Body systems: Khushi A.

Key Terms: Musculoskeletal System Vocabulary: ● my/o: Muscle 1. Vertebra: Back Bone ● myel/o: Bone marrow/ Function: Provides form, support, 2. Joint: Area where 2 bones meet Spinal cord stability, and movement in the body 3. Cranium: Top of skull ● oste/o: bone 4. Phalanges: Fingers and Toes ● cost/o: Ribs 5. Tendon: Strong connective tissue fibers that connect the muscle to ● crani/o: Cranium/skull the bone. ● -pexy: Surgical Fixation 6. Articular Cartilage: Thin layer of ● chondr/o: Cartilage cartilage, covers bone in the joint ● arth/o: Joint space. ● -plegia: Stroke or 7. Ossification: process of bone Paralysis. formation 8. Compact Bone: Hard, dense, bone ● kinesi/o: Movement tissue usually found in the outer portion of bones. 9. Bone: Hard connective tissue Healthcare Careers: 10. Cancellous bone: Spongy bone 1. Chiropractor: Treat back and neck tissue in the inner part of a bone. pain. 2. Physical Therapist: Improve Disease/Disorder: mobility, movement, or help 1. Dislocation: When a bone is out of its socket manage pain after an injury. 2. Arthritis: Inflammation in the joints 3. Polydactyly: extra fingers or toes 4. Bone Cancer: Cancer in the bones.

Key Terms: Urinary System Vocabulary: ● -cele: Swelling 1. Bladder: A sac in your body that holds the ● -lysis: Loosening, dissolution Function: to filter blood and create urine (pee) produced by the kidney. ● cyst/o: Bladder, sac, cyst urine as a waste by-product. 2. Kidneys: Two bean-shaped organs in your ● nephr/o: Kidney body. Kidneys clean the blood, help make ● ren/o: Kidney red blood cells, and keep bones healthy. ● Uria: Urine 3. Ureters: Two tubes that carry urine (pee) ● -pexy: Surgical Fixation from the kidney to the bladder. ● -ectasis: Dilation of tubular 4. Urethra: A tube that carries urine (pee) out of structure. the bladder when you go to the bathroom. ● pyel/o: Renal pelvis 5. Urine: A yellowish liquid made by the kidneys. Your kidneys make urine as a way to remove waste products and extra water that your body. 6. Hilum: Depression in an organ where blood vessels and enter and leave. Disease/Disorder: 7. Glomerulus: Tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the kidney. ● Diuresis: an increase in the volume of 8. Meatus: Opening or canal urine. 9. renal vein: blood vessel that carries blood ● Urinary tract infection (UTI): A UTI is an away from the kidney and toward the heart 10. renal pelvis: Central collection region in the infection of any of the structures of the kidney urinary tract. ● Renal Failure: Renal Failure is the Healthcare careers: inability of the kidneys to concentrate 1. Nephrologist: Doctor specializing in conditions of the urine or excrete waste. kidney. ● Polyuria: passing of an abnormally large 2. Urologist: Specializes in diseases and disorders of the amount of urine. urinary tract.

Key Terms: Respiratory System Vocabulary: ● Bronch/o: Bronchus and 1. Lungs: Breathes in oxygen and out Trachea Function: Let you breathe by carbon dioxide ● Cyan/o: Blue filtering and cleaning out waste 2. Diaphragm: Muscle between chest and ● Laryng/o: Larynx like carbon dioxide abdomen, contracts/relaxes for breathing. ● -oxia: Oxygen 3. Pharynx: Throat, used for digestion ● Oxy: Oxygen or additional and respiration oxygen 4. Epiglottis: Piece of cartilage that covers the airway, it prevents food or air from ● Pleur/o: Side, Rib, Lateral, going the wrong. Pleura 5. Nose: The main pathway for respiration ● Pneum/o: Lungs,air,breathe 6. Nasal Cavities: The inside of the nose ● Pulmon/o: Lungs 7. Nostrils: The opening of the nasal ● Thorac/o: Chest, Chest wall cavities to the outside. 8. Alveoli: Air sacs of the lung ● Trache/o: Trachea 9. Bronchi: Largest branch of the bronchial tree between the trachea and bronchioles. Disease/Disorder: 10. Mucus: protective secretion of the 1. Influenza: Viral Infection of the upper or mucous membranes lower respiratory tract. 2. Pneumonia: Inflammation and Condensolidation of the lung tissue. Healthcare Careers: 3. Asthma: Lung disease that inflames and 1. Respiratory Therapist: Diagnosis breathing problems and suggest treatment options to patients. narrows airways. 2. Pulmonologist: Specializes in diagnosing and treating patients with 4. Cystic Fibrosis: The body produces thick Lung diseases and problems. and sticky mucus that can clog the lungs

Key Terms: Nervous system Vocabulary: 1. Central Nervous system: Brain and ● neur/o: Nerve Function: System of nerves that spinal cord ● encephal/o: Brain transmit impulses throughout the body. 2. Peripheral Nervous System: All parts of ● myel/o: Spinal cord, medulla, the nervous system except for the brain and spinal cord. myelin 3. Neuron: Nerve cell that transfers ● ambul/o: To walk messages in the from of a fast moving ● -esthesia: Nervous Sensation electrical energy. 4. Nerves: Structures that carry information ● mening/o: Membrane from your body and CNS ● psych/o: Mind 5. Axon: Long nerve that conducts impulses away from a cell ● concuss/o: Shaken Together 6. Dendrite: Short fiber that conducts toward the cell body of the neuron 7. Astrocyte: Exchange of materials between neurons and capillaries. Disease/Disorder: 8. Microglial Cells: Immune defense 1. Parkinson’s: Chronic disease linked to the against invading microorganisms. decrease in dopamine production,which 9. Ependymal Cells: create, secrete, and causes slower movement and shaking while at rest circulate cerebrospinal fluid. 10. Oligodendrocytes: Produce an insulating barrier called the myelin sheath. 2. Concussion: Brain Injury caused by a blow to the head. 3. Alzheimer’s: Disease that affects brain Healthcare Careers: function, memory, and behavior 1. Neuroscientist: Studies the nervous system 2. Neurological Surgeon: Performs surgery on nervous 4. Bell’s Palsy: Sudden weakness or paralysis of facial muscles on one side of the face. system parts.

Key Terms: Integumentary System Vocabulary: ● Derm/o, Dermat/o: Skin 1. Epidermis: Outer layer of skin. ● Kerat/o: Hard Function: Barrier to protect body from the 2. Dermis: Middle layer of skin (glands, ● Xer/o: Dry outside. Includes skin, hair, and nails. blood vessels, and nerve ending) ● Xanth/o: Yellow 3. Subcutaneous Layer: The Layer ● Erythr/o: Red under the dermis. ● Pedicu/o: Lice 4. Cuticle: The base and sides of the ● Onych/o: Finger/Toe nails nail is the band of the epidermis. ● Myc/o: Fungus 5. Hair: Responsible for insulation and ● Pil/o: Hair protection. ● Lip/o: Lipid 6. Nails: Responsible for picking up ● Rhytid/o: Wrinkle things, scraping, and prying. ● Albin/o: White, not a lot of 7. Hypodermis: It connects skin to pigment. surface muscles, and is responsible for insulating the body and providing underlying muscle structure. 8. Stratum Basale: Bottom Layer. 9. Hair follicle: Sack like epidermal growth where hair grows. 10. Sebum: Fatty or oily secretion made by the sebaceous glands. Disease/ Disorder; Healthcare Careers: 1. Acne: Disorder in sebaceous gland that 1. Oncologist: Doctors who specialize in treating cancer. produces blackheads and pimples. 2. Dermatologist: Doctor who specializes with skin diseases. 2. Eczema: Inflammatory skin condition that isn’t contagious 3. Dermatitis: Irritant causing skin to inflame. 4. Alopecia: sudden loss of hair patches. 5. Psoriasis: Causes red, itchy patches on elbows, knees, and more.

Key Terms: Digestive System Vocabulary: 1. Esophagus: the passage between the ● cholecyst/o: Gallbladder Function: To take whole foods pharynx and the stomach ● enter/o: Intestine (Usually and turning them into energy and 2. Stomach: enlarged and muscular saclike nutrients to allow the body to organ of the alimentary canal small intestine) function, grow, and repair itself. 3. Mouth: the opening through which food is ● col/o,colon/o: Colon taken in ● Hepat/o: Liver 4. Amylase: any of a group of proteins ● gastr/o: Stomach found in saliva and pancreatic juice and ● or/o: mouth parts of plants; help convert starch to ● -pepsia: Digestion sugar ● chol/e: bile, gall 5. Pepsin: an enzyme produced in the ● proct/o: anus, rectum stomach that splits proteins into peptones 6. Small intesine: the longest part of the Disease/Disorder: alimentary canal ● Cirrhosis: Degenrative disease of the 7. Absorption: a process in which one luver. substance permeates another ● Gallstones: Hard deposits that form in 8. Large inestine: beginning with the cecum the gallbladder. and ending with the rectum ● Stomach flu: contact with an infected 9. Rectum: the terminal section of the person or through contaminated food or alimentary canal water. ● Barrett's esophagus: flat pink lining of 10. Gallbladder: Stores Bile the swallowing tube that connects the esophagus to become damaged by acid Healthcare Careers: reflux, which causes the lining to thicken ● Gastroenterologist: a medical practitioner qualified to diagnose and become red. and treat disorders of the stomach and intestines. ● Proctologist: deals with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus

Key Terms: Cardivascular system Vocabulary: ● Cardi/o: Heart 1. Arteries: Carry blood through the blood ● Angi/o: Blood Vessel Function: An organ system that 2. Veins: Carry blood back to the heart ● Hem/o,Hemat/o: Blood circulates bloos to and from the cells, 3. Heart: Pumps blood ● Brady: Slow transport nutrients, and remove waste. 4. Blood Vessels: Carry blood throughout the ● Tachy: Fast body ● Thromb/o: Clot 5. Atrioventricular node: specialized tissue in ● -emia: blood the wall between the atria. ● Leuk/o: White 6. Capillary: smallest blood vessel. Materials ● Erythr/o: Red pass to and from the bloodstream through ● Arteri/o: Artery the thin capillary walls 7. Coronary arteries: blood vessels that Diseases/Disorders: branch from the aorta and carry ● Cardiac Arrest: Abrupt loss of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle heart function in a person 8. Diastole: relaxation phase of the heartbeat ● Hypertension: High Blood 9. Endocardium: inner lining of the heart Pressure ● Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): 10. Pericardium: double-layered membrane Source: Damage or disease in surrounding the heart. the heart's major blood vessels. ● Arrhythmia: a condition in which Healthcare Proffessions: the heart beats with an irregular 1. Cardiologists: a doctor who specializes in the study or or abnormal rhythm. treatment of heart diseases and heart abnormalities. 2. Cardiovascular surgeons: specialist who operates on the heart, lungs and other thoracic (chest) organs.

Key Terms: Reproductive System Vocabulary ● cervic/o: Cervix 1. uterine tube: either of a pair of tubes ● salping/o: Fallopian tube Function: To produce egg and sperm conducting the egg from the ovary to the ● ov/o: Egg cells. To transport and sustain these uterus ● orchid/o: Testicle cells. To nurture the developing 2. mons pubis: a mound of fatty tissue ● oophor/o: Ovary offspring. covering the pubic area in women ● men/o: Menstruation 3. Oocyte: a female gametocyte that develops ● mamm/o: Breast Healthcare Careers: into an ovum after two meiotic divisions ● gynec/o: Female/Women 1. Gynecologist: Diagnosis 4. Endometrium: the mucous membrane that ● colp/o: Vagina and treats conditions of the lines the uterus ● prostat/o: Prostate gland female reproductive 5. lactiferous duct: ducts of the mammary system. gland that carry milk to the nipple Disease/Disorder: 2. Andrologist: Treats the 6. anterior pituitary: the anterior lobe of the 1. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease male reproductive system pituitary body (PID): Severe inflammation of the and male urogenital 7. corpus luteum: yellow endocrine tissue that pelvic cavity. complaints. forms in a ruptured Graafian follicle 2. Ovarian Cancer: Cancer of the following the release of an ovum; it ovary degenerates after a few days unless 3. Breast Cancer: Cancer of the pregnancy has begun mammary gland. 8. Progesterone: a steroid hormone produced 4. Penile cancer: Cancer of the in the ovary penis. 9. labia minora: the two inner folds of the vulva 10. follicle-stimulating hormone: a gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth of Graafian follicles in female mammals, and activates the cells in male mammals that form sperm