1. MODUL FABLE

MODUL MATERI AJAR BERBASIS PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BIDANG STUDI BAHASA INGGRIS KEGIATAN BELAJAR NARRATIVE TEXT (MODUL 4) JUDUL MATERI “FABLE” Disusun Oleh: Nama Mahasiswa : Wulan Agustina NIM : 202110631011115 Bidang Studi : Bahasa Inggris Rombel : PPG Angkatan I PENDIDIKAN PROFESI GURU FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG 2021

PREFACE Assalammu’alaikum Wr. Wb. Praise and gratitude, let us always pray to the presence of Allah SWT who has given His grace and guidance, so that this Learning Module can be completed properly. The purpose of the preparation of this learning module is as one of the tasks of the subject of the preparation of teaching materials in the implementation of Teacher Professional Education at UMM. This module contains learning material from one type of Narrative text, namely Fables. This module contains learning resources and sample texts that contain information, knowledge, and skills that students need to know and master. Supported by structured tasks and varied practice questions, it is hoped that this module can provide a deeper understanding to students. The author realizes that there are still many shortcomings in the preparation of this learning module. Therefore, the author really expects support and input from all parties in order to perfect the preparation of this module. Wassalammu’alaikum Wr. Wb. Salatiga, July 2021 The Writer ii

TABLE OF CONTENT Cover .................................................................................................................. i Preface ................................................................................................................ ii Table of Content ............................................................................................... iii INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1 A. Short Description .................................................................................... 1 B. Relevance ............................................................................................... 1 C. Learning Guide ....................................................................................... 1 MAIN SECTION ................................................................................................ 2 A. Learning Outcomes ................................................................................. 2 B. Sub Learning Outcomes ........................................................................... 2 C. Learning Materials and Learning Activity ................................................ 2 D. Summary ................................................................................................. 6 E. Structured Task ....................................................................................... 6 F. Discussion Forum .................................................................................... 9 CLOSING SECTION ....................................................................................... 10 A. Summative Test ..................................................................................... 10 B. Answer Key ........................................................................................... 18 REFERENCE iii

INTRODUCTION A narrative text is an imaginative story to entertain people. Narrative texts are divided into four types, those are: fairytales, fables, folktales, and myths. In this learning activity, you will be focus on the fable as one type of narrative texts. You will be presented with some texts and must analyze their parts. It is supposed to comprehend your knowledge and skills on this material. This module tries to improve the previous module because there are still many misconceptions found. This misconception will be explained in the learning material section below. 1. SHORT DESCRIPTION Have you ever heard about fable? What do you know about it? Well, it is a kind of narrative text to entertain the readers. From all the types of narrative texts, fable is the only text that uses animals as the main characters. 2. RELEVANCE When you were little, you must have often heard stories about animal characters. Do you still remember the story about an animal that used to steal cucumbers? What kind of animal is it? Yeah, it is a mouse deer. Besides that, some stories with crocodiles, monkeys, crows must be frequent, right? When you hear it, surely you will feel entertained while imagining these animals can talk like humans. Actually it's not just an amusing story, but you are expected to be able to understand the advice from the story that will be useful for the future. 3. LEARNING GUIDE In this learning activity, you will observe fable texts. At first, you are supposed to see some videos about fables and then some examples of fable text. You have to analyze the generic structures, language features, as well as the grammar used in the text. The structured tasks and formative test are 1

available in the last session to enhance your comprehension about this material. 2

MAIN SECTION 1. LEARNING OUTCOMES Having studied the learning materials and experienced the learning activities in this module, you are expected to be able: a) to organize the social function, generic structures, language features, as well as the grammar used in the text (knowledge); b) to recognize the moral values from the fable story (attitude); 2. SUB LEARNING OUTCOMES For achieving the learning outcomes, you are expected to be able: a) to analyze the social function, generic structures, language features; b) to explain moral values from the text 3. LEARNING MATERIAL AND LEARNING ACTIVITY Before going to the materials, please watching this video to help you draw the definition about fable! Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JI977pt26q0 a) Definition The word “fable” comes from the Latin word fabula which means “story.” Fables are fictional stories that teach specific moral lessons by 3

using non-human characters that have human characteristics. Most of the time, fables use animals as the characters and sometimes objects like household items that come to life and/or parts of nature can be used as characters as well. Regardless of what kinds of things are used as main characters, they are given anthropomorphic qualities to make them think and act like humans. b) Social Function There are two main purposes of writing a fable: 1) To entertain the readers with an attractive story In a broader sense, fables give audiences a chance to find humor in the trials of the human condition. 2) To teach a certain moral lesson or moral value to the readers Fables are a good way to teach moral meaning because they are simple in nature and can be easily digested by all kinds of people. c) Generic Structures The generic structures of fable are: 1) Orientation It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are introduced. 2) Complication It is about where the problems in the story developed. It explores the conflict among the characters. Conflict is when something happen and it is not what we want. This part can be more than one paragraph. 3) Resolution It is about how the problems in the story are solved. It can be bad or good ending. 4

4) Reiteration (optional) It is the part where the moral value stays on. This part is optional because sometimes some stories do not include the moral values explicitly but implicitly. d) Language Features These are the linguistic features contained in fable: 1) Past tense; 2) Adverb of time (e.g. Once upon a time, One day, etc) 3) Time conjunction (e.g. when, then, suddenly, etc) 4) Specific character 5) Action verbs 6) Direct speech (e.g. The monkey said, ”I want to eat bananas.”) 7) Bad or happy resolution e) Characteristics of Fable Fables are defined by four central essential elements: 1) Symbolism Characters in fables are stand-ins for humans, and their misadventures are meant to symbolize human behavior. 2) Anthropomorphization In fables, animals and even inanimate objects (like the wind, or the sun) are the main characters of the story and are given human qualities. Some animals have specific traits associated with them. For example, an owl is wise, a fox is cunning, and a lion is brave. 3) Lessons Every fable has a moral lesson at the end that arises from the story. For example: “Slow and steady wins the race.” 4) Humor Fables often have a humorous tone when showing the foolishness of human nature. 5

4. SUMMARY 5. SRUCTURED TASKS In this section, you will be presented with several exercises to practice your understanding of this material. a) TASK 1 1) Watch these videos! Video 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ZnWWUc5hyk 6

Video 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lY4AK4LVqBA 2) Fill in the table below! Video 1 Video 2 Questions What is the title of the video? Who are the characters of the story? When did the story happen? What are the problems of the story? How the problems solved? What do you learn from the story? b) TASK 2 1) Read the following text! A Greedy Dog A dog stole a large piece of tender meat from a butcher’s shop. He grasped the meat tightly between his teeth and ran home with it. On the way home, he came to a small bridge over a stream. As he was crossing the bridge, he looked down and saw his own reflection in the water below; he thought it was another dog that he saw. In this other dog’s mouth he saw another large piece of meat. 7

“If I can get the meat from that other dog, I will have two pieces instead of one,” thought the greedy dog. So, he bent down to get the meat and, as he opened his jaws, the meat fell out and was quickly lost in the water. So, in the end, the dog had nothing. He had been punished by his greed. 2) Identify the generic structures of the text above! Generic Structures Paragraph Orientation Complication Resolution 3) Write down the grammar and language features from the text! Grammar and Answers Language Features Specific character Past action verbs Adverb of time Time conjunction Direct speech c) TASK 3 Read the text and answer the following question! A Bear and A Rabbit Once upon a time there lived as neighbours, a bear and a rabbit. Unlike the bear, the rabbit was a good hunter. Therefore, the bear always asked the rabbit to hunt for him. The rabbit could not refuse the bear’s demand because he is afraid of the bear. Every week, the rabbit went to the woods to shoot buffaloes. 8

He shot and killed so many buffaloes. However, the bear was very gluttonous. He did not allow the rabbit to get any meats. Poor rabbit would have to go home hungry all the time. The bear was the father of five children. The mother bear always gave her youngest boy an extra large piece of meat. But the baby bear never ate the extra meat. Secretly, he would take the meat outside and pretend to play ball with it. Then, the baby bear would kick down the meat towards the rabbit’s house. When he got close to the door, he would give the meat such a great kick that it would fly into the rabbit’s house. In this way, poor rabbit would get his meal unknown to the papa bear. Write down the moral value of the story above! ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 6. DISCUSSION FORUM After learning this material and doing some exercises, discuss these questions with your friends! a) The difficult materials from this module b) The meant by a fable conveying a moral c) yg harus ditambahkan author 9

CLOSING 1. SUMATIVE TEXT Choose the correct answer by crossing a, b, c, or d! Read the text and answer the questions number 1 to 4 The Tiger and Mousedeer One day while a mousedeer was walking in the forest, he saw a big black snake sleeping under the tree. When he saw the snake, the mousedeer was frightened. He try to run away from the snake and unfortunately fell on top of a tiger which was sleeping not far from the snake. The tiger woke up and took hold of the mousedeer. He told the mousedeer that he was going to eat him for lunch. A tiger was about to eat a mousedeer when suddenly the desperate creature got an idea and said, \"You cannot eat me now as I am doing something really important.\" The tiger was curious and asked, \"Tell me what it is?\" The mousedeer said, \"Can you see the thing under the tree? It is a magic seatbelt. It belongs to the King. The belt can make the users powerful and unbeatable.\" \"Well, can I try it?\" asked the tiger thinking that the belt would be beneficial to him. “I'm afraid the King will be angry with me if he knows about it,\" the mousedeer answered. \"Oh please,\" the tiger begged, \"I promise not to tell anybody about it.\" \"Well, if you insist,\" said the mousedeer while slowly walking away from the tiger. The tiger quickly grabbed the belt and tried to wear it, but suddenly he groaned in pain. The belt turned out to be a snake and it bit the tiger. 1. Where was the tiger sleeping? a. In the middle of the forest. b. Next to the mousedeer’s house. c. Near the black snake that sleeping under the tree. 10

d. Far away from the place where the mousedeer fell. 2. From the text we can conclude that the mousedeer had … the tiger. a. tied b. bitten c. tricked d. helped 3. Why did the mousedeer trick the tiger by saying that the snake was a king’s belt? a. The tiger wanted to wear it. b. The tiger wanted to eat him. c. The mousedeer was a clever animal d. The mousedeer liked to trick other animals. 4. After reading the story, we can learn that …. a. We have to behave like the mousedeer. b. We have to be careful with the mousedeer. c. Sleeping black snake was a dangerous animal. d. We have to find a way to save ourselves from danger. Read the text and answer the questions number 5 to 9 Two Frogs Once upon a time, there were two frogs that had lived all their lives in a village. They wanted to go and see the nearby big city. After talking about it for a while, they finally took off to see the city. They had just walked for a little way but they soon began to feel tired. They decided to stop for a while to take a rest. One of the frogs felt that they were getting closer, so he asked his friend whether he could see the city. His friend said, “I cannot see the city but what if I climb on your back? I might be able to see it.” Then, he climbed up on the back of his friend to see the city. However, the frog could only see what was behind, and not 11

what was in front. So he saw the village they had just left. \"Can you see it? Is it wonderful?\" asked the frog who was below. \"Yes\" answered the frog who had climbed up. \"I can see it but I think it looks just like village.\" The frogs then thought that it was not worthwhile going any farther. They went back to their village and told the rest of the frogs that they had seen the city, and it was just e theirs. (Adapted from https://kidsshortmoralstories.com/the-tale-of-two-frogs) 5. Before leaving the village, the frogs …. a. had gotten sick b. had discussed their idea c. had argued about the idea d. had reported the idea to their leader 6. What did the frogs actually see? a. a big city b. another city c. another village d. their own village 7. “… it was not worthwhile going any farther.” The underlined word means …. a. nice b. useful c. valuable d. precious 8. What does the story teach us? a. It is easy to get everything we want. b. We should plan everything in advance. c. People will tell us honestly what they see and feel. 12

d. Never give up easily otherwise you will get nothing. 9. … they had only gone a little way, they started to feel tired. a. because b. although c. however d. therefore Read the text and answer the questions number 10 to 13 The Fox And The Crow Once upon a time, a fox was walking through the forest when he saw a crow sitting on a tree branch with a fine piece of cheese in her beak. The fox wanted the cheese and decided he would be clever enough to outwit the bird. \"What a noble and gracious bird I see in the tree!\" proclaimed the fox, \"How lovely she is! What fair plumage! If her voice is as lovely as her beauty, she would no doubt be the most beautiful of all birds.\" The crow was so flattered by all this talk that she opened her beak and gave a cry to show the fox her voice. \"Caw! Caw!\" she cried, as the cheese dropped to the ground for the fox to grab. (taken from http://www.storyit.com) 10. What does the writer intend by writing the text? a. To make the story popular. b. To make the readers entertained. c. To show a clever fox against a crow. d. To describe the way the fox got the cheese. 11. What does the second paragraph talk about? a. The way the fox tricked the crow. b. The happy fox which got the cheese. c. The place where the fox saw the crow. 13

d. How the crow sang to show her happiness. 12. “What fair plumage!” (paragraph 2) What does the underlined word mean? a. beak b. claws c. wing d. feather 13. What is the moral value of telling the story? a. Good deed deserves another. b. Don’t be easily tricked by flattery. c. A friend indeed is a friend in need. d. Work together and you will be stronger. Read the text and answer the questions number 14 to 17 Once there was a monkey that lived in a forest. When the forest caught fire, the monkey ran to the river. He wanted to cross the river to the other parts of the forest. Meanwhile, in the water, some crocodiles were waiting for their prey. As they saw the monkey, they quickly got closer and ready to eat him. The monkey had an idea. He asked them to line up across the river. He said he wanted to count how many crocodiles he would have to give his meat to. The crocodiles did so. Then, the monkey counted them while jumping on their backs to cross the river. When he got to the other side of the river, the monkey mocked the crocodiles for the foolishness and then ran away into the new place. 14. What is the main idea of the second paragraph? a. The crocodiles threatened the monkey. b. The monkey had an idea to cross the river. c. The monkey wanted to move into another forest. d. The monkey mocked the crocodiles for their foolishness. 14

15. From the text we can conclude that the crocodiles were …. a. clever b. stupid c. honest d. cunning 16. What was the real reason why the monkey asked the crocodile to line up? a. To count how many crocodiles that wanted his meat. b. To massage the crocodiles by jumping on their backs. c. To cross the river by jumping on the crocodiles backs. d. To talk closely to the crocodiles by standing on their backs. 17. “Then, the monkey counted them while jumping on their backs to cross the river.” The word ‘their’ refers to …. a. The river b. The forest c. The monkey d. The crocodiles Read the text and answer the questions number 18 to 21 One day, when an Ant was nimbly running about in search of food, came across a Chrysalis that was close to its time of change. The Chrysalis moved its tail, and thus attracted the attention of the Ant, who then saw for the first time that it was alive. “Poor, pitiable animal!” cried the Ant disdainfully. “What a sad fate is yours! While I can run hither and hither, at my pleasure, and, if I wish, ascend the tallest tree, you lie imprisoned here in your shell, with power only to move a joint or two or your scaly tail.” The Chrysalis heard all this, but did not try to make any reply. 15

A few days after, when the Ant passed that way again, nothing but the shell remained. Wondering what had become of its contents, he felt himself suddenly shaded and fanned by the gorgeous wings of a beautiful Butterfly. “Behold in me, your much pitied friend!” said the Butterfly, “Boast of your powers to run and climb as long as you can get me to listen now” So saying, the Butterfly rose in the air, and, borne along and aloft on the summer breeze, was soon lost to the sight of the Ant forever. 18. What is the text mostly about? a. The Ant and the Chrysalis b. The Beautiful Butterfly c. The Chrysalis shell d. The Powerful Ant 19. Why did the ant insult the chrysalis arrogantly? a. He was more brilliant than chrysalis b. The chrysalis would not get angry with him c. He couldn’t be able to see the chrysalis being a beautiful butterfly d. He didn’t know that the chrysalis would be a beautiful butterfly later 20. What can we learn from the text? a. It’s not good to be selfish. b. We should not underestimate to others. c. Impossible thing could happen anytime. d. We should prepare ourselves to face hard times. 21. ‘... ascend the tallest tree, ....’ The underlined word is closest in meaning to .... a. hold b. hang c. climb d. jump 16

Read the text and answer the questions number 22 to 25 The Fox and The Grapes Long time ago there lived a fox who loved to eat. He lived close to a vineyard and he used to stare at the lovely grapes that hung there. \"How juice they look. Oh I am sure these are stuff that melts in the mouth when you have them. If only I could reach them\". One sunny day, the fox woke up and saw the grapes glistening by the sunlight. The vineyard looked wonderful and the grapes looked so luscious that the hungry fox could no longer control itself. He jumped to reach them but fell down. He jumped again. No, they were much higher. He jumped even more. But they were still out of reach. He jumped and stretched and hopped but they were useless. Those yummy grapes hung higher than the fox could reach. No matter how hard he tried, the fox could not reach the grapes. He breathed heavily and began to sweat out of exhaustion. Giving up finally, he looked up in dislike and said as he walked away, \"Those grapes surely must be sour. I wouldn't eat them even if they were served to me on a golden dish.\" It's easy to have what you cannot have. Adapted: http://www.kidsgen.com/fables_and_fairytales/fables 22. The text emphasizes on …. a. reaching the luscious grapes b. dreaming of having luscious grapes c. making the best effort to get luscious grapes d. changing the mind of not getting the luscious grapes 23. How could you describe the characteristics of the fox? a. patient b. cheerful c. awkward d. discouraged 17

24. The story teaches us …. a. stop the useless effort b. don’t dream off something that out of reach c. use your logical thinking to get what you want d. work hard to make your dream comes true 25. “… and the grapes looked so luscious that ….” (the last paragraph) The underlined word is closest in meaning to … a. classy b. bright c. juicy d. firm 2. ANSWER KEY 1. REFERENCES http://www.woodheadpublishing.com/literary-devices/fable https://www.masterclass.com/articles/writing-101-what-is-a-fable-learn-about- the-4-central-characteristics-of-a-fable-and-4-famous-fable-examples#4-central- characteristics-of-a-fable http://britishcourse.com/narrative-text-definition-purposes-generic-structures- language-features.php http://englishstory12.blogspot.com/2012/11/kumpulan-narrative-fable- terlengkap.html 18

19