformation projects. Results from big data users of the company’s digital solutions, continuous analysis will be used as the benchmark for staff-customer engagement will minimise resistance transformation and as a good indicator to monitor that may arise from changes that take place during current progress of the business. The ability to the digital transformation process. Clarity on the analyse vast amounts of data is critical to achieve reasons for change, how the change will happen and the expected level of performance. For example, the benefits that will be accrued from the change AI delivers hundreds of insights per day, hence can be relayed to the customers directly. helping companies reduce operational costs and eliminate hampered productivity and losses. This 3. PROCESS AND INNOVATION will help the firm advance into digital age. Without Staff-customer engagement can bring a company this change block, the business will face stagnation forward and ensures sustainability if the company because some of the problems are beyond human comprehension and capability. 39

TECHIES-13 AUTONOMOUS ROBOT for Chilli Pesticide Control Nutrition, fungicides and pest By control are the most important Ts. Dr. Wan Mohd Bukhari Wan Daud, Tarmizi Ahmad Izzuddin, Dr. Mohd Adili factors to consider in the Norasikin, Dr. Ahmad Fuad Abdul Rasid and Nur Farah Bazilah Wakhi Anuar, farming industry. Approximately Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka 30–35% of crops are affected by pesticides, causing Ahmad Nasaei Md Sukhaimie, Melor Agricare PLT health-related issues. At the moment, Malaysia is seriously Robust design Multiple constraints developing its agriculture sector, and development autonomous guidance especially in the wake of the The development of an for APC 4th Industrial Revolution (IR4). autonomous pesticide spraying Accurately moving along Government policies on IR4 robot would enhance the narrow crop rows is a crucial have enabled farmers to boost efficiencies of both labour and requirement that the pesticide their production and market crop yield. This project mainly spraying robot must fulfil. While visibility using IoT. Smart and focuses on the design and the most common solution systematic systems have been development of an adaptive to guide vehicles along pre- introduced. The revolution of and practical robot that can planned routes is to use global artificial intelligence has taken support multiple functioning navigation satellite systems place in the agriculture industry, systems. The aim is to have an (GNSS), its high cost and the ensuring good measures to autonomous pesticide spraying lack of availability in certain confront issues like climate capability with an IOT integrated agricultural environments crisis, unemployment and food control system. The operation (Vázquez-Arellano et al., 2016) security. time of pesticide application have led to investigations on the will be optimised by having use of computer vision as an CHALLENGES IN a larger pesticide carrying alternative (English et al., 2014). AUTONOMOUS capacity without sacrificing the Global positioning systems PESTICIDE manoeuvrability of the robot (GPS) are the key tool utilised CONTROL in the small spaces between for positioning and maintaining chilli plants. An analysis on maps for precision agricultural Our project is to develop an kinematics, stability and tasks, yield mapping and autonomous pesticide control strength is needed to come variable chemical applications. (APC) robot. There are four core up with a compact, strong and An intelligent row guidance technologies involved, namely: highly efficient self-driving robot, method is used so that the (i) robust design, (ii) intelligent in a way that problems such as robot can move independently guidance (autonomous) & exposure to hazardous materials between each row of crops. mapping, (iii) pest vision in-row and tedious spraying works can The crop recognition and row weed control & target detection, be eliminated or at least reduced guidance will use machine and (iv) Internet of things (IOT). appropriately. learning. 120

TETCEHCIHESIE-S13-13 Modular pest spatial depth camera, a GPS, and an With consumers now detection system accelerometer. The idea is to increasingly demanding foods using deep learning deliver precision pesticides at with less pesticides (King, One of the main challenges identified locations in the farm. 2017), this project, which offers to pesticide reduction using The system will first acquire RGB a systematic and efficient robotic sprayers is target photos of the plants, detailed pesticide dispersal system, is detection. Intelligent devices photos of the area, the GPS timely indeed. There are 2500 and systems of unmanned location, and the movement Ha chilli farms across Malaysia, vehicles such as autonomous of the pests. Then, it will do which produce approximately robots and drones will enable segmentation, classification and 24,000 Mt chillies annually farmers to efficiently spew identification of the pest through (MAFI, 2020). An autonomous agrichemical using automated a machine learning approach. system is needed to sustain identification systems, which Next, it will reconstruct the area the production in an efficient will allow for precise chemical map based on the GPS location manner. This is where the APC application and pest elimination and photos. The system will comes in handy. (Chen et. al, 2007; Waltera et. then locate the infected area and al, 2017). However, in Malaysia, create a heat map to suggest the Analysis of APC on the use of such intelligent type of pesticides to be used for productivity and ROI systems is relatively small. treatment purposes. Instead of in agriculture Enter the DPest - a modular applying agrichemical for the all The interplay and balance (i.e., plug-and-play) device the crops, the right pesticides between productivity, growth, which is able to detect pest can be delivered at the right crop structure, manual labour spatial location in a farm. The location in the right quantity. cost, cost of technology, and device consists of a power unit, This will no doubt reduce the return on investment (ROI) a processing unit and controller, cost of pesticides and will result are often contemplated. For an RGB camera, an infrared in healthier plants. this purpose, an analysis will 311

TECHIES-13 IoT makes it be conducted. The objective increase yield and profit, as well possible to cater of the analysis is to identify as to reduce adverse impact for huge and complex the factors that contribute to on the environment. IoT makes number of data productivity in order to optimise it possible to cater for huge streams from various the process. Figures relating to and complex number of data sensors onto scalable productivity will be calculated streams from various sensors IoT platforms. The using statistical methods and onto scalable IoT platforms. The platforms collect, the Maynard Operation Sequence platforms collect, process, and process, and analyse Technique (MOST). Subsequent analyse information in real-time, information in calculations of productivity and hence enhancing the decision- real-time, hence ROI will be used as the base making process by providing enhancing the to make long-term production more factual support and decision-making planning control decisions. prescribing smart solutions. IoT process by providing makes it possible to go for huge more factual support Design and implementation processing capacity, reliable and prescribing smart of an IoT-based monitoring network security, efficient solutions.” and management systems communication protocols and for APC timely performance. Crop and pesticide control in chilli is carried out based on Since there are a multitude of manual capture of data (e.g., challenges to overcome, and a type of pest, area of plant, etc). host of technologies to develop It is a slow process since the and use simultaneously, the crops are located in remote APC requires an efficient and and distributed locations. effective integration strategy. As result, the data collected Each component of the bigger is relatively poor and might system must be in-sync with one even be invalid. On the other another in order to produce a hand, precision agriculture workable and proficient overall uses emerging technology to structure. Field visit at chili farm in Melor Agricare PLT in Alor Gajah, Melaka. 122

TETCEHCIHESIE-S13-13 INTEGRATION STRATEGY TO OVERCOME CHALLENGES Integration strategy in autonomous pesticide control (APC). WAY FORWARD ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The agricultural The authors would like to thank Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka and to Melor industry is facing a Agricare PLT for providing the resources needed in the implementation of this study. myriad of problems including worldwide REFERENCES population growth and ageing (Gerland et al., A. Waltera, R. Fingerb, R. Huberb, and Nina Buchmanna 2017, Smart farming is key to 2014), climate change, developing sustainable agriculture, PNAS. and mass migration of people. Field robots Bac, C. W., Henten, E. J., Hemming, J. and Edan, Y. 2014. Harvesting robots for high-value may help humanity crops: State-of-the-art review and challenges ahead. Journal of Field Robotics 31(6), cope with some of 888–911. doi:10.1002/rob.21525. these difficulties. The question is - in English, A., Ross, P., Ball, D. and Corke, P. 2014. Vision based guidance for robot the midst of all the navigation in agriculture. 2014 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation challenges - how well (ICRA), 31 May–7 June 2014, pp. 1693–8. will the APC fare? King, A. 2017, The Future of Agriculture, Nature. Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industries Malaysia (MAFI) 2020, Open Data, viewed 5 September 2020 <https://www.data.gov.my/data/en_US/dataset/keluasan-bertanam- keluasan-berhasil-dan-pengeluaran-bagi-cili-malaysia> S. Chen, D. Sun and J.-S. Chung, “Treatment of pesticide wastewater by moving-bed biofilm reactor combined with fenton-coagulation pretreatment”, Journal of hazardous materials, vol. 144, no. 1-2, pp. 577-584, 2007. Singh, S., Burks, T. F. and Lee, W. S. 2005. Autonomous robotic vehicle development for greenhouse spraying. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 48, 2355–61. Swan, S. H., Kruse, R. L., Liu, F., Barr, D. B., Drobnis, E. Z., Redmon, J. B., Wang, C., Brazil, C. and Overstreet, J. W. 2003. Semen quality in relation to biomarkers of pesticide exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives 111(12), 1478–84. doi:10.1289/ ehp.6417. Tariq Masood, Paul Sonntag,. 2020 Industry 4.0: Adoption challenges and benefits for SMEs, Computers in Industry, Volume 121,2020,103261,ISSN 0166-3615. 133

TECHIES-13 The expanding network of highways TLCaohyleilnCegc2tLMi–ancCghoainnnede all around the world has increased the need of having assisting technology evaluate performance in terms of safety By in maintaining its condition. The main and comfort among highway systems. Ir. Ts. Dr. Mohd Azli concern of all highway operators is not The aim is to enhance the road safety Salim and only limited to providing great service standards in Malaysia to be at par Adzni Md. Saad, to the consumers but also to ensure with the best highway systems in the Intelligent the safety of the road workers. The world. Because of that, the demand for Engineering establishment of The Road Workers’ a technological solution in assisting Technology Safety Forum (RoWSaF) is committed road maintenance works is increasing Services Sdn. Bhd. to improving the safety of road workers. to achieve better work efficiency and The main aim is to eliminate serious safety. injury and fatalities among the on- road workforce. It is carried out by To perform the maintenance work on the eliminating the need for road workers highway, one of the required processes to be on foot on the highway as a key is to lay traffic cones for lane closure. element of reducing injury risks. Similar The workers need to be on foot on the phenomena are faced by countries highway to perform the task. It exposes in Asia especially in Malaysia. The these workers to greater risk due to economic development has also pushed the flow of active traffic. The need for the increase of highway networks road workers on the highways during all around this region. Currently in placement and retrieval of traffic cones Malaysia, the total length of the highway has been established as the main cause is 1,821 km with another 219.3 km is of fatality cases to the road workers. still under construction. This increment Furthermore, an increase in personal leads towards more workforce has been injury is associated with handling the involved in the operation of maintaining large number of traffic cones required this highway network. The increased for road works has been reported. number of workers also increases the risk of humans being exposed to hazardous conditions during road maintenance works. In Malaysia, the fatalities and serious injuries among the road workforce have become an alarming issue. Malaysia authorities have come out with stricter guidelines to ensure the safety of these workers. For example, the Malaysian Highway Authority (MHA) has put in mandatory regulation for all highway operators to provide all highway workers and contractors with Expressway Operation Safety Passport (EOSP) before they can perform their tasks on highways. This measure is introduced to ensure all the safety procedures are being fulfilled before all the maintenance works can be performed. In addition, the Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS) also has established a ranking system to 124

TETCEHCIHESIE-S13-13 In an effort to overcome these too complicated, expansive, Many possible issues, the use of technology and only developed in Europe designs of has been proposed to assist the and America. Most of them are cone placement process of laying and picking not suitable to be used in local and retrieval up traffic cones. Many possible highway conditions and require systems have been designs of cone placement major modifications. Because developed by the and retrieval systems have of that, the collaboration traffic management been developed by the traffic between Intelligent Engineering industry and others management industry and Technology Services Sdn. internationally.” others internationally. But Bhd (IETS), UTeM 1st spin-off the technology used in these company, and Plus Malaysia current practice and standard systems is specifically catered Berhad (PLUS) has been initiated operating procedure. Based on for specific highway systems. to develop a semi-automatic these positive outcomes, the Because of that, there is a need machine to lay and pick up traffic development process has been of developing similar systems cones namely as Cone, Collect approved to make improvements that is suitable for the current and Laying (C2L) machine. to the current machine that conditions of Malaysian highway is ready to be used in the real systems. This system must The development of the application and potentially can comply with local highway C2L consists of two main be sold to other local highway operators’ working procedures phases. Phase 1 consists of operators. The development of and local traffic patterns. designing and developing the system can be summarized the functional prototype in the flowchart as in Figure 1 Design and of the system. It has been below. Currently, the system Development successfully completed in 2019 is in Phase 2 of development and shows good functionality to evaluate the functionality The existing systems that are performance. This system and reliability of the system to available in the markets are fulfills all the requirements fulfill the pre-commercialization set by PLUS according to the requirements. It had been tested in the laboratory environment Start to determine the functionality and reliability of every working Materials selection, component. It had undergone prosess selection, etc a cyclic functionality test that exceeded more than 3000 Development of Development of cycles, impact, and weather technical modules semi-automatic cone laying tests. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) had been and picking machine performed to acquire data for further required improvement Development of reliability before the machine is ready to test rig for lab-scale testing be used in the real environment. Presently, the machine is tested Reliability NO in the real working environment lab-scale and by performing the task of laying and collecting traffic cones at field test Rawang to Tanjung Malim and Taman Perling to Second-Link OK stretches of PLUS Highway. Minor modification of the machine (if applicable) Finish Development of C2L system 135

TECHIES-13 The C2L is the first-ever semi- Based on the the competitors that produce automatic cone laying and niche design system with similar functions. picking machine that has been and functions of developed in Malaysia and C2L, its Intellectual The development of the C2L ASEAN. There are some unique Properties (IP) have machine has the potential to features of the machine and been registered change the Malaysian highway its function that can create with MyIPO industry by encouraging the value to customers which can to protect its use of technology in assisting be highlighted to position the originality. It proves the current operational works. product in the market effectively. the ownership This low-cost product with Firstly, it is a one-man operation of the system to the use of local technology machine. In the current the inventors and can significantly increase the working practice, the manual prevents the others efficiency of the laying and process of laying and picking from copying the picking up cones operation cones requires 3 workers. By system. as compared to the manual eliminating the use of 2 workers, process. Most importantly, it it can reduce the manpower cost been registered with MyIPO to can reduce the risk exposure of and the exposed risk facing by protect its originality. It proves highway facing by the workers the workers when performing the ownership of the system to when performing their work. their work. In addition, it the inventors and prevents the The outstanding features as possesses a portability feature, others from copying the system. compared to the currently which can be attached to the By having the registered IPs, it available systems show great rear side of any type of lorry. allows C2L to be broadcasted marketing potential not only The machine only needs to be to wider audience or potential for the local market but also attached to the lorry when it is customers without the imitation for ASEAN and international required to perform the work and risk of the product. It also helps markets. Furthermore, the can be detached for storage. for the system to stand out from current system has been Because of that, the users do designed and developed with not need to put any investment the potential to be further to buy a specific vehicle for improved and automated. this machine. Furthermore, this The continuous improvement machine is also built using local process of the system has been technology and mostly on-the- currently performed to enhance shelf components. It significantly its efficiency, functionality, and reduces the operational cost reliability. in terms of replacement components and lead time for service and maintenance works. One of the main one-of- a-kind features of this machine as compared to other similar functional types of machinery is C2L has the capability to lay and pick up traffic cones in straight and curve patterns by utilizing the machine sliding attachment mechanism. All the other available systems in the market can only lay and pick up cones in straight lines. Based on the niche design and functions of C2L, its Intellectual Properties (IP) have 126

TETCEHCIHESIE-S13-13 Application of by Ts. Dr. Hj. Muhammad Khusairy Bakri, Technology in the Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Tokyo Olympics Ts. Dr. Sheena Punai Philimon, Ts. Augustus Raymond Segar and Ts. Dr. Kelvin Yong Sheng Chek, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus Japan and its robotics technology have a The pandemic of the Covid-19 outbreak long history of technological advancement, affected most of the industrial sector whereas it progressed to unprecedented everywhere else in the world, especially the levels of expertise in robot creation and current host of Tokyo Olympic itself. The deployment since debuted in 1928. According issues range from many factors, including, to the International Federation of Robotics, the subsequent economic slowdown, global Japan is now the world’s leading robotics raw material scarcity, wars, and Brexit-related producer. Japanese history shows that they uncertainties. Many manufacturers use this have successfully created a friendly-looking Tokyo Olympics as a starter or an example, humanoid name “Gakutensoku”, which was whereas games’ technology would initiate and also the first Japanese robot, which was help the industry, by creating new cost-cutting considered a big success at the time (Frumer and productivity-boosting solutions. Although 2020). The advancement has created “CUE5” Industry Revolutions 4.0 and Olympic robot, which is a basketball thrower that was have nothing in common, unfortunately, introduced in the Tokyo Olympic (Golliver, both of these areas are bind with the new 2021). This motivated the government to technologies usage. Figure 1 highlights some use its cutting-edge technology to address of the technologies that were used in the the unprecedented challenges of Covid-19, event, along with other technologies of IR4.0 especially for the 2020 Olympic Games. given in grey. Industry 4.0 evolving and converging technologies (Ministry of International Trade & Industry, 2018). 137

TECHIES-13 Screengrab of the interview with Farah Ann’s hologram broadcasted by Astro. The use of technologies in The Tokyo new products, for example, the creation Olympics was boosted with the new of bicycles, trampolines, shirts, etc. guidelines of spectator-free events. This According to IBM, dark data, or data was done to enable fans all over the collected but not used, is projected to world to get a better view of their favorite account for about 90% of all data created athletes’ performance experience than by sensors, with peaks of 95% in the they have ever had. Due to the vast and engineering and construction industries. mass event of athletes compete, AI- Likewise, Intel revealed its 3D Athlete based technologies and big data are Tracking (3DAT) technology (Intel, 2021) crucial to be used for collecting and for the first time at the 2020 Olympics. analyzing data, especially related to The technology leverages artificial real-time performance, which enables intelligence (AI) and motion-tracking the teams to build better training plans, software to capture skeletal data of judges and decisions. Omega, a Swiss an athlete’s velocity, acceleration and watchmaker collected the data and biomechanics when sprinting. The lesson processed it by using sensors, which for manufacturers to take away from the are affixed to athletes’ shirts. This may Olympics in this circumstance is that boost the collection and analyze the data is only useful if a clear vision of how 2000 datasets every, including speed, to use it exists. acceleration, and jump height. Big data With the social distancing rule that was is also used to monitor the health of strictly taking place, The International the athletes and industrial equipment, Olympic Committee (IOC) collaborate i.e., temperatures, pressure, vibration with Intel to create an immersive virtual levels, and more. (Ballinger, 2021). The reality (VR) training experience for AI algorithms detect and alert potential athletes and management (Kelley and behavior or spikes, especially on the Saechou, 2019). It provides accurate equipment’s or athletes. The athletes’ projection and feedback on their data, is also used by companies for performance using the VR system. further research and development for This reduced the training costs while 128

TETCEHCIHESIE-S13-13 improving information additional layer of security by REFERENCES: retention by both athletes ensuring that only authorized and companies. The VR, AR personnel have access to Astro (2021) Farah Ann jadi and MR were also used to potentially hazardous regions tetamu khas dari Tokyo secara trained maintenance personnel or places containing sensitive ‘hologram’!!! | PENTAS TUMPUAN and provided charts and data. Furthermore, the use of | OLIMPIK TOKYO 2020. Youtube. instructions for smooth tasks. robots for security, cleaning and Viewed at https://youtu.be/ For example, safety expert AST signage were deployed in Narita U6QiaiKx3VA has developed an e-training Airport during the Olympics for solution based on the VRdirect enhanced security and labor- Ballinger, N. (2020) What Do platform to teach users how to saving of operation especially the 2020 Tokyo Olympics and safely operate earth-moving during the Covid-19 situation Industry 4.0 Have in Common? equipment (Ballinger, 2020). It (Olympics, 2020). EET Asia. Viewed at https://www. is observed that virtual reality This technology may also eetasia.com/what-do-the-2020- might aid with staff emergency improve safety, for example, tokyo-olympics-and-industry-4-0- procedures training, teaching by comparing an employee’s have-in-common/ them how to detect risks and identity to a company’s respond appropriately while training records to ensure Frumer, Y. (2020) The Short, keeping everyone safe. Also, AR that individuals working at Strange Life of the First Friendly was used to break the barrier of a particular station have Robot. IEEE Specrtrum. Viewed location as done by Malaysian the requisite expertise to at https://spectrum.ieee.org/ Broadcast “Astro Arena”, where operate potentially dangerous the-short-strange-life-of-the-first- an interview with Farah Ann equipment. During the friendly-robot was done with her “presence” in Olympics, countries competed the studio using holograms for in a variety of sports, but Golliver, B. (2021) An inside look the first time, as shown in the their economy was also at Japan’s answer to Stephen screengrab from Astro Arena competing in a technology race. Curry: CUE5, the basketball- Youtube (Astro, 2021). Manufacturing businesses shooting robot. The Washington might profit from the Tokyo Post. Viewed at https://www. To improve and boost security, Olympics’ innovations in washingtonpost.com/sports/ face recognition technology terms of improving safety and olympics/2021/08/02/basketball- was utilized for the first time efficiency, as well as future- robot-tokyo-olympics/ during the Olympics, whereas it proofing their operations. speeds up the ID verification for Intel (2021) Intel, EXOS Pilot 3D over a few hundred thousand Athlete Tracking with Pro Football participants, sponsors, media, Hopefuls. Intel Newsroom. and staff members (Shankland, Viewed at https://www.intel.com/ 2019). The technology prevents content/www/us/en/newsroom/ identity theft and illegal news/exos-pilot-3d-athlete- entry to restricted locations, tracking-football.html especially at the venue and hotel admission points. The Kelley, L., Sachou, F. (2019) Intel technique is twice as fast as Technology Propels Olympic standard ID checks, resulting Games Tokyo 2020 into the in shorter lines and fewer Future. BusinessWire. Viewed at people at access points. Face https://www.businesswire.com/ recognition may successfully news/home/20190911005246/en/ replace less reliable means of tracking access to classified Ministry of International Trade & areas in manufacturing, such Industry (2018), “Industry 4WRD: as key cards and USBs, which National Policy on Industry 4.0”. are easily stolen or hacked. Viewed at https://www.miti.gov. Facial recognition offers an my/miti/resources/National%20 Policy%20on%20Industry%204.0/ Industry4WRD_Final.pdf Olympics (2020) Robots in operation at Narita Airport. Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. Viewed at https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/ en/spectators/robot-narita Shankland, S. (2019) Tokyo 2020 Olympics using facial recognition system from NEC, Intel. Cnet Tech. Viewed at https://www.cnet. com/tech/computing/tokyo-2020- olympics-using-facial-recognition- system-from-nec-intel/ 139

TECHIES-13 Menteri Sains, Teknologi dan MAJLIS PELANCARAN Inovasi (MOSTI), YB Dato’ Sri Dr. MBOT TECHNOLOGY & Adham Baba telah melancarkan INNOVATION EXPO (MTeX’21) MBOT Technology & Innovation Expo (MTeX’21), bertemakan ‘Technological Talent for Sustainable Development’ pada 2 November 2021. Ekspo yang berlangsung dari asas yang amat penting kepada teknikal. 25 Oktober 2021 sehingga 28 dasar jangka panjang negara Februari 2022 ini bertujuan ini”. Program MTeX’21 kali ini untuk memupuk budaya mempertandingkan tiga kategori inovasi dalam kalangan MOSTI komited untuk iaitu kategori pelajar tahun Keluarga Malaysia di memastikan budaya inovasi akhir diploma, ijazah sarjana samping menyediakan bakat yang berimpak tinggi dan muda dan ahli profesional berkemahiran tinggi seperti berkualiti untuk dikomersialkan MBOT. Hadiah keseluruhan yang digariskan dalam Dasar 4IR bagi memenuhi kehendak bagi pertandingan ini adalah Negara, Rancangan Malaysia Ke- pengguna dan sekali gus berjumlah RM30,000. Majlis 12 (RMKe-12) dan Rangka Kerja mendapat permintaan tinggi pelancaran ini diadakan di 10-10 MySTIE. dalam pasaran. MOSTI Dewan Sultan Ibrahim, Universiti akan membantu dengan Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Pelancaran ini diterajui oleh membangunkan ekosistem, (UTHM) Batu Pahat yang MOSTI menerusi MBOT yang kapasiti, lembaga kawal selia disertai oleh 70 orang wakil menyasarkan supaya lebih serta geran yang bersesuaian dalam kalangan universiti, banyak unicorn dan syarikat untuk membantu anak muda pemain industri dan organisasi bertaraf dunia seperti Aerodyne dalam bidang teknologi dan berkaitan. dan Carsome dapat dilahirkan di Malaysia. YB Dato’ Sri Dr. Adham berkata, “Dalam Pemangkin Dasar 1 RMKe-12 iaitu ‘Membangunkan Bakat Masa Hadapan’, tumpuan diberikan kepada penjajaransemula pasaran buruh, pendidikan dan latihan. Kerajaan menyedari bahawa pembangunan bakat adalah 220

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TECHIES-13 Memorandum Persefahaman (MoU) antara Lembaga Teknologis Malaysia (MBOT) dan Yayasan Peneraju Pendidikan Bumiputera (Yayasan Peneraju) ditandatangani oleh YBrs. Ts. Mohd Muzzammil Ismail, Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif, Yayasan Peneraju dan YBhg. Datuk Ts. Ir. Dr. Siti Hamisah Tapsir, Presiden MBOT yang disaksikan oleh YB Datuk Seri Mohd Redzuan Md. Yusof, Menteri di Jabatan Perdana Menteri (Tugas-Tugas Khas) dan YB Datuk Haji Ahmad Amzad Hashim, Timbalan Menteri Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi. SOROTAN 2021 Lembaga Teknologis Malaysia (MBOT) telah menerima lawatan rasmi dari YB Dato’ Sri Dr. Adham Baba, Menteri Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi bertempat di Pejabat MBOT, Putrajaya. Lembaga Teknologis Malaysia (MBOT) dan EduCity Iskandar Malaysia Sdn Bhd (EduCity) telah memeterai Memorandum Persefahaman (MoU) bersempena Majlis Pelancaran Program PERANTIS Iskandar yang telah disaksikan oleh YAB Dato’ Haji Hasni Mohammad, Menteri Besar Johor. Pemeteraian dan pertukaran MoU ini telah disempurnakan oleh Presiden MBOT, YBhg. Datuk Ts. Ir. Dr. Siti Hamisah Tapsir dengan Pengarah Urusan EduCity, Encik Wan Ahmad Saifuddin Wan Ahmad Radzi. Lembaga Teknologis Malaysia (MBOT) telah memeterai Memorandum Persefahaman (MoU) bersama Johor Centre for Construction Development (JCCD) bersempena majlis Johor Construction Awards (JCA). YAB Dato’ Haji Hasni Mohammad, Menteri Besar Johor turut menyaksikan pemeteraian beberapa MoU di antara JCCD dengan rakan-rakan strategik yang berkaitan. YAB Dato’ Haji Hasni Bin Mohammad, Menteri Besar YBhg. Dato’ Ts. Hj. Zaihan Shukri, Ketua Pengarah Pembangunan Johor telah mendapat penganugerahan sebagai Kemahiran mewakili JPK telah menandatangani Memorandum Teknologis Profesional (Ts.) yang disampaikan oleh Persefahaman (MoU) manakala MBOT diwakili oleh YBrs. Dr. Md Fauzi YBhg. Datuk Ts. Ir. Dr. Siti Hamisah Tapsir, Presiden Md Ismail, Pendaftar MBOT. Majlis yang diadakan secara atas talian ini Lembaga Teknologis Malaysia (MBOT) semasa majlis turut dihadiri oleh YBrs. Ts. Dr. Mohamad Sulaiman, Timbalan Ketua Johor Construction Awards (JCA) anjuran Johor Centre Pengarah (Pembangunan) dan YBrs. Dr. Mohd Rashid Buyong Hamzah, for Construction Development (JCCD). Timbalan Ketua Pengarah (Operasi). 222

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24 To-date, MBOT has recognized 24 Technology and Technical Fields. These technology fields are not FIELDS OF permanent and will dynamically change based on the TECHNOLOGY rapid growth of technology. Each Technology Fields has & TECHNICAL gone through rigorous verification and requirements study before it was being approved by the Board and recognised RECOGNISED BY MBOT as MBOT Technology and Technical Fields. Each Technology and Technical fields was defined by MBOT’s Technology Expert Panel which consists of representative for the industry, relevant government agency and academia. The Key Area for each Technology and Technical Fields was also defined properly to cover the wide angle of Technology Fields and its implementation in the industry. (EE) Electrical & Electronics (IT) Information & Computing (CM) Chemical (TB) Telecommunication & Technology Technology Technology Broadcasting Technology (BT) Biotechnology (BC) Building & Construction (RB) Resource Based, Survey (ME) Manufacturing & Technology & Geomatics Technology Industrial Technology (AF) Agro-based (CS) Cyber Security (TL) Transportation & (MT) Material Science Technology Technology Logistics Technology Technology (MR) Marine (MI) Maritime (AC) Atmospheric Science & (GT) Green Technology Technology Environment Technology Technology (OG) Oil & Gas (AT) Automotive (AV) Aerospace & Aviation (FT) Food Technology Technology Technology Technology (NT) Nanotechnology (NR) Nuclear & Radiological (AM) Art Design & Creative (HM) Health & Medical Technology Multimedia Technology Technology