1st-merged

iii)  mofpay; rhue; ;j epfo;r;rpfs; (ehlfk;> ,ir) o tpOkpag; gz;Gfs; > tuyhw;Wf; fijfis ntspf;nfhzuf; $ba khztu;fSf;Nfw;w rpwe;j ehlfq;fis ,izaj;jpypUe;J fhnzhspfshf vLj;J fhl;rpg;gLj;jy;. o ,irj;Jiwapy; rpwg;Gj; Nju;r;rp ngw;wtupd; epfo;Tfis xypgug;Gr; nra;jy;.  fy;tp rhu;e;j eilKiwfspy; Gjpa tplaq;fis mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; epfo;rr; pfs; o ,iza topapyhd fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jiy Nkw;nfhss; y;. o fw;wYf;fhf ,izaj;jpy; gad;gLj;jf;$ba ,izag;gf;fq;fis khztu;fSf;F mwpKfk; nra;J mtw;iw Kiwahfg; gad;gLj;j topg;gLj;jy;.  ghlrhiyfspy; jpwd; tFg;giwg; gpuNahfj;ij Vw;gLj;jy;. o Xt;nthU khztDk; jpwd; tFg;giwiag; gad;gLj;j re;ju;g;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sy;.  rkak; rhue; ;j epfo;rr; pfs;  tpdhb tpdh epfo;rr; pfs;  guPl;iria ikakhff; nfhz;l nraw;ghLfs;. 03) rKjhaj;jpy; mq;fj;Jtk; tfpf;Fk; kdpjd; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l gof;ftof;fq;fs; xOf;f i) tpOkpaq;fs; ek;gpf;iffs; nfhz;l KOikahd njhFjp fyhrhuk; vdg;gLk;.   “fyhrhuk; vd;gJ mwpT > topghLfs; > fiyfs; > rl;lk; > gof;ftof;fk; kw;Wk; r%fj;jpy; tho;tjd; %yk; kdpju;fs; ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;w Vida rfy gpd;gw;Wjy;fs; > Mw;wy;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; nkhj;j mikg;ghFk;”. - T.B.nlapyu; -  “FwpaPl;L ujP pahf r%fk; cupj;jhff; pf; nfhz;Ls;sJk; ghuk;gupakhfj; jkjhf;fpf; nfhz;Ls;sJkhd rfy tpjkhd elj;ijf; Nfhyq;fSf;Fk; toq;ff;$ba $l;lhd ngaNu fyhrhukhFk;”. - rhu;s];.A.vy;T+l;-  “topghLfs; > rpe;jid Kiw > eilKiwf;fiyfs; > tho;f;if Kiwfs; > gof;ftof;fq;fs; > rk;gpujhaq;fs; kw;Wk; r%f ujP pahfg; gpd;gw;WtJ njhlu;gpy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l elj;ijfs;”. - c.$.`Pyu;- ii)  cyfhAj fyhrhuk; mjhtJ nghUs; rhu; gz;ghL (Material Culture) : nghUs; rhu; gz;ghL vd;gJ kf;fs; $l;lj;jpypUf;ff; $ba flG; ydhff; $ba nghUl;fisf; nfhz;l fyhrhuk;. c+k; :fll; lq;fs; > ghtidg; nghUl;fs; > Milmzpfyd;fs; Nghd;wit.  cyfhAjkpy;yhj fyhrhuk; mjhtJ nghUs; rhuh gz;ghL (Non-material Culture) : kf;fs; $l;lj;jpypUf;ff; $ba ek;gpf;iffs; > tpOkpak; > mwpT Nghd;wit. Fwpg;G : fyhrhuj;ijg; gpd;tUkhWk; tifg;gLj;jyhk;. 1. gpujhd fyhrhuk; (Main Culture) 2. cg fyhrhuk; / Jiz fyhrhuk; (Sub Culture) c+k; : ,yq;ifau; vd;gJ xU gpujhd fyhrhuk; > jkpou; vd;gJ cg fyhrhuk;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 42 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3733 V.Karththikayini

iii)  ghlrhiyf; fyhrhuj;ijf; ghJfhfF; k; tifapy; gUkl;lhd jpl;lnkhd;iw Kdi; tj;jy;. o tplak; - jkpo; rpq;fs rpj;jpiug; Gj;jhz;L epfo;T o Nehff; k; - fyhrhu ghuk;gupaj;ij gupkhwpf; nfhs;sy; o kdpj > ngsjpf tsq;fs; - kdpj tsk; - mjpgu; > Mrpupauf; s; > khztu;fs; > rpw;W}opau;fs; > ngw;Nwhu; > gioakhztu;fs;….. ngsjpf tsk; - ghlrhiy kz;lgk; > ikjhdk; > thj;jpaq;fs; > cgfuzq;fs;…. o Neu ml;ltiz - cj;Njr fhyrr; l;lfk; (Kant Chart) nraw;ghLfs; fhyk; (rpj;jpiu khjk; thuk;) 1. fyhrr; hu kd;wj;jpDldhd 1 Mk; 2Mk; 3Mk; 4Mk; fyeJ; iuahly; 2. mDkjpngwy; 3. tpoh xOq;F 4. kuG uPjpahd tpisahl;Lf;fs; > epfo;Tfis elhj;Jjy; 5. gz;ghl;L fiy epfo;Tfs; 6. kPnshOq;FgLj;jy; jkpo; rpq;fs rpj;jpiug; Gj;jhz;L epfo;it ghlrhiyapy; xOq;fikj;J eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; fyhrhug; ghuk;gupaq;fisg; gupkhwpf; nfhs;s KbAk;. 04) FWq;fhy khw;wk; : tpahghu tbtk; > murpay; fUj;Jff; s;. i) ePz;l fhy khw;wk; : efukakhff; y;   ii)  fw;wypy; r%f vz;zf;fUit mKyhff; y;. (ghlrhiyf;F mg;ghy;)  Kiwrhuh fy;tpf;fhd tha;g;ig mjpfupj;jy;.  Vida ehLfspy; fw;gjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fis cUthf;Fjy;.  gy;fiyf;fof mDkjpf;fhd tha;g;Gf;fis cUthf;Fjy;.  Mq;fpy nkhopf; fy;tpia Kf;fpaj;Jtg;gLj;jy;.  Ntiy cyfpw;Nfw;w fy;tpia toq;Fjy;  njhopEl;gf; fy;tpia tpupthf;fy;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 43 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3733 V.Karththikayini

iii)  etdP njhopy;El;g cgfuzq;fis gad;gLj;Jjy; - r%f khw;wj;jpw;Nfw;g etdP jfty; njhlu;ghly; njhopEl;g rhjdq;fspD}lhf fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwia Nkw;nfhst; jd; %yk; mtw;wpd; gad;ghL > gpuNahfk; vd;gtw;iw khztu;fs; mwpe;J mtw;iw Kiwahf gad;gLj;j topfhl;Ljy;.  Gjpa fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfisg; gadg; Lj;Jjy; - fzpdpf;$lhf mwpitf; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy;. (xyp > xsp Clhf kfhehL)  ngsjpf tsq;fis mjpfupj;jy;.  Ra fw;wy; > Ratopfhl;lYf;fhd fw;wy; > gupfhuf;fw;wy; re;ju;g;gq;fis cUthf;Fjy;.  E-fw;wYf;fhd tha;g;ig mjpfupj;jy;.  khztu;fsJ gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;j;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhd rpwe;j MNyhrid topfhl;ly; Nritapid toq;Fjy;.  MrpupauJ gzp > fiyj;jpl;l tpUj;jp > fiyj;jpl;l eilKiw > kjpg;gply; vd;gtw;wpy; khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;jy;. 05) Kiwrhu; r%ff;FO (Formal Group) i) Kiwapy; r%ff;FO (Informal Group)   ii)  Kiwrhu; r%ff;FO : o jpl;lkhd Nehff; k;> jpl;lk; cz;L. o mjpfhuKk; rf;jpAk; mlf;fikthff; fhzg;gLk;. o Ntiyg;gpupg;Gk; fhzg;gLk;. o Kiwahd tpjpKiwfSk; rl;ljpl;lq;fSk; fhzg;gLk;. o mYtyfj; njhlu;Gfs; fhzg;gLk;. o epGzj;Jt mbg;gilapy; epakdk; cz;L. o ey;yhspilj; njhlu;G fhzg;gLk;.  Kiwapy; r%ff;FO : o xw;Wik $l;LwT fhzg;gLk; o Rakhf Ntiy nra;jy;. o jd;dhu;tj;Jld; njhopw;gly;. o epue;jukhd mq;fj;Jtk; ,d;ik. o vOjg;glh tpjpfspy; topfhl;lyf; s; toq;fg;gLk;. o Kfj;JfF; Kfk; njhlu;ghly; fhzg;gLk;. o njhlu;r;rpahd Mspilj; njhlu;Gfs; fhzg;gLk;. o fyeJ; iuahly; %yk; KbntLj;jy;. o nghJthd tpUg;gq;fis ,izj;J tpUj;jp nra;jy;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 44 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3733 V.Karththikayini

iii)  xU Mrpupau; jdJ fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwia ntw;wpfukhdjhff; pf; nfhs;s Kiwrhu; > Kiwapy; FOf;fisg; gadg; Lj;j KbAk;.  Kiwrhu; FOf;fs; o Kfhikj;Jtf;FO o xOf;fhw;Wf;FO o khztu; kd;wk; o tpisahl;Lf;FO o khztu; jiytu; FO o tFg;G Kjy;tu; FO ,t;tifahd Kiwrhu; FOf;fisg; gadg; Lj;jp fw;gpj;jy; gzpia ntw;wpfukhdjhff; pf; nfhs;syhk;.  Kiwapy; FOf;fs; o khztu; - khztu; FO o Mrpupau; - Mrpupau; FO ,f;FOf;fspypUe;J ghlj;jpw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd mwpTg;gpuNahfk; css; xUtiu fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwf;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jjy;. 06) i) ghjfkhd tplaq;fs; jdpegu; FO o jdpikapy; Ntiy nra;jy;. o Njitaw;w rj;jk; o gpur;rpidfis jPu;g;gjw;F o rpy khztu;fs; kl;Lk; nraw;gly;. topapy;iy. o mjpfsthNdhu; tpyfpr; nry;tu;. o mwpT kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ o ftdkpd;ik-ePz;lfhyk; vLj;jy; o Njitaw;w Ntiyfspy; <Lgly;. o rfghbfSldhd mDgtk; gfpug;glhik  ghjfkhd tplaq;fs; gy ,Ue;jhYk; rpy rhjfkhd tplaq;fSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. jdpegu; rhjfkhd tplaq;fs; FO o mikjp> Fiwthd rj;jk;. o $l;Lwthf Ntiy nra;jy;. o fUj;J epiymwpit tpUj;jp o xUtUf;nfhUtu; cjTjy; o njhlu;ghly; jpwid tpUj;jp nra;jy;. o epahakhd rpe;jid o FWfpa fhyj;jpy; Ntiyia nra;jy;. o fUj;Jff; is gupkhwy;. Kbj;jy;. o FWfpa fhyj;jpy; Ntiyia Kbj;jy;. o fUj;Jepiy mwpit tpUj;jp nra;jy;. o MSikia tpUj;jp nra;jy; N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 45 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3733 V.Karththikayini

ii) jdpegu;  gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;g;gjw;F topapy;iy – Mrpupaupd; cjtpAld; jdJ re;Njfq;fisj; jPu;f;fyhk;  mwpT kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ – tplag;gug;Gld; njhlu;Ggl;l Nkyjpf E}y;fis Mrpupau; thrpf;ff; nfhLj;jy;. FO  Njitaw;w rj;jk; - Njitaw;w rj;jk; vOg;gpdhy; FOTf;fhd Gs;spfs; Fiwf;fg;gLk; vd mwpTWj;jy;  rpy khztu; kl;Lk; nraw;gly; - FOTf;Fupa nraw;ghl;il Ntiyg;gpupg;gpd; mbg;gilapy; jdpj;jdpNa khztu;fSf;F gq;fpl;Lf; nfhLj;jy;. iii) rfghbf;fw;wy; FOf;fw;wy; $l;LwTf;fw;wy; vd;gtw;Ws; xdw; pidj; njupT nra;J xU  ghlj;ij tpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fk; mj;Jld; khztupd; ,iltpid nraw;ghl;L tpUj;jpapid nra;tjw;Fkhd tpjj;jpy; ghlf;Fwpg;G xd;wpidf; Fwpg;gply;.  FOf;fw;wy; o jhtug;gy;tifik vd;Dk; tplaj;ij fw;gpj;jYf;F FOf;fw;wy; Kiwiag; gadg; Lj;Jjy;. o khztu;fisf; FOf;fshfg; gpupj;J xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; xtn; thU Ntiyiaf; nfhLf;Fk; mNj Ntis xtn; thU khztUf;Fk; xtn; thU Ntiyiaf; nfhLj;jy;. o c + k; : jhtuj;jpd; gpujhd gFjpfisf; FOf;fSf;F gpupj;Jf; nfhLj;J > #oypy; fhzg;gLk; ntt;NtW tifahd jhtuq;fspd; gFjpfisr; Nrfupj;J tUkhW $Wjy;. o ,q;F khztupilNa FOf;fye;Jiuahly;fs; > Ma;Tfs;…… Nghd;wit ,lk;ngWtjd; %yk; fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; ntw;wpfukhdjhf ,lk;ngWk;. 07) r%fj; jiytuhfr; nraw;gly; i) topfhl;bahf nraw;gly;.  MNyhrfuhfr; nraw;gly;.  tpOkpaq;fs;> epakq;fspd; ghJfhtyuhfr; nraw;gly;  gpur;rpid jPu;g;gtuhf nraw;gly;.  cjtp nra;Ak; eguhfr; nraw;gly;.  r%fj;jpd; nraw;ghLfSf;F xj;Jiog;G toq;Fgtuhfr; nraw;gly;.   N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 46 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3733 V.Karththikayini

ii)  Kuz;ghLfs; > gpur;rpidfs; vd;gtw;iw vjpu;Nehff; y;. o xU Mrpupau; FLk;gj;jpy; FLk;gj;jiytuhfTk; > ghlrhiyapy; MrpupauhfTk; ,U ebgq;Ffis Vw;Fk;NghJ ghlrhiyapDs; FLk;gg; gpur;rpidiaNah > FLk;gj;jpDs; ghlrhiyg; gpur;rpidiaNah nfhz;L tuhjpUj;jy;.  tfpgq;F Kuz;ghL o jkpo; ghl Mrpupau; jkpo; ghlj;ijAk; Mq;fpy ghlj;ijAk; fw;gpj;jypd; NghJ Mq;fpy ghlj;jpid Kf;fpag;gLj;jy;.  tfpgq;FfSf;fpilapyhd Kuz;ghL o Kuz;gl;l vz;zf;fUf;fSs;s ghlq;fis Mrpupau; fw;gpfF; k; NghJ tfpgq;FfSf;fpilapyhd Kuz;ghL Vw;gLk;. (tpQ;Qhdk; > rka ghlq;fisf; fw;gpfF; k; Mrpupau; tpQ;Qhd ghlj;jpd; NghJ Ngh\\hfF; ss; czTfis mjpfk; cztpy; Nruj; ;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;ghu;. rka ghlj;jpd; NghJ tpuj Kaw;rpfspd; NghJ mirt czTfisj; jtpu;ff; Ntz;Lk; vd;W $Wthu;).  murpaypy; fUj;J Kuz;ghL iii)  fy;tpapy; Mu;tk; FiwthfTs;s fpuhkj;jpy; Mrpupau; xUtu; mg;gps;isfSf;F fy;tpapd; mtrpaj;ij typAWj;jp mtu;fspd; fw;wy; Mu;tj;ijj; J}z;Ltijg; Gyg;gLj;jf; $bathwhd ehlfg;gpujpnahd;iw Mf;Fjy;. 08) mz;kpa FO njhiyJ}uf;FO i) o khztu; - eyd; tpUk;gpfs; o ngw;Nwhu; - rkaj;jiytu;fs; ii) o gioa khztu; - ntt;NtWgl;l epWtdq;fs;  o Mrpupau; - njhz;L epWtdq;fs;  o mjpgu.; - rq;fq;fs;   ehd; ngw;w tpNrl mwpit ghlrhiyf;F toq;Fjy;.  jiyikj;Jt epfo;Tfs;.  ghlrhiyr; Rw;whliyr; Rj;jk; nra;jy;.  rpukjhdg;gzpfis Nkw;nfhss; y;. kUj;Jt rpfpr;ir Kfhk;fis elhj;Jjy;. ftdaPu;g;G epfo;Tfis elhj;Jjy;. Njitahd ngsjpf > epjp tsq;fisj; jpul;bf; nfhLj;jy;. iii)  ghlrhiyiaAk; r%fj;ijAk; edF; ,dq;fhzy;.  Mrpupau; tfpgq;if ,dq;fhzy;  njhlu;ghly; jpwd;.  kdpjg;gz;Gfs; (md;G> nghWik)  njhopy;thz;ikapd; juk;  r%fj;jpw;fhf nrtpkLj;jy;.  ghlrhiyiaAk; mjd; Kaw;rpiaAk; tpku;rpf;fhjpUj;jy;.  r%fj;jtu;fspilNa ghugl;rk; fhl;lhJ gaDWjpkpf;f njhlu;ghliy Nkw;nfhss; y;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 47 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3733 V.Karththikayini

fw;gpj;jypy; Njrpa bg;Nshkh ,Wjpg; guPl;ir - 2014 (2015) (02) fy;tp r%ftpay; - tpdhj;jhs; Ⅰ  1 njhlff; k; 10 tiuahd tpdhf;fspy; jug;gl;Ls;s xt;nthU $w;wpdJk; ,ilntspfF; kpfg; nghUj;jkhd nrhy;iy /nrhw;fis ,l;Lg; G+uzg;gLj;Jf. 1. gps;isf;Fj; jd;idr; Rw;wpAs;s r%fk; gw;wpa czu;r;rpfukhd vzz; q;fs; Vw;gLtJ mtupDs; fhzg;gLfpdw; ………………………….. rf;jpapdhyhFk;. 2. 1997 And];Nfh mwpf;ifapy; jug;gl;Ls;s $w;wpd;gb fy;tp …………………. ifaspf;Fk; typikahd Clfkhfr; nraw;gLfpdw; J. 3. egu; xUtu; gpwg;gpypUe;J ,wg;G tiu jdJ r%fr; R+oYf;F Vw;g ,irthf;fkiltJ ………………………… vd tiutpyf;fzk; nra;ag;gLk;. 4. gps;is tsUk; …………………… mtdJ/mtsJ cly; tsu;rr; pf;Fk; cs tsu;r;rpf;Fk; ngUksT nry;thfF; r; nrYj;Jk; vd;gJ r%ftpayhsupd; fUj;jhFk;. 5. r%fkakhFk; nrad;Kiwapd; NghJ ………………….. FLk;gk; typikahd jhff; j;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; vd;gJ r%ftpayhsupd; fUj;jhFk;. 6. ,yq;ifapd; Kiwrhu; fy;tp epWtdq;fSf;fpilNa ……………………. gz;Gfs; ed;F njspthfj; njd;gLtJ gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy; MFk;. 7. ahNjDk; xU njhopYf;F my;yJ Nritf;F cupj;jhFk; gjtpapd; my;yJ epiyapd; gzpf;$W ……………………………. vd miof;fg;gLk;. 8. cstpaypy; ,Ue;J …………………….. NtWgLk; gpujhd ,ay;ghf miktJ mjd; %yk; r%f elj;ijfs; fw;wYf;F cl;gLtjhy; MFk;. 9. rut; Njr nkhopiaf; fwpgpj;jy;> rut; Njr guPl;irfs;> ntspehl;L Gyikg; guprpy;fs;> khztu; gupkhw;w epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fisr; nraw;gLj;jy; Mfpatw;wpd; %yk; vkJ ehLk; ………………………………….. vzz; ff; Uit Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. 10. ve;j xU egUk; jdJ tUkhdk;> nrhj;J> tug;gpurhjq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; xU …………………………………. cupj;jhfpd;whu;. (01 × 10 = 10Gs;spfs;) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 48 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

 11 njhlf;fk; 20 tiuahd xt;nthU tpdhTf;Fk; cupa rupahd tpiliaf; Fwpj;J epw;Fk; ,yf;fj;ij vjpNuAs;s milg;Gf;FwpapDs; vOJf. 11. r%ftpaypd; mbg;gil Nehff; khtJ> (……..) (1) kdpjupilNaAs;s njhlu;igg; gw;wp fw;gjhFk;. (2) r%f mikg;Gf;fs; gw;wpf; fw;gjhFk;. (3) r%f epWtdq;fs; gw;wpf; fw;gjhFk;. (4) egu;fspd; gy;tifik gw;wpf; fw;gjhFk;. 12. murpay;> kUj;Jtk;> fy;tp> rl;lk; Mfpa r%f tpQ;Qhdq;fs; mlq;FtJ> (……..) (1) J}a r%f tpQ;Qhdk; vDk; gpuptpy; (2) gpuNahf r%f tpQ;Qhd gpuptpy; (3) rkepiyahd r%f tpQ;Qhdk; vDk; gpuptpy; (4) tuyhw;W uPjpahd r%ftpay; gpuptpy; 13. kiwf;fiyj;jpl;lk; ghlrhiyf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpDs; nraw;gLj;jg;gLtjd; %yk;> (1) Mrpupau; ,y;yhj ghlNtisfspy; khztu;fis tpisjpwDs;s gzpapy; <LgLj;j KbAk;. (2) ghlrhiyapy; khzth; rq;fq;fis xOq;F nra;tjd; %yk; khzthpd; jpwd;fis tpUj;jp nra;a KbAk;. (3) ghlrhiyapy; fyhrhuj;ij my;yJ egupilj; njhlh;Gfis Nkk;gLj;j KbAk;. (4) ghlrhiyr; r%fj;jpd; ftdj;ij <h;ff; f; $ba fth;r;rpfukhd ghlrhiyahf khw;w KbAk;. (……..) 14. Kjd;ik epiy xd;iwr; Nrh;e;j gps;isnahd;iwr; r%fkakhff; ypd; NghJ vspjpy; gad;gLj;jf;$ba r%fkakhfF; k; El;g KiwahtJ> (1) MNyhrid $wYk; topfhl;lYk;. (2) fw;wYk; fw;gpj;jYk;. (3) gupRfSk; jzl; idfSk; (4) gpdg; w;wYk; Kd;khjpupahftpUj;jYk;. (……..) 15. fpil ,af;fk; (Horizontal mobility) vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLk; $w;W ahJ? (……..) (1) tptrhapapd; kfd; nghwpapayhsuhjy;. (2) if cjtpahsh; xU Nkrdhjy;. (3) vOJtpidQh; xU epWtdj;jiytuhjy; (4) kUj;JtnuhUtupd; kfd; Mrpupauhjy;. 16. 1997 Gjpa fy;tp rPh;jpUj;jj;jpd; %yk; Muk;g tFg;GfSf;F mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;l fw;wy; Kiwfspy; Kjd;ik epiy xd;Wf;f nghUj;jkhd fw;wy; Kiwfspd; gbKiwfshf miktJ> (1) jpl;kplg;gl;l tpisahl;Lf;fSk; tpNehj NtiyfSk; nraw;ghLfSk; Mrdj;jpy; mkh;e;J nra;Ak; NtiyfSk;. (2) Mrdj;jpy mkh;e;j nra;Ak; Ntiyfs;> nraw;ghLfs;> jpl;lkplg;gl;l tpisahl;Lf;fSk; > tpNehj NtiyfSk;. (3) nraw;ghLfs; Mrdj;jpy; mkh;e;j nra;Ak; Ntiyfs;> jpl;kplg;gl;l NtiyfSk; tpNehj NtiyfSk;. (4) Mrdj;jpy; mkh;e;J nra;Ak; Ntiyfs;> jpl;lkplg;gl;l tpisahl;Lf;fs;> tpNehj NtiyfSk; nraw;ghLfSk;. (……..) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 49 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

17. ,yq;if kfsph; cah; fy;tpiaf; fw;w NghjpYk; eph;thfj;JiwapYk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpYk; Mz;fspd; gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ijNa mjpfk; fhz KbfpwJ.,jd; %yk; mwpa KbtJ> (1) ghy;epiy njhlh;ghd gpur;rpid ,yq;if r%fj;jpy; epyTfpwJ vdthFk;. (2) ghy;epiyiaj; jhz;b ehl;bd; fyhrhuj;jpw;F ,irthf;fk; mile;Jss; dh; vdthFk;. (3) ngz;fspYk; ghh;f;f Mzf; s; eph;thfj;jpy; jpwikahdth;fs; vd;gjhFk;. (4) eph;thf Ntiyfspd; NghJ vOk; rthy;fisg; ngzf; spdhy; ntw;wp nfhs;s KbahJ vd;gjhFk;. (……..) 18. Mrpupag; gapw;rpiag; ngWk; mkyh vDk; khztMrpupia jdJ gpujpgypg;G ehNsl;by; ,uzL; ghlrhiy khzth;fs; njhlh;ghf gpdt; Uk; jfty;fis vOjpAs;shh;. gpugh fkyh  Milfs; mRj;jkhdit.  jdpikia tpUk;Gthh;.  vg;NghJk; rz;il gpbg;ghh;.  kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l Ngr;R  tPl;LNtiyfisr; nra;tjpy;iy  nghWg;gspf;fg;gLk; Ntiyfis  fw;wy; tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;j ed;whfr; nra;thh;. khl;lhh;.  VidNahUf;F vjidAk; nfhLf;f  gapw;rpfisr; nra;tjpy;iy khl;lhh;.  VidNahhpd; NtiyfSf;fj; jilahf  jd;idg; gw;wp kl;Lk; rpe;jpg;ghh.; ,Ug;ghh;. gpugh>fkyh Mfpa ,UtupdJk; FLk;g Rw;whly; gw;wp> khzt Mrpupiaahd mkyh gpdt; Uk; ve;j KbTf;F tUthu; vd vjpu;T$Wf. (1) gpugh fUfF; Lk;gnkhd;wpd; gps;isahthu;. fkyh tpupFLk;gj;ijr; Nru;e;j gps;isahthu;. (2) gpugh gpsTgl;l FLkg; nkhd;wpd; gps;isahthu;. fkyh tpupFLk;gnkhd;wpd; gps;isahthu;. (3) gpugh gpsTgl;l FLk;gj;ijr; Nru;e;j gps;isahthu;. fkyh fUf;FLk;gj;ijr; Nrue; ;j gps;isahthu;. (4) gpugh tpupFLk;gj;ijr; Nrue; ;j gps;isahthu;. fkyh fUf; FLk;gj;ijr; Nrue; ;j gps;isahthu;. (……..) 19. cau; r%f epiyapYs;s FLk;gq;fspd; gpsi; sfSf;Ff; fl;lzk; mwtpLfpd;w> trjp gilj;j fy;tp epWtdq;fs; jdpahf cz;L. jho; r%f epiyapYs;s gpsi; sfSf;F ,ytrkhf fy;tp toq;Fk; Fiwe;j trjpnfhz;l fy;tp epWtdq;fs; css; d. (1) r%f Vw;wj;jho;Tfs; (2) r%f mirT (3) r%fg; gilg;ghf;fk; (4) r%f mePjp (……..) 20. ghlrhiyA+lhfr; r%fj;Njitfs; epiwNtwhik> r%fj;Jf;Fj; J}ukhftpUj;jy;, jpwe;j jd;ikaw;wpUj;jy; Mfpa tplaq;fs; %yk; njspthtJ. (1) ghlrhiyapdJk; r%fj;jpdJk; njhlu;GfSf;fpilapyhd Kuz;ghL gw;wpajhFk;. (2) ngw;Nwhu; gps;isfs; njhlu;ghf Fiwthf mf;fiw fhl;Lfpdw; du; vd;gjhFk;. (3) ghlrhiyapd; ngsjpf tsq;fspd; FiwghlhFk;. (4) ghlrhiyapy; Mrpupa ntw;wplq;fs; cs;sd vd;gjhFk; (……..) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) (01 × 10 = 10Gs;spfs;) 50 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

 21 njhlf;fk; 30 tiuahd tpdhf;fSf;Fr; RUf;fkhd tpil vOJf. 21. jw;fhy ,yq;ifapd; Gjpa Nghfn; fhdw; hf fUf;FLk;gq;fs; cUthtijf; $wyhk;. fUfF; Lkg; r; #oypy; tsUk; gpsi; sf;F mjdhy; Vw;gLfpdw; vjpu;kiwahd ,uz;L tpisTfis vOJf. (i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 22. gps;isia r%fkakhd gpui[ahf khw;Wk; ghupa nghWg;G ghlrhiyf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. gpsi; sia r%fkakhd gpui[ahf;f ghlrhiy gad;gLj;Jk; Elg; Kiwfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. (i) …………………………………………………………………………………………….. (ii) …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 23. njhlu;ghly; Clfq;fs; tanjy;iyapd;wp tho;ehs; KOtJk; eag;igAk; Ez;kjp tsu;r;rpiaAk; Vw;gLj;jpathW egiu r%fr; #oYf;F Vw;wtuhf khw;Wfpdw; J. xUtupd; Ezk; jp tsu;r;rpf;F njhlu;ghly; Clfq;fs; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak; tpjq;fs; ehd;fpidj; jUf. (i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………. (ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 24. jw;fhyj;jpy; ghlrhiyg; gps;isfs; mjpfkhf Nghijg;nghUs; ghtidf;F MshFk; Nghf;F css; njd Nghijg;nghUs; jLg;G myfpd; mwpf;iffspy; Rl;bf;fhl;lg ;gl;Ls;sd. ghlrhiyg; gps;isfisg; Nghijg;nghUs; ghtidapypUe;J kPl;f Mrpupau; vd;w tifapy; ePu; vLf;ff;$ba ,uz;L eltbfi; ffisf; Fwpg;gpLf. (i) …………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) …………………………………………………………………………………………… 25. “vOj;jwpT vd;w mbg;gilapy; vkJ ehL Vida Mrpa ehLfspYk; ghu;f;f Kd;dpiyapy; ,Ue;j NghjpYk; vkJ r%fk; mjpfkhd r%fg; gpur;rpidfspy; epiwe;Jss; J” murpay;thjp xUtupd; ,f;$w;wpd;gb r%fg;gpur;rpidfs; vdf; fUjg;gLfpdw; ehd;F gpur;rpidfs; Fwpg;gpLf. (i) …………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) …………………………………………………………………………………………… 26. gps;isNea ghlrhiynahd;wpd; (Child friendly school) khztu;fs; ngw;NwhiuAk; Mrpupauf; isAk; Nerpg;ghuf; s;. Mrpupau;fspd; mu;g;gzpg;ig kjpg;ghu;fs;. ngw;Nwhu;> Mrpupauf; s; MfpNahiug; gw;wp ey;ypzf;fj;Jld; ciuahLthu;fs;. gps;isNeaj; jd;ikiaj; njhlu;r;rpahf mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s gupkhzq;fspy; r%ftpay; Nehff; py; kpf Kf;fpakhdjhff; fUjg;gLk; gupkhzq;fs; ,uzi; l vOJf. (i) ……………………………………………………………………………………........... (ii) …………………………………………………………………………………………… N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 51 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

27. vupf; n`hapypd(; Eric hoyle) ghFghlb; d; Mrpupa tfpghfj;jpd; gpujhd ,uz;L JiwfisAk; ngaupLf. (i) …………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) …………………………………………………………………………………………… 28. xU ehl;by; Njrpa fy;tpf; nfhs;if eilKiwg;gLj;jg;glhjpUg;gpd; Vw;gLk; ,uz;L gpujp$yq;fis vOJf. (i) …………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 29. r%f khw;wq;fSf;Nfw;g fiyj;jpl;lj;ij khw;wpaikf;Fk; NghJ vOk; ,uzL; gpur;rpidfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. (i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………. (ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 30. .ghlrhiyapy; fhzg;gLfpdw; rktaJf; FOnthd;wpy; gy;tifikiaf; fhl;Lk; ehd;F Jiwfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. (i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………. (ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………. (02 × 10 = 20Gs;spfs;) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 52 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

(02) fy;tpr; r%ftpay; - tpdhj;jhs; Ⅱ  xt;nthU gFjpapypUe;Jk; Fiwe;jgl;rk; ,U tpdhf;fNsapDk; njupe;njLj;J Ie;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vOJf.  xt;nthU tpdhtpdJk; (i),(ii),(iii) Mfpa gFjpfspd; rupahd tpilfSf;F KiwNa 02,04,06 vd;wthW Gs;spfs; toq;fg;gLk;. gFjp Ⅰ 1. r%f kw;Wk; fyhrhu mq;fpahfpd;w kdpjdpd; MSik tpUj;jp jhdhf eilngWk; xd;wy;y. capupay;rhu; kdpjd; (Biological man) rKjha mq;fpahf khw r%fkakhjy; (Socialization) nrad;Kiw fhuzkhFk;. (i) “r%fkakhjy;” vd;gij tpsq;fg; nghUjj; khd tiutpyf;fznkhd;iw vOJf. (ii) gps;is rpWguhaj;jpy; ,UfF; k; NghJ kpfr; rpwpajhf Mukg; khFk; r%fkakhjy; nrad;Kiw kpfg; gue;jjhf gutpr; nry;Yk; tpjk; fPNo cUtpy; fhll; g;gLfpdw; J. mjpy; ntw;wplq;fSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd r%fkakhfF; k; fhuzpfs; ,uz;L tPjk; vOJf 1. ………………………………. %d;whk; epiyr; r%fkakhfF; k; 2. ………………………………. fhuzpfs; 1……………………. ,il epiyr; r%fkakhfF; k; fhuzpfs; 2. ………………… 1. ………….. Kjy; epiyr; r%fkakhfF; k; fhuzpfs; 2. ………… (iii) xU gps;isia r%fkakhd %j;Njhdhf khw;Wtjw;F Mrpupau; xUtu; gpdg; w;wf;$ba r%fkakhjy; Elg; Kiwfs; %d;wpid cjhuzq;fspd; JizAld; tpsfF; f. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 53 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

2. vy;iyaw;w MirfSld; $ba kdpjd; jd; tho;ehs; KOtJk; mjpUg;jpAld; ,Uff; pdw; hd;. mjpUg;jpia ntw;wp nfhz;ljd; gadhf kdpjd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpd; mjp cau;epiyia mile;Jss; hd;. mz;ikfhy rpf;fyhd r%fj;jpDs; ,J xU r%fg; gpur;rpidahf khwpAs;sJ. (i) ,isQu; tpuf;jp (Youth unrest) vd;gijr; RUf;fkhf mwpKfg;gLj;Jf. (ii) ,yq;if ,isQu;fs; kj;jpapy; tpuf;jp epyTfpdw; J vdf; fhll; f$; ba ehd;F fhuzpfis vOJf. (iii) ,yq;ifapy; ,isQu; tpuf;jp Vw;gLtjw;fhd fhuzq;fs; ehd;iff; Fwpg;gpl;L, mtw;wpy; xd;iw cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. 3. ghlrhiyahdJ r%fj;jpd; NjitfspD}lhf cUthd epWtdkhifahy; r%fj;jpd; epyTif> Kd;Ndw;wk; Mfpatw;iw Nehff; khff; nfhz;L nraw;gly; ghlrhiyfspd; jiyaha flikahFk;. (i) ghlrhiyapy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; G+uz fiyj;jpl;lj;ijr; Nrue; ;j ,uzL; mk;rq;fis vOJf. (ii) cq;fs; tFg;giwapy; khztu;fSf;fpilNa ,ilj;njhlu;Gfs; ruP hd kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;glhj NghJ mtu;fSf;fpilapyhd ,ilj;njhlu;Gfis Nkk;gLj;j gpdg; w;w Ntz;ba fw;gpj;jy; Kiwikfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpl;L mjpy; xd;W nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; tpjj;ijr; RUf;fkhf tptupf;Ff. (iii) ”fyhrhuj;ijf; ifaspj;jy;” vDk; Nju;r;rpf;Fg; gpsi; sfis topg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf tfpghfNkw;W ebj;jiy my;yJ ehlf Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jp ghlj;jpl;lnkhd;Wf;F nghUj;jkhd mZFKiwnahd;iwj; jpl;lkpLf. 4. goq;fhy vspa r%fj;jpypUe;J jw;fhy rpff; yhd r%fk; tiu kdpjd; gazpf;Fk; NghJ jdJ Md;kPf Njitfis epiwNtw;wpf;nfhs;Sk; tifapy; mwpe;Njh mwpahkNyh ahjhapDk; rkankhd;iw jj;Jtnkhd;iw my;yJ ek;gpfi; fnahdi; wf; nfhz;bUg;ghu;. (i) “rka ujP pahd xOq;fikg;G” vd;why; vd;d vdgijr; RUff; khf tiuaiw nra;f. (ii) rka ujP pahd xOq;fikg;gpd; %yk; Mw;wg;gLk; ehd;F gzpfis vOJf. (iii) ntt;NtW rka jj;Jtq;fisr; Nrh;e;j gps;isfs; cs;s tFg;giwnahd;wpy; fw;gpfF; k; Xu; Mrpupaupdhy; rka NtWghLfSf;F mika fw;wy; tha;g;Gfs; toq;fg;gLk; tpjj;ij cjhuzq;fs; %yk; njspTgLj;Jf. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 54 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

gFjp Ⅱ 5. xt;nthU kf;fs; r%fj;ijAk; fUJk;NghJ njspthfj; Njhw;wf;$ba r%f tFg;Gfs; fhzg;glhj NghjpYk; vy;yhr; r%fq;fspYk; $bf; Fiwe;j mstpy; epyTk; tFg;GKiwnahd;iwf; fhzKbfpwJ (i) “r%f tFgG; ” vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ ahJ? (ii) xU ehl;by; fhzg;gLk; r%f tFg;Gfis ,dq;fhz;gjw;F cjTk; ehd;F fhuzpfis vOJf. (iii) ve;j xU r%fKk; Kaw;rpg;gJ r%fj;jpd; tFg;G tpj;jpahrq;fis Fiwe;jsthf;fp r%f mirit Vw;gLj;JtijahFk;. r%f mirit Vw;gLj;Jk; %d;W gpujhd fhuzpfisf; Fwpg;gplL; > mtw;Ws; xd;wpd; %yk; r%f mirT Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; tpjj;ij cjhuzq;fs; %yk; tpsf;Ff. 6. ghlrhiyahdJ gue;j r%fj;jpy; nraw;gLfpdw; mr; r%fj;jpd; cg njhFjpnahd;whFk;. mq;F eilngWk; fUkq;fs; r%fj;ij Neubahfg; ghjpf;Fk;. mjdhy; ghlrhiyf;Fk; gue;j r%fj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; kpf neUf;fkhd njhlu;G epyTjy; mtrpakhFk;. ,jidf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L> (i) “ghlrhiyr; r%fk;” vd;gjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd tiutpyf;fznkhd;iw cUthfF; f. (ii) r%fj;jpw;fhf ghlrhiyapypUe;J Muk;gpff; f;$ba ehd;F epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis vOJf. (iii) ngw;Nwhupd; xj;Jiog;G kpff; Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpy; cs;s ghlrhiynahd;wpy; “ghlrhiyAk; r%fKk;” nraw;wpl;lj;ij nraw;gLj;Jtjhapd; ghlrhiyf;Fg; ngw;Nwhupd; xj;Jiog;igg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd nraw;wpl;l mwpf;ifnahd;iwj; jahupf;Ff. 7. ve;j xU r%fj;jpYk; mq;F trpg;gtu;fspd; ,ilr;nraw;ghLfspdhy; thOk; Nfhyk; cUthfpd;wJ. mjd; NghJ r%fj;jpy; epyTk; gy;tifikiaf; ftdj;jpw;nfhss; hJ nraw;gly; kdpj tu;ff; j;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;F fhuzkhfpd;wJ. (i) “r%fg; gy;tifik” vd;gijr; RUf;fkhf tpsfF; f. (ii) fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwapd; NghJ Xu; Mrpupau; Nkw;gbg; gy;tifikf;F Vw;g jdJ gzpfis xOq;fikf;Fk; tpjj;ij ,uzL; tplaq;fspd; %yk; RUf;fkhf tpsfF; f. (iii) ,yq;ifapd; fy;tpj;JiwapDs; r%fg; gy;tifikiaj; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L> rkfy;tp tha;g;ig Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf vLf;fg;glL; s;s gbKiwfs; %d;iwf; Fwpg;gpl;L> mtw;Ws; xd;iw tpsf;Ff. 8. fy;tpf;fhf gytifahd tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; gaDWjpAs;sJk; tpidj;jpwd; kpf;fJkhd Nritnahd;iwg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. (i) “r%f tsk;” vd;gijr; RUff; khf tpsfF; f. (ii) r%f tsq;fis fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwf;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jtjd; ehd;F mD$yq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf. (iii) Mrpupau; xUtUf;F jdJ tFg;giwapDs; ,ilj;njhlu;Gfis Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F FOf; fw;wiyg; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; khztupilNa flb; naOg;gf;$ba r%fj;jpwd;fs; %d;iw cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 55 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

tpilfs; tpdhj;jhs; -Ⅰ 1) css; hh;e;j/ csS; zu;T 2) fyhrhuk;. 3) r%fkakhff; k;. 4) #oy;/ r%fk; 5) tpup 6) cgfyhrhuk;/Jizfyhrhuk;. 7) tfpgq;F/ ebgq;F 8) r%ftpay;. 9) cyfkakhff; y; /G+Nfhskakhff; y;. 10) r%f tFg;G. 11) 1 12) 2 13) 3 14) 4 15) 2 16) 1 17) 1 18) 3 19) 1>3 20) 1 21)  md;G mutizg;G Fiwthff; fhzg;gLk;.  czh;r;rp trg;gLk; jd;ik mjpfk; fhzg;gLk;.  Raeyj; jd;ik mjpfupf;Fk;.  ghuk;gupa fyhrhug; gzG; fs; tpOkpaq;fs; mwptJ mupjhff; fhzg;gLk;.  r%j;NjhL njhlu;ghLk; jd;ik Fiwthff; fhzg;gLk; 22)  gupRk; jzl; idAk;.  MNyhrid topfhl;ly.;  Kd;khjpup,Nghyr; nra;jy;  xOf;ff; fy;tp,tpOkpaf;fy;tp  fiyj;jpl;lk;. (r%fj;jpw;F nghUj;jg;ghL miltjw;fhd gy;NtW gz;Gfs;>elj;ijfs;> mwpTrhu; tplaq;fs;> kdg;ghq;F> jpwd;fs; fw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gLfpd;wd)  ghlrhiyr; #oy;. (ghlrhiyfPjq;fs;> ghlrhiyf; nfhb>rpd;dq;fs;> tpohff; s;)  ghlrhiyapd; cs;shh;e;j nraw;ghLfs;.  fw;wy;/ fw;gpj;jy; rhjdq;fs;  kd;wq;fSk; mikg;Gf;fSk;  jiyikj;Jtg; gz;Gfs;  r%f nraw;wpll; k; (r%fj;jpd; Kf;fpa epfo;Tfspy; ghlrhiyapd; gq;fspg;ig toq;Fjy;) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 56 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

23)  gpur;rpid jPh;j;jy;.  Gjpa jfty;fis clDf;Fld; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy;.  jfty;fis Nrfupj;Jf; nfhs;sYk; gupkhwYk;.  Kfhikj;Jt gbKiwfis NgZjy;/,yFgLj;jy.  jpl;lkply; nraw;ghLfis Jupjg;gLj;jy;  Gjpa Gjpa El;gKiwfis ngw;Wf;nfhss; y; kw;Wk; mtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jy;  xUtiu jw;fhyr; R+oYf;F ,w;iwg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sy;.  Gjpa Gjpa fUtpfis vt;thW ,af;fpfn; fhs;tJ vd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;sy;. 24)  Nghijg; nghUs; ghtidapd; jPq;F gw;wp Mrpupah; khzth;fSf;F MNyhrid toq;Fjy;.  Mrpupaupd; Kd;khjpup elj;ijfs;.  Nghijg; nghUs; toq;Fk; eghf; s; gw;wpa tpopg;Gzh;it Vw;gj;Jjy;.  r%fk; rhh;e;j tpopg;Gzh;it Vw;gLj;Jjy;.  r%f Nrit mikg;Gf;fs;/ nghyp]hupd; cjtpAld; Nghijg;nghUs; ghtidia jLj;J epWj;jy;.  tpopg;Gzu;Tf; $l;lq;fs;/ tPjp ehlfq;fs;/ fUj;juq;Ffs; vd;gtw;iw elhj;Jjy;. 25)  ,isQh; tpuf;jp  jw;nfhiy Kaw;rp. (kd mOj;jk;> MSikr; rpijT> Fbg;gof;fk;> nghUshjhu rpf;fy;fs;)  Ntiy tha;g;gpd;ik.  r%f neUf;Fjy;fs;.  %isrhypfs; ntspNaw;wk;  epk;kjpapd;ik.  Nghij kw;Wk; kJ ghtidf;F mbikajhy;.  r%f td;Kiwfs;(ngz;fSfn; fjpuhd, rpWtu;fSf;nfjpuhd) 26)  ghy;epiy NtWghLfSf;F Vw;g nraw;ghLfisr; nra;jy;.  ngw;NwhuJk; r%fj;jpdJk; gq;fspg;gpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;.  rpWth; cupikfis kjpj;Jr; nraw;gLjy;.  gps;isapd; Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G rhh;ghd tplaq;fspy; ftdk; nrYj;Jjy;.  gps;isapd; fw;wy;NgWfis mjpfupj;jy;  gps;is Neag; ghlrhiyfs; rhu;ghf ntspte;j Rw;WepUgq;fs; kw;Wk; xOq;F tpjpfs; rhu;ghd mwptpid ngw;Wf;nfhss; y;  Vida nghUj;jkhd tplaq;fs; N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 57 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

27)  r%f tfpghfk;. – r%fj;jpy; gy;NtW gjtpfis tfpj;jy;, njhlu;Gfis Ngzy; %yk; cUthFk; tfpghfk;.  njhopy; rhh; tfpghfk;. – fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghL kw;Wk; ,izg;ghltpjhd nraw;ghLfs; ,ize;J Kiwrhu; Kiwapy; kiw fiyj;jpl;lq;fSlhf Mw;wf; $ba tfpghfk; 28)  fy;tpiaj; njhlh;r;rpahf Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;y KbahJ ,Uj;jy;.  milTkl;lj;jpy; rkj;Jtj; jd;ik fhzg;glhik.  fy;tprhh; tsq;fspd; gad;fs; Fwpj;j xU gFjpapdUf;F khj;jpuk; xJf;fg;gly;.  fy;tpapd; rk re;jh;g;gq;fs; nghUj;jkw;witahf mikjy;.  KO ehl;Lf;Fk; cUthd xU fy;tp xOq;fikg;ig cUthff; Kbahky; ,UfF; k;. 29)  jpl;lkply; rhh;ghd gpur;rpidfs;.  ts xJf;fLP njhlu;ghd gpur;ridfs;  eilKiwg;gLj;jy; rhh;ghd gpur;rpidfs;.  Nkw;ghh;it kw;Wk; kjpg;gPL rhh;ghd gpur;rpidfs;. mjhtJ nghUj;jkhd tsthsu;fs;, tsq;fs; , gapw;rp tFg;Gf;fs; , nrayku;Tfs; , khztu; ghlg;Gj;jfq;fs; , Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bfs; Nghd;wtw;iw xJf;fLP nra;jYk; jahupj;jYk; njhlu;ghd gpur;ridfs; kw;Wk; mtw;iw eilKiwg;gLj;jypd; NghJ mij rk;ke;jg;gl;Nlhu; cs;thq;fy; njhlu;ghd gpur;ridfs; kw;Wk; Nkw;ghu;itahsUf;Fupa Nju;r;rpapdi; kfs; kw;Wk; kjpg;gPL njhlu;ghd gulP ;irakpdi; k 30)  ghy; ghFghL.  r%f tFg;G  fy;tprhh; milTfs;.  tpNrl nraw;ghLfs;.  tpUg;G ntWg;Gf;fs.;  fyhrhuf; fl;likg;Gf;fs;.  eil cil ghtid  gq;Fjhuu;fs;  kdg;ghq;Ffs;  tpOkpaq;fSk;/ r%fg; gupkhzq;fSk; N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 58 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

tpdhj;jhs;- Ⅱ gFjp - Ⅰ 01. (i) Fwpj;j jdpegiu r%fj;jpw;F Vw;Gilatdhf khw;Wfpdw; midj;Jr; nranyhOq;FfSk; r%fkakhjy; vdg;gLk;. r%fj;jpw;F ,irthff; kiljy; my;yJ nghUj;jg;ghliljy; vd;w tifapy; vOjpapUg;gpd; my;yJ r%fj;jpy; Vw;fg;gll; cWg;gpdu; Mtjw;Fr; nra;a Ntzb; ait, nra;af; $lhjit, mwpa Ntz;bait vd;gd gw;wpf; fw;wNy r%fkakhjyhFk;. (epA+fhu;l;ld;) (ii) 1. Muk;g epiy  FLk;gk;  rktaJf; FO  ezg; h;fs;  %j;Njhh;.  MjuT toq;Fk; FOf;fs;. 2. ,ilepiy  ghlrhiy  rktaJf; FOf;fs;.  rka epWtdq;fs;.  tpisahl;Lf; fofq;fs;.  jd;dhh;tf; FOf;fs;.  Vida nghJ mikg;Gf;fs.; 3. %d;whk; epiy  mr;R Clfq;fs;(gj;jpupif/rQ;rpiffs;)  ,yj;jpudpay; Clfq;fs; (,izak;> njhiyNgrp) (iii) 1. MNyhridAk; topfhl;lYk;. (rupahd jfty;fis toq;fy;> ehspjo;fs; kw;Wk; njhiyf;fhl;rp %yk; fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gLk; r%f tpNuhjr; nraw;ghLfspypUe;J tpLgl topfhl;ly;> r%f Nritfspy; <Lgl topfhl;ly;) 2. Kd;khjpupahf elj;jy;. (Neu Kfhikj;Jtk;, Neu;j;jpahd cil, jiyikj;Jtk;) 3. gupRk; jzl; idAk;. (rpwe;j Jyq;fiy ntspff; hl;Lk; NghJ gupRfisAk; vjpu;kiwahd Jyq;fiyf; fhl;Lk; NghJ jzl; idfisAk; toq;fy;) 4. ghuhl;Ljy;> Cf;Ftpj;jy; 5. xOf;f fy;tpAk; tpOkpaf;fy;tpAk; 6. Nghyr; nra;jy; N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 59 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

02. ,isQu;fsJ vjph;ghh;g;Gf;fs; Njitfs; nghUj;jkhd Kiwapy; fpilff; g; (i) ngwhikapdhy; ,isQh;fs; tpuf;jpf;F cs;shfpdw; dh;. ,jd; fhuzkhf cly; cs kdntOr;rp uPjpahf ghjpf;fg;gLjy; ,isQh; tpuf;jp vdg;gLk;. mjhtJ ,isQu;fs; jkJ cly; cs taJf;Nfw;g nghUj;jkhd tho;f;if Kiwia ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Kbahikapdhy; r%f nghUshjhu uPjpapyhd ghjpg;Gf;fis vjpu;Nehf;Ffpd;wdu;.,jdhy; mtu;fSf;F csuPjpahd ghjpg;Gf;fs; Vw;gLfpd;wd. ehsiltpy; mtu;fspilj;Nj ,isQu; tpuf;jp Vw;gl fhuzkhfpd;wJ. (ii) 1. jw;nfhiy (tpUg;gj;Jld; xUtu; jd;idj;jhNd nfhiy nra;J nfhs;Sk; nrayhFk;) 2. kdtOj;jq;fSf;F cl;gl;L ,Uj;jy;. 3. Nghijg; nghUl;fSf;F mbikahjy;. 4. khzth; Nghuhl;lq;fs; 5. FOf;fSf;fpilapyhd Kuz;ghLfs;. 6. vjph;fhy ,yf;fpd;wp ,Uj;jy;. 7. %j;Njhuhy; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gLjy;. 8. r%fj;jpy; ghpjhgj;JfF; upath;fshf my;yJ ntWf;fg;gLgth;fshff; fhzg;gLjy;. 9. xOf;ff;Nflhd nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLjy;. 10. vjpupfs; mjpfk; fhzg;gLjy;. (iii) 1. Ntiytha;g;gpd;ik. 2. gbg;GfN; fw;w Ntiy fpilff; hik. 3. Nghlb; g; guPl;irfSk; jug;gLj;jy;fSk;. 4. nghUshjhug; gpurr; pidfs;. 5. tWikf; Nfhl;bw;F cl;gl;l FLkg; epiy. 6. guPl;iria ikakhff; nfhz;l fy;tp Kiw 7. FWfpa tUkhdj;ijg; ngw;Wj; jUk; fy;tp Kiw. 8. gpsTgl;l FLk;gq;fs;. 9. jhkjpj;j jpUkzq;fs;. 10. flL; g;ghLfs;. tpsff; k; Ntiytha;g;gpd;ik :- mtu;fs; jkJ fy;tpia Kbj;jgpd; tho;f;ifr; nryTf;fhf tUkhdk; fpilahJ jkJ tho;f;if tl;lj;jpy; jpUkzk; clg; l Vida tpilaq;fis G+u;j;jp nra;a fhyjhkjkhfpd;wJ.,jdhy; mtu;fs; tpuf;j;ailfpd;wdu;. 03. (i) 1. Kiwrhuf; fiyj;jpl;lk; - ghlff; iyj;jpl;lk; 2. Kiwapy; fiyj;jpl;lk;. – ghlrhiy,MrpupauJ Kd;khjpupahd nraw;ghLfs; 3. kiwf;fiyj;jpl;lk; (,izghltpjhd nraw;ghLfs; kw;Wk; Nkyjpf fiyj;jpl;lr; nraw;ghLfs; rka tpohff; s;> tpNrl jpdq;fs; nfhz;lhLjy;> kd;wr; nraw;ghLfs;> tpisahl;L> fsrR; w;Wyh) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 60 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

(ii) 1. FOf;fw;wy; Kiw (FOf;fw;wy; Kiw %yk; tFg;giwapy; khztu;fspilNa ,ilj;njhlu;Gfis rpwg;ghf Vw;gLj;j KbAk;> ,jd; %yk; xj;Jiog;G> cjtpaspj;jy;> Vw;Wf; nfhs;sy;> Nehff; j;ij ,yFthf miljy; Nghd;w r%fj;jpwd;fis khztu;fspilNa tsu;f;f KbAk;) 2. rfghbf; fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; Kiw (xj;j tajpdu; ,jpy; <LgLtjhy; jaf;fk; ,d;wp fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; eilngWk;. Rje;jpukhd fw;wyhfTk;> gapw;Wdu; gapYdu; ,ilapyhd ,iltpidj; jhff; k; capu;g;ghdjhfTk; rkepiy NgZtjhfTk; mikAk;.) 3. gq;nfLj;Jf; fw;wy; Kiw 4. ntspff; sf; fw;gpj;jy; Kiw (iii) “fyhrhuj;ijf; ifaspj;jy;” vDk; Njh;r;rpia Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F Vw;w tifahd ehlfKiw my;yJ ghj;jpuq;fis Vw;W ebj;jy; vd;gjw;F ,zq;f nghUj;jkhd xOq;F Kiwapy; ghlf;Fwpg;G vOjg;gl;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzkhf ijg;nghq;fy; gz;bifapy; tlP ;bYs;s midtUk; Ntiyfis gfpuj; y;, jha; je;ijaplk; kw;Wk; %j;j ngupahu;fsplk; Mrpu;thjk; thq;fy;, mayhu;fSld; czTfis gfpuj; y; Nghd;w tplaq;fis nghq;fy; gz;bif ehnshd;wpy; tPl;bYs;s cWg;gpduf; s; nraw;gLk; tpj;jpid ehlfk; %yk; gpujpgypg;gjd; %yk; fyrhuj;ijf; ifaspj;jy;. 04. rka ujP pahd xOq;fikg;Gf;fs; jdpj;Jtkhd rka KiwfisAk; xOfyhWfisAk; (i) mJ rhh;e;j gz;ghl;L mk;rq;fisAk; kdpj tpOkpaq;fisAk; jukhd Kiwapy; Fwpj;j r%fj;jpw;F toq;Ffpdw; mikg;ghFk;. xt;nthU kjKk; jkJ kjj;ij mjd; gz;Gfis rpijtilahky; ghJfhff; flb; ff; hj;J tUfpdw; ek;gpfi; f ,e;Jff; s; - ,e;Jkh rig fpwp];jtu;fs; - jpUr;rig ,];yhkpau; - cykh rig (ii) 1) r%fj;jpw;F Ntzb; a xOf;fq;fisf; fw;gpj;jy;. 2) r%f cWg;gpdh;fspilNa rpwe;j ey;Ywitg; Ngzpf; nfhs;Sjy;. 3) Rafl;Lg;ghL> RaxOf;fk; vd;gtw;iw tpUj;jpahf;f toptFj;jy;. 4) kdntOr;rpfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;. 5) r%f Kd;khjpuiag; NgZjy;. 6) rpwe;j kdg;ghq;Ffis fw;gpj;jy;. 7) Neuhd nraw;ghLfis Mw;w topg;gLj;Jjy;. 8) rpwe;j tpOkpa mk;rq;fis gpd;gw;WjYk; mjpy; Njh;r;rp ngwTk; toptFj;jy;. 9) Fwpj;j jdp egiu rka kakhff; r; nra;jy; 10) cly;, cs mikjpiag; Ngzy; 11) MNuhff; pakhd cly; rkepiyiag; Ngzy; N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 61 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

(iii) 1) midj;J rkaj;jth;fSf;Fk; kjpg;gspj;jy;. 2) me;jej; rka tpohff; s; gz;biffisf; nfhz;lhl toptFj;jy;. 3) tho;f;if;F cfe;j rkag; ngupNahh;fspd; fUj;Jff; Sf;Fk; NghjidfSf;Fk; kjpg;gspj;jy;. 4) rkak; fl;Lf; Nfhg;ghd tho;f;ifkiwf;f toptFf;ff; $baJ vd;w jj;Jtj;ij czh;jy;. 5) xU rkaj;jpid kl;Lk; Kjd;ikg;gLj;Jk; gzg; pidj; jtph;j;jy;. 6) Vida rkaq;fis tpkh;rpj;jiy jtph;j;jy;. 7) Vida rka kuGfis jil nra;jYk; fl;Lg;gLj;jYk; Mfpatw;iwj; jtph;j;jy;. 8) Fwpj;j rkaj;jpid rhh;e;j gps;isfs; Vida rka itgtq;fspy; fyeJ; nfhs;s toptFj;jy;. tpsff; k; :- midj;J rkaj;jtu;fSf;Fk; kjpg;gspj;jy; :- ghlrhiyapYs;s khztu;fs; ,e;J, fpwp];jtk;, ,];yhk; vd ve;j kjj;ij gpdg; w;wpdhYk; mtu;fis rkkhf kjpj;J mtu;fspd; tpohff; is elhj;j mDkjpaspj;J xOq;fikg;G nra;J nfhLj;jy;. gFjp - Ⅱ 05. (i) nghUshjhuk; nrhj;Jilik njhopy; fyhrhuk; Nghd;w mk;rq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; r%fj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; NtWgl;l fll; ikg;G r%f tFg;G vdg;gLk;. r%f tFg;G Nky; tFg;G kj;jpa tFg;G fPo; tFg;G Nky; tFg;G fPo; tFg;G Nky; tFg;G fPo; tFg;G Nky; tFg;G fPo; tFg;G kj;jpa tFg;G kj;jpa tFg;G kj;jpa tFg;G (ii) 1) nghUshjhuf; fhuzp 2) nkhop 3) njhopy; me;j];J 4) fy;tp 5) thOk; gpuNjrj;jpd; jd;ik 6) r%f cwTfs; -r%ftfpghfk; 7) jdpgg; l;l Mw;wy;. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 62 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

(iii) 1) nghUshjhuk; 2) murpay; 3) fy;tp 4) ,aw;if mdh;j;jk; 5) Aj;jk; 6) gy;fyhrhuj;jd;ik 7) efukakhff; k; 8) ,lg;ngah;T 9) Nkiyj;Nja nry;thfF; nghUshjhuk; :- xUtuplj;jpy; my;yJ xU r%fj;jpy; Vw;glf;$ba nghUshjhu Kd;Ndw;wk; mtu;fsJ tho;f;if Nfhyk;, tPl;L trjpfs;, fy;tp, njhopy; tha;g;G vd;gtw;wpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jp mtu;fis xU r%f tFg;gpypUe;J ,d;ndhU r%f tFg;gpw;F efu;j;Jk; 06. (i) ghlrhiyAld; njhlh;Gs;s ghlrhiyf;Fs;Sk; ntspAk; mjDld; njhlh;Gila midtUk; ghlrhiyr; r%fk; vdg;gLk;. ghlrhiyapd; Kd;Ndw;wk; Fwpj;J nraw;gLgth;fSk; mNj jUzj;jpy; ghlrhiy %yk; jk;ik tsh;j;Jf; nfhs;gth;fSk; ,t;tFjpapdh; Mthh;.mjhtJ khzth;fs; Mrpupah;fs; mjpgh>; fy;tprhh; cj;jpNahfj;jh;fSk; kw;Wk; ngw;Nwhh; gioa khzth;fs; rkaj; jiyth;fs>; th;j;jfh;fs> murpay;thjpfs;> eyd;tpUk;gpfs; >muR mur rhh;gw;w epWtdq;fs; Mfpatw;iw cs;slf;fpa r%fk;. ,jid 2 tpjkhf gpupff; yhk;. (1) ghlrhiy cl; r%fk; - mjpgu,; Mrpupau,; khztu;fs;…… (2) ghlrhiy ntspr; r%fk; - ngw;Nwhu;, gioa khztu;fs…; … (ii) 1) r%fj;jpw;F Ntzb; a MNyhrid topfhl;ly; toq;Fjy;. 2) gFjp Neuj; njhopy; gapw;rpfis toq;Fjy;. 3) Rfhjhuk; >rpukjhdg; gzpfis Nkw;nfhss; y;. 4) tpopg;Gzh;T fUj;juq;Ffs;> $l;lq;fs; elhj;Jjy;. 5) r%f epfo;r;rpfs; jpl;lq;fis Nkw;nfhst; jw;fhf ghlrhiy tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;. (ghlrhiy kzl; gk;, ikjhdk; Nghd;wtw;iw toq;Fjy;) 6) njhopy; topfhl;lYf;fhd nraw;wpl;lq;fis Nkw;nfhss; y;. (iii) nraw;wpl;lk; Kd;nkhopT fPo;tUk; mk;rq;fis cilajhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 1) jiyg;G – ghlrhiyAk; r%fKk; 2) Nehff; k; - ngw;Nwhupd; xj;Jiog;ig ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy; 3) fhy msT. - ,uzL; khjq;fs; 4) tsthsh;fs; - Mrpupauf; s,; khztu;fs;, ngw;Nwhu;fs;, gioa khztu; rq;fk; 5) mjd; gad;ghL – r%fj;jpd; tsq;fis ghlrhiyr; nraw;ghLfSf;F ngwy; tpsff; k; :- ,r; nraw;wpll; j;ij mKy;gLj;j xU rpukjhdj;ij xOq;F nra;J mJgw;wpa mwpTWj;jy;fis ngw;Nwhu;fSf;F toq;fp ngw;Nwhupd; xj;Jiog;Gld; Nkw;gb jpl;lj;Jld; rpukjhdj;ij Nkw;nfhss; y; N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 63 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

07. (i) xU r%fj;jpy; gy;NtWgl;l nkhopfs>; kjq;fs;> rhjp ,dq;fs;> fyhrhuq;fs; gz;ghLfs; fhzg;gLkhapd; mj;jifa r%fk; gy;tifikr; r%fk; vdg;gLk;. (ii) 1. nkhopg; gad;ghL 2. MNyhrid topfhl;ly.; 3. ju cs;sLP fisg; gad;gLj;jy;. 4. midj;J khzth;fisAk; rkdhf NehfF; jy;. 5. midtUf;Fk; cjtp toq;Fjy; 6. midtUf;Fk; rktha;g;Gf;fis toq;Fjy;. 7. r%fg; gy;tifikia Vw;Wf; nfhz;L mjw;Nfw;g fw;gpj;jiy Nkw;nfhss; y;. tpsff; k; :- nkhopg; gad;ghL - gy;NtW nkhop NgRk; $l;lq;fspy; nghJthd nkhopiag; gad;gLj;jy;. ju css; PLfisg; gad;gLj;jy; - glq;fs,; fhl;r;rpg;gLj;jy;fs; (iii) 1. ,ytrf; fy;tp (,ytrg; Gj;jfk;, ,ytrr; rPUil, kjpaNghrdk;) 2. fll; haf; fy;tp Kiw 3. Njrpa ghlrhiyfs; Muk;gpff; g;gl;lik. 4. kj;jpa fy;Y}upfs; Muk;gpff; g;gl;lik. 5. jha;nkhopf; fy;tpf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;fg;gll; ik. 6. njhopy;El;g Ma;T $lq;fs;. 7. ,ytr toq;fw; Nritfs;. tpsff; k; :- ,ytrf; fy;tpapy; trjp tha;g;Gs;s khztu;fisg; NghdN; w twpa khztu;fSk; rpwe;j fy;tpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. mjhtJ ,ytrg; Gj;jfk; ,ytrr; rPUil kjpa Nghrdk; Nghd;w rk tha;g;G fpilff; g; ngWk; 08. (i) r%fj;jpYs;s ngsjPf tsq;fisAk; kdpj tsq;fisAk; Fwpf;Fk;. mj;Jld; njhopy; Kaw;rpf;Fupa njhopy; epWtdq;fSk; epGzj;Jtk; tha;e;jth;fSk; r%f tsq;fshf fUjg;gLfpdw; d. ,q;F Nkyjpfkhf epjp, Neuk;, jfty; cs;slq;fpa tsq;fis css; lf;fpaJ. (ii) 1. tpidjpwidAk; Kd; mDgtj;jpidAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;. 2. Mspilj; njhlh;Gfis tpUj;jp nra;ayhk;. 3. r%fj;jpw;Fk; my;yJ ghlrhiyf;Fkpilapy; rpwe;j ,iltpidj; njhlh;gpid Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;syhk; 4. mwptpidAk; jpwidAk; Nkkg; Lj;jyhk;. 5. cz;ikfisf; fw;Wf; nfhs;s re;jh;g;gk; fpilj;jy;. 6. Gjpa mwpthh;e;j tplaq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s toptFj;jy;. 7. ghlrhiyapy; mupjhfTs;s tsq;fis r%fj;jpypUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 64 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

(iii) 1. Vidath;fsplj;jpy; nghWg;Gzh;Tld; nraw;gLk; jd;ik. 2. Vidath;fspd; fUj;Jf;fSfF; kjpg;gspj;Jr; nraw;gLjy;. 3. Mspilj; njhlh;G tpUj;jpailAk;. 4. r%fj; jpwd; tpUj;jpailAk;. 5. Rje;jpukhd nraw;ghl;Lf;F toptFf;Fk;. 6. jiyikj;Jtg; gz;G tpUj;jpailAk;. 7. rpwe;j clYiog;ig ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. 8. ruP hd Kiwapy; jkJ nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhss; KbAk;. 9. gz;G rhh;e;jJk; msT rhh;e;jJkhd mk;rq;fisg; gpdg; w;wf; $bajhf mikjy;. ,q;F FOfw;wy; %yk; VidNahUld; Nrue; ;J fw;gjdhy; Gupe;Jzu;T, xj;Jiog;G, mwpit gupkhWjy; , khztu; ,ilj; njhlu;Gfis tpUj;jp nra;jy; Nghd;w gz;Gfs; tpUj;jpahFk;. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 65 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

fw;gpj;jypy; Njrpa bg;Nshkh ,Wjpg; guPl;ir - 2013 (2014) (02) fy;tp r%ftpay; - tpdhj;jhs;Ⅰ  1 njhlff; k; 10 tiuahd tpdhf;fspy; jug;gl;Ls;s xt;nthU $w;wpdJk; ,ilntspfF; kpfg; nghUj;jkhd nrhy;iy /nrhw;fis ,l;Lg; G+uzg;gLj;Jf. 1. r%fk; Vw;Wf; nfhzl; mq;fj;jth; xUtuhtjw;F nra;a Ntz;baJk; nra;a Ntzl; hjJkhd fw;wy; r%fkakhjyhf --------------------------- vd;gth; tiuaWj;Jss; hh;. 2. Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l rl;ltpjpj; njhFjpnahdW; k;> mjpfhuk; gw;wpa mLf;fikTk; fhzg;gLtJ -------------------------- xOq;fikg;Gf;fspyhFk;. 3. ,yq;ifapYs;s Kiwrhh; fy;tp epWtdq;fspy; Jizf; fyhrhug; gz;gfis kpfTk; ed;whf fhzKbtJ ------------------------------------ Clhf MFk;. 4. Kiwrhh; xOq;fikg;nghd;wpy; tpisjpwidAk; tpidj;jpwidAk; Vw;gLj;Jtjpy; kpfTk; mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWk; Nehff; k; ------------------------------------- MFk;. 5. khztid NtiyAyfpw;F gof;fg;gLj;Jk; Nehff; j;Jld; 1972k; Mz;bd; fy;tpr; ruP ;jpUj;jq;fspd; %yk; ----------------------- ghlk; ghlrhiyf;fiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. 6. ,yq;ifapy; elhj;jg;gl;l Ma;Tfspd; %yk; gps;isfspd; ftdj;ij kpff; Fiwthf <h;fF; k; mr;R Clfkhf --------------------------- ,dq;fhzg;gl;lJ 7. ghlrhiy vd;gJ jdJ ----------------------------- ifaspf;Fk; kj;jpa epiyakhf r%fj;jpdhy; cUthff; g;gll; gpujhd epWtdkhFk;. 8. G+uz fiyj;jpl;lj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;j jk;ik mu;g;gzpj;Js;s Mrpupauf; spl; k; fy;tp fw;w khzth;fisf; nfhz;l ghlrhiyr; r%fj;jpdhy; ghlrhiyf;F ---------------------------- nry;thfF; fs; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;. 9. r%f khw;wq;fspd; NghJ Vw;gLfpdw; rkepiyaw;wtw;iwj; jPh;g;gjd; Kf;fpa nghWg;G xg;gilff; g;gLtJ ehl;bd;----------------------------------- njhFjpf;fhFk;. 10. fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwapy; <LgLfpdw; Mrpupah;fspd; tfpghfj;jpd; kPJ nry;thfF; r; nrYj;Jk; mz;kpa r%fk;--------------------------------- MFk;. (01ù10=10 Gs;spfs;) N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 66 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

 11 njhlf;fk; 20 tiuahd xt;nthU tpdhTf;Fk; cupa rupahd tpiliaf; Fwpj;J epw;Fk; ,yf;fj;ij vjpNuAs;s milg;Gf;FwpapDs; vOJf. 11. r%fkakhjy;(Socialization) njhlh;ghf kpfTk; nghUj;jkhd $w;W 1) egupilj; njhlh;GfSf;F tha;g;Gf;fis Vw;gLj;jyhFk;. (-----------) 2) jdJ r%f #oYf;F Vw;g tbtikjyhFk;. 3) ngw;Nwhh;fspd; tFg;gpd; ngWkjpia mwpKfQ; nra;jyhFk;. 4) Ezz; wpT kw;Wk; nkhop tpUj;jpf;F tha;g;Gf;fs; Vw;gLj;JtjhFk.; 12. fUfF; Lk;g Rw;whlypy; fhzKbahj mbg;gil ,ay;nghd;W (----------) 1) mq;fj;jth;fSf;fpilapy; fhzg;gLk; gpizg;gpd; epiyahd jd;ik 2) FLk;gj;jpDs; RahjPdkhf nraw;gLtjw;F Kbjy;. 3) gy;NtW ebgq;FfspD}lhf mDgtq;fisg; ngw Kbjy;. 4) neUq;fpa cwTfSff; plapyhd ghrj;ij kpf ed;whf czUjy;. 13. r%f tpQ;Qhd fzN; zhl;lj;jpd; gb jw;fhyj;jpy; mjpfk; gpugy;ak; mile;Jss; jdpahh; cjtp tFg;Gf;fspy; fhzg;gLk; Fiwghnlhd;W 1) fw;gpg;gjw;F tpupTiu Kiwia khj;jpuk; cgNahfpj;jy;. 2) khzth;fsplk; mjpf fll; zk; mwtply;. 3) Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l rl;ljpl;lq;fs;> rk;gpujhaq;fs; Mfpad ,y;yhkypUj;jy;. 4) khztupd; MSik tshr; ;rpf;F Vw;w xU nrad;Kiwahf ,y;yhjpUj;jy;. (----------) 14. ghlrhiyahdJ r%fj;jpdhy; xg;gilff; g;gl;l gzpia epiwNtw;w Kbahj epWtdkhf khwpAs;snjd ngUk;ghyhNdhhpdhy; Fw;wQ;rhl;lg;gLtJ. 1) guPl;irfspy; Fiwe;j rjtPjkhNdhh; rpj;jpailtijf; fhzKbtjhyhFk;. 2) r%f tpNuhj elj;ijfisg; gapw;Wtpf;Fk; ,lnkhd;whifahyhFk;. 3) khzth;ika fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfis cgNahfpf;fikahyhFk;. r%f khw;wq;fSf;F rhh;ghf khw;wkilahjjhyhFk;. (----------) 15. ,yq;ifapd; r%f khw;wq;fSf;Nfw;g 1998> 2000 Mk; MzL; fspy; ghlrhiyf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fspd; gbKiwahtJ KiwNa> 1) Mq;fpy nkhop%yk; fw;gpj;jYk; ,lh; Kfhikj;Jt ghlj;ij mwpKQ; nra;jYk;. 2) njhopDl;g ghlj;ij mwpKfQ; nra;jYk; ,lh; Kfhikj;Jt ghlj;ij mwpKfQ; nra;jYk;. 3) ,lh; Kfhikj;Jtg; ghlj;ij mwpKfQ; nra;jYk; njhopDl;g ghlj;ij mwpKfQ; nra;jYk;. 4) Mq;fpy nkhop %yk; fy;tp toq;fYk; njhopDl;g ghlj;ij mwpKfQ; nra;jYk;. (----------) 16. cjtp Mrpupauhf epakdk; ngw;wth; jpU.gj;krpwp fy;tp epUthfg; guPl;irapy; rpj;jp mile;j gpdd; h; fy;tp mikr;rpy; gzpg;ghsh; gjtpf;F epakdk; ngw;whh;.,J> 1) epiyf;Fj;J mirthFk.; 2) fpil mirthFk; 3) Nky; mirthFk;. 4) guk;giufSf;fpilapyhd mirthFk;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 67 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

(----------) 17. tFg;giwapy; Mrpupa- khzt ,ilr; nraw;ghl;il rPuhd Kiwapy; Ngz vLf;ff; $ba kpfTk; nghUj;jkhd nraw;ghlhtJ? 1) vt;tpj flL; g;ghLkpdw; p khzthpd; tpUg;gj;jpw;Nfw;g nraw;gl ,lkspj;jyhFk;. 2) Xt;nthU khztidAk; jdpj;jdpahf ,ilj; njhlh;GfSf;F topg;gLj;jyhFk;. 3) jpwe;j rktaJf; FOf;fspd; fl;likg;nghd;W cUthFk; tpjkhf tFg;giwr; nraw;gLj;jyhFk;. 4) Mrpupah; jpdKk; khzth;fSld; RKfkhfg; NgRk; gof;fj;ijf; nfhz;bUj;jyhFk;. (-----------) 18. fyhrhuj;ij ,sk; guk;giuapdUf;f ifaspj;jy; njhlh;ghd rpwg;ghd gzp MrpupaUf;F toq;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J njhlh;ghf kpfTk; nghUj;jkhd $w;whtJ> 1) topfhl;LgtuhfTk; Kd;khjpupahdtuhfTk nraw;gLjy;. 2) MNyhrfuhfTk; xOq;fikg;ghsuhfTk; nraw;gLjy;. 3) epUkhzpg;gtuhfTk; trjp toq;FgtuhfTk; nraw;gLjy;. 4) xOf;fnewpfisg; ghJfhg;gtuhfTk; mwnewpfisg; NgZgtuhfTk; nraw;gly;. (-----------) 19. r%ftFg;Gf;fspd; nry;thff; pdhy; fy;tpapy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gf;fis Fiwe;jsthf;f vLj;Jss; eltbfi; ffshtd> 1) fll; haf; fy;tpAk; Njrpa ghlrhiyfis epWTjYk;. 2) ghlrhiyfis muR ifNaw;wYk; kj;jpa tpj;jpahyq;fis Muk;gpj;jYk;. 3) ,ytrf;fy;tpAk; tpUk;gpa nkhop%yk; fw;Fk; tha;g;ig toq;FjYk;. 4) Kiwrhuh ghlnewpfis Muk;gpj;jYk; k`pe;Njhja Ma;T $lq;fis epWTjYk;. (-----------) 20. fLk; Mrpupah; gw;whf;Fiwapdhy; fLk; rpukj;jpw;F Mshd mjpgh; xUtupdhy; ghlrhiy mike;Jss; gpuNjrj;jpYs;s cahj; uk; rpj;jpaile;Njhiu Mrpupa cjtpahshf; shf Nritapy; <LgLj;j Njitahd eltbfi; ffs; vLf;fg;gl;ld. ,J> 1) ghlrhiyia r%fj;jplk; vLj;Jr; nry;tjhFk;. 2) rKjhaj;ijg; ghlrhiyf;Fs; nfhz;L tUtjhFk;. 3) rKjhaj;jpw;Fk; ghlrhiyf;Fk; ,ilNa njhlh;Gfisg; NgZtjhFk;. 4) njhopy; mw;NwhUf;F njhopy; tha;g;nghdi; w toq;FtjhFk;. (-----------) (01ù10=10 Gs;spfs;) N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 68 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

 21 njhlf;fk; 30 tiuahd tpdhf;fSf;F RUf;fkhd tpil jUf. 21. ,ytrf;fy;tp eilKiwapYs;s; NghJk; fy;tpapd; kJP ghjfkhd nry;thfF; fisf; fhzKbfpwJ.,jw;F ,uzL; cjhuzq;fs; jUf? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22. r%fg; gy;tifikf;F Vw;wthW fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwia jpl;lkpl;Lr; nraw;gLj;Jk; NghJ xU Mrpupaupdhy; ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba ,uz;L tplaq;fis vOJf? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23. r%fkakhjy; nrad;Kiwapd; FiwghLfs; fhuzkhf vOk; ,uz;L r%fg; gpur;rpidfisj; jUf? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24. ghlrhiynahd;wpy; gytifahd FOkq;fisf; fhz KbAk;. mj;jifa Kiwrhuhf; FOknkhd;Wf;F Ml;Nrh;j;jy; xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l tpjj;jpYk; Vw;wf;nfhs;sg;gll; rl;ljpl;lq;fSf;F Vw;gTk; eilngwkhl;lhJ.mt;thwhd Kiwrhuhf; FOknkhd;wpd; Xh; mq;fj;jth; ngWk; ,uz;L r%fj; jpwd;fis vOJf? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25. ,yq;ifapd; fy;tp kPJ G+Nfhskakhjypdhy; Vw;gl;Ls;s ,uz;L mD$yq;fis vOJf? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26. xU ehl;bd; Njrpaf; fy;tpr; rPh;jpUj;jk; ntw;wpfukhfr; nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; NghJ Xh; Mrpupah; vd;w tifapy; cq;fSf;F fpilfF; k; ,uz;L mD$yq;fis vOJf? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27. tFg;giwapy; khzth;fspd; ,ilr; nraw;ghLfis tsh;g;gjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jf; $ba ,uzL; fw;wy; El;gKiwfis vOJf? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28. ,yq;ifapd; r%f khw;wq;fSf;Nfw;g fiyj;jpl;lj;jpDs; khw;wkila Ntzb; a ,uz;L Jiwfis vOJf? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 69 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

29. Mrpupah; njhopyhdJ Vida ve;jnthU njhopypYk; ghh;f;f rpff; yhdJ. Mrpupaj; njhopypd; rpf;fyhd jd;ik gw;wp Gjpa Mrpupa khztiu mwpTWj;Jk; jpirNfhl;gLj;Jk; nraykh;nthd;wpd; NghJ typAWj;j Ntz;ba ,uz;L tplaq;fis vOJf? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30. Xh; Mrpupah; ghlrhiyf;Fg; Gwkg; hf r%fj;jpy; nraw;gLj;j NeupLfpdw; ,uzL; tfpghfq;fSf;F cjhuzq;fs; jUf? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (02ù10=20 Gs;spfs;) N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 70 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

(02) fy;tpr; r%ftpay; - tpdhj;jhs; Ⅱ  xt;nthU gFjpapypUe;Jk; Fiwe;jgl;rk; ,U tpdhf;fNsapDk; njupe;njLj;J Ie;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vOJf.  xt;nthU tpdhtpdJk; (i),(ii),(iii) Mfpa gFjpfspd; rupahd tpilfSf;F KiwNa 02,04,06 vd;wthW Gs;spfs; toq;fg;gLk;. gFjp Ⅰ 1. 19k; E}w;whz;bd; eLg;gFpapy; gpuhd;rpy; cUthd r%f tpQ;Qhdg; ghlj;jpy; 1960 Mk; Mzl; hFk; NghJ fy;tpr; r%ftpay; vd;w kw;nwhU JiwAk; ,dq;fhzg;gl;lJ. 1) fy;tpr; r%ftpay; vd;gjw;F nghUj;jkhd tiutpyf;fzk; xd;iw Kd;itf;Ff. 2) fy;tp r%ftpaiyf; fw;gjdhy; Xh; Mrpupah; milaf; $ba ehd;F jpwd;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf. 3) ghlrhiyf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpD}lhf fyhrhuj;ijf; ifaspf;Fk; NghJ Mrpupah; vd;w tifapy; eqP ;fs; gpdg; w;Wk; %d;W eilKiwfis cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. 2. r%fkakhjypy; nry;thfF; r; nrYj;Jfpd;w r%fkakhfF; k; myFfspy; mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWtJ FLk;gkhFk;. 1) xU egh; r%fj;jpw;Fg; nghUj;jg;ghlilAk; Muk;g ,uzL; KiwfisAk; ngahpLf? 2) r%fkakhff; p vd;w tifapy; FLk;gnkhd;wpd; ,ay;igj; jPh;khdpf;Fk; ehd;F fhuzpfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. 3) typikahd r%fkakhf;Fk; fhuzpahd FLk;gj;jpd; gzpfis kl;Lg;gLj;Jk; %d;W re;jh;g;gq;fis cjhuzq;fs; %yk; tpsf;Ff. 3. etPd njhopEl;gk; >njhlh;ghly; Clfq;fs; Mfpatw;Wf;F Kd;Nd ghuk;gupa r%fkakhfF; k; fhuzpfs; Kf;fpakw;witahf khwp tUfpdw; d. 1) egiur; r%fkakhfF; tjpy; cjTk; typikkpf;f njhlh;ghly; Clfq;fs; ,uz;ilg; ngaupLf. 2) jw;fhy r%fj;jpy; r%fkakhfF; k; Clfq;fs; %yk; Mw;wg;gLfpdw; ehd;F ghjfkhd nry;thfF; fis vOJf. 3) NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l ghjfkhd tpisTfis ,optsthf;f Mrpupah; vd;w tifapy; vLf;ff;$ba ehd;F eltbfi; ffis cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. 4. “xU ehl;bd; fyhrhuj;jpy; ngsjpf> ngsjpfkw;w gpuTfspd; $lL; k; mtw;Wld; njhlh;Gila elj;ijf; Nfhyq;fSk; r%fj;jpy; cupikahf;fg;gl;l nkhopAk; mlq;Fk;.” 1) ngsjpf kw;Wk; ngsjpf fyhrhuj;Jld; gpize;j fyhrhuj;Njf;fk; vd;gijr; RUf;fkhf mwpKfg;gLj;Jf. 2) ehl;bd; fyhrhuk; khw;wkiltjpy; nry;thfF; r; nrYj;Jfpd;w ,uzL; fhuzpfisf; Fwpg;gpl;L RUf;fkhf tpsfF; f. 3) ghlrhiy fyhrhuj;ijf; ifaspf;Fk; epWtdk; vd;w ujP papy; gy;fyhrhuf; fy;tpiar; nraw;gLj;j Xh; Mrpupahpdhy; vLf;ff; $ba ,uz;L eltbfi; ffis cjhzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 71 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

gFjp - Ⅱ 5. .ghlrhiyf;F gps;isfis toq;FtJk; ghlrhiyfspy; ,Ue;J ntspNaWk; gps;isfis Vw;Wf; nfhs;tJk; r%fkhFk;. mjd; %yk; ghlrhiyf;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlh;G efKk; rijAk; NghdW; typikahfg; gpizf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 1) ghlrhiyr; r%fk; vd;gjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd tiutpyf;fzk; xd;W jUf. 2) jw;fhyg; ghlrhiyf;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNa epyTk; njhlh;gpd; NghJ Vw;gLfpdw; gpur;rpidahd ,uz;L re;jh;g;gq;fis RUf;fkhf tpsfF; f. 3) ghlrhiyf;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlh;ig tsh;f;fg; nghUj;jkhd %d;W nraw;jpl;lq;fisg; ngaupl;L mtw;Ws; xd;iwr; nraw;gLj;j gUkl;lhd jpl;lnkhd;iw mikf;f. 6. egh;fis xd;W Nrh;g;gjd; %yk; cUthff; g;gLfpdw; ,ilj;njhlh;G Kiw r%fkhFk;. 1) r%ff; FOkk; vd;gjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd tiutpyf;fznkhd;iw Kd;itf;Ff. 2) Kiwrhh; r%ff; FOknkhd;wpy; fhzg;gLfpd;w gpujhd ,uz;L ,ay;Gfis vOJf. 3) tFg;giwapy; Mrpupa-khzt njhlh;gpd; jd;ikiaj; jPh;khdpg;gjpy; nry;thfF; r; nrYj;Jk; %d;W fhuzpfis cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. 7. tFg;giwapy; xU khztd; kPJ Vida khzth;fs; fhl;Lk; tpUg;gpd; mbg;gilapy; me;epNahdd; pa njhlh;G gw;wp tpthpf;f r%fkhd Nrhjidfs; (Sociometric tests) ngupJk; cjTfpd;wd.tFg;giwapy; khzth; ,ilj; njhlh;ghly;fis ,dq;fhz;gjw;F r%fkhd Nrhjidapd; %yk; ngw;w juTfspd;gb jahupj;j r%fkhd tupg;glnkhd;iw fPNo fhz;fpd;wPhf; s; 1) Nkw;gb juTfspd;gb tFg;giwapYs;s r%fj;jhuifnahdi; wAk; (star) jdpikahdtiuAk; (isolate) ngaupLf. 2) Nkw;gb thpg;glj;jpdg; b jdJ tFg;giwapYs;s khzth;fisg; gw;wp Mrpupaupdhy; ntspg;gLj;jf;$ba ehd;F jfty;fisj; jUf. 3) r%fkhd Nrhjidnahd;wpd; %yk; ngw;w jfty;fisj; jdJ ghlrhiyapy; G+uz fiyj;jpl;lj;ijr; nraw;gLj;j tFg;Gg; nghWg;ghrpupaUf;F cjtpf;fhf nfhs;sf$; ba tpjj;ij cjhuzq;fSld; tpsf;Ff. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 72 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

8. “fy;tp vd;gJ r%fj;jpy; tFg;G NtWghLfis ,opthf;fp mirit Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w fhuzpnahd;whf Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ”. 1) r%f mirT (Social mobility) vd;gijr; RUff; khf tpsfF; f. 2) ,d;W ,yq;ifapy; r%f mirT kPJ typikahf nry;thfF; r; nrYj;Jk; ehd;F fhuzpfis vOJf. 3) fy;tpr; nrad;Kiwapd; %yk; r%f mirT Vw;gLk; tpjj;ij RUf;fkhf tpsfF; f? N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 73 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

tpilfs; tpdhj;jhs; - Ⅰ 1. ftpd; `l;]; epANfw;wd;> vkpy; Jhi; fk; 2. Kiwrhh; 3. gy;fiyf;fofq;fs; 4. nghJ 5. njhopy; Kz;zpiyg; ghlq;fs;. 6. gj;jpupiffs;> rQ;rpiffs;. 7. fyhrhuj;ij. 8. Neh; kdg;ghq;F. 9. fy;tp/ ghlrhiy. 10. tFg;giw. 11. 2 12. 3 13. 4 14. 4 15. 1 16. 1 17. 3 18. 1 19. 2/3 20. 2 21.  ghlj; njhFjpfisj; njupT nra;jy;.  gpsi; sfis ghlrhiyf;F mDkjpg;gJk; njupT nra;tJk;.  nkhop%yj; njupT  cah; fy;tp tpuptiljy;.  cah; fy;tp tha;g;Gff; is nghUshjhu trjp Fiwe;Njhh; mDgtpf;fhik.  njhopy; tha;g;G mjpfupj;jy.;  fy;tpf;Fg; gpdd; uhd njhopy; tha;g;gpd;ikfs;. 22.  ghtid nkhopAk; ifahSk; nkhopAk;  jukhd css; Pl;Lg; gad;ghL.  rkepiy NgZjy;.(r%fg; gy;tifik NtWghbd;wp vy;yh khzth;fisAk; rkkhf kjpj;jy;. mjhtJ vy;yh khzth;fspw;Fk; rk cupikia toq;Fjy;.  nghUj;jkhd MNyhrid toq;FjYk; topfhl;LjYk;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 74 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

23.  jw;nfhiy  Nghijg;nghUs; ghtidf;F mbikahjy;.  r%fj;jpy; ,Ue;J xJq;fp tho;jy;.  r%fj;jpw;F vjpuhd nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;sy;.  ,isQh; tpuf;jp khzth; Nghuhl;lq;fs;.  rpWth;> ngz;fs; J~;gpuNahfq;fs;  Gupe;Jzh;tw;w Kuz;ghLfs;. 24.  FOf;fspy; gq;Fgw;Wjy;.  $l;lhfr; nraw;gLk; jd;ik  Rje;jpukhfr; nraw;gLk; jd;ik.  rthy;fis Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; jd;ik.  Xj;Jiog;Gj; jd;ik  gu];gu ,zff; k;.  jd;dhh;t Kidg;Gld; nraw;gly;. 25.  ts tPz; tpuaj;ijf; Fiwj;jy;.  gy tplaq;fisf; fw;gjw;fhd re;jh;g;gk;.(nghJ mwptpid tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;syhk;.)  ntspehl;Lf; fy;tp %yk; gy tplaq;fisg; ngWtjw;fhd tha;g;G.(vkJ ehl;by; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Kbahj mwptpid ntspehl;bw;Fr; nrdW; fw;gjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fs;> fw;wYf;fhd Gyikg; guprpy; tha;g;Gf;fs;.)  fy;tp Kd;Ndw;wj;Jff; hd jhkjq;fis ,optsthfF; jy;.  rh;tNjr juj;jpyhd mwptpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $bajhf ,Uj;jy;. 26.  jifikf;Nfw;w epakdKk; gjtp cau;Tk;.  Njrpa ,lkhw;wf; nfhs;if mKy;gLj;jy;.  Njrpa kl;lj;jpyhd Mrpupah; gapw;rp toq;Fjy;.  mwpthw;wiy ,w;iwg;gLj;jy;. 27.  FOKiwf; fw;wy;.(Group Learning)  rfghbf; fw;wy;.(Peer Learning)  Nrh;e;J fw;wy;./$l;LwTf; fw;wy;(Co-operative Learnin)  gq;FngWtjD}lhff; fw;wy;.  ehlf Kiw. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 75 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

28.  njhopEl;g Jiw.  gy;fyhrhuk;.  mdh;j;j Kfhikj;Jtk;.  cyf kakhff; k;.  fhyepiy khw;wk;.  Mq;fpyf; fy;tpapd; tpUj;jp. 29.  Mrpupah; njhopy; rhh;ghd cs;thupahd gapw;rpAk; Kd;Ndw;wKk;.  Kd; khjpupahd kdpjtsk;.  jhkhf Kd; te;J r%fj;Jf;F Nritahw;Wk; gzG; .  jkJ flikfisAk; nghWg;Gf;fisAk; ruptur; nra;Ak; kdg;ghq;F.  Mrpupah; Neh;ikahf Fwpj;j egh;fSf;F tpilaspj;jy;.  gpur;rpidfis RKfkhfj; jPh;f;Fk; Mw;wy;.  fw;gpfF; k; fhyj;jpw;Nfw;g jk;ik ,w;iwg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sy;.(mwpT> njhopDl;gk;> nkhopg; Gyik) 30.  r%fj; jiyth;.  epGzj;Jtk; tha;e;jth;.  xOq;fikg;ghsh.;  rpwe;j Ngr;rhsh;  MNyhrid $Wgth;.  njhopy; topfhl;Leh;.  gzg; hlL; mk;rq;fisg; Ngzpg; ghJfhg;gth;  FOj;jiyth;.  jpl;lkplyhsh.;  topfhl;b.  Kfhikahsh.;  r%f Nritahsh.;  Kd;khjpupahf elg;gth;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 76 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

tpdhj;jhs; - Ⅱ gFjp - Ⅰ 01. (i)  fy;tpf;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd gpizg;igf; fhl;Lk; tifapy; mikAk;. mjhtJ ghlrhiyf;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd gpizg;ig typAWj;Jk; tifapy; nraw;ghLfis css; lf;fp mikAk; eilKiwfshFk;. my;yJ  fy;tpr; nrad;Kiw njhlh;ghf mjDld; njhlh;Ggl;l r%fr; nrad;Kiwfis nghUj;jkhd Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sk; ,ay; my;yJ Jiw MFk;. my;yJ  fy;tpr; nrad;Kiwapd; jd;ikfs;> ,ay;Gfs;>elj;ijfs; vd;gtw;iw r%fj;jpDila ,ay;GfNshL ikag;gLj;jp MuhAk; ,ay; fy;tpr; r%ftpay; MFk;. (ii) 1) r%ff; FOf;fis milahsk; fhZjy;. 2) fy;tp r%fr; nraw;ghLfs; vd;gtw;iw ,izj;jy;. 3) r%fj;jpd; juj;ij NgZtjw;fhd nraw;ghLfs; khzth; nraw;ghLfs; khzth; rhh;ghf / r%fk; rhh;ghf / epWtdk; rhh;ghf r%fj;jpd; fy;tpj; Njit/ juj;ijg; NgZtjw;F. 4) jdpj; jdpr; nraw;ghLfis milahsg;gLj;jy;. 5) vspa r%fr; nraw;ghLfis ,dq;fhZjy;. 6) khzt rKjhaj;ij tpsq;fpf; nfhs;Sk; jpwd;. 7) xU r%fkakhjy; #oypidj; Njhw;Wtpj;jy;. 8) r%fg; gpur;rpidfs;> r%fkhw;wk; njhlh;ghd tpsff; k; ngWjy;. (iii) 1) rpwe;j topfhl;Lgtuhf. 2) nghUj;jkhd Kd;khjpupAs;stuhf. Neh;j;jpahd cilaikg;G xOf;fkhf elj;jy;. 3) Mrpupa elj;ijf;Fhpa gzi; g ntspf;fhl;Lguhf (r%fj;jpd; cwTf;fhf) 4) r%f xOff; tpay; Nfhl;ghl;il Nkk;gLj;j . 5) fiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; Clhf fyhrhuj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;gtjw;fhf 6) mwpQh;fspd; fUj;Jff; isAk; ngupNahh;fspd; fUj;Jff; isAk; gfph;e;J nfhs;sy;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 77 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

02. 1)Kiwrhuh/Kiwapy; tifapyhd nraw;ghLfs;.(FLk;gk;> rfghbfs;> mayth;fs); (i) 2)Kiwrhh; tifapyhd nraw;ghLfs;.(ghlrhiy> rka r%f epWtdq;fs;) (ii)  FLk;gj;jpd; fll; ikg;G.  FLk;gj;jpd; njhopw;ghLfs;.  r%f tFg;Gf;fs.;  r%fj;jpd; Vw;Fk; ,ay;Gfs;.  fy;tpapd; ju kl;lq;fs;.  cs; thupahd cwTfs;.  nghUshjhu epiyikfs;.  FLk;g mq;fj;jth;fspd; vzz; pf;if. (iii) FLk;g cwT gzpiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; fhuzpfshf  gps;isfs; fhg;gfq;fs; (rpWth; eyd;Gup epiyak; guhkhpg;G epiyaq;fs;> rpWth; 03. ,y;yq;fs;.) (i)  jha; je;ijapd; ,lkhw;wk;  jhapd; njhopy; tha;g;Gff; s;  jhapd; ntspehl;L Ntiy tha;g;Gff; s;.  rpWth;fs; gapw;wg;glhjth;fshy; topelj;jg;gly;.  ngw;NwhUf;F ,ilapyhd Kuz;ghLfs;.  ngw;Nwhh;fs; gpupe;J tho;jy;. typik kpf;f Clfq;fshf ,yj;jpudpay; Clfk; mr;R Clfk;  njhiyf;fhl;rp  Gjpdg;gj;jpupif  thndhyp  rQ;rpif.  ,izak;  ntspalP ;lhsh;.  fzdp  Gj;jfq;fs;.  rpdpkh. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 78 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

(ii) 1)Nghijg; nghUSf;F mbikahjy;. 2)ghypay; J~;gpuNahfk;. 3)Fw;wtpay; nraw;ghl;L czh;Tfs.; 4)Gust; hd elj;ijf; Nfhyq;fs;. 5)kdf; Fog;gq;fs; nraw;gly;. 6)tPzhf Neuj;ijf; fopj;jy;. 7)Kiwaw;w eil>cil ghtidfs;. 8)Kfg; Gj;jfj;jpy; mjpf Neuj;ijr; nrytpLjy;. 9)kw;wth;fspd; ,ufrpaq;fis mth;fSf;Fj; njupahky; ghh;j;jy; 10) nghUj;jkw;wth;fSld; njhlh;Gfis Vw;gLj;jy;. (iii) 1) r%fj;jpd; fyhrhug; gzg; hlL; tpOkpaq;fis epahag;gLj;jy;. 2) Nkk;ghl;L ujP pahf nraw;gLtJk; tpidahw;wYs;s tifapy; Neuj;ijg; 04. (i) gad;gLj;jYk;. 3) ,izaj;ijg; gad;gLj;jy;- mwpthw;wiy Nkk;gLj;Jk; Kiwfisf; fhl;Ljy;. 4) tpopg;Gzh;T Cl;Ltjw;fhf $l;lq;fs;> fUj;juq;Ffs; elhj;Jjy;. 5) gj;jpupiffspy; Gjpa Mf;fq;fis gpuRupf;f Vw;ghL nra;jy;. 6) ntFrd Clfq;fspy; css; ey;y tplaq;fis vLj;Jf; $Wjy;. 7) ntFrd Clfq;fspy; css; jPikfs; gw;wp vLj;jf; $Wjy;. 8) khzth;fspd; jdpgg; l;l Mw;wy;fis ,dq;fz;L mtw;wpy; mth;fsJ ftdj;ijr; nrYj;jj; J}zL; jy; Ntz;Lk;. 9) ngw;NwhUf;F tpopg;Gzh;T Cl;Ljy;. 10) ntFrd Clfq;fspd; ghtidia ngw;Nwhupd; fzf; hzpg;gpd; fPo; itj;jpUj;jy;.  nghUs; rhh;e;j fyhrhuj;JfF; k; nghUs; rhuhj fyhrhuj;Jf;Fk; ,ilapyhd NtWghL. my;yJ  fyhrhuk; xd;wpd; gy$Wfspy; Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;/khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLk; NghJ Vida xUrpy $Wfspy; mt;thwhd khw;wq;fs; Vw;glhjpUj;jy; fyhrhuj;Njf;fk; vdg;gLk;. my;yJ  vg;nghOJk; ngsjpfk; rhh;e;j fyhrhuk; Ntfkhf Kd;NdWk; ngsjpfkw;w fyhrhuk; kpff; FiwthfNt Kd;Ndwpr; nry;Yk;. ,it ,uzb; w;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l ,ilntsp fyhrhu Njf;fk; vdg;gLk;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 79 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

(ii) 1)nghUs; rhh;e;j xOq;fikg;G. 2)r%fk; rhh;e;j xOq;fikg;G. 3)fy;tp> murpay;> tpQ;Qhd njhopDl;gk;. 4),aw;ifahd ts mikg;G. 5)r%fj;jpd; nghUshjhu epiy. 6)njhlh;ghly; Kiwfs;. 7)r%f cwT Kiwfs;. 8)tuyhw;W hPjpahd nraw;ghLfSk; mDgtq;fSk;. 9)Gjpa njhopDl;g rhjdq;fs;. 10) murpay; fhuzpfs;. (iii) 1) vjph;fhyk; Nehff; pa rpwe;j Mf;fq;fisr; nraw;gLj;jy;. 2) cst; hupahd njhlh;Gfis Vw;gLj;Jk; tifapy; r%fj;jpd; xOf;ftpay; r%f mikg;Gf;fis gpdg; w;wj; J}zL; jy;. 3) gy;tifahd fyhrhuj;ijAk; khzth;fis rkkhf nraw;gLj;Jk; epiyiaAk; cUthfF; jy;. 4) ghlrhiyf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; cs;slq;Fk; tifapy; gy;fyhrhug; gzG; fisg; gpdg; w;Wjy;. 5) NtWgl;l r%ff; FOf;fspd; kdpj cupikfisg; NgZjYk; kjpj;J elj;jYk;. 6) gy; fyhrhug; ghuk;gupaq;fisg; gupkhwpf; nfhs;sf; $ba epfo;r;rpfis xOq;fikj;jy;. gFjp - Ⅱ 05. . (i)  r%fj;jpd; ,isa r%ff; $l;lj;ij mr; r%fj;jpd; fyhrhuk; kw;Wk; gz;ghLfSld; vjph;fhy mwpthw;wy;fSf;Nfw;g topg;gLj;Jk; xU epWtdk; ghlrhiyahFk;. my;yJ  ve;j xU r%fj;jpdJk; gz;ghLfis Kiwrhh; ujP papy; ,sk; re;jjpapdUf;F ifaspf;Fk; epWtdk; ghlrhiyahFk;. ,e;epWtdj;jpy; njhopw;gLk; mjpgh;>Mrpupah;fs;> khzth;fs>; rpw;W}opah;fs>; ngw;Nwhh;fs;>gioa khzth;fs>; eyd;tpUk;gpfs; cs;slq;fpa r%fk; ghlrhiyr; r%fkhFk;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 80 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

(ii) 1)ghlrhiy r%fj;jpd; nray;fis Vw;fhj NghJ 2)r%fj;jpd; Njitfis ghlrhiy epiwT nra;ahj NghJ 3)r%f eilKiw> ghlrhiy eilKiwfs; vd;gd NtWgl;l jpirapy; nry;Yk; NghJ 4)ghlrhiyf;F ,isa r%fk; xj;Jiof;fhj NghJ 5)eph;thfpfSf;fpilNa Kuz;ghl;Lg; Nghf;F fhzg;gLk; NghJ 6)tsq;fs; rupahfg; gfpug;glhik. (iii) 1)r%f> ghlrhiy ,izTr; nraw;wpll; q;fs;. 2)ghlrhiy> r%fj;jpw;F Njit mbg;gilapyhd nraw;wpll; q;fs;(r%fj;jpd; tpohff; isf; nfhz;lhLjy;.) 3)rpukjhdr; nraw;ghLfs;. 4)r%f epfo;r;rpfs(; ehl;Lf;$j;J> nghq;fy; tpoh Nghdw; d) 5)khiy Neug; ghlrhiy(Nkyjpf tFg;Gf;fs;) 6)r%fj;jpd; cly; cs jifikfSf;f cjTjy;. 7)r%fj;jpy; epfOk; epfo;tpw;F ghlrhiy khzth;fisg; gq;Fgw;wr; nra;jy;. 8)ngw;Nwhh; tpohff; s; nfhz;lhLjy;. nraw;wpll; j;jpd; khjpup ghlrhiyapy; rpukjhd epfo;nthd;iw ghlrhiy mjpgh;>Mrpupah;fs;> khzth;fSlDk; kw;Wk; ngw;Nwhh; gioa khzth;fSld; Nrh;e;J elhj;Jjy;. jiyg;G- ghlrhiy r%fj; njhlh;ig tYg;gLj;jy;. Nehff; k-; 1. ghlrhiy gw;wpa Neuhd kdg;ghq;if r%fj;jplk; cUthfF; jy;. 2. ghlrhiyr; nraw;ghLfspy; r%fj;ij <LgLj;jy;. 3. ghlrhiyf;Fk; r%fj;jpw;fk; ,ilapyhd gu];gu cwit tsh;j;jy;. tsq;fs-; kdpj tsk; (mjpgh;> Mrpupah;fs;> ngw;Nwhh;fs; gioa khzth;fs>; eyd; tpUk;gpfs;) ngsjpf tsk;- (rpukjhdj;jpw;Fj; Njitahd cgfuzq;fs;.) epjptsk; - (rpw;W}z;b> kjpa Nghrdk; Nghd;w cgrupg;Gf;fs); fhyk; - xU tpLKiw fhyk; ,tw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L xU nraw;wpll; j;ijj; jahupj;J eilKiwg;gLj;jy;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 81 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

06. jkJ NehfF; > Njitfis mile;J nfhs;tjw;fhf ,Uth; my;yJ mjw;F (i) Nkw;gl;lth;fs; ,ize;J nraw;gLjNy r%ff; FOkk; MFk;. ,f;FO 2 tifg;gLk;. 1. Kiwrhh; FO. 2. Kiwapy; FO. (ii) 1)rl;ljpl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; eilKiwfs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;ljhf ,Uf;Fk;. 2),ay;ghd mjpfhug; Nghf;F fhzg;gLjy;. 3)nghWg;gf;fSk; mjpfhuq;fSk; Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk;. 4)Kiwahd njhlh;ghly; Kiw fhzg;gLjy;. 5),yf;Ffis milAk; Nehff; py; jpl;lkpl;l nraw;ghLfs;. 6)Vw;wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l xOq;fikg;Gf; fhzg;gLk.; (iii) 1) Mrpupah; khzth; cwit tYg;gLj;Jk; rl;l rk;gpujha G+ht; khd tplaq;fs; 2) Mrpupaupd; jiyikj;Jtg; gzG; . 3) Mrpupaupd; mZFKiwAk; mtuJ Njhw;wKk;. 4) Mrpupaupd; Fuy; njhdp. 5) Mrpupaupd; fw;gpj;jy; ghzp. 6) Mrpupah; gw;wpa khzth;fspd; kdg;ghq;F 7) khzth; eyd; njhlh;ghf Mrpupah; fhl;Lk; mf;fiw. 07. (i)  r%fj;jhuif- mkpj;  jdpikahdth;- fRd; > gpay;. (ii) 1) cWjpahd Mspilj; njhlh;ghlypd; jd;ik. 2) gu];guj; njhlh;ghlYf;fhfj; njupT nra;ag;gLk; eghf; s; ahh; ahh; vd;gJ> 3) Kuz;ghlhd njupTj; jd;ik vJ vd;gJ. 4) jdJ FOtpy; ahiu Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;sy; vd;gij mwpjy;. 5) jdpahs; Kd;Dupikfs.; 6) ahh; czi; kahd r%fj; jhuif vd;gij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L mwpjy;. 7) ahh; r%fj;jpy; jdpikahdth; vd;gij mwpjy;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 82 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

(iii) 1)jiyth;fisj; njupT nra;jy;. 2)ghlrhiyapdJk; rq;fq;fspdJk; gzpfisg; nghWg;Ngw;Wr; nraw;gLj;jf; $bath; ahh; vd;gij ,dq;fhzy;. 3)tpisahl;Lf;fspy; jiyth;fisj; njupT nra;jy; 4)fy;tpr; Rw;Wyhit xOq;fikj;jypy; jiytiuj; njupT nra;jy;. 5)tFg;giwf; fw;gpj;jypd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;F cjtf; $bath; ahh; vd;gij ,dq;fhzy;. ,jd; %yk; r%fj;jhuifahf cs;stiuj; jiytuhfTk; jdpikg;gLj;jg;gl;lth;fis nghUj;jkhd nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLj;Jtjd; %yk; Viza khzth;fSld; ,izj;jy; 08. (i) r%fmirT  xU egh; my;yJ r%fk; Fwpj;j xU r%f tFg;gpypUe;J ,d;ndhU r%f tFg;gpw;F nry;Yjy; r%f mirT vdg;gLk;. mjhtJ r%f tFg;gpd; xU gilapypUe;J ,d;ndhU gilfF; efhe; ;J nry;tJ r%f mirT vdg;gLk;. my;yJ  xU Fwpj;j egh; Fwpj;j xU r%f epiyfspy; ,Ue;J ,d;ndhU r%f epiyf;Fr; nry;tJ r%f mirT MFk; (ii) 1) fy;tp 2) njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fs; 3) Gjpa murpay; Nghf;F 4) nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs;. 5) ehL KOtjw;Fkhf xNu murpay; rpe;jid. 6) mur cjtpfs;- nspehl;L cjtpfs;. 7) FbtuTk; FbngahT; k;. 8) ,izak;/ njhlh;G rhjdq;fs;. 9) tpQ;QhdKk; njhopy;Elg; Kk; 10) efukakhff; k; (iii) 1)cah; gjtpfSf;F epakdk; nra;ag;gly;. 2)cah; gjtpfSf;fhd Ntiyfisr; nra;tjw;fhd kdg;ghq;Filatuhf jk;ik khw;wp gof;fg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sjy; 3)njhlh; fy;tpapd; %yk; Fwpj;j r%fj;jpid Nkd;epiy milar; nra;J mjid cah; epiyf;F ,l;Lr; nry;Yjy;. 4)midtUf;Fk; fy;tp xUth; fy;tpj; jFjpia ngWtjd; %yk; njhopy; tha;g;gpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; NghJ r%f nghUshjhu me;j];J cah;T Vw;gl;L r%f miritg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 83 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

fw;gpj;jypy; Njrpa bg;Nshkh ,Wjpg; guPl;ir - 2012 (2013) (02) fy;tp r%ftpay; - tpdhj;jhs; Ⅰ  1 njhlff; k; 10 tiuahd tpdhff; spy; jug;gl;Ls;s xtn; thU $w;wpdJk; ,ilntspf;F kpfg; nghUj;jkhd nrhy;iy /nrhw;fis ,l;Lg; G+uzg;gLj;Jf. 1. xU gps;is r%fkakhFk; NghJ kdntOr;rp mgptpUj;jp njhlu;ghf ghlrhiyapYk; $Ljyhf …………………….Clhfg; ngWk; nry;thfF; typikahdJ. 2. FLk;gj;ij ikakhff;nfhz;l FWfpa ghu;itf; Nfhzj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpyfp tpupthd r%f ghu;itf; Nfhzj;jpy;r%fj;ij NehfF; tjw;F …………………….egUf;F topfhl;LfpwJ. 3. tFg;giwapYs;s r%fj;jhuiffs; kw;Wk; r%f jdpg;gll; tu;fs; my;yJ xJq;fpapUg;gtu;fis ,dq;fhz Xu; Mrpupaupdhy; gad;gLj;jf;$ba r%f …………………………. KiwahFk;. 4. ghlrhiynahd;wpd; epUthf fll; ikg;ig vt;tsT ed;whf xOq;fikj;j NghjpYk; mjidr; nraw;gLj;Jk; fl;lj;jpy; ghlrhiy r%fj;JlDk; …………………………. ,zf;fkhd njhlu;Gfs; Ngzg;glhjpUg;gpd; ahTk; Njhy;tpailAk;. 5. fyhrhunkhd;wpDs; rpy fyhrhu mk;rq;fs; khwhJ epyTjy; fyhrhu …………………….. vd khdpltpay; tpQ;Qhdpfs; mwpKfg;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;. 6. tFg;giwnahd;wpd; ,ilj;njhlu;GfSf;Fk;> fUj;Jg; gupkhwy;fSf;Fk; than; khop %yj;ijg; Nghd;Nw ……………………….. njhlu;ghly; KiwfSk; kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. 7. xU ehl;bd; r%f khw;wq;fSf;Nfw;g Kiwrhu; fy;tp khw;wkilaNtz;ba tpjj;ij gpujpgypf;Fk; re;ju;g;gk; ……………………………. ruP ;jpUj;jq;fshFk;. 8. xU ehl;bd; fyhrhuq;fs; rpy cs;s NghJ me;ehl;bDs; nraw;glNtz;baJ ……………………………….. MFk;. 9. Kiwrhu; kw;Wk; ……………………………. FOkq;fs; gps;isfspd; fy;tp kPJ Neuhd Kiwapy; Nghd;Nw vjpu;kiwahd KiwapYk; nry;thfF; r; nrYj;j KbAk;. 10. r%ff;FOnthd;wplKs;s nghUshjhu rf;jpapd; mbg;gilapy; xU r%fj;jpd; egu;fisg; gpupg;gJ ……………………………… %ykhFk;. (01 × 10 = 10Gs;spfs;) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 84 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

 11 njhlf;fk; 20 tiuahd xt;nthU tpdhTf;Fk; cupa rupahd tpiliaf; Fwpj;J epw;Fk; ,yf;fj;ij vjpNuAs;s milg;Gf;Fwpf;Fs; vOJf. 11. ghlrhiyapy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w vy;yhf; fw;wy; mDgtq;fisAk; cs;slf;Fk; fiyj;jpl;lk; vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 1) Kiwrhu; kw;Wk; Kiwrhuh fiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; mlq;Fk; mDgtq;fisAk;. 2) Kiwrhu; kw;Wk; kiw fiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; mlq;Fk; vy;yh mDgtq;fisAk;. 3) Kiwrhu; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpw;F Nkyjpfkhf cyfpd; gy;NtW jfty;fs; gw;wpa mDgtq;fSk;. 4) Kiwrhu;>Kiwrhuh Kiwapy; fiyj;jpl;lq;fspy; mlq;Fk; vy;yh mDgtq;fSk;. (……………) 12. r%fnkhd;wpy; mq;fj;Jtk; ngw;Ws;s vy;yh mq;fj;jtuf; spdJk; tpOkpaq;fs; mwnewpfs; kdg;ghq;Ffs; nkhop Mil mzpfs; ve;j Xu; mk;rj;jpYk; my;yJ mit ahtw;wpYk; Vw;gl;Ls;s khw;wq;fis miog;gJ. 1) ehl;bd; fyhrhu khw;wnkhd;nwd. 2) r%f gilaikg;gpd; khw;wnkhd;nwd. 3) r%f tFg;G mbg;gilapyhd ,ay;gpd; khw;wnkhd;nwd. 4) ehl;bd; r%f mwnewpfs; khw;wnkhd;nwd. (……………) 13. xU ehl;bd; nghJthd fyhrhuj;jpDs; tho;e;jthW jkf;Nf rpwg;ghd NtW tifapyhd tho;f;iff; Nfhyj;Jld; $ba kf;fs; gpuptpdiu r%ftpay; ujP pahf 1) r%f tFg;ngd miof;fg;gLk;. 2) ,ilg;guk;giu mirTvdmiof;fg;gLk;. 3) Jizf;fyhrhunkd miof;fg;gLk;. 4) gy;fyhrhuk; vd miof;fg;gLk;. (……………) 14. xU gps;is r%fkakhd tsu;e;Njhuhtjw;F kpf typikahfr; nraw;gLk; Muk;g r%fkakhff; y; fhuzpahtJ 1) FLk;gk;> ghlrhiy> rpW tpisahl;Lf;FOf;fs; 2) FLk;gk;> el;Gf;FOf;fs;> rpWtpisahl;Lf;FOf;fs; 3) FLk;gk;> ghlrhiy> el;Gf;FOf;fs; 4) FLk;gk;> njhiyf;fhl;rp> el;Gf;FOf;fs; (……………) 15. Kiwrhu; ghlrhiyapd; mz;kpa r%fkhf miof;fg;gLtJ. (……………) 1) khztu;fs;> ngw;Nwhu;fs;> gioakhztu;fs; 2) khztu;fs;> Mrpupau;fs;> mjpgu; 3) khztu;fs;> ngw;Nwhu;fs;> eyd;tpUk;gpfs; 4) khztu;fs;> mjpgu;> ngw;Nwhu;fs;. 16. ghlrhiyf;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlu;gpd; NghJ r%fj;ijg; ghlrhiyf;F nfhz;LtUtjw;fhf gadg; Lj;jf;$ba kpfTk; nghUj;jkhd xU nraw;ghL 1) r%fj;jpd; mgptpUj;jpf;fhf ghlrhiyapd; tsq;fis toq;FtjhFk;. 2) r%fj;jpYs;s gy;NtW mwpTfs;> jpwd;fs;> tsq;fs; Mfpatw;iw ghlrhiyf;F toq;Fk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis nraw;gLj;jyhFk;. 3) r%fj;jpw;fhfg; ghLgl Ntz;Lnkd khztu;fSf;F fw;gpg;gjhFk;. 4) ghlrhiyapd; mgptpUj;jpf;fhd jdJ nghWg;igg; gw;wp r%fj;jpw;F mwpTWj;JtjhFk;. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 85 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

(……………) 17.“ fy;tp Kiwikapd; %yk; vk;khy; jahu;g;gLj;j Ntz;baJ ehk; mwpahj Xu; cyfpw;F egu;fis nghUj;jg;ghlilar; nra;jyhFk;.“ ,f;$w;wpd; fUj;jhtJ. 1) fy;tpapd; %yk; ,Jtiu fz;lwpahj mfpyj;ij Njbaha;tjw;F gps;isia jahug; ;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;. 2) fy;tpapd; %yk; mwpahj cyifg; gw;wp gps;isf;F nrhy;ypf;nfhLg;gjhFk;. 3) fy;tpapd; %yk; vjpu;fhycyfpw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd egu;fis cUthf;FtjhFk;. 4) fy;tpapd; %yk; NtW cyfq;fspy; tho;tjw;F egu;fis topg;gLj;JjyhFk;. (……………) 18.gapw;rpngWk; gapYdu; Mrpupau; xUtupdhy; nraw;gLj;jg;gl;l gpd;tUk; nraw;wpll; q;fSs; ghlrhiyr; nraw;wpll; khdJ. 1) khztupd; ngw;Nwhupw;F khztu; Kd;Ndw;w mwpf;ifia thue;NjhWk; mDg;Gtjw;F Gjpa khjpupg; gbtnkhd;iwj; jahupg;gjhFk;. 2) ghlrhiyf;F vjpupYs;s gpujhd ghijapy; khztu;fs; ghijiaf; flg;gjw;F kQ;Ql;Nfhl;il tiutjhFk;. 3) tFg;giwapy;khztu;fspd; Mf;fq;fisf; fhl;rpg;gLj;j fhl;rpg;gyifnahd;iw mikg;gjhFk;. 4) ngw;Nwhupd; xj;jhirAld; ghlrhiyapy; FbePu; toq;Fk; Kiwnahd;iwr; nraw;gLj;JtjhFk;. (……………) 19.khdpl epyTifapd; vy;yh mk;rq;fspd; kPJk; nry;thfF; r; nrYj;Jk; cyfkakhjy; %yk; Vw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w gykhd mD$ykhtJ> 1) ehl;bd; fy;tp mgptpUj;jp Jupjkiljy;. 2) mgptpUj;jpaile;j ehLfSf;F mjpfsthd tsq;fis EfuKbjy;. 3) ntspehl;L cjtpapd; %yk; khj;jpuk; fy;tp mgptpUj;jpia vjpu;ghu;g;gjhFk;. 4) rkepiyaw;w fw;Nwhupd; ntspNaw;wj;jpw;F topNfhYjy;. (……………) 20.r%fkakhff; y; vd;gJ egiu jdJ Rw;whlypd; r%fr; #oypw;F Vw;wthW tbtikg;gjhFk;. ,f;$w;iw ntspap;ll; tu;. 1) fhu;s;khuf; ;]; 2) N`gu;l; ];ngd;ru; 3) mf;]up nfhkpb 4) vkpy; Nlu;i`k; (……………) (01 × 10 = 10Gs;spfs;) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 86 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

 21 njhlf;fk; 30 tiuahd tpdhf;fSf;Fr; RUf;fkhd tpil jUf. 21. r%fkakhfF; k; nraw;ghL edT epiyiag; Nghd;Nw edtyp epiyiaf; nfhz;lJ. ,t;tpuz;L epiyfisAk; tpsfF; f. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22. epiyf;Fj;J r%f mirT fhuzkhf egupd; r%f epiyapy; Vw;glf;$ba gpujhd khw;wq;fs; ,uz;il vOJf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23. Nghyrn; ra;Ak; khjpupnahd;whf nraw;gLk; Mrpupau; jkJ tFg;giw khztu;fis r%fkakhff; g; gadg; Lj;jf;$ba ,uz;L fUtpfis Fwpg;gpLf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24. gy;fyhrhuf; fy;tp Kiwiknahd;W nraw;glhikahy; gy;tif r%fnkhd;wpy; Vw;glf;$ba r%fg;gpur;rpidfs; ,uz;ilg; ngaupLf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25. xNu tifia my;yJ Njrpaj;ijf; nfhz;l r%fnkhd;wpYk; r%fg; gilahf;fj;jpd; %yk; egu;fs; NtWgLj;jYf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLthu;.Nkw;Fwpj;j NtWgLj;jy; gpujpgypff; pd;w ,uz;L re;ju;g;gq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26. GJKf Mrpupau; xUtu; jdJ Kjy; epakd ghlrhiyapy; fy;tpr;r%ftpay; ghlj;ijf; fw;wjd; %yk; jhd; ngw;w mDgtj;ij gadg; Lj;jf;$ba ,uz;L re;ju;g;gq;fis vLj;Jff; hl;Lf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 27. ghlrhiyapy; fw;wy; vjpu;ghu;g;Gff; s; epiwNtwhik vd;w fhuzj;ijj; jtpu ,sk;taJ khztu; jdpahu; tFg;Gf;fspw;F nry;tjpy; nry;thfF; nrYj;jpAs;s ,uz;L fhuzq;fis Kdi; tfF; f. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 28. Mz; ngz; r%f epiyf;F ,iaghf nraw;gLk; jpwd; khztUs; tsu;ff; ghlg;nghWg;ghrpupau; xUtupdhy; gad;gLj;jf;$ba eilKiwfs; ,uz;il Kd;nkhopf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 87 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

29. FOf;fw;wy; %yk; khztuplk; tsu;f;ff$; ba Kf;fpa r%fj;jpwd;fs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 30. Njrpa fy;tpf; nfhs;ifnahd;iwj; jahupg;gjd; %yk; ve;j xU ehLk; epiwNtw;wpf;nfhss; vjpu;ghu;f;Fk; r%f vjpu;ghu;g;Gfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (02 × 10 = 20Gs;spfs;) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 88 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

(02) fyt; pr; r%ftpay; - tpdhj;jhs; Ⅱ  xt;nthU gFjpapypUe;Jk; Fiwe;jgl;rk; ,U tpdhff; NsapDk; njupe;njLj;J Ie;J tpdhff; Sf;F tpil vOJf.  xt;nthU tpdhtpdJk; (i),(ii),(iii) Mfpa gFjpfspd; rupahd tpilfSf;F KiwNa 02,04,06 vd;wthW Gs;spfs; toq;fg;gLk;. gFjp Ⅰ 1) egnuhUtu; rKjhaj;jpy; nraYhff; Ks;s eguhf khWtJ r%fkakhfF; k; nraypDhlhfthFk;. i) egu; xUtu; jdJ r%f elj;ijfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhsS; k; gpujhd Kiwfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. ii) njhlu;ghly; Clfq;fs; egiu r%fkakhf;Fk; nraw;ghl;by; Vw;gLj;Jk; rhjfkhdJk;> ghjfkhdJkhd nry;thf;Ffs; ,uz;L tPjk; Fwpg;gpLf. iii) njhlu;ghly; Clfq;fs; %yk; Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w ghjfkhd nry;thfF; fis ,optsthff; tFg;ghrpupau; vd;wtifapy; ePu; gad;gLj;Jk; Kiwfs; %d;iw cjhuzq;fSld; tpsf;Ff. 2) fyhrhuj;ij ,sk;guk;giuapdUf;F ifaspj;jypd; NghJ ghlrhiyf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpw;F Kf;fpa ,lk; cupj;jhfpd;wJ. i) ghlrhiyf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpDhlhf khztUf;F toq;ff;$ba fyhrhug; ngWkhdq;fs; ehd;iff; Fwpg;gpLf. ii) ve;j xU r%fj;jpdJk; fyhrhu khw;wq;fspd; kPJ nry;thfF; nrYj;jf;$ba ehd;F fhuzpfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. iii) Kiwapy;(mwnewp) fiyj;jpl;lj;jpDhlhf fyhrhug; ngWkhdq;fisf; ifaspf;ff;$ba %d;W re;ju;g;gq;fis cjhuzq;fisj;jeJ; tpsf;Ff. 3) ghlrhiy xU Kiwrhuh xOq;fikg;ghapDk; mjpYs;s Kiwrhuhf; FOf;fspd; nry;thf;F gykhdJ. i) ghlrhiyapYs;s Kiwrhuh xOq;fikg;Gfs; ,uz;ilg; ngaupLf. ii) ghlrhiynahd;wpy; Kiwrhuh r%fq;fspdhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; rhjf ghjfkhd nry;thfF; fs; ,t;tpuz;L tjP k; Fwpg;gpLf. iii) Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l ghjfkhd tpisTfis ,optsthff; tFg;ghrpupau; vd;w ujP papy; cq;fspdhy; nraw;gLj;jf;$ba %d;W eilKiwfis cjhuzq;fSld; tpsf;Ff. 4) gy;ypd r%fnkhd;wpy; gu];gu nfsutj;ijAk; el;igAk; tsu;g;gjw;fhf Njrpa fy;tpf;nfhs;ifnahd;iw nraw;gLj;JtJ kpf mtrpakhdjhFk;. i) r%fnkhd;wpy; gy;tifik Vw;gLtijg; gpujpgypfF; k; ,ay;Gfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. ii) gy;ypd r%fnkhd;wpy; Njrpa fy;tpf; nfhs;ifnahd;W ,Uj;jy; Kf;fpakhf miktJ vd;d fhuzq;fspdhy; vd tpsf;f ehd;F tplaq;fisj; jUf. iii) ,yq;ifapy; Njrpa fy;tpf; nfhs;ifnahd;iwj; jahupf;Fk; NghJ ftdj;jpw;nfhss; Ntz;ba tplaq;fs; %di; w cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 89 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

gFjp Ⅱ 5) rpWtu; J\\;gpuNahfkhdJ ehl;by; gps;isfspd; ghJfhg;igg; Nghd;Nw mtu;fsJ tho;f;ifia elhj;Jtjw;Fk; ngUk; mr;RWj;jyhf miktJ. i) rpWtu; J\\;gpuNahfk; vd;gij tpsf;Ff. ii) rpWtu; J\\;gpuNahfj;jpw;F Mshff;$ba re;ju;g;gq;fisAk;mjpy; nry;thfF; nrYj;jf;$ba egu;fs; ahu; vd;gijAk; ,uz;L cjhuzq;fs; je;J tpsf;Ff. iii) rpWtu; J\\;gpuNahfj;jpw;F Mshtij ,optsthf;f tFg;ghrpupau; vd;w tifapy; ePq;fs; gad;gLj;JK; Kiwfs; %d;iw cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. 6) r%f khw;wq;fs; fy;tpapDhlhfg; gpujpgypf;fg;gLjy; kpff; fl;lhakhdjhFk;. i) r%fj;jpd; khWe;jd;ik vd;gijr; RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff. ii) r%fkhw;wq;fspd; NghJ ehl;bd; fy;tpAk; khw;wkiljy; mtrpak; vd;gjw;F ehd;F fhuzq;fis Kdi; tfF; f. iii) jw;fhyj;jpdJk;> vjpu;fhyj;jpdJk; khw;wq;fspw;F Vw;g Mrpupa tfpghfk; khw;wkila Ntz;ba tpjj;ij %d;W cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. 7) “rKjha gy;tifikf;F kjpg;gspj;jy; njhlu;ghd jpwd;fisg; gapw;Wtpj;jy; Muk;gpff; g;glNtz;baJ tFg;giwapDhlhfthFk;.” i) tFg;giwapy; rKjhag;gy;tifik fhzg;gLfpd;wnjd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jf;$ba fhuzq;fs; ,uz;ilg; ngaupLf. ii) rKjhag; gy;tifikf;F kjpg;gspf;Fk; jpwd;fspy; Nju;r;rpailar; nra;ahikahy; rKjhaj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;w gpur;rpidfs; ,uz;il Kd;itff; . iii) rKjhag; gy;tifikf;F kjpg;gspf;Fk; jpwd;fis khztuplk; Vw;gLj;j tFg;ghrpupau; vd;w tifapy; eqP ;fs; gadg; Lj;Jk; Kiwfs; %d;iw cjhuzq;fSld; tpsf;Ff. 8) khztuplk; r%fj;njhlu;Gfis tsu;g;gjw;fhf rfghbfs; fw;wy; Kiw kpfTk; gaDs;sJ. i) rfghbfs; fw;wy; Kiw vd;gij RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff. ii) rfghbfs; fw;wy;Kiwiag; gad;gLj;Jtjdhy; khztuplk; tsu;f;ff;$ba r%fj;jpwd;fs; ehd;if Kdi; tff; . iii) ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLk; NghJ nraw;ghl;il mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l 5E khjpupAU my;yJ Nehff; j;ij mbg;gilahff;nfhz;l khjpupAU Mfpa ,uz;by; xd;iwj; Nju;e;njLj;J NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l r%fj;jpwd;fs; ,uz;il tsuf; ;Fk; tpjj;ij cjhuzq;fspd; JizAld; tpsfF; f. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 90 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

tpilfs; tpdhj;jhs; -Ⅰ 1. FLk;gk; 2. rktaJf;FO 3. r%fkakhd Nrhjid 4. gu];gu 5. Njff; k; 6. irif/cly; 7. fy;tp/fiyj;jpl;lk; 8. fy;tp Kiwik 9. Kiwrhuh 10. tu;f;fk;/tFg;G 11. 04 12. 01 13. 03 14. 02 15. 01 16. 02 17. 03 18. 02 19. 01 20. 04 21.  edT epiy : jdpahs;, FOf;fs; Mfpatw;Wld; njhlu;G nfhs;tjd; %yk; khw;wpaikj;jy;. ( nrhy;ypf; nfhLj;jy;, topfhl;Ljy;)  edtpyp epiy : jdpahs; Vidatuf; Sld; njhlu;G nfhs;tjd; %yk; jd;id xOq;fikj;Jf; nfhs;sy;. (,iaghf;fkiljy;) 22.  cau; njhopiyg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;.  tUkhdk; cau;tiljy;.  r%f mq;fPfhuk; fpilj;jy;.  cau;e;j vjpu;ghu;g;Gff; s; fhzg;gly;.  r%f nghUshjhuk; Nkk;ghliljy; N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 91 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja