มลพิษอุตสาหกรรม (1)

มลพษิ อุตสาหกรรม

ความหมายมลพิษอตุ สาหกรรม • “มลพิษ” เป็นศพั ทท์ ร่ี าชบัณฑติ ยสถานบญั ญัตขิ ึ้นในปี พ.ศ. 2525 ใชแ้ ทนคาํ ศัพท์เดิมวา่ “มลภาวะ” • “Pollution” มาจากคําวา่ “Pollute” หมายถึง ทําให้สกปรก • “มลพิษ” หมายถึง ภาวะส่ิงแวดล้อมท่ีถูกปนเป้ือนด้วยมลสาร หรือพลังงานท่ีส่งผลต่อสุขภาพทางกาย จิตใจ และสังคม กอ่ ให้เกิดผลกระทบต่อมนษุ ยแ์ ละสงิ่ แวดลอ้ มท้ังในทางตรงและทางออ้ ม pollutant pollution

แหล่งกาํ เนดิ มลพิษ แบ่งตามแหลง่ ท่ีมาของมลพิษ เกิดจาก ธรรมชาติ

แหล่งกาํ เนดิ มลพิษ มนุษย์ สรา้ งขึ้น แบง่ ตามแหล่งที่มาของมลพิษ ชมุ ชน อตุ สาหกรรม เกษตรกรรม คมนาคม

แหล่งกาํ เนิดมลพิษ แบ่งตามลักษณะของการปลดปลอ่ ยมลพษิ Stationary แหล่งกําเนดิ Diffuse แหล่งกาํ เนดิ source มลพิษประเภท source มลพษิ ประเภท แพร่กระจาย อยู่กับท่ี Point รูจ้ ุดปลอ่ ย Nonpoint ไม่รูจ้ ดุ source แน่นอน source ปลอ่ ยท่ี แนน่ อน

Industrial pollutants Industrial Wastewater Pollution river ground water stream animals plant human



Industrial Wastewater Pollution Nutrients Pollution

Industrial Wastewater Pollution Organic Matter Organic Matter + O2 + Aerobic microorganism → CO2 + H2O + New cells Organic Matter + Anaerobic microorganism → CH4 + CO2 + H2S + New cells

Industrial Wastewater Pollution bacteria Microbiological Disease Causing Agents viruses parasitic worms protozoa

Industrial Wastewater Pollution Chemical Water Pollution Inorganic chemicals Heavy Metals Source Harmful Effect gastrointestinal hemorrhage, Discharge from steel, textile manufacturing, electro hemolysis, acute renal failure, Chromium pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer plating and pulp mills; erosion of natural deposits etc. gastrointestinal distress, liver or kidney damage. Copper Metal cleaning, plating baths, pulp and paper industry, Cadmium fertilizer industry, copper/ brass-plating, corrosion of Pneumonitis, proteinuria, lung cancer, osteomalacia pipes and erosion of rocks etc. Electroplating, paint pigments, plastics, alloy preparation mining and silver-cadmium batteries; metal refineries discharge; corrosion of pipes and erosion of rocks etc.

Industrial Wastewater Pollution Chemical Water Pollution Inorganic chemicals Heavy Metals Source Harmful Effect Nickel Processing of minerals, paints, electroplating, Allergic sensitization, lung and nervous enamelling of porcelain etc. system damages and dermatitis Printed circuit board manufacturing, metal Dermatitis, Pneumoitis, stomach pain, Zinc electroplating, painting, dying, photography nausea, lethargy, dizziness and muscle etc. incoordination nausea, vomiting, encephalopathy, headache, Batteries, smelting and alloying, paints, some Lead anaxia, anemia, abdominal pain, types of solders etc. nephropathy, foot-drop/ wrist-drop Mercury Old paint, industrial pollutants, leaded Inflammation of gums and mouth, kidney gasoline. disorder, neurotic disorder, Parageusia, metallic taste, pain and pink discoloration of hands and feet

Industrial Wastewater Pollution Chemical Water Pollution Organic chemicals Synthetic organic pesticides carbohydrate (sugar) non toxic in nature solvent fat (fatty acids) but may create BOD plastic protein (amino acid)

Industrial Wastewater Pollution Different Chemical Chemical Water Pollution Health Effect Compound Associated with blood disorder, leukemia. Solvent Possibly causes cancer, liver damage, may also affect kidney. Benzene Possibly causes cancer. Carbon Tetrachloride Probably cause cancer. Chloroform Attack Nervous System Trichloroethylene Possibly causes cancer; attack liver and kidney. Pesticide Aldicarb Carcinogenic Attack nervous system Ethylene dibromide (fumigant) DDT Organophosphate

Industrial Wastewater Pollution Chemical Water Pollution Different Chemical Compound Health Effect Chemicals Polychlorinated Bibhenyl Attack liver and kidney; Possibly causes cancer. Vinyl Chloride Causes cancer. Dioxins Some cause cancer; may harm reproductive, immune and nervous system.

Industrial Wastewater Pollution Turbidity less oxygen Radioactive Waste block the light strontium, iodine, radium, sodium, cesium, thorium, uranium Biological effects somatic genetic Oil Spillage effect the wildlife Thermal Pollution affects fishes increases in temperature of water aquatic organism barrier for transfer of oxygen into water bodies



Air Pollution

Air Pollution

Industrial Air Pollution Gaseous Air Pollutants Name Formula Significance as Air Pollutant Sulfur dioxide Damage to vegetation, building materials, respiratory Sulfur trioxide SO2 system Hydrogen sulfide SO3 Highly corrosive Nitrous oxide H2S Extremely toxic Nitric oxide N20 Relatively inert; not a combustion product NO Produced during combustion and high-temperature Nitrogen dioxide oxidation; oxidizes in air to NO2 NO2 Component of photochemical smog formation; toxic at high concentration

Industrial Air Pollution Gaseous Air Pollutants Name Formula Significance as Air Pollutant Carbon monoxide CO Product of incomplete combustion; toxic at high concentration Carbon dioxide CO2 Product of complete combustion of organic compounds; implicated in global climate change Ozone O3 Damage to vegetation and materials; produced in Hydrocarbons CxHy photochemical smog Hydrogen fluoride HF Emitted from automobile crankcase and exhaust Product of aluminum smelting; causes reactive fluorosis in cattle; toxic

Industrial Air Pollution Carbon monoxide Hydrogen sulfide

Industrial Air Pollution Sulfur dioxide Nitrogen oxides Ammonia emission

Industrial Air Pollution Ozone

Industrial hazardous waste Source Clinical wastes Waste oil/water, hydrocarbons/water mixtures, emulsions Wastes form the production, formulation and use of resins, latex

Industrial hazadouswaste