Biosciences Internship Inforgraphic 2021

Intership : NURUL AFIQAH KAMAL (3SSCG) Tempat ; Faculty of Science and Natural Resource (FSSA), UMS. Tempoh : 12 Julai-30 September 2021 Introduction about internship proect's by 12/7/2021 faculty of Science and Natural Resource (FSSA), UMS. 2/9/2021 SAMPLING 1STPHASE AT KOTA KINABALU RIVER 6/9/2021 sampling 1st phase at UMS peak 7-23/9/2021 Do Project 1 ‘Kajian Hidrogeoimia dan status kualiti air sungai kesan pandemic covid-19, di sekitar zon merah kota kinabalu,Sabah. and Project 2 ‘The Potential of wild mushroom for mycoremedation of heavy metal and oil in soil’ for sampling and lab activity. sampling for 2nd 24/9/2021 phase at UMS peak 29/9/2021 sampling 2nd phases at kota kinabalu river Fakuliti Sains & Sumber Alam

SARAWAK CRAUN RESEARCH SDN. BHD.

Industrial Training CRAUN RESEARCH SDN. BHD Address -Lot 3147, Block 14, Jalan Sultan Tengah, Petra Jaya, 93050 Kuching, Sarawak (Headquarters) -Sg. Talau Research Station, Dalat, Mukah About company CRAUN Research Sdn. Bhd was established on 22nd July 1993 by the Sarawak State Government. On 1st April 1997, CRAUN was corporatised and being placed under the Ministry of Education in 22nd May 2017. The meaning of CRAUN is Crop Research and Application Unit and main reasearch and developments are Sago Crop and Sago Starch. Main Duties Mainly focusing on Research and Report Writing A) Literature review B) Report review Somaclonal variation in The effect of virgin coconut palmae oil on the expression of fatty acid synthase in MCF- 7 breast cancer cells Experiences ●Understand the job scope of researcher better ●Learn to write literature review and report review ●Improve the communication skills as well as presentation skills Prepared by Dayang Nur Aida Hamieza Binti Abg Abu Bakar (A18SC0390) FACULTY SUPERVISOR: DR MOHD FARIZAL AHMAD KAMARODDIN INDUSTRY SUPERVISOR: MDM EVRA RAUNIE IBRAHIM

SARAWAK UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK (UNIMAS) INSTITUTE OF HEALTH & COMMUNITY MEDICINE

Institute of Health and Community Medicine, University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) WONG KIING ING A18SC0492 Industrial Supervisor : Prof Dr. David Perera Faculty Supervisor :Dr. Chong Chun Shiong Introduction Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) is a Malaysian public university located in Kota, Samarahan, Sarawak. UNIMAS was officially incorporated on 24 December 1992. Recently, UNIMAS has been ranked among top 200th in Asian University Rankings 2017 by QS World University Rankings. The mission of the institute is to become a world centre for the study of tropical diseases by developing the appropriate technology and methods detection, surveillance and control of disease. They are currently pursuing projects related to enteroviruses, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, Coronavirus and adenoviruses. Their lab has also responded successfully to new and emerging health threats within the Sarawak community, such as the epidemic in 1997 which caused a spate of infant deaths. Internship Experience Learned the technique to express the receptor binding domain of Covid-19 Pasai strain Hands on operating some machines such as PCR, UV Vis Transilluminator, Nanodrop 1000 Spectrophotmeter. Experienced critical thinking in answering QnA questions from industrial supervisors and University supervisor Develop communication skills and integrate with colleagues Learned how to solve problems when encounter problems in the experiment Cultivate self-encouragement and don't give up Job Scope Operating RT-PCR and PCR amplification Sequencing the PCR product Cloning the PCR product into pET SUMO vector (Champion pET SUMO Expression System) Performing Protein expression Run the SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting

Expressing receptor-binding domain of SARS-Cov-2 Pasai strain 01 RT-PCR and PCR amplification 02 Sequencing ( BigDye Terminator v3.1 ) RNA samples from Pasai covid-19 variants were reverse transcribed into The extracted DNA sample is cDNA samples by RT-PCR and PCR subjected to DNA sequencing to amplification was run to obtain higher analyze the genome encoded by the DNA sample yields. DNA sample, and sequence confirms the targeted DNA sample. 03 Cloning PCR product (Champion Protein Induction 04pET SUMO Expression System) The extracted plasmid was transformed into BL21 (DE3) expression host, and The targeted DNA sample ligated into isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside pETSUMO vector and transform it into (IPTG) was added for protein induction. Mach 1 cloning host for cloning PCR product. 05 Run the SDS-PAGE and Immunoblotting The target protein undergo SDS-PAGE to separate protein based on their molecular weight and run the immunoblotting to test the immunoreactive of our protein.

SELANGOR CRYOCORD (M) SDN. BHD.





SELANGOR UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM) SG. BULOH INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY

Internship Progra Institute for Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB) Mini Project 1 Objective: To study the Life Cycle of Chrysomya megacephala Methodology The eggs obtained from the When the larvae hatched (±12 h), colony were introduced in an group of 100 first instar larvae wer incubator chamber transferred into a 100 g of fresh bee liver in a container Daily, the five largest larvae After three days, the mesh wa from each replicate were removed, and the container relocate collected, boiled in hot water for into a bigger container with sawdust i 5 minutes and preserved in the bottom to facilitate the pupation o 70% ethanol. the larvae The pupae of each replicate were isolated into another container each day until th adult emergence, after that the emerged adults were sexed to know the sex ratio. Result Life cycle of Chrysomya megacephala at 34.5ºC Chrysomya megacephala took 11 days from eggs until it die without any food and water

rams Mini Project 2 Objective: To determine the attractiveness of the Synthesiomyia nudiseta on the bait Quantitative Methodology Fresh liver and fish were 50g of the fish and liver were put a defrosting 12 hours before the in the cage. The light was open re experiment started. 12h during the experiment. ef After 12h, take the liver and fish out and count the number of eggs on both medium. The experiment is repeated three times with 1 day resting interval as ed Result in of he Qualitative Methodology At the outside of each arm of the Y-shaped tube, liver and fish All the adults are 3-d-old and be is put, respectively. maintained in control [27-30ºC, 65- r. 75% RH, 12:12 (L:D)] environment. An adult male is placed in center of the Y-shaped tube in Both liver and fish are put 5 control environment. minutes before the experiment started. Result

SELANGOR UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA (UKM) INSTITUTE OF SYSTEMS BIOLOGY (INBIOSIS)

industrial training Nurhaziqah Syahirah A18SC0458 3 SSCG part 1: PART 2: article BIOINFORMATICS review The title is An Overview of Molecular docking study was Potential Antidiabetic Plant as conducted to obtain the binding the Future Antidiabetic Drugs affinity (kcal/mol) for compounds Focus on plant-based active Molecular Docking Tools compounds chosen for clinical 1.Autodock (protein, ligand trials for antidiabetic treatment & preparation & setting for docking attempt to correlate the site) mechanisms with the structure 2.Autodock vina (docking) activity relationship (SAR) 3.PyMOL (visualization) Current antidiabetic drugs: Molecular Docking Procedure α-glucosidase inhibitor 1.Choose protein target & ligand DPP-4 inhibitors SGLT2 inhibitors molecules 2.Carry out protein & ligand Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) preparation 3.Select docking site in protein flavonoid compounds with 4.Carry out protein-ligand docking stilbene molecules hydroxylation at 4’- using docking tool position of B ring 5.Different ligand poses are hydrophilic substitutions at generated the phenyl ring Ligand Free Binding Energy (kcal/mol) Hypolaetin = -9.4 Isoscutellarein= -8.9 Quercetin = -8.8 Kaempferol= -8.6 conclusion A very productive program providing the medium for student to gain working experience, learn new things, obtain new skills and knowledge as well as to further develop and improve themselves beyond the classroom.

SELANGOR UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA (UPM) SERDANG BIODIVERSITI UNIT, INSTITUTE OF BIOSCIENCE

LATIHAN INDUSTRI DI UNIT BIODIVERSITI, UPM Unit Biodiversiti adalah salah satu unit di bawah Institut Biosains, Universiti Putra Malaysia yang menekankan pembangunan sumber-sumber biologi yang berkaitan dengan pemuliharaan dan penggunaan lestari. Tempoh latihan ialah dari 12 Julai sehingga 30 Sepetmber 2021. Sepanjang menjalani latihan industri di sini, saya telah menjalankan 4 projek mini (secara atas talian) dan beberapa latihan amali yang dijalankan secara bersemuka PROJEK-PROJEK MINI Secara atas talian (Minggu pertama - Minggu ke-11) 1. Kultur Tisu 2. Taman Konservatori Tumbuhan UPM Objektif 1:  Menerangkan maklumat dan Objektif:  Membangunkan pengkalan ciri-ciri tentang tumbuhan yang data tumbuhan di Taman Konservatori diberikan UPM dengan kod QR Objektif 2: Mengenalpasti kaedah kultur tisu dan mikropropagasi yang terbaik untuk tumbuhan tersebut 3. Kompos 4. Herbarium Objektif: Menghasilkan kompos di rumah Objektif:  membuat herbarium mudah menggunakan bahan bahan dan sisa- dari rumah sisa dapur LATIHAN AMALI Secara bersemuka (Minggu ke-12) 1. Mengekstrak Minyak 2. Penyediaan Media Pati Tumbuhan Untuk Kultur Tisu Mempelajari dan mengekstrak minyak Menyediaakan media yang mengandungi pati daripada halia dengan kaedah hydro nutrisi, hormon tumbesaran, gula dan distillation agar untuk pertumbuhan eksplan kultur tisu 3. Kultur Tisu 4. Sub-culturing Tumbuhan Mempelajari dan melaksanakan sub- Mempelajari dan melaksanakan kultur culture terhadap eksplan-eksplan yang tisu tumbuhan di dalam makmal dari berjaya menumbuhkan pucuk dan pemotongan eksplan sehinggalah proses akarnya. penyimpanan di bilik kahs untuk photoperiodation \" Infografik diperbuat oleh Nama: Natasya binti Azman No Matrik: A18SC0424 Universiti: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Tempat Latihan Industri: Unit Biodiversiti, Institut Biosains, Universiti Putra Malaysia Penyelia Fakulti: Dr. Faezah Mohd Salleh Penyelia Industri: Puan Julia Abdul Aziz \"

Unit Biodiversiti, Physical Training: Tissue culture Institut Biosains, • Tissue culture Objectives: To report on Universiti Putra • Essential Oil background, socioeconom Malaysia, • Media Preparation and micropropagation Serdang,Selangor • Stock preparation Industrial Supervisor: techniques of Musa Parada •Dr Mohd Firdaus What I Get from Ismail Training? Conservatory park ([email protected] Objective: To build a datab du.my) • Working •Pn Julia Abd Aziz experiences using QRcode ([email protected]) • Networking • New knowledge Summary: • Learn how to Unit Biodiversiti is a handle new device unit under Institut Biosains, UPM which Contact: [email protected] focus on developing all +603-89472209 relevant biological sources for preservation and sustainable utilization Prepared by: Siti Zulaikha (A18SC0

n Compost mics Objectives: To create compost asiaca using household waste and organic waste Mini projects Herbarium base Objective: To create 2 herbarium specimens a binti Syamsul Bahri 0480)

INTRODUCTION INDUSTRIAL Biodiversity unit (UBD) is one of the BIODIVERSIT unit under the Institute of Bioscience (IBS) ZAWANI NADZIRA The location of this unit is on the A18SC 3rd level in the main IBS building. 3 SS UBD has 5 main divisions, and they are Herbarium, UPM Conservatory FACULTY Park, Tissue Culture Lab, Essential oil, and Research and Conservation Farm THINGS LEARNED Learn to extract essential oil by using hydro distillation. Learn to do plant tissue culture. Gain more knowledge about plants. Improve communicating skills. FACULTY SUPERVISOR DETAILS Dr. Faezah Binti Mohd Salleh Email: [email protected] INDUSTRIAL SUPERVISOR DETAILS DR MOHD FIRDAUS BIN ISMAIL Email: [email protected] PUAN JULIA BINTI ABDUL AZIZ [email protected]

INSTRUMENT USED HYDRO DISTILLATION (ESSENTIAL OIL DISTILLATION) L TRAINING JOB SCOPES TY UNIT, UPM Use hydro distillation for essential oil extraction. AH BINTI ZAMANI Do tissue culture. C0497 Do compost SCG Do herbarium Y SCIENCE Prepare media for tissue culture MINI PROJECTS Plant tissue culture (Halia bara) Conservatory Park QR code Compost Herbarium

SELANGOR UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA (UPM) SERDANG FAKULTI BIOTEKNOLOGI & SAINS BIOMOLEKUL

Sequence alignment & Bioinformatics & data analysisLiterature review Bioinformatic sequence clustering software searc Align and cluster 729 sequences Software search for a of DNA aptamer using MEGA-X bioinformat ic s Secondary Industrial act structure prediction No rnaz liya Predict secondary structure for Porcine-specific 764 sequences of DNA aptamer marker using Mfold List information on dif types of porcine-specifi Sequence motif Predict the sequence motif for DNA aptamer sequences using MEME and STREME

cs SELEX Application of ch modifications aptamer in food aptamer List information on different List applications of aptamer s types of SELEX modifications in any food related field tivities under Phyton Mohamad tutorial Produce a simple tutorial on how to use Phyton c Bioinformatics software manual fferent ic marker Compile the manual for the bioinformatics software listed

Metabolomics method Bacterioc m Search for metabolomics t ec hnique Search f ext rac ti Method of extraction of type III polyketide synthase Industrial act Zuhairi Ab Search for technique to extract type III polyketide synthase Literatur from lactic acid bacteria Weissell genome co Compile all info strains of W. NCBI da

cin extraction Bacteriocin purification method method for bacteriocin Search for bacteriocin ion technique purification technique tivities under Plants study bdul Malek Search for plants study on re review papaya, rice, and banana plants la cibaria ompilation ormation on 53 cibaria from atabase

Metagenomics Industrial act Siti Zahar Literature reading of met agenomic s Literatur Transcrip Literature r t ransc rip Ezbiocloud & PATRIC database Literature reading of bioinformatic tools Search engine used: 1. Google scholar 2. Web of Science 3. ScienceDirect Journal 4. SpringerLink Journal 5. Proquest Dissertations and Thesis Global

tivities under Metabolomics rah Imran Literature reading of re review met abolomic s iptomics reading of ptomic s Multi-omics Literature reading of multi- omic s

Metabolomics method Industrial act Zuhairi Ab Literatur Bacteriocin met Search for metabolomics Search for b t ec hnique extraction t Add more literature to the list Correction on the method Weissella cibaria Method of extra genome compilation polyketide Compile all information on 53 Search for techni strains of W. cibaria from type III polyketi NCBI database from lactic ac

tivities under Bacteriocin purification bdul Malek method re review n extraction thod bac teriocin Search for bacteriocin technique purification technique Add more literature to the list action of type III e synthase Plants study ique to extract Search for plants study on ide synthase papaya, rice, and banana plants id bacteria

SELANGOR UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA (UPM) SERDANG NATURAL MEDICINES AND PRODUCTS RESEARCH LABORATORY (NATURMEDS)

NAM INDUST F N L

ME: NUR ALIFFAH ILYANNA BT MUHAMMAD HARIRI MATRIC NO: A18SC0438 TRY SUPERVISOR: PROF MADYA DR. AHMAD FAIZAL ABDULL RAZIS FACULTY SUPERVISOR: DR RAZAUDEN ZULKIFLI NATURAL MEDICINES AND PRODUCT RESEARCH LABORATORY, INSTITUTE OF BIOSCIENCE UPM 3

VALUABLE EXPERIENCE Lear Bene Enh High Reso Imp Read liter Labora Sample

rn new things about natural products efits of using natural products especially in health hance existing knowledge h Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Nuclear Magnetic onance (NMR) prove research skills ding a lot of research article and article review to write a good rature review atory skills e preparation for NMR analysis 19

TERENGGANU UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU (UMT) MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE

First task (Vernonia cinerea) Kingdom: Plantae Genus: Cyanthillium Species: cinereum Scientific name: Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob or Virnonia cinerea Local name: Rumput sepagi (MY), Ironweed (US) Flower Leaf Type: Inflorescences; a cluster of small Colour: Evergreen, green when mature. flower/disc florets. Bisexual flower. Type: Single petiole leaf. Arrangement: Flat-topped panicle. Arrangement: Alternate manner. Growth form: Erect. Margin: Serrate or toothed. Shape: Urceolate/Urn shaped. Apex: Acute shape Location: Terminal/Top of the stem. Shape: Ovate, egg-like shape. Symmetry: Radial. Venation: Pinnate structure. Colour: white, pink, purple. Second task (Aquatic animals) Eels/Belut/ikan Linang Family - Synbranchidae (Belut ) and Anguillidae (Ikan linang). Species - Synbranchus sp., Monopterus sp., Macrotrema sp., Anguillia sp. Found - Africa, Liberia, Asia, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Habitat- Rice paddy fields, burrowing in mud or caves. Features - Elongated body, Sword-like tail, small eyes, lack of pelvic and pectoral fins, narrower caudal fin or absence. Diff.; Elongated dorsal and anal fins connected to caudal fin. Snakehead/Haruan/ikan Kedak Family - Channidae Species - Channa striata (Haruan/ Snakehead murrel), Channa limbata (Kedak/dwarf snakehead) Found - Tropical Africa and southern Asia. Habitat - Freshwater. Features - Haruan, shape like a head of a snake, long dorsal and anal fins, some lack of pelvic fins, pectoral fin round and wide, broader base. Kedak; adopted as aquarium pet. Catfish/Keli Family - Clariidae, Pangasiidae Species - Clarias sp. (keli kayu, keli afrika) and Pangasius sp. (silver catfish) Found - Southern and western of Asia, Africa and Syria. Habitat - Freshwater, muddy water, able to ‘walk’ on land to search for suitable environment. Features - Small pectoral and pelvic fins, small eyes. Mudsikpper/Belacak Family - Oxudercidae Species - Periophthalmus sp., Periophthalmodon sp. (Giant mudskipper) Found - Freshwater and brackish water of oceanic islands in tropical and subtropical areas. Features - Broader and shorter head with rounded snout, two separate dorsal fins, a broad pectoral and caudal fins and ability to popping out or retracted eyes from the head which is useful when out of water. Buffalo Leech/Lintah Kerbau Family - Hirudinae Species - Hirudinaria manillensis (Asian buffalo leech), Hirudo medicinalis. Found - Indo-west pacific region, Bangladesh to Sri Lanka and along Southeast Asia and Singapore Habitat - Rice paddies, swamps and sluggish streams from Features - Olive green colour and discontinuous black line at the middle dorsal, has hirudin protein in saliva. Apple snail/Siput Gondang Family - Ampullariidae Species - Pomacea canalicuta (golden apple snail) and Pomacea maculata (as ‘insularum’, ‘black apple snail’) Found - South and Central America Habitat - Mostly in rice paddies Features - Large and globular shell, ranging from yellow to green and brown to nearly black colour, bight-pink coloured egg. References A significant increase in numbers of weeds and references from the original 2002 Compendium. Randall, R.P.. (2012). A Global Compendium of Weeds Second Hashim, R. B., Jamil, E. F., Zulkipli, F. H., & Daud, J. M. (2015). Fatty acid compositions of silver catfish, Pangasius sp. farmed in several rivers of Pahang, Malaysia. Journal of Oleo Science, 64(2), 205–209. Edition. A significant increase in numbers of weeds and references from the original 2002 Compendium https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.ess14191 Khaironizam, M. Z., & Y. Norma-Rashid. (2003). First Record of the Mudskipper , Periophthalmodon Septemradiatus ( Hamilton ). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 51(1), 97–100. Harborne, J. B., and Baxter, H.. (1996). A dictionary of plant toxins, John wiley and Sons Ltd, West Sussex,England, 882-883. Li, N., Bao, L., Zhou, T., Yuan, Z., Liu, S., Dunham, R., … Liu, Z. (2018). Genome sequence of walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) provides insights into terrestrial adaptation. BMC Genomics, 19(1), 1–16. Weathers, K. C., Strayer, D. L., & Likens, G. E. (Eds.). (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-018-5355-9 Fundamentals of ecosystem science. Academic Press. Lukas, P., Wolf, R., Rauch, B. H., Hildebrandt, J. P., & Müller, C. (2019). Hirudins of the Asian medicinal leech, Hirudinaria manillensis: same same, but different. Parasitology Research, 118(7), 2223–2233. Allred, K. W. (1982). Describing the Grass Inflorescence. Journal of Range Management, 35(5), 672. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-019-06365-z Adamek-Urbańska, D., Błażewicz, E., Sobień, M., Kasprzak, R., & Kamaszewski, M. (2021). Histological study of suprabranchial chamber membranes in Matsukura, K., & Wada, T. (2017). Identification of Pomacea species using molecular techniques. Biology and Management of Invasive Apple Snails, 33–43. anabantoidei and clariidae fishes. Animals, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11041158 Mustafa, A., Widodo, M. A., & Kristianto, Y. (2012). Albumin And Zinc Content Of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Extract And Its Role In Health. IEESE International Journal of Science and Technology, Adamson, E. A. S., Hurwood, D. A., & Mather, P. B. (2010). A reappraisal of the evolution of Asian snakehead fishes (Pisces, Channidae) using molecular data 1(2), 1–8. Nelson, J. S. (2006). Fishes of the World. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada (4th ed., Vol. 34). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Haboken, New Jersey. https://doi.org/10.1139/f77-336 from multiple genes and fossil calibration. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 56(2), 707–717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.03.027 Nelson, J. S. (2016). Fishes of The World (Vol. 148). Haboken, New Jersey.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Baie, S. H., & Sheikh, K. A. (2000). The wound healing properties of Channa striatus-cetrimide cream-wound contraction and glycosaminoglycan Rawlings, T. A., Hayes, K. A., Cowie, R. H., & Collins, T. M. (2007). The identity, distribution, and impacts of non-native apple snails in the continental United States. BMC Evolutionary Biology, measurement. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 73(1–2), 15–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00253-1 7(February). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-7-97 Carpenter, K. E., & Niem, V. H. (2001). THE LIVING MARINE RESOURCES OF THE WESTERN CENTRAL PACIFIC, 6, 3890–3901. Food & Agriculture Org. Rosen, D. E., & Greenwood, P. H. (1976). A fourth neotropical species of synbranchid eel and the phylogeny and systematics of synbranchiform fishes. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural Courtenay, W. R., & Williams, J. D. (2004). Snakeheads (Pisces, Channidae) A Biological Synopsis and Risk Assessment. Geological Survey Circular (Vol. 1251). History, 157, 5–66. Cowie, R. H., Hayes, K. A., Strong, E. E., & Thiengo, S. C. (2017). Non-native apple snails: systematics, distribution, invasion history and reasons for Schmidt, J. (1909). On the distribution of the freshwater eels (Anguilla) throughout the world. II. Indo-Pacific Region. Meddr. Kommn. Havunders., Ser. Fisk., 3, 1–45. Tsukamoto, K., Chow, S., Otake, T., Kurogi, H., Mochioka, N., Miller, M. J., … Tanaka, H. (2011). Oceanic spawning ecology of freshwater eels in the western North Pacific. Nature Communications, 2(1). introduction. Biology and Management of Invasive Apple Snails, 3–32. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1174 Elliott, J. M., & Kutschera, U. (2011). Medicinal Leeches: Historical use, Ecology, Genetics and Conservation. Freshwater Reviews, 4(1), 21–41. Tubtimon, J., Jeratthitikul, E., Sutcharit, C., Kongim, B., & Panha, S. (2014). Systematics of the freshwater leech genus hirudinaria whitman, 1886 (arhynchobdellida, Hirudinidae) from northeastern https://doi.org/10.1608/frj-4.1.417 thailand. ZooKeys, 33(452), 15–33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.452.7528 Estebenet, A. L., & Martín, P. R. (2002). Pomacea canaliculata (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae): Life-history traits and their plasticity. Biocell, 26(1), 83–89. Yahaya, H., Amzah, B., Sivapragasam, A., Nordin, M., Muhamad Hisham, M. N., & Misrudin, H. (2017). Invasive apple snails in Malaysia. Biology and Mangement of Invasive Apple Snails, (January), 169– Grutter, M. G., Priestle, J., Rahuel, J., Grossenbacher, H., Bode, W., Hofsteenge, J., & Stone, S. R. (1990). Crystal structure of the thrombin-hirudin complex: A 195. Yang, T. B., Wu, Z. D., & Lun, Z. R. (2013). The apple snail Pomacea canaliculata, a novel vector of the rat lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis: its introduction, spread, and control in China. Hawai’i novel mode of serine protease inhibition. EMBO Journal, 9(8), 2361–2365. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07410.x Journal of Medicine & Public Health : A Journal of Asia Pacific Medicine & Public Health, 72(6 Suppl 2), 23–25.

Microbes detection and the usage of water waste of extract from Melaleuca cajuputi (Pokok Gelam) INTRODUCTION TO Hatchery Belangkas UMT, Kuala Kemaman HBUKK (HBUKK) is one a crab conservation center established on June 20, 2020 and began full operations on March 1, 2021. The center is located at next to the Kuala Kemaman Berhad Fishermen's Cooperative Office, Jalan Kuala Kemaman, 24000 Kemaman, Terengganu. The establishment of a horseshoe crab's hatchery is an initiative from University Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) in maintaining the crab which is one of the treasures of nature. “Living fossils” that have existed since 250 million years ago Limulus polyphemus, Tachypleus gigas, Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. Horseshoe crab blood has been widely used as an endotoxin detector Melaleuca cajuputi is commonly known as the Gelam tree and is used to cure cholera as well as muscle and joint pain in folk medicine. It is a member of the Myrtaceae family with reported anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and anthelmintic activities. Problem Statement The horseshoe crab eggs cannot survive for long because of microbial infection. Its lead to low hatching number of horseshoe crabs. To identify the microbes from the horseshoe crab eggs to determine the effect of waste water from the extract of Melaleuca cajuputi using the eggs of horseshoe crab. 1. Isolation of microbes from Material & Methods the eggs of horseshoe crabs 2. Identification of the isolated microbes by 16s rDNA sequencing 3. Introduction of the waste water extract using the leaves of Melaleuca cajuputi using different concentration and water extract ratio. 4. Observation of the contaminants in every two days

Results and Discussion Image : Growth of microbes from water samples onto MA & PDA From the For water samples collected data of 100% Tab water, that has been recorded along 1:5, 1:10 the experiment, concentration have higher number of it has shown infected eggs. For that water water sample with samples from the concentration of 100% Gelam, 5:1 1:1, its show and 10:1 average number of concentration infected eggs which have less number means it is not very of infected eggs. high or very less. Conclusion Water waste from Melaleuca cajuput's leaves help to reduce the infection on the horseshoe crab eggs. The identification of the type of microbes on the infected eggs will help the other research on finding the anti- microbial agents that can reduce the infected eggs. NOR HAIZAADIELA BT ABDUL RAHMAN A18SC0429 18/7/2021-7/10/2021 HATCHERI BELANGKAS UMT, KUALA KEMAMAN