Body Systems

HEALTH SCIENCE MR. PICKETT Body Systems Aliza Sohail 1B

Integumentary System Vocabulary: - Epidermis = Outermost layer of Parts: Hair, Nails, Sweat, Oil glands and skin Key Terms: derm/o, dermat/o- skin skin made of stratified squamous kerat/o- cornea xer/o- dry (horny layer) Diseases & Disorders: Healthcare xanth/o-yellow - Dermis = where sweating and - Acne (A skin condition that Careers: erythr/o- red circulating blood and feeling is felt occurs when hair follicles - Dermatology (study pedicul/o- lice - Hypodermis= composed mostly of plug with oil and dead skin onych/o- fingernail/ toenail of skin) pil/o- hair fatty tissue, provides insulation and cells) lip/o- fat - Melanoma (most severe - Estheticians rhytid/o- wrinkle energy storage (focused on skin care albin/o- white - Keratinocytes = building blocks of type of skin cancer) including, but not the tough, fibrous protein keratin - Skin Cancer (abnormal limited to, skin which provides structure growth of skin cells) - Eczema (skin red & itchy) treatments, facials, - Melanocyte = cells that contain - Burns (Damage to the skin makeup application color, give skin color and hair removal) - Langerhans Cells = star shaped or deeper tissues) - Cosmetology cells that eat unwanted invaders (practice of Function: Protects the body beautifying the face, - Sebum= fatty/ oil secretion against infection and extreme hair, and skin) - Alopecia= all of sudden hair loss temperatures. It maintains - Keratin= fiber protein that is primary component of hair, nails and your balance of fluids and skin makes vitamin D - Callus= thickened portion of the skin

Musculoskeletal System Vocabulary: Function: It supports the Diseases & Disorders: - Immobile joints= no mobility body, allowing motion, and - Arthritis (joint inflammation) - Bursa= sac of fluid near a joint; promotes protecting vital organs - Oseteoporosis (bones=weak) smooth sliding of one tissue against another - Fibromyalgia (muscle pain) - Collagen= dense, connective tissue Key Terms: - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome protein strands found in bone and other my/o- muscle (numbness and tingeling in tissues myel/o- bone marrow/ spinal cord hand) - Tendon= connective tissue that binds oste/o- bone - Bone fractures (breakage of muscles to bones cost/o- ribs bones) - Phosphorus= mineral substance found in crani/o- cranium bones in combination with calcium -pexy- fixation - Ossification= process of bone formation chondr/o- cartillage - Manubrium= upper portion of the sternum; arthr/o- joint articulates with the medial aspect of the -plegia- paralysis/ stroke clavicle kinesi/o- movement - Yellow Bone Marrow= Fatty tissue found in the diaphyses of long bones Healthcare Careers: - Sinus= cavity w/in a bone - Physical therapist (help injured or - Cartillage= Flexible, rubbery connective ill people improve movement and tissue. It is found in the immature skeleton, manage pain) at the epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint - Prosthetist (specialist in surfaces prosthetics)

Nervous System Vocabulary: Key Terms: - Sensory Neurons= transmit impulses from Parts: Brain, Spinal Cord and nerves neur/o- nerve encephal/o- head sensory receptors to CNS (unipolar) myel/o- muscle - Motor Neurons= impulse move from CNS to Diseases & Disorders: ambul/o- to walk -esthesia- sensation parts of body (multipolar) - Meningitis (inflammation of brain/spinal mening/o- meninges pysch/o- mind - Integration= processes input and decides what cord) concuss/o- shaken, violently agitated should be done about it - Epilepsy (brain causes seizures) - Motor Output= response that occurs when your - Stroke (blood supply to brain is nervous system activates certain parts of your interrupted) body - Glaucoma (damage to eye optic nerve) - CNS= brain and spinal cord, makes deicision - PNS= nerves that branch off from brain and Healthcare Careers: spain, allow to communicate w/ dif parts of body - Neurology (branch of medicine dealing - Sensory Division= picks up sensory stimuli with disorders of the nervous system) - Neurons= respond to stimuli and transmit - Psychologist (study of mind) signals - Gilal Cells= provide support, nutrition, Function: involved in receiving insulation & help w, signal transmission information about the environment - Microgilal Cells= immune defense around them. It processes and has - Dendrites= pick up messages & convey that to trigger reactions for the sense cell body (attached to) - Axons= transmit electrical impulses away from cell body

Vocabulary: Special Senses - Sensory Cells= translate chemical and Function: detect Parts: sensory receptors and mechanical stimuli into action potentials environmental stimuli and neural pathways - Photoreceptors= cells that detect light wave turn their energy into - Mechanoreceptors= detect sound waves & electrical impulses. These Key Terms: pressure onto skin are then conveyed along - irid/o= iris - Gustation= taste sensory neurons to the - cusis= hearing - Cerebral cortex= interprets signals & store central nervous system, - opia= vision as memories where they are integrated - ot/o= ear - Tympanic membrane= eardrum and processed, and a - tympan/o= eardrum - Tympanic canal= amplifies sound as it response is produced. - opthalm/o= eye enters the ear - metry= measuring - Labyrinth= turn physical vibrations into Healthcare Careers: electrical impulses & help maintain - Ophthalmology (study diseases & equilibrium treatments of eye) - Glomerous= tangle of fibers that is a - Audiology (study diseases or ear/ hearing) transfer station (nose infor turn to brain info) Diseases & Disorders: - External ear= only involved w/ hearing - Blindness ( visual impairment) - Basilar membrane= stiff tissue runs - Deafness (not being able to hear) between scala media and tympana - Anosmia (loss of sense of smell) - Inner ear= key to both hearing & - Ageusia (loss of taste) maintaining equilibrium - Ptosis= drooping upper eyelid Pinna (Aurcile)= catches sound waves &

Cardiovascular System Vocabulary: Function: deliver oxygen to the Key Terms: - Endocardium= thin smooth muscle that line body tissues, whilst - cardi/o= heart inside of chambers of heart, innermost layer simultaneously removing carbon - angi/o= vessel - Myocardium= middle layer, muscular layer of dioxide produced by metabolism. - hem/o, hemat/o= blood heart - brady= slow - tachy= fast - Pericardium= tough, double layer fibrous sac that Diseases & Disorders: - thromb/o= blood clot - emia= condition of covers heart - Heart Attack (blockage of blood blood - leuk/o= white - AV Node= electrical signals from the atria must flow to heart muscle) - erythr/o- red - arteri/o= artery pass through the AV node to reach the ventricles - Stroke= Damage to the brain from - SA Node= where electrical impulses are interruption of its blood supply generated, pacemaker - Coronary Artery Disease (damage - Pulmonary Pathway= transports oxygen-poor to heart major blood vessel) blood from the right ventricle to the lungs to - Arrhythmia (improper beating of become oxygenated heart) - Systematic Pathway= provides the oxygenated blood to body. Carries nutrients to cells and picks Careers: - Cardiologist (doctor who up carbon dioxide & waste products - Veins= blood vessels that carry blood back from specializes in the study of heart diseases/ abnormalities) different parts of the body to the heart - Capillaries= tiny blood vessels that deliver blood - Cardiovascular surgeon (operate on your heart and blood vessels to to the cells and connect arteries and veins -Arteries= blood vessels that carry blood away repair damage ) from the heart to different parts of the body

Respiratory System Vocabulary: Parts: nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs -Trachea= windpipe Key Terms: -Alveoli= oxygen inhaled Healthcare Careers: - bronch/o= bronchus/ bronchial tube passes into bloodstreams and - Respiratory therapist ( interview and - cyan/o= blue carbon dioxide is expelled out examine patients with breathing or - laryng/o= larynx/ voice box blood cardiopulmonary disorders) - oxia= oxygen - Diaphgram= smooth thin - Pulmonologist (physician who specializes in - oxy= containing oxygen muscle that help your lungs the respiratory system) - pleur/o= pleura expand & contract - Thoracic surgeon (medical doctor who - pneum/o= lung - Lymph nodes= in groups by performs surgery on organs in the chest - pulmon/o= lung lymphatic vessels (filter - thorac/o= chest material in vessels) Function: inhaling fresh oxygen air - trache/o= trachea/ windpipe - Lymphatic vessels= carry and exchanging harmful carbon dioxide bacteria, cancer cells and unhealthy cells away from body (fluid called lymph) Diseases and Disorders: - Nasal cavity= filters, warms - apnea= temporary interruption of breathing and humidifies inhaled air - stridor= harsh, high pitched sound during - Ventilation= process of air respiration moving in & out of lungs - asthma= chronic condition of periodic attacks of -Pharynx= (throat) passageway dyspnea where food, air and liquid goes - bronchitis= inflammation of bronchial tubes

Digestive System Vocabulary: - gallbladder= small baglike organ that store Function: digests food, Key Terms: bile absorbs released nutrients, - cholecyst/o= gallbladder - large intestine= absorbs extra water from and excretes food components - enter/o= small intestines undigested materials that are indigestible - col/o, colon/o= colon - peristalsis= rhythmic muscle contractions (large intestine) that forces food into the stomach Diseases and Disorders: - hepat/o= liver - small intestine= break down food, absorb - Gastritis (inflammation of stomach - gastr/o= stomach nutrients needed for the body, and get rid of lining) - or/o= mouth the unnecessary components - Irritable Bowel Syndrome (aka IBS - pepsia= digestion - bile= green liquid used to digest fat which is abdominal pain) - chol/e= bile, gall - chyme= soupy mixture in stomach - Constipation (difficulty excreting stool) - proct/o= anus - enzymes= substance that break down some - Nausea (urge to vomit) nutrients into smaller particles that body can use - villi= finger like projections sticking out of Healthcare Careers: the walls of the intestines increasing the - Gastroenterologist (medical practitioner surface area improving the body's ability to qualified to diagnose & treat disorders of absorb nutrients stomach/intestines) - saliva= liquid from salivary glands, begins - Dentist (specializes in diagnosing/ treating chemical digestion of carbs diseases of teeth & tissues of the oral - anus= excretory opening at the end of cavity) alimentary canal

Vocabulary: Urinary System - kidney= bean shaped organs which filter Function: System that rids Key Terms: nitrogenous waste from bloodstream to itself of unwanted toxins/ waste, - cele= swelling, hernia make urine maintain homeostasis - lysis= breakdown, separation, - hilum= depression in organ where blood loosening vessels and nerves enter and leave Disease and Disorders: - cyst/o= cyst/ fluid sac/ bladder - nephr/o= kidney - nephron= unit of kidney where filtration, - Urethritis (inflammation of urethra) - ren/o= kidney - uria= urination reabsorption and secretion take place - Noctura (frequent urination at - pexy= surgical fixation - ectasis= dilation - renal artery= blood vessel that carries night) - pyel/o= renal pelvis blood to kidney - Dehydration (lack of water in body) - urethra= tube from urinary bladder to - Kidney stones (urine contains more outside of body crystal-forming substances — such - renal medulla= contains the structures of as calcium, oxalate and uric acid — the nephrons responsible for maintaining the than the fluid in your urine can salt and water balance of the blood dilute) - Glomerulus= tiny ball of capillaries encased in the upper end of a nephron; where the Healthcare Careers: filtration of blood takes place - Dialysis technician= operates machines - arteriole= small artery that remove metabolic waste and express - creatinine= Waste produce of muscle fluid from the blood of patients kidneys that metabolism; nitrogenous waste excreted in don’t function properly urine - Urologist= physician who specializes in - electrolyte= chemical element that carries diseases of urinary system electrical charge dissolved in water

Reproductive System Vocabulary: Function: To nurture the developing offspring Key Terms: - cervic/o= cervix - endometrium= the mucus membrane Diseases and Disorders: - salping/o= fallopian tube - ov/o= egg that lines the uterus - HIV/AIDS (HIV causes AIDS and - orchid/o= testicle - oophor/o= ovary - labia minora= 2 inner folds of vagina interferes with the body's ability to - men/o= menstruation - mamm/o= breast - estrogen= female sex hormones fight infections) - gynec/o= female - colp/o= vagina - seminiferous tubule= male reproductive - Prostate cancer (A cancer in a - prostat/o= prostate gland cell man's prostate, a small walnut-sized - epididymis= tube next to each testis, gland that produces seminal fluid) receives sperm from seminiferous tubule - Endometriosis (A disorder in which - urinary bladder= membranous sac for tissue that normally lines the uterus temporary retention of urine grows outside the uterus) - prostate gland= production of a fluid with - Erectile dysfunction (Occurs when sperm cells from testicles and fluids other a man can't get or keep an erection glands, makes up semen firm enough for sexual intercourse) - endometrium= the mucous membrane that lines the uterus Healthcare Careers: - fallopian tube= one of two fluid-filled - Oncologist= physician who tubes in human females through which an specializes w/ people who have egg passes after its release from an ovary cancer - testes= The male gonads, which - Surgical technician= assist produce sperm and secrete male sex physicians and nurses in operating hormones. room