Book of abstracts

SERBIA СРБИЈА S S 80 YEARS 1943 2023 Eight decades since the great man deceased 1

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ORGANIZED BY SPONSORED BY TECHNICAL SUPPORT 4 3

PUBLISHED BY ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING INSTITUTE NIKOLA TESLA Joint Stock Company BELGRADE Address: Koste Glavinića 8a, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia, PO Box 139 Switchboard: +381 (0)11 39-52-000 Fax: +381 (0)11 36-90-823 Direct: +381 (0)11 36-90-487 [email protected] https://www.ieent.org/ EDITOR Dr. Jelena Lukić Branka Đurić TECHNICAL SUPPORT & COVER DESIGN Marjan Stojković PRINTED BY GPC – Gra�ičko poslovni centar d.o.o. Beograd Printed in 20 copies CIP - Каталогизација у публикацији Народна библиотека Србије, Београд 621.314.2(048) 621.315.615(048) TESLA Innovation Days (2023 ; Beograd) Book of Abstracts / Теслини иновациони дани, ТИД, 16-18. 05. 2023. године, Београд, Србија ; [у организацији] Електротехнички институт Никола Тесла, Београд = Tesla Innovation Days, TID, May 16th to May 18th 2023, Belgrade, Serbia ; [organized by] Electrical Engineering Institute Nikola Tesla, Belgrade ; [editor Jelena Lukić, Branka Đurić]. - Belgrade : Electrical Engineering Institute Nikola Tesla Joint Stock Company, 2023 (Beograd : GPC - Grafičko poslovni centar). - 29 str. : ilustr. ; 30 cm Tiraž 20. - Bibliografija uz pojedine apstrakte. ISBN 978-86-83349-18-0 а) Трансформатори -- Апстракти б) Уља, трансформаторска -- Апстракти COBISS.SR-ID 118484745 TESLA INNOVATION DAYS – TID 2023 3 https://www.tesla-innovation-days-2023.com/ 4

PROGRAM COUNCIL ͳǤ ”ǤJelena Lukić, Head of the specialized laboratory for testing insulating oils and paper, expert ƒ†˜‹•‘”ǡ …‹‡–‹ˆ‹… ˆ‹‡Ž†ǣ …Š‡‹…ƒŽ ‡‰‹‡‡”‹‰ǡ —””‡– •…‹‡–‹ˆ‹…Ȁ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ‡‰ƒ‰‡‡–ǣ •…‹‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ••‘…‹ƒ–‡ǡ   Ǣ ʹǤ Dr. Žarko Janda, senior research associate, President of the scientific council, Scientific field: ‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ‡‰‹‡‡”‹‰ Ǧ ’‘™‡” ‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…•ǡ        Ǣ ͵Ǥ ”Ǥ ƒ•ƒ”ƒ‰‘•ƒ˜ƒ…ǡ‡•‡ƒ”…Š••‘…‹ƒ–‡ǡ‡ƒ†‘ˆ…‹‡–‹ˆ‹…‡•‡ƒ”…Šǡ…‹‡–‹ˆ‹…ˆ‹‡Ž†ǣ‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ‡‰‹‡‡”‹‰ Ǧ ’‘™‡” ‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…•ǡ —””‡– •…‹‡–‹ˆ‹… Ǧ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ‡‰ƒ‰‡‡–ǣ ‘–”‘Ž ƒ† ƒƒ‰‡‡– ‘ˆ ˜‘Ž–ƒ‰‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ‡–™‘” ƒ† ƒ••‡••‡– ‘ˆ ‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ƒ† –Š‡”ƒŽ ’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’”‘†—…–‹‘ —‹–ǡ         Ǣ ͶǤ Dr. Mileta Žarković, professor and vice dean for cooperation with the economy, …Š‘‘Ž ‘ˆ Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ǡ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ ‡Ž‰”ƒ†‡ǡ ‡ƒ† ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹‰Š ‘Ž–ƒ‰‡ ƒ„‘”ƒ–‘”›ǡ …‹‡–‹ˆ‹… ˆ‹‡Ž†ǣ ‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ‡‰‹‡‡”‹‰ ƒ† …‘’—–‹‰ Ȁ ’‘™‡” •›•–‡•Ǣ …—””‡– •…‹‡–‹ˆ‹… ƒ† ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ‡‰ƒ‰‡‡–ǣ –‡ŽŽ‹‰‡– ‡‡”‰› ‡–™‘”• –  Ǧ ‡––‹‰ —’ ‰”‡‡ ‡‡”‰› ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ‹ ‡”„‹ƒǢ ͷǤ Dr. Jelena Ponoćko, SP Energy Networks (UK), IEEE PES Women in Power, Representative for ‡‰‹‘ ͺ ȋ—”‘’‡ǡ ‹††Ž‡ ƒ•– ƒ† ˆ”‹…ƒȌǢ ‡ƒ† ‰‹‡‡”ǡ …‘––‹•Š ‘™‡” ‡”‰› ‡–™‘”•ǡ Ǣ … ƒ† … ƒ– –Š‡ …Š‘‘Ž ‘ˆ Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ǡ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ ‡Ž‰”ƒ†‡Ǣ Š ƒ– –Š‡ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ ƒ…Š‡•–‡”ǡ ǡ ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‹‡Ž† ‘ˆ ˆŽ‡š‹„Ž‡ …‘•—’–‹‘ ƒƒ‰‡‡– ƒ† –Š‡ ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ”–‹ˆ‹…‹ƒŽ‹–‡ŽŽ‹‰‡…‡ˆ‘”‡Ž‡…–”‹…‹–›…‘•—’–‹‘’”‘ˆ‹Ž‹‰ǡ…‹‡–‹ˆ‹…‡‰ƒ‰‡‡–ǣ ˜‡” ͷͲ ’—„Ž‹•Š‡† ’ƒ’‡”• ƒ† –‡…Š‹…ƒŽ ‘ˆ ”‡’‘”–•ǡ Ž‡ƒ†‹‰ ™‘” ’ƒ…ƒ‰‡• ‹ –Š”‡‡ ‘”‹œ‘ ’”‘Œ‡…–•ǡ…—””‡–Ž›Ž‡ƒ†‹‰–Š‡’”‘Œ‡…–™‹–Š–Š‡‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆƒ…Š‡•–‡”Ǣ ͸Ǥ Nebojša Petrović, Ǥ…Ǥ ‘ˆ Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ǡ †˜‹•‘” ‡‡”ƒŽ ƒƒ‰‡” ‘ˆ   ˆ‘” ‡…Š‹…ƒŽ ƒ† ‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ ‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ǡ ”‡•‹†‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘‹––‡‡ ‘ˆ   ‡”„‹ƒǡ ‡ƒ†‡” ‘ˆ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘”‹‰ ”‘—’ ȋ‡”„‹ƒǡ ‘•‹ƒ Ƭ ‡”œ‡‰‘˜‹ƒǡ ƒ† ‘–‡‡‰”‘Ȍ ‘ ”ƒˆ–‹‰ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ •’‡…–• ‘ˆ –ƒ†ƒ”†  ͷͲ͵Ͷͳ ˜‡”Š‡ƒ† ‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ Ž‹‡• ‡š…‡‡†‹‰  ͳ ǡ  „‡ŠƒŽˆ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •–‹–—–‡ ˆ‘” •–ƒ†ƒ”†‹œƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‡”„‹ƒǡ ‘•‹ƒ ƒ† ‡”œ‡‰‘˜‹ƒ ƒ† ‘–‡‡‰”‘ ʹͲʹͳȀʹͲʹʹȀʹͲʹ͵ǡ …‹‡–‹ˆ‹… ˆ‹‡Ž†ǣ ‡…Š‹…ƒŽ ƒ† –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ•…‹‡…‡•ǡŽ‡…–”‹…ƒŽƒ†…‘’—–‡”‡‰‹‡‡”‹‰Ǣ ͹Ǥ Dr. Vladimir Šiljkut, resear…Š ƒ••‘…‹ƒ–‡ǡ …‹‡–‹ˆ‹… ˆ‹‡Ž†ǣ ‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ‡‰‹‡‡”‹‰ ƒ† ’‘™‡” ‡‰‹‡‡”‹‰ǡƒ†˜‹•‘”–‘–Š‡‰‡‡”ƒŽƒƒ‰‡”‘ˆ ǡ‡”„‹ƒǢ ͺǤ Dr. Radomir Todorović, Director of the EEO maintenance sector at the Technical Center in ǡ …‹‡–‹ˆ‹… ˆ‹‡Ž†ǣ ‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ‡‰‹‡‡”‹‰ Ȁ ’‘™‡” •™‹–…Š‡•ǡ …—””‡– •…‹‡–‹ˆ‹… ƒ† ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ‡‰ƒ‰‡‡–ǣ…‘Ǧƒ—–Š‘”‹—‡”‘—•’ƒ’‡”•Ǥ ORGANIZATION ”ǤJelena Lukić, Branka Đurić, Vladimir Polužanski, Marjan Stojković, Milica Radak, Marina Ivanković 5 5

TABLE OF CONTENT PROGRAM COUNCIL.......................................................................................................................................................... 5 TABLE OF CONTENT .......................................................................................................................................................... 6 INVITED LECTURES ............................................................................................................................................................ 7 Advanced oil testing techniques in corrosive sulphur risk assessment & innovative technology in PT risk mitigation and life extension.............................................................................................................................................................. 7 Dr. Jelena Lukid, Electrical Engineering Institute Nikola Tesla, Serbia ...................................................................... 7 Jelena Jankovid, Electrical Engineering Institute Nikola Tesla, Serbia ...................................................................... 7 On Alternative Liquids in Power Transformers: Approval & Application ....................................................................... 10 Dejan Vukovid, Hitachi Energy, Bad Honnef, Germany........................................................................................... 10 Ahmed Gamil, Hitachi Energy, Bad Honnef, Germany............................................................................................ 10 Dielectric Breakdown Phenomena of Conventional and ‘New’ Transformer Liquids .................................................... 12 Prof. Dr. Qiang Liu, Reader in Power System Plant and Head of High Voltage Research Group, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom ................................................................................................................................. 12 Developing algorithms to estimate transformer life: is it a maths- or a physics-based process?.................................. 14 Dr. Shanika Matharage, Exeter University, United Kingdom.................................................................................. 14 Advanced transformer thermal design and thermal modeling in transformer grid operation...................................... 16 Prof. Dr. Zoran Radakovid, University of Belgrade, School of Electrical Engineering, Serbia ................................. 16 Cellulosic materials and new testing techniques - HPSEC determination of cellulose molecular weight..................... 18 Prof. Dr. Gérard Mortha, Grenoble-INP, LGP2 Laboratory, University of Grenoble-Alpes (UGA), France ............. 18 The exploitation of optical fibre-based plasmonic sensors for rapid analysis of power transformers insulating oils ... 21 Letizia De Maria, RSE, Italy...................................................................................................................................... 21 Mineral oil and esters: Review on DGA interpretation criteria and related mechanism of gas formation.................... 22 Fabio Scatiggio, A&A Fratelli Parodi, Italy............................................................................................................... 22 Insulating oil life cycle: A utility’s experience ................................................................................................................. 24 AE Lombard, Eskom Holdings (SOC), South Africa.................................................................................................. 24 Stray Gassing of Insulating oils- Transformer condition assessment tool ...................................................................... 26 Anabela Peixoto, EDP Labelec, Portugal ................................................................................................................. 26 Women in Power ............................................................................................................................................................ 28 Dr. Jelena Ponodko, Scottish Power Energy Networks, United Kingdom ............................................................... 28 Monitoring & Diagnostic Center (MDC).......................................................................................................................... 29 Milan Đorđevid, JSC EPS, Serbia .............................................................................................................................. 29 6 6

INVITED LECTURES SHORT ABSTRACTS Advanced oil testing techniques in corrosive sulphur risk assessment & innovative technology in PT risk mitigation and life extension  Dr. Jelena Lukić, Electrical Engineering Institute Nikola Tesla, Serbia Jelena Janković, Electrical Engineering Institute Nikola Tesla, Serbia  ‡ƒ†• ‘˜‡” Žƒ•– ˆ‡™ †‡…ƒ†‡• ‘ Š‹‰Š “—ƒŽ‹–› ƒ† Ž‘‰‡˜‹–› ‘ˆ ‹•—Žƒ–‹‰ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ• ˆ‘” ’‘™‡” –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”• ȋȌ ƒ† •—•–ƒ‹ƒ„Ž‡ ƒ† ”‡•‹Ž‹‡– ‡Ž‡…–”‹…‹–› •—’’Ž›ǡ –‘‰‡–Š‡” ™‹–Š ”‡“—‡•–• –‘ †‡…”‡ƒ•‡ …ƒ”„‘ ˆ‘‘–’”‹–• ƒ† ‹’”‘˜‡ ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ ‹’ƒ…–ǡ Šƒ˜‡ …ƒ—•‡† ‡š–‡•‹˜‡ …Šƒ‰‡• ‹ –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡• ‘ˆ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ• ’”‘†—…–‹‘ ƒ† –Š‡‹” ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ…‡Ǥ ”‘„Ž‡ ™‹–Š •—Ž’Š—” …‘””‘•‹‘ ‹ ‹‡”ƒŽ ‘‹Ž• ƒ’’‡ƒ”‡† ‹ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ˆ‘”• ‘˜‡” –Š‡ Žƒ•– –™‘ †‡…ƒ†‡•ǡ …ƒ—•‹‰  ˆƒ‹Ž—”‡•Ǥ – ˆ‹”•–ǡ …‘’’‡” …‘””‘•‹‘ ™ƒ• ‘„•‡”˜‡†ǡ „—– Žƒ–‡” ‘ǡ •‹Ž˜‡” …‘””‘•‹‘ ‡˜‡ ‘”‡ †‡–”‹‡–ƒŽ ˆ‘”  ˆƒ‹Ž—”‡Ǥ –ƒ–‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ”– ‹–‹‰ƒ–‹‘ –‡…Š‹“—‡• Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ’ƒ”–‹ƒŽŽ› •—……‡••ˆ—Ž ƒ† ‹ •‘‡ ’ƒ”– ‡˜‡ …ƒ—•‡† ˆƒ‹Ž—”‡• ‘ˆ Ǥ ‘˜‡–‹‘ƒŽ –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡•ǡ ‘‹Ž ”‡‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š ”‡ƒ…–‹˜ƒ–‹‰ƒ†•‘”„‡–•…ƒ„‡–Š‡”‘‘–…ƒ—•‡‘ˆ–™‘•‡”‹‘—•Šƒœƒ”†•ǣƒ‹”’‘ŽŽ—–‹‘‹ˆ–”‡ƒ–‡–‘ˆ‘ˆ”‡‡ ‘‹Ž• ‹• †‘‡ ƒ† …”‡ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‡Ž‡‡–ƒŽ •—Ž’Š—”ǡ —™ƒ–‡† …‘–ƒ‹ƒ– …ƒ—•‹‰ ˆƒ‹Ž—”‡ ‘ˆ Ǥ ‘˜‡–‹‘ƒŽ ‹•—Žƒ–‹‰Ž‹“—‹†•”‡Ǧ”‡ˆ‹‹‰ƒ†”‡…›…Ž‹‰ƒ”‡…ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‹‰‹–‡”•‘ˆƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‰”‡‡–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡•–‘ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ †‡ƒ†• ƒ†  †‹”‡…–‹˜‡• ȋ ”‡‡ ‡ƒŽȌ –‘ ”‡†—…‡ …ƒ”„‘ ˆ‘‘–’”‹–• ˆ‘” ‰”‡‡ ‡‡”‰›Ǥ ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ „‹‘†‡‰”ƒ†ƒ„Ž‡ ƒ–—”ƒŽ ‡•–‡” ‹•—Žƒ–‹‰ Ž‹“—‹†• ‹• ™‡Ž…‘‡† ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ ’‘‹– ‘ˆ ˜‹‡™ǡ „—– ƒŽ•‘ ‹–• ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘ ˆƒ…‡• ƒ —„‡” ‘ˆ …ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡• ‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘ –‘ –Š‡ ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† •—•–ƒ‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›Ǥ Š‹• ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ ƒ––‡’–•–‘Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘•–•‡”‹‘—•’”‘„Ž‡•‡…‘—–‡”‡†™‹–Š…‘˜‡–‹‘ƒŽ‹‡”ƒŽ‹•—Žƒ–‹‰‘‹Ž•ǡ •—Ž’Š—” …‘””‘•‹‘ ‡†ƒ‰‡”‹‰ –Š‡ ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ Ǥ – ™‹ŽŽ ƒ†”‡•• ƒ’’‘”‘…Š‡• ‹ …‘’’‡” ƒ† •‹Ž˜‡” …‘””‘•‹‘ ”‹• ƒ••‡••‡– ƒ† ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡ ‹–‹‰ƒ–‹‘ –‡…Š‹“—‡•Ǥ ‹–Š –Š‡ ƒ‹ –‘ ‹’”‘˜‡ •‹Ž˜‡” …‘””‘•‹‘ ”‹• ƒ••‡••‡–ǡ ‡™ –‡•–‹‰ –‡…Š‹“—‡ Šƒ• „‡‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† ‹ –Š‡ •–‹–—–‡ ™Š‹…Š ’”‘˜‹†‡• —’‰”ƒ†‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡š‹•–‹‰ •–ƒ†ƒ”†•ǡ  ͷͳ͵ͷ͵ ƒ†   ͳʹ͹ͷǤ ‘–ƒ‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ  ™‹–Š ‡Ž‡‡–ƒŽ •—Ž’Š—”ǡ ƒ• ƒ‹ 7 7

†”ƒ™„ƒ… ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ”‡ƒ…–‹˜ƒ–‹‰ ƒ†•‘”„‡– –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰› ƒ’’Ž‹‡† ‹ ‘‹Ž ”‡‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ”‡‘˜ƒŽ ‘ˆ …‘””‘•‹˜‡ •—Ž’Š—” ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ƒ††”‡••‡†ǡ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• ’”‘„Ž‡ ‘ˆ ƒ‹” ’‘ŽŽ—–‹‘ ƒ• ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ •‹†‡ ‡ˆˆ‡…– ‘ˆ –Š‹• –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰›Ǥ ƒ‹‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ ’”‘„Ž‡ ™‹–Š ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘‹Ž ”‡‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š ”‡ƒ…–‹˜ƒ–‹‰ ƒ†•‘”„‡–• ‹• Š‹‰Š –‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡ ‘‹Ž „—”‹‰ –Šƒ– …ƒ …”‡ƒ–‡ –‘š‹… ‡‹••‹‘• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‘„‹Ž‡ ’Žƒ–•ǡ ‹ˆ –Š‡ ‘‹Ž ™Š‹…Š Šƒ• —†‡”‰‘‡ ‘‹Ž ”‡‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ …‘–ƒ‹• ‡˜‡ ‹—–‡ …‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ  ȋˆ”‘ ͷ –‘ ͷͲ ‰Ȁ‰ȌǤ Š‹• ’”‘…‡•• –Šƒ‹†—…‡‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡‹’ƒ…–‘–Š‡‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒ†…ƒ—•‡‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ”‹•‘ˆˆƒ‹Ž—”‡†—‡–‘‡Ž‡‡–ƒŽ•—Ž’Š—” ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‘Ž—–‹‘ –‘ –Š‹• ’”‘„Ž‡ ‹• ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ Ž‘™ –‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡ ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽŽ› ˆ”‹‡†Ž› ‘‹Ž –”‡ƒ–‡– –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰› ˆ‘” …‘’Ž‡–‡ ‘‹Ž ”‡Ǧ”‡ˆ‹‹‰Ȁ”‡…›…Ž‹‰ǡ ”‡‘˜ƒŽ ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ …‘””‘•‹˜‡ •—Ž’Š—” •’‡…‹‡•ǡ  ƒ† ‘‹Ž ƒ‰‡‹‰ ’”‘†—…–• ȋ͵ ȌǤ ‡…Š‘Ž‘‰› ‹• †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† ‹ –Š‡ •–‹–—–‡ ƒ† ‹– ‹• †‡•‹‰‡† ˆ‘” ‘Ǧ•‹–‡ ƒ† ‘ˆˆǦ•‹–‡ ‘‹Ž ”‡Ǧ ”‡ˆ‹‹‰ǡ ”‡‘˜ƒŽ ‘ˆ ǡ  ƒ† ‘–Š‡” ”‡ƒ…–‹˜‡ †‹•—Ž’Š‹†‡• „‡Ž‘™ ʹ ’’ ƒ† ‡Ž‡‡–ƒŽ •—Ž’Š—” „‡Ž‘™ ͲǤͷ ’’ǡŠƒ˜‹‰”‡ˆ‹‡†‘‹Ž’”‘’‡”–‹‡•”‡•–‘”‡†–‘ƒ•‡™…‘†‹–‹‘Ǥ  Jelena Lukićǡ Š ‹ Š‡‹…ƒŽ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ Šƒ• „‡‡  ‡’Ž‘›‡† ƒ– Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ •–‹–—–‡ ‹‘Žƒ ‡•Žƒǡ  ‡Ž‰”ƒ†‡ǡ ‡”„‹ƒ •‹…‡ ͳͻͻ͸Ǥ Š‡ Š‘Ž†• –Š‡ ’‘•‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ Š‡ƒ† ‘ˆ ƒ •’‡…‹ƒŽ‹œ‡† Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‘”› ˆ‘” ‘‹Ž ƒ† ’ƒ’‡” ‹•—Žƒ–‹‘ –‡•–‹‰ǡ  ƒ……”‡†‹–‡† ƒ……‘”†‹‰ –‘  ͳ͹ͲʹͷǤ ‡” ˆ‹‡Ž† ‘ˆ ‡š’‡”–‹•‡ ‹• ‹•—Žƒ–‹‰ ‘‹Ž ƒ† ’ƒ’‡” ƒƒŽ›•‡• ƒ† ’‘™‡” –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•  …‘†‹–‹‘ ƒ••‡••‡–ǡ ‹•—Žƒ–‹‰ ‘‹Ž ƒ† …‡ŽŽ—Ž‘•‡ ƒ‰‡‹‰ǡ ‘™Ǧ  Š‘™‹‘‹Ž–”‡ƒ–‡–’”‘…‡••‡•ˆ‘”–Š‡”‡‘˜ƒŽ‘ˆ…‘””‘•‹˜‡•—Žˆ—”  ƒ†  ƒ† Š‘Ž†• –™‘ ”‡‰‹•–‡”‡† ’ƒ–‡–• ‹ –Š‹• ˆ‹‡Ž†Ǥ Š‡ Šƒ•  ’—„Ž‹•Š‡† ͻʹ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ƒ† –‡…Š‹…ƒŽ ’ƒ’‡”• ƒ† Šƒ• „‡‡ ƒ  ’”‘Œ‡…– Ž‡ƒ†‡” ‘ˆ ‘”‡ –Šƒ ʹͲ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ’”‘Œ‡…–• ‹ –Š‡ –‘’‹…•  ‡–‹‘‡† ƒ„‘˜‡Ǥ ‡Ž‡ƒ Šƒ• „‡‡ ƒ ‡„‡” ‹ ‘”‡ –Šƒ ʹͲ  CIGRE SC D1, SC A2 and IEC TC 10 WG’s over the past two †‡…ƒ†‡•Ǥ Š‡ ‹• …—””‡–Ž› …‘˜‡‡” ‘ˆ     ͳǤ͹͸ǣ ‡•–• ˆ‘”  –Š‡ ˜‡”‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ “—ƒŽ‹–› ƒ† ƒ‰‡‹‰ ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ…‡ ‘ˆ …‡ŽŽ—Ž‘•‡ ‹•—Žƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘” ’‘™‡” –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•Ǥ  ‡Ž‡ƒ —‹… ‹• ƒ †‡Ž‡‰ƒ–‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡‡”„‹ƒƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘‹––‡‡‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ‡…–”‘Ǧ–‡…Š‹…ƒŽ ‘‹––‡‡ ‡…Š‹…ƒŽ ‘‹––‡‡ ͳͲ ȋ  ͳͲȌ – Ž—‹†• ˆ‘” Ž‡…–”‘Ǧ–‡…Š‹…ƒŽ ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘•ǡ ‡”„‹ƒ  ‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ ‹    ʹǦ”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”• ƒ†   ͳͲ ‹ƒ‹•‘ ‘Ǧ‘ˆˆ‹…‡” ‘ˆ  ʹǤ 8 8

Jelena Jankovićǡ Ǥ…Ǥ ‹ …Š‡‹…ƒŽ ‡‰‹‡‡”‹‰ǡ Šƒ• „‡‡ ™‘”‹‰ ‹ Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ •–‹–—–‡ ‹‘Žƒ ‡•Žƒ ˆ”‘ ʹͲͲͻǤŠ‡™‘”•‹•’‡…‹ƒŽ‹œ‡†Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‘”›ˆ‘” ‹‡”ƒŽ‹•—Žƒ–‹‰ ‘‹Žƒ†’ƒ’‡”–‡•–‹‰ǡ‹ƒ’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆƒ••‘…‹ƒ–‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡‰‹‡‡” ƒ† †‡’—–› Š‡ƒ† ‘ˆ –Š‡ •’‡…‹ƒŽ‹œ‡† Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‘”›Ǥ ‡” ƒ‹ ˆ‹‡Ž† ‘ˆ ™‘” ‹• ‘‹Ž ƒ† ’ƒ’‡” ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǡ ’‘™‡” –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”• …‘†‹–‹‘ ƒ••‡••‡– ƒ† ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• ‘ˆ ‘‹Ž ”‡Ǧ”‡ˆ‹‹‰ ƒ† ”‡…Žƒƒ–‹‘ ’”‘…‡•• ‹ ‘”†‡” –‘ ”‡‘˜‡ …‘””‘•‹˜‡ •—Žˆ—” …‘’‘—†•ƒ†ƒ‰‡‹‰’”‘†—…–•ˆ”‘–Š‡‹‡”ƒŽ‘‹Ž•ǤŠ‡‹•‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹˜‡–‘”• ‘ˆ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ”‡‰‹•–‡”‡† ’ƒ–‡– ʹͲͳͻǡ ˆ‘” ”‡‘˜ƒŽ ‘ˆ •—Ž’Š—” …‘’‘—†• …‘””‘•‹˜‡ –‘ •‹Ž˜‡” ˆ”‘ ‹‡”ƒŽ transformer oils. Jelena Janković is a member of IEC TC 10 MT 43  ˆ‘” ‡˜‹•‹‘ ‘ˆ  ͸Ͳ͸͸͸ Ǧ ‡–‡…–‹‘ ƒ† †‡–‡”‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ •’‡…‹ˆ‹‡† ƒ††‹–‹˜‡• ‹ ‹‡”ƒŽ ‹•—Žƒ–‹‰ ‘‹Ž•Ǥ Š‡ ‹• ƒ ‡„‡” ‘ˆ ‡”„‹ƒ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘‹––‡‡    ʹ – ”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”• ƒ† ƒ ‡„‡” ‘ˆ ‡…Š‹…ƒŽ ‘‹––‡‡  ͲͳͲ Ǧ Ž—‹†• ˆ‘” ‡Ž‡…–”‘–‡…Š‹…ƒŽ ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ •–‹–—–‡ ˆ‘” –ƒ†ƒ”†‹œƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‡”„‹ƒǤ Š‡ ‹• ’—”•—‹‰ ƒ Š ƒ– –Š‡ ƒ…—Ž–› ‘ˆ ‡…Š‘Ž‘‰› ƒ† ‡–ƒŽŽ—”‰›ǡ‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ‡Ž‰”ƒ†‡Ǥ 9 9

On Alternative Liquids in Power Transformers: Approval & Application Dejan Vuković, Hitachi Energy, Bad Honnef, Germany Ahmed Gamil, Hitachi Energy, Bad Honnef, Germany   Š‡ —•‡ ‘ˆ ‹‡”ƒŽ ‘‹Ž ‹ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡” –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰› Šƒ• ’”‘˜‡† ‘˜‡” †‡…ƒ†‡• –Š‡ ”‡Ž‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ…‡ ”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ –™‘ ƒ‹ ˆ—…–‹‘•ǡ †‹‡Ž‡…–”‹… ƒ† …‘‘Ž‹‰Ǥ ‹–Š ‰Ž‘„ƒŽŽ› ‹…”‡ƒ•‡† •—•–ƒ‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ƒ™ƒ”‡‡••ǡ ‹– „‡…ƒ‡ …Ž‡ƒ” –Šƒ– –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡” –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰› …ƒ „‡ ‹’”‘˜‡† —•‹‰ ”‡…›…Žƒ„Ž‡ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ• ƒ† ƒ’’Ž›‹‰ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ Ž‹“—‹†•ǡ ™Š‹…Š ƒ”‡ „‹‘†‡‰”ƒ†ƒ„Ž‡ǡ ”‡…›…Žƒ„Ž‡ ƒ† ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽŽ›•ƒˆ‡Ǥ ‡ˆ‘”‡ •–ƒ”–‹‰ –‘ —•‡ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ Ž‹“—‹†• ‹ ’‘™‡” –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•ǡ ‡‹–Š‡” „› ”‡–”‘Ǧˆ‹ŽŽ‹‰ ‘ˆ ‡š‹•–‹‰ —‹–• ‘” ƒ‹‰ ‡™ †‡•‹‰ǡ …‡”–ƒ‹ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘• ‘ –Š‡ †‹‡Ž‡…–”‹…ǡ –Š‡”ƒŽ ƒ† ‘–Š‡” ’”‘’‡”–‹‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ Ž‹“—‹†• ‡‡† –‘ „‡ †‘‡Ǥ ‹ˆˆ‡”‡– –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡” ’”‘†—…–• ƒ› Šƒ˜‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘”‡“—‹”‡‡–•ƒ†–Š‹•Šƒ•–‘„‡”‡ˆŽ‡…–‡†‹–‘Ž‹“—‹†’”‘’‡”–‹‡•Ǥˆ–‡ǡ‡š‹•–‹‰‹‡”ƒŽ‘‹Ž „ƒ•‡††‡•‹‰”—Ž‡•‡‡†–‘„‡…Šƒ‰‡†ƒ†ƒ†‘’–‡†–‘Ž‹“—‹†’”‘’‡”–‹‡•ǤŠ‡’”ƒ…–‹…‡Šƒ••Š‘™‡†–Šƒ– ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‹•—Žƒ–‹‰ Ž‹“—‹†• ‘ˆ–‡ Šƒ˜‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– †‹‡Ž‡…–”‹… ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ…‡ǡ ‘”‡ ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”Ž› –Š‡ †‹•…Šƒ”‰‡„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ȋ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ†’”‘’ƒ‰ƒ–‹‘Ȍ‹•†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Ǥ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ–Š‡…‘‘Ž‹‰’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ…‡‘ˆ–Š‡ Ž‹“—‹† ‹ …‘„‹ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š –Š‡ †‡•‹‰‡† …‘‘Ž‹‰ •›•–‡ —•– „‡ …Š‡…‡† –‘ ‡•—”‡ ‘ ‡š…‡‡†‹‰ ‘ˆ ™‹†‹‰ Š‘–•’‘– ƒ† Ž‹“—‹† –‘’ –‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡ Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ Ž•‘ǡ †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ’”‘†—…–‹‘ ’”‘…‡••ǡ –Š‡ ˆ‹ŽŽ‹‰’”‘…‡••ƒ†–”‡ƒ–‡–’Žƒ–‡‡†–‘„‡ƒ†ƒ’–‡†–‘ƒƒ‰‡–Š‡‡™Ž‹“—‹†Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡‘–Š‡”–‡•–• ”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘–Š‡ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ—•‡†ƒ†–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”…‘’‘‡–• ™‹–Š”‡•’‡…––‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•ƒ†–Š‡‹”‡š’‡…–‡†Ž‹ˆ‡–‹‡Ǥ‘’ƒ–‹„‹Ž‹–›ƒ†ƒ‰‹‰–‡•–ƒ”‡ •‡––Ž‡† ™‡ŽŽ ‹ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ •–ƒ†ƒ”†• ˆ‘” ‹‡”ƒŽ ‘‹Žǡ ™Š‹Ž‡ –Š‡”‡ ‹• ‘– ›‡– ƒ …Ž‡ƒ” ‰—‹†ƒ…‡ ™Š‡ —•‹‰ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ Ž‹“—‹†•Ǥ Š‡ …Š‡‹…ƒŽƒ† ’Š›•‹…ƒŽ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡• „‡–™‡‡ ‹‡”ƒŽ ‘‹Ž ƒ†ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ Ž‹“—‹†•Ž‡ƒ†–‘‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡‹ˆ–Š‡…—””‡– ”—Ž‡ˆ‘”ƒ‰‹‰ƒ†…‘’ƒ–‹„‹Ž‹–›–‡•–• ‹• •—‹–ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ƒ’’”‘˜‡ –Š‡‡™Ž‹“—‹†ˆ‘”–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ Š‡”‡ ‹• …Ž‡ƒ” ‡‡† –‘ ˆ—”–Š‡” †‡˜‡Ž‘’ Ž‹“—‹† –‡•– ‡–Š‘†• ‹ ‘”†‡” –‘ …‘˜‡” ƒŽŽ ƒ•’‡…–• ‘ˆ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡””‡“—‹”‡‡–•ǡŠƒ˜‹‰‹‹†ƒŽ•‘•‘‡Ž‹“—‹†’”‘’‡”–‹‡•–Šƒ–Šƒ˜‡‘–„‡‡‹ˆ‘…—•ˆ‘” ‹‡”ƒŽ ‘‹Žƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘ǤŠ‡ „‹‰‰‡•–…ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡‹• –Š‡ –‹‡…‘•—‡††—”‹‰’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ…‡˜‡”‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† –Š‡ †‡…‹•‹‘ ˆ‘” ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘ǡ ™Š‹Ž‡ –Š‡ ƒ”‡– ‹• ”‡…‡‹˜‹‰ …‘–‹—‘—•Ž› ‡™ Ž‹“—‹†• ’”‘‹•‹‰ Ž‘™‡” ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ ‹’ƒ…–Ǥ Š‹• …‘–”‹„—–‹‘ •‡–• –Š‡ ˆ‘…—• ‘ –Š‹• …ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡ ‹ Š‘™ –‘ ‰ƒ‹ –Š‡ ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•ƒ†ƒ˜‘‹††‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•Ǥ  10 10

Dejan Vukovićǡ Ǥ…Ǥ †‡‰”‡‡ ‹ Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ǡ Šƒ• ͳͺ ›‡ƒ”•‘ˆ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡‹Ƭ‘ˆ‘™‡””ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•Ǥ‹…‡ʹͲͳʹ‹•ƒ’ƒ”– ‘ˆ ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ Ƭ –‡ƒ ƒ– ‹–ƒ…Š‹ ‡”‰› ȋˆ‘”‡” Ȍǡ Ž‘…ƒ–‡† ‹ ƒ† ‘‡ˆǡ ‡”ƒ› ƒ† …—””‡–Ž› ‹ ƒ ”‘Ž‡ ‘ˆ Ƭ ”‘‰”ƒ ƒƒ‰‡” – ƒˆ‡ Ƭ …‘Ǥ ‘‡ ‘ˆ ‡š’‡”–‹•‡ ƒ”‡ƒ• ƒ”‡ †‹‡Ž‡…–”‹… †‡•‹‰ ”—Ž‡• ˆ‘” ’‘™‡” –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•ǡ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‹•—Žƒ–‹‰ Ž‹“—‹†• ƒ† –‡•– ˆƒ‹Ž—”‡ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ ‡ ‹• ƒ ƒ…–‹˜‡ ‡„‡” ‘ˆ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ  ͳͲ ƬͳͶ ƒ†   ʹ Ƭ ͳ ™‘”‹‰ ‰”‘—’• ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• ‹    ƒ†  ”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•‘‹––‡‡Ǥ—–Š‘”‘ˆ—‡”‘—•‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ…‘ˆ‡”‡…‡ ƬŒ‘—”ƒŽ’—„Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ  Ahmed Gamil ”‡…‡‹˜‡† Š‹• Ǥ…Ǥ †‡‰”‡‡ ˆ”‘  ƒ…Š‡ǡ ‡”ƒ› ‹ ʹͲͲͶ ȋ‹‰Š ‘Ž–ƒ‰‡ ‡…Š‘Ž‘‰›ȌǤ Š‡† ™‘”‡† ’”‡˜‹‘—•Ž› ƒ– ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ ”Žƒ‰‡ ȋ ǡ Ȍ ƒ• •…‹‡–‹ˆ‹… ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ƒ••‹•–ƒ…‡ ˆ‘” –Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒŽ ’”‘–‡…–‹‘ •›•–‡• „‡ˆ‘”‡ Œ‘‹‹‰  Ǧ ”‘—’Ǥ  ʹͲͳͲ Š‡ Œ‘‹‡†   ‹ ‡‰‡•„—”‰ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ƒ‹ ‘ˆ „—‹Ž†‹‰ –Š‡ Ƭ ‡’ƒ”–‡–ˆ”‘ƒ–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰›ƒ†ƒƒ‰‡‡–’‘‹–‘ˆ˜‹‡™Ǥ –Š‡ Žƒ•– ›‡ƒ”• ƒ• Š‡ƒ† ‘ˆ Ƭǡ Š‡ …‘–”‹„—–‡† „› †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ’—„Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘• –‘ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡” †‡•‹‰ ‘’–‹‹œƒ–‹‘ –Š”‘—‰Š ‹’”‘˜‡‡–• ‹ Ž‘••‡•ǡ ‘‹•‡ǡ –Š‡”ƒŽ ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ…‡ǡ ƒ† †‹‡Ž‡…–”‹… „‡Šƒ˜‹‘—” ‘ˆ ’‘™‡” –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”• ‹…Ž—†‹‰ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‹•—Žƒ–‹‘ Ž‹“—‹†•Ǥ ‹• Œ‘—”‡› ƒ–   ‡†•‹…–ǤʹͲʹʹ–‘•–ƒ”–ƒ‡™‘‡ƒ–‹–ƒ…Š‹‡”‰›ƒ•̶‘ƒ‹ š’‡”– ˆ‘” Ž–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‹“—‹†•̶ ˆ”‘ ‘˜Ǥ ʹͲʹʹǤ ‹• ˆ‘…—• ‹• –‘ ‹’”‘˜‡ –‡•–‹‰ ’”‘…‡†—”‡ ‘ˆ ‹•—Žƒ–‹‘ Ž‹“—‹†• ˆ‘” ƒ‰‹‰ ƒ† …‘’ƒ–‹„‹Ž‹–› ƒ† ‹–”‘†—…‡ ƒ ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘ ‰—‹†‡Ž‹‡ ˆ‘” ’‘™‡” –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”—†‡”‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ•–”‡••‡•ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ…‘Ž†…Ž‹ƒ–‡ȌǤ‹• ‘˜‡Ž ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š –‘ †‡–‡”‹‡ ‰‡‘‡–”‹…ƒŽŽ› –Š‡ ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ ‘‹Ž –‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡ ”‹•‡ ȋ Ǧ’’”‘ƒ…ŠȌ ™ƒ• ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡ƒ•‘• ˆ‘” Š‹• ‘‹ƒ–‹‘‹̶ƒŽŽˆ‘”š’‡”–•̶ƒ•ƒ‡„‡”‘ˆ͸ͲͲ͹͸Ǧʹ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ”‡˜‹•‹‘ ‘ˆ  ͸ͲͲ͹͸ǦʹǦʹͲͳͳǤ Š‡† ‹• ‘‹ƒ–‡† –‘ „‡ ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ—–Š‘”• ‘ˆ ƒ ‡™   ”‡‡ ‘‘ ˆ‘” ̶”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡” ‹ˆ‡ƒƒ‰‡‡–̶ƒ†‡Ž‡…–‡†–‘„‡–Š‡…Šƒ‹”ƒ‘ˆ–ƒ•ˆ‘”…‡‘ “Insulation Liquid Thermal Class” in IEEE C57.154.     11

Dielectric Breakdown Phenomena of Conventional and ‘New’ Transformer Liquids Prof. Dr. Qiang Liu, Reader in Power System Plant and Head of High Voltage Research Group, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom  Š‡ ‹˜‡–‹‘‘ˆ’‘™‡”–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•‹–Š‡ Žƒ–‡ ͳͻ–Š…‡–—”›‡ƒ„Ž‡†–Š‡ Ž‘‰Ǧ†‹•–ƒ…‡ „—Ž –”ƒ•‹••‹‘ ‘ˆ ‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ’‘™‡” –Š”‘—‰Š  ’‘™‡” ‡–™‘”•Ǥ Ž–Š‘—‰Š –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ †”›Ǧ–›’‡ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”• ƒ† ‰ƒ•Ǧ‹•—Žƒ–‡† –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•ǡ –Š‡ ƒŒ‘”‹–› ‘ˆ ’‘™‡” –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”• —•‡† ‹ –Š‡ ’‘™‡” ‡–™‘”•ƒ”‡Ž‹“—‹†‹‡”•‡†ǡ™Š‡”‡Ž‹“—‹†Ǧ•‘Ž‹†…‘’‘•‹–‡‹•—Žƒ–‹‘•›•–‡•ƒ”‡ƒ†‘’–‡†Ǥ‹‡”ƒŽ ‘‹Ž•ǡƒ•ƒ…‘˜‡–‹‘ƒŽ‹•—Žƒ–‹‰Ž‹“—‹†‘’–‹‘ǡŠƒ˜‡„‡‡™‹†‡Ž›—•‡†‹’‘™‡”–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•ˆ‘”‘˜‡” a century. In the past decades, a variety of ‘new’ transformer liquids including natural and synthetic ‡•–‡”Ž‹“—‹†•ǡ‰ƒ•Ǧ–‘ǦŽ‹“—‹†ȋ Ȍ‘‹Ž•ǡ„‹‘†‡‰”ƒ†ƒ„Ž‡Š›†”‘…ƒ”„‘Ž‹“—‹†•Šƒ˜‡‡‡”‰‡†‹–Š‡ƒ”‡–ǡ ƒ† –Š‡› ƒŽŽ ’‘••‡•• …‡”–ƒ‹ ‹’”‘˜‡† ’”‘’‡”–‹‡•ǡ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ„‹‘†‡‰”ƒ†ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ǡ ˆ‹”‡ •ƒˆ‡–›ǡ’—”‹–› ƒ† •‘ ‘Ǥ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡‘ˆ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”‹•—Žƒ–‹‘†‡•‹‰Šƒ•„‡‡ƒ……——Žƒ–‡†ƒ‹Ž›„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡‡š’‡”‹‡…‡‘ˆ —•‹‰‹‡”ƒŽ‘‹Ž•ǡ™Š‹…Šƒ›‘–„‡”‡ƒ†‹Ž›ƒ’’Ž‹ƒ„Ž‡ˆ‘”–Š‡•‡‡™Ž‹“—‹†•Ǥ Š‹• Ž‡…–—”‡ ™‹ŽŽ ˆ‹”•– ‹–”‘†—…‡ –Š‡ ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ „”‡ƒ†‘™ ‡…Šƒ‹•• ‘ˆ †‹‡Ž‡…–”‹… Ž‹“—‹†•Ǥ –”‡ƒ‡”‹•ƒ™‹†‡Ž›ƒ……‡’–‡†–‡”—•‡†–‘†‡•…”‹„‡–Š‡’”‡Ǧ„”‡ƒ†‘™’”‘…‡••‹Ž‹“—‹†•ǤŠ‡„ƒ•‹… …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…•‘ˆ•–”‡ƒ‡”‹Ž‹“—‹†•™‹ŽŽ„‡‹–”‘†—…‡†ǡ™‹–Š‘”‡†‡–ƒ‹Ž•…ƒ„‡ˆ‘—†‹ƒ”‡…‡–Ž› ’—„Ž‹•Š‡† –‡…Š‹…ƒŽ„”‘…Š—”‡ȏͳȐǤ‹‡Ž‡…–”‹…„”‡ƒ†‘™•‹–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”Ž‹“—‹†•…ƒ„‡„”‘ƒ†Ž› ‰”‘—’‡† ‹–‘ •–”‡ƒ‡” ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹‘ …‘–”‘ŽŽ‡† „”‡ƒ†‘™ ƒ† •–”‡ƒ‡” ’”‘’ƒ‰ƒ–‹‘ …‘–”‘ŽŽ‡† „”‡ƒ†‘™ǤŠ‡ˆ‘”‡”‹•†‘‹ƒ–‹‰„”‡ƒ†‘™•—†‡”—‹ˆ‘”ˆ‹‡Ž†™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡Žƒ––‡”‹•†‘‹ƒ–‹‰ „”‡ƒ†‘™•—†‡”†‹˜‡”‰‡–ˆ‹‡Ž†Ǥ‘•–‘ˆ–Š‡’”‡˜‹‘—•„”‡ƒ†‘™•–—†‹‡•Šƒ˜‡ˆ‘…—•‡†‘‡‹–Š‡”–Š‡ —‹ˆ‘” ˆ‹‡Ž† ‘” –Š‡ †‹˜‡”‰‡– ˆ‹‡Ž†Ǥ Š‡”‡ ‹• ƒ Žƒ… ‘ˆ •–—†‹‡• …‘•‹†‡”‹‰ –Š‡ ‘†‡”ƒ–‡Ž›Ǧ—‹ˆ‘” ˆ‹‡Ž†•ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ–Š‹•Ž‡…–—”‡™‹ŽŽ–Š‡’ƒ›ƒ––‡–‹‘–‘–Š‡‘†‡”ƒ–‡Ž›Ǧ—‹ˆ‘”ˆ‹‡Ž†•ƒ†‹˜‡•‹–ƒ‰–‡ –Š‡ –”ƒ•‹–‹‘ ˆ‹‡Ž† ˆƒ…–‘” „‘—†ƒ”› „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ –™‘ „”‡ƒ†‘™ ‡…Šƒ‹••Ǥ ™‘ ‡–Š‘†• ƒ”‡ ’”‘’‘•‡†–‘†‡–‡”‹‡–Š‡–”ƒ•‹–‹‘ˆ‹‡Ž†ˆƒ…–‘”„‘—†ƒ”›ȏʹǡ͵ȐǤˆˆ‡…–•‘ˆ‹’—Ž•‡’‘Žƒ”‹–›ƒ†Ž‹“—‹† –›’‡‘–Š‡–”ƒ•‹–‹‘ˆ‹‡Ž†ˆƒ…–‘”„‘—†ƒ”›ƒ”‡†‹•…—••‡†‹†‡–ƒ‹ŽȏͶȐǤ †‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ –Š‡ ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ „”‡ƒ†‘™ ‡…Šƒ‹•• …ƒ Š‡Ž’ ‡š’Žƒ‹ •‘‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– „”‡ƒ†‘™ ’Š‡‘‡ƒ ‘„•‡”˜‡† ‹ –Š‡ ‡™ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡” Ž‹“—‹†•Ǥ  •–ƒ–‡Ǧ‘ˆǦ–Š‡Ǧƒ”– ”‡˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ Ž‹‰Š–‹‰ ‹’—Ž•‡ „”‡ƒ†‘™ ˜‘Ž–ƒ‰‡ •–—†‹‡• ‘ˆ ‡•–‡” Ž‹“—‹†• ‹ –Š‡ ’ƒ•– †‡…ƒ†‡• ‹• ’”‡•‡–‡† ‹ –Š‹• Ž‡…–—”‡Ǥ ‘’ƒ”‹•‘• ‘ˆ ‹’—Ž•‡ „”‡ƒ†‘™ ˜‘Ž–ƒ‰‡• „‡–™‡‡ ‡•–‡” Ž‹“—‹†• ƒ† ‹‡”ƒŽ ‘‹Ž• ƒ”‡ •–ƒ–‹•–‹…ƒŽŽ› ƒƒŽ›•‡† ƒ† ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‡† „ƒ•‡† ‘ –Š‡ „”‡ƒ†‘™ ‡…Šƒ‹•• ȏͷȐǤ – –Š‡ ‡† ‘ˆ –Š‹• Ž‡…–—”‡ǡ ”‡•—Ž–• ‘ˆ ƒ ”‡…‡– •–—†› ‘ Ž‹‰Š–‹‰ ‹’—Ž•‡ „”‡ƒ†‘™ ˜‘Ž–ƒ‰‡• ‘ˆ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡” Ž‹“—‹†• —•‹‰ ƒ Žƒ”‰‡Ǧ•…ƒŽ‡ ™‹†‹‰ …‘‹Ž ‡Ž‡…–”‘†‡ ™‹–Š ƒ† ™‹–Š‘—– ’ƒ’‡” ™”ƒ’’‹‰ ƒ”‡ ’”‡•‡–‡†ǡ ™Š‹…Š™‘—Ž†’”‘˜‹†‡”‡ˆ‡”‡…‡–‘–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”‹•—Žƒ–‹‘†‡•‹‰—•‹‰–Š‡•‡‡™Ž‹“—‹†•Ǥ    12 12

ȏͳȐǤƒ”•‡–al., “Dielectric performance of insulating liquids for transformers,” TB 856 CIGRE, ʹͲʹͳǤ [2] S. Shen, Q. Liu, and Z.D. Wang, “Effect of electric field uniformity on positive streamer and breakdown characteristics of transformer liquids,” IEEE Trans. Diele…–”ǤŽ‡…–”Ǥ•—ŽǤǡ˜‘ŽǤʹ͸ǡ‘Ǥ͸ǡ’’Ǥ ͳͺͳͶǦͳͺʹʹǡʹͲͳͻǤ [3] H. Yu, S. Shen, Q. Liu, and Z.D. Wang, “Effect of electric field uniformity on breakdown mechanisms of dielectric liquids under lightning impulse,” IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul., vol. 28, ‘ǤͶǡ’’Ǥͳͳ͵͸ǦͳͳͶͶǡʹͲʹͳǤ [4] H. Yu, Q. Liu, Z.D. Wang, A. Hilker, C. Krause and D. Walker, “Streamer and breakdown …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…•‘ˆ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”Ž‹“—‹†•‹‘†‡”ƒ–‡Ž›Ǧuniform fields under negative lightning impulse,” ”ƒ•Ǥ‹‡Ž‡…–”ǤŽ‡…–”Ǥ•—ŽǤǡʹͲʹ͵Ǥȋ†‡””‡˜‹‡™Ȍ [5] H. Yu, Q. Liu, and Z.D. Wang, “Statistical analysis and interpretation on lightning impulse breakdown voltages of ester liquids under varying field uniformity,” High Volt., 2023. (Under review)    Dr. Qiang Liu ‹• ƒ ‡ƒ†‡”‹’‘™‡”•›•–‡’Žƒ– ƒ†–Š‡  ‡ƒ† ‘ˆ ‹‰Š ‘Ž–ƒ‰‡ ‡•‡ƒ”…Š ”‘—’ ‹ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‘ˆ  Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ƒ† Ž‡…–”‘‹… ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ ƒ– –Š‡ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ  ƒ…Š‡•–‡”Ǥ ‹ƒ‰ ‘„–ƒ‹‡† ƒ Š †‡‰”‡‡ ‹ ‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ’‘™‡”  ‡‰‹‡‡”‹‰ˆ”‘–Š‡‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆƒ…Š‡•–‡”‹ʹͲͳͳǤ‡‹•–Š‡  Chairperson of CIGRE D1.01 Advisory Group on “Dielectric liquids  and liquid impregnated insulation systems” and a member of  •‡˜‡”ƒŽ   ʹȀͳ ™‘”‹‰ ‰”‘—’•Ǥ ‹ƒ‰ ‹• ƒŽ•‘ ƒ •‡‹‘”  ‡„‡”‘ˆǡƒ‡„‡”‘ˆ†‘ǡƒ†ƒƒ••‘…‹ƒ–‡  ‡†‹–‘” ‘ˆ  ‹‰Š ‘Ž–ƒ‰‡ ‘—”ƒŽǤ ‹• ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ˆ‘…—•‡• ‘ †‹‡Ž‡…–”‹…Ž‹“—‹†•ƒ†–Š‡‹”ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘•‹Š‹‰Š˜‘Ž–ƒ‰‡‡“—‹’‡–  ȋ’‘™‡” –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•ǡ •—„•‡ƒ …ƒ„Ž‡ Œ‘‹–•Ȍ ƒ† ˆ—–—”‡ ‡Ž‡…–”‹… –”ƒ•’‘”–ƒ–‹‘ ȋ „ƒ––‡”‹‡•ǡ ’‘™‡” ‡Ž‡…–”‘‹… †‡˜‹…‡•ȌǤ ‹• ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š –‘’‹…• ‹…Ž—†‡ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ†˜ƒ…‡† †‹‡Ž‡…–”‹… Ž‹“—‹†• ȋ‡•–‡”•ǡ ‰ƒ•Ǧ–‘ǦŽ‹“—‹†•ǡ „‹‘†‡‰”ƒ†ƒ„Ž‡ Š›†”‘…ƒ”„‘•Ȍǡ †‹•…Šƒ”‰‡ ƒ† „”‡ƒ†‘™ ‡…Šƒ‹•• ‘ˆ †‹‡Ž‡…–”‹… Ž‹“—‹†•ǡ ƒ‰‡‹‰ ƒ••‡••‡– ‘ˆ Ž‹“—‹†Ǧ•‘Ž‹† ‹•—Žƒ–‹‘ •›•–‡•ǡ ‹‡”•‹‘ …‘‘Ž‹‰ ƒ† –Š‡”ƒŽ ‘†‡ŽŽ‹‰ǡ †‹‰‹–ƒŽ –™‹‹‰ ƒ† ƒ••‡– ƒƒ‰‡‡–Ǥ ‡ Šƒ• …‘–”‹„—–‡† –‘ ʹ   –‡…Š‹…ƒŽ „”‘…Š—”‡• ƒ†’—„Ž‹•Š‡†ͳͷͲ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š’ƒ’‡”•Ǥ      13  13

Developing algorithms to estimate transformer life: is it a maths- or a physics-based process? Dr. Shanika Matharage, Exeter University, United Kingdom  ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ –Š‡ ’‘•–Ǧ™ƒ” ‡…‘‘‹… „‘‘ǡ –Š‡”‡ ™ƒ• ƒ •—”‰‡ ‹ –Š‡ —„‡” ‘ˆ ’‘™‡” –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”• ‹•–ƒŽŽ‡† ‰Ž‘„ƒŽŽ›Ǥ ƒ…–‘”• •—…Š ƒ• Š‹‰Š •ƒˆ‡–›Ǧƒ”‰‹Ǧ„ƒ•‡† †‡•‹‰Ǣ ™‹†‡” ƒ†‘’–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ •–ƒ†ƒ”†• ‹ †‡•‹‰ǡ ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ǡ ƒ† ƒ‹–‡ƒ…‡ ‘ˆ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•Ǣ ƒ† ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡Ž› Ž‘™ Ž‘ƒ†‹‰…‘†‹–‹‘• †—‡–‘–Š‡ —•‡‘ˆǦͳ…‘–‹‰‡…›•–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡•Šƒ˜‡”‡•—Ž–‡†‹ƒ›–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”• ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‰ ™‡ŽŽ „‡›‘† –Š‡‹” ‹–‡†‡† †‡•‹‰ Ž‹ˆ‡•’ƒǤ Š‹• ’Žƒ…‡• •‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ– ’”‡••—”‡ ‘ ƒ••‡– ƒƒ‰‡”• ™Š‘ —•– „ƒŽƒ…‡ –Š‡ ”‹• ‘ˆ …‘•–Ž› ƒ† …ƒ–ƒ•–”‘’Š‹… ˆƒ‹Ž—”‡• ƒ‰ƒ‹•– –Š‡ „‡‡ˆ‹–• ‘ˆ ƒš‹——–‹Ž‹œƒ–‹‘ƒ†…‘•–•ƒ˜‹‰•ˆ”‘ƒ˜‘‹†‹‰—‡…‡••ƒ”›”‡’Žƒ…‡‡–•Ǥ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ’”‡†‹…–‹‰ –Š‡’”‡…‹•‡Ž‹ˆ‡–‹‡‘ˆƒ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”‹•ƒ…ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‹‰–ƒ•ǡ‰‹˜‡–Š‡…‘’Ž‡š‹–›‘ˆˆƒ…–‘”••—…Šƒ•…›…Ž‹… Ž‘ƒ†‹‰ǡ ‘Ǧ—‹ˆ‘” –‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡ †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ǡ ƒ† …Š‡‹…ƒŽ ‹‰”ƒ–‹‘ –Šƒ– …‘–”‹„—–‡ –‘ –Š‡ ƒ‰‡‹‰ ’”‘…‡••Ǥ •–‹ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‹ˆ‡–‹‡ ‘ˆ ƒ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡” …ƒ „‡ ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š‡† –Š”‘—‰Š –™‘ •…Š‘‘Ž• ‘ˆ –Š‘—‰Š–ǣ •–ƒ–‹•–‹…ƒŽǦ„ƒ•‡† ‘†‡Ž• ƒ† †‡‰”ƒ†ƒ–‹‘Ǧ„ƒ•‡† ‘†‡Ž•Ǥ –ƒ–‹•–‹…ƒŽ ‘†‡Ž• ”‡Ž› ‘ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ˆ”‘ ”ƒ†‘ˆƒ‹Ž—”‡•ǡƒ‰‡Ǧ”‡Žƒ–‡†ˆƒ‹Ž—”‡•ǡƒ††ƒ–ƒˆ”‘•—”˜‹˜‡†–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•–‘’”‡†‹…––Š‡Ž‹ˆ‡–‹‡‘ˆƒ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”ˆŽ‡‡–ȏͳȐǤ–Š‡‘–Š‡”Šƒ†ǡ†‡‰”ƒ†ƒ–‹‘Ǧ„ƒ•‡†‘†‡Ž•ˆ‘…—•‘–Š‡…‘–‹—‘—•–Š‡”ƒŽǡ ‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽǡ ƒ† …Š‡‹…ƒŽ •–”‡••‡• –Šƒ– Ž‡ƒ† –‘ ‹””‡˜‡”•‹„Ž‡ ‹•—Žƒ–‹‘ †‡‰”ƒ†ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‡‰”ƒ†ƒ–‹‘Ǧ„ƒ•‡† ‘†‡Ž• …ƒ „‡ ˆ—”–Š‡” …ƒ–‡‰‘”‹œ‡† ‹–‘ ‹‡–‹…•Ǧ„ƒ•‡† ‘†‡Ž•ǡ ™Š‹…Š —•‡ –‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡ ƒ† ™ƒ–‡” …‘–‡– –‘ ’”‡†‹…– Ž‹ˆ‡–‹‡ ȏʹȐǡ ƒ† …Š‡‹…ƒŽ ƒ”‡”Ǧ„ƒ•‡† ‘†‡Ž•ǡ ™Š‹…Š —•‡ ’ƒ’‡” ƒ‰‡‹‰Ǧ”‡Žƒ–‡† …Š‡‹…ƒŽ ƒ”‡”• –‘ ‡•–‹ƒ–‡ ‹•—Žƒ–‹‘ Ž‹ˆ‡–‹‡ ȏ͵ȐǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ‡ƒ…Š ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š‡• Šƒ• ‹–• ‘™ …ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•Ǥ –ƒ–‹•–‹…ƒŽ ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š‡• •—ˆˆ‡” ˆ”‘ ƒ Žƒ… ‘ˆ †ƒ–ƒǡ ‹‡–‹…•Ǧ„ƒ•‡† ‘†‡Ž• ˆƒ…‡ †‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž–‹‡• ‹ ƒ……—”ƒ–‡Ž› ‡•–‹ƒ–‹‰ Š‘–Ǧ•’‘– –‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡ ȏͶȐǡ ƒ† …Š‡‹…ƒŽ ƒ”‡”Ǧ„ƒ•‡† ‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘• ˆƒ…‡ …ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡• ”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ •–ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ƒ† ’ƒ”–‹–‹‘‹‰ ’”‘…‡••‡• ȏͷȐǤ Š‹• Ž‡…–—”‡ ƒ††”‡••‡• •‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ …ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•ƒ••‘…‹ƒ–‡†™‹–Š–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”Ž‹ˆ‡–‹‡‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘Ǥ  ȏͳȐ Ǥ Š‘—ǡ ǤǤ ƒ‰ǡ Ǥ ƒ”ƒǡ ƒ† Ǥ ‹ǡ ̶ƒ–ƒ ‡“—‹•‹–‡• ˆ‘” ”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡” –ƒ–‹•–‹…ƒŽ ‹ˆ‡–‹‡ ‘†‡ŽŽ‹‰ Ǧ ƒ”– ǣ ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ†‘ ƒ† ‰‹‰Ǧ‡Žƒ–‡† ƒ‹Ž—”‡•ǡ̶  ”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘• ‘‘™‡”‡Ž‹˜‡”›ǡ˜‘ŽǤʹͻǡ‘Ǥͳǡ’’ǤͳͷͶǦͳ͸ͲǡʹͲͳͶǤ ȏʹȐ ǤǤ‹‰ƒ†ǤǤƒ‰ǡ̶‹‡–‹…ƒƒŽ›•‹•ƒ†‘†‡ŽŽ‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‰‡‹‰’”‘…‡••ˆ‘””ƒˆ– ’ƒ’‡” ƒ‰‡† ‹ ƒ–—”ƒŽ ‡•–‡” †‹‡Ž‡…–”‹… ˆŽ—‹†ǡ̶ ‹ ʹͲͲ͸  ‘ˆ‡”‡…‡ ‘ Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ •—Žƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ‹‡Ž‡…–”‹…Š‡‘‡ƒǡ’’ǤͷͲͷǦͷͲͺǡͳͷǦͳͺ…–ǤʹͲͲ͸Ǥ ȏ͵Ȑ Ǥ Ǥ ƒ–Šƒ”ƒ‰‡ǡ Ǥ ‹—ǡ ǤǤ ƒ‰ǡ Ǥ ‹Ž•‘ǡ ƒ† Ǥ ”ƒ—•‡ǡ ̶‰‹‰ ƒ••‡••‡– ‘ˆ •›–Š‡–‹… ‡•–‡” ‹’”‡‰ƒ–‡† –Š‡”ƒŽŽ› ‘Ǧ—’‰”ƒ†‡† ”ƒˆ– ’ƒ’‡” –Š”‘—‰Š …Š‡‹…ƒŽ ƒ”‡”• ‹ ‘‹Žǡ̶ ”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘•‘‹‡Ž‡…–”‹…•ƒ†Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ•—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ˜‘ŽǤʹͷǡ‘Ǥʹǡ’’ǤͷͲ͹ǦͷͳͷǡʹͲͳͺǤ ȏͶȐ Ǥ ‡‰ǡ ǤǤ ƒ‰ǡ ƒ† Ǥ ƒ”ƒǡ ̶˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘™‡” ”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•̵ ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡ ‘–Ǧ ’‘– ƒ…–‘”• „› Š‡”ƒŽ ‘†‡Ž‹‰ ‘ˆ …”ƒ’’‡† ‹–•ǡ̶  ”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘• ‘ ‘™‡” ‡Ž‹ ˜‡”›ǡ ˜‘ŽǤ ʹͻǡ ‘Ǥͷǡ’’ǤʹͲ͹͹ǦʹͲͺͷǡʹͲͳͶǤ 14 14

ȏͷȐ Ǥ Ǥ ƒ–Šƒ”ƒ‰‡ǡ Ǥ ‹—ǡ ǤǤ ƒ‰ǡ ƒ† Ǥ ƒŽ‡”ǡ ̶ˆˆ‡…– ‘ˆ ƒ’‡” ›’‡ ƒ† ƒ–‡” ‘–‡– ‹ ƒ’‡” ‘ –Š‡ ƒ”–‹–‹‘‹‰ ‘ˆ ʹǦ  „‡–™‡‡ ‹“—‹† ƒ† ƒ’‡” •—Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ̶‹ ʹͲʹͲ  –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘ˆ‡”‡…‡ ‘ ‹‰Š ‘Ž–ƒ‰‡ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ ƒ† ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘ ȋȌǡ ’’Ǥ ͳǦͶǡ ͸ǦͳͲ ‡’–Ǥ ʹͲʹͲǤ  Dr. Shanika Matharage‹•ƒ‡…–—”‡”‹ƒ”– ”‹†ƒ––Š‡ ‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆš‡–‡”Ǥ‡”‡…‡‹˜‡†Š‹•…†‡‰”‡‡‹Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽƒ† Ž‡…–”‘‹… ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ ‡”ƒ†‡‹›ƒǡ ”‹ ƒƒ‹ʹͲͳͳǤƒ†Š‹•Š‹Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ‘™‡”‰‹‡‡”‹‰ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ ƒ…Š‡•–‡”ǡ  ‹ ʹͲͳ͹Ǥ ‹• Š ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ™‘ the \"John Neal Insulation Award” awarded by European Electrical •—Žƒ–‹‘ ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡”• ••‘…‹ƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘” Š‘‘—”‹‰ ‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰ ƒ……‘’Ž‹•Š‡– ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‹‡Ž† ‘ˆ •‘Ž‹† ƒ† Ž‹“—‹† ‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ‹•—Žƒ–‹‘ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ• ƒ† •›•–‡•Ǥ ‡ ™‘”‡† ƒ• ƒ ‘•– ‘…–‘”ƒŽ ‡•‡ƒ”…Š••‘…‹ƒ–‡ƒ†š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽˆˆ‹…‡”ƒ–Š‡‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ ƒ…Š‡•–‡”„‡ˆ‘”‡Œ‘‹‹‰–Š‡‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆš‡–‡”‹ʹͲʹͲǤ ‹• ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• ƒ”‡ ‘•–Ž› ‹–‡”†‹•…‹’Ž‹ƒ”›ǡ ™Š‹…Š …‘„‹‡ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ ƒ† ‡š’‡”–‹•‡ ˆ”‘ Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ǡ Š‡‹•–”›ǡƒ†ƒŽ›–‹…ƒŽ…‹‡…‡•–‘•‘Ž˜‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š“—‡•–‹‘•‘” –‘ ‹…”‡ƒ•‡ —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ ƒ”‘—† Š‹‰Š ˜‘Ž–ƒ‰‡ ‡“—‹’‡– ‹ –Š‡ ƒ”‡ƒ•‘ˆ‘˜‡Ž‹•—Žƒ–‹‰ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ǡƒ‰‡‹‰‘ˆ‹•—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ…‘†‹–‹‘ ‘‹–‘”‹‰ƒ†ƒ••‡–ƒƒ‰‡‡–Ǥ ‡ Šƒ• ’—„Ž‹•Š‡† ‘˜‡” ͵Ͳ ƒ”–‹…Ž‡•Ǥ ‡ ‹• …—””‡–Ž› ƒ ƒ• ‘”…‡ ‡ƒ†‡” ‹   ™‘”‹‰ ‰”‘—’ ͳǤ͹͸Ǥ ‡ ™ƒ• ƒŽ•‘ ƒ ‡„‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡   ™‘”‹‰ ‰”‘—’   ʹȀͳǤͶ͸ –Šƒ– ’—„Ž‹•Š‡† ‡…Š‹…ƒŽ ”‘…Š—”‡ ͹͹ͻǣ ‹‡Ž† ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡ ™‹–Š –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•‘Ž‹†‹•—Žƒ–‹‘ƒ‰‡‹‰ƒ”‡”•Ǥ         15

Advanced transformer thermal design and thermal modeling in transformer grid operation  Prof. Dr. Zoran Radaković, University of Belgrade, School of Electrical Engineering, Serbia  ‹“—‹† ‡”•‡† ‘™‡” ”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”• ȋȌ ƒ”‡ †‡˜‹…‡• –”ƒ•ˆ‡””‹‰ ƒ Žƒ”‰‡ ƒ‘—– ‘ˆ ‡Ž‡…Ǧ –”‹… ’‘™‡” ™‹–Š Š‹‰Š ‡ˆˆ‹…‹‡…›Ǥ —‡ –‘ Š‹‰Š …—””‡–• –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ ™‹†‹‰ ƒ† –Š‡ ƒ‰‡–‹… ˆ‹‡Ž† –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ …‘”‡ǡ –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ …‘•‹†‡”ƒ„Ž‡ Š‡ƒ– Ž‘••‡•Ǥ Š‡ –‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‹“—‹† ƒ† •‘Ž‹† ‹•—Žƒ–‹‘ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ••Š‘—Ž†„‡Ž‹‹–‡†‹‘”†‡”–‘ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ•—††‡ˆƒ‹Ž—”‡†—‡–‘„—„„Ž‹‰’Š‡‘‡ƒ ‘”ƒ……‡Ž‡”ƒ–‡†‹•—Žƒ–‹‘ƒ‰‡‹‰ƒ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–‘ˆ–Š‡…——Žƒ–‹˜‡‡ˆˆ‡…–‘ˆ–Š‡‹Ǧ…”‡ƒ•‡†–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡‘˜‡” ƒŽ‘‰‡”–‹‡’‡”‹‘†Ǥ Š‡ Ž‘••‡• ƒ† –Š‡ …‘•‡“—‡– –‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡ …Šƒ‰‡ ƒ”‡ ‘Ǧ—‹ˆ‘”Ž› †‹•–”‹„—–‡† ‘˜‡”  ˜‘Ž—‡Ǥ Š‡ ’”‹ƒ”› ‹–‡”‡•– ‹• –‘ †‡–‡”‹‡ –Š‡ Š‘––‡•– ™‹†‹‰ ‹•—Žƒ–‹‘ ȋŠ‘–Ǧ•’‘–Ȍ ƒ† –‘’ ‹•—Žƒ–‹‘ Ž‹“—‹† ȋ–‘’ ‘‹ŽȌ –‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡•Ǥ ‘ ˆƒ”ǡ ‹ ‡‰‹‡‡”‹‰ ’”ƒ…–‹…‡ •‹’Ž‹ˆ‹‡† ‡“—ƒǦ–‹‘• ™‹–Š ‡’‹”‹…ƒŽŽ› †‡–‡”‹‡† ’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”• ™‡”‡ –›’‹…ƒŽŽ› —•‡†ǡ „‘–Š ‹ –Š‡”ƒŽ †‡•‹‰ •–ƒ‰‡ ƒ† †—”‹‰ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡” ‰”‹† ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ —†‡” ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ Ž‘ƒ† ƒ† …‘‘Ž‹‰ ˆŽ—‹† –‡’‡”ƒǦ–—”‡Ǥ —…Š …ƒŽ…—Žƒ–‹‘• ƒ”‡ ‡ƒ•› –‘ ƒ’’Ž›ǡ „—– ™‹–Š Ž‹‹–‡† ƒ……—”ƒ…›Ǥ  ‹’‘”–ƒ– ‹••—‡ ‹• –Šƒ– –Š‡ –‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡• …ƒ‘– „‡ †‡–‡”‹‡† ˆ‘” ‡™ †‡•‹‰•ǡ ˆ‘” ™Š‹…Š –Š‡”‡ ‹• ‘ ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡Ǥ ‘•‡“—‡–Ž›ǡ –Š‡”‡ ‹• ƒ ‡‡† ˆ‘” †‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰ ‘”‡ …‘’Ž‡š ‡–Š‘†ǡ ™Š‹…Š ‹…Ž—†‡• –Š‡ ‹ˆŽ—Ǧ‡…‡ ‘ˆ …‘•–”—…–‹‘ †‡–ƒ‹Ž• –‘ –Š‡ †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘‘ˆ‹•—Žƒ–‹‘Ž‹“—‹†ˆŽ‘™ƒ†Š‡ƒ––”ƒ•ˆ‡”ǡ–Š—•–‘–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘Ǥ ‘™ƒ†ƒ›•ǡ ˆ‹‹–‡ ‡Ž‡‡–• …‘’—–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ –‘‘Ž• ƒ”‡ ’‘™‡”ˆ—Ž ƒ† ˆ‘—† •‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ– ’Žƒ…‡ ‹ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡––‡…Š‹…ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†•Ǥ•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ǡ–Š‡ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ•—…Š…‘’—–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ–‘‘Ž•…ƒ…‘’Ž‡–‡Ž› •‘Ž˜‡ –‡…Š‹…ƒŽ ’”‘„Ž‡•ǡ ™‹–Š‘—– –‘‘ „‹‰ …‘’—–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ”‡•‘—”…‡• ƒ† …‘’—–ƒǦ–‹‘ƒŽ –‹‡ǡ ƒ† ™‹–Š‘—– —…Š …‘˜‡”‰‡…‡ ’”‘„Ž‡•Ǥ Š‡ •‹–—ƒ–‹‘ ‰‡–• ‘”‡ …‘’Ž‹…ƒ–‡† ™Š‡ –™‘ ’Š›•‹…• Šƒ• –‘ „‡…‘—’Ž‡†ǡ•—…Šƒ•‘’—–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ Ž—‹†›ƒ‹…•ȋ Ȍƒ†‡ƒ––”ƒ•ˆ‡”ǤŠ‹•‹•–Š‡…ƒ•‡‹Ǥ •—…Š •‹—Žƒ–‹‘• –Š‡ …‘˜‡”‰‡…‡ ’”‘„Ž‡• ƒ”‡ ”‡ƒŽ‹•–‹…ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ •‹—Žƒ–‹‘ –ƒ‡• ˜‡”› Ž‘‰ –‹‡Ǥ  Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ ‹– Šƒ• „‡‡ ”‡’‘”–‡† –Šƒ– ‹– ™‘—Ž† –ƒ‡ ƒ„‘—– ͵Ͳ †ƒ›• ‘ˆ …‘’—–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ –‹‡ —•‹‰ Ͷ͸Ͷ ’”‘…‡••‘”•–‘•‹—Žƒ–‹‘͵Ͳ‹—–‡•ˆŽ‘™ƒ†–Š‡”ƒŽ„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”‹ƒ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•…ƒŽ‡‘†‡Ž™‹†‹‰Ǥ – ‡ƒ• –Šƒ– ˆ‹‹–‡ ‡Ž‡‡–• –‘‘Ž• ƒ”‡ ‘™ƒ†ƒ›• ‘– ƒ ‘’–‹‘ ˆ‘” …ƒŽ…—Žƒ–‹‰ –‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡• ‹  ‰”‹† ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‘” –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ”‡ƒ•‘ǡ ‹– ‹• ƒŽ•‘ ‘– –Š‡ ”‡ƒŽ‹•–‹… ‘’–‹‘ ˆ‘” –Š‡ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡” –Š‡”ƒŽ †‡•‹‰Ǥ ’”ƒ…–‹…ƒŽŽ›ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ„Ž‡‡–Š‘†‹•–Š‡†‡–ƒ‹Ž‡†Š‡”ƒŽ›†”ƒ—Ž‹…‡–™‘”‘†‡ŽȋȌǡˆ‘” ™Š‹…Š†‡–ƒ‹Ž‡†…‘•–”—…–‹‘ƒ†„ƒ•‹…ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…•ƒ”‡—•‡†ƒ• –Š‡‹’—–†ƒ–ƒǤ™‘ ‘’–‹‘• ƒ”‡ ‘ˆ ‹–‡”‡•–ǣ •–ƒ–‹…ǡ ˆ‘” …ƒŽ…—Žƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡• ‹ •–‡ƒ†›Ǧ•–ƒ–‡•ǡ ‡‡†‡† ˆ‘” –Š‡ –Š‡”ƒŽ †‡•‹‰ ‘ˆ ǡ ƒ† †›ƒ‹…ǡ ˆ‘” …ƒŽ…—Žƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡• †—”Ǧ‹‰ –”ƒ•‹‡– •–ƒ–‡•ǡ ‡‡†‡† ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‘‹–‘”‹‰ •›•–‡ ƒ† Ž‘ƒ†‹‰ ’Žƒ‹‰ †—”‹‰ –”ƒ•Ǧˆ‘”‡” ‰”‹† ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‡ †›ƒ‹… ‘†‡Ž ‹• ‘”‡ …‘’Ž‡š ƒ† ‘”‡ …‘’—–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ› †‡Ǧƒ†‹‰ –Šƒ –Š‡ •–ƒ–‹…Ǥ —” ”‡…‡– ”‡•‡ƒ”…Šƒnd development yielded with the conclusion that an idea to build “quasi steady state” model ‘ˆ ǡ „› ‹–”‘†—…‹‰ –Š‡”ƒŽ …ƒ’ƒ…‹–› ‹ –Š‡ ‡“—‹˜ƒŽ‡– –Š‡”ƒŽ …‹”…—‹– ‘ˆ ‡–ƒŽ ‡Ž‡‡–• ‘ˆ –Š‡ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”ǡ…ƒ‘–†‡•…”‹„‡’”‘’‡”Ž›–Š‡Š‡ƒ–ƒ……——Žƒ–‡†‹–Š‡‹•—Žƒ–‹‘Ž‹“—‹†ǤŠ‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ ™‹ŽŽ ‘ˆˆ‡” –Š‡ „ƒ•‹…• ‘ˆ †›ƒ‹… †‡–ƒ‹Ž‡† ǡ ‡š’‡…–‡† –‘ „‡ –Š‡ †‘‹ƒ– ˆ—–—”‡ ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š ‹ ’”ƒ…–‹…‡Ǥ 16 16

Prof. Dr. Zoran Radakovićǡ „‘” ƒ† ‡†—…ƒ–‡† ‹ ‡Ž‰”ƒ†‡–ͻ–Š ›ƒ•‹—•ƒ†…Š‘‘Ž‘ˆŽ‡…–”‹…ƒŽ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ǡ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ ‡Ž‰”ƒ†‡Ǥ ‡…‹’‹‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ̶–‘’ •–—†‡–̶ ‰”ƒ– ˆ”‘ …ƒ†‡›‘ˆ…‹‡…‡•ƒ†”–•ǡ‡Ž‰”ƒ†‡Ǥ‡…‡‹˜‡††‹•–‹…–‹‘ƒ† ƒ™ƒ”†‡†–Š‡•–—†‡–‘ˆ–Š‡‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ǤŠ‡Š–Š‡•‹•‹•ƒ™ƒ”†‡† „›–Š‡Šƒ„‡”‘ˆ…‘‘›‘ˆ‡Ž‰”ƒ†‡ˆ‘”–Š‡ͳͻͻ͹›‡ƒ”ȋ–Š”‡‡ ƒ™ƒ”†•‹ƒ›‡ƒ”ȌǤŽ‡šƒ†‡”˜‘—„‘Ž†–‡•‡ƒ”…Š ‡ŽŽ‘™•Š‹’ Ǧ–Š‡‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ–—––‰ƒ”–ǡ•–‹–—–‡‘ˆ‘™‡””ƒ•‹••‹‘ƒ† ‹‰Š ‘Ž–ƒ‰‡ ‡…Š‘Ž‘‰› ȋȌǤ ‡–—” ‡ŽŽ‘™ ‘ˆ Ž‡šƒ†‡” ˜‘ —„‘Ž†–Ǧ ‘—†ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Ƭ‡‰‹‡‡”‹‹‡‡• ǡ‘™‡”–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”†‹˜‹•‹‘ǡ ‡…Š‘Ž‘‰› ƒ† ‘˜ƒ–‹‘ǡ —”‡„‡”‰ǡ ‡”ƒ›Ǥ š’‡”– ’‘•‹–‹‘ˆ‘”–Š‡”ƒŽ‹••—‡•Ǥ ”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽǡ •…‹‡–‹ˆ‹… ƒ† –‡ƒ…Š‹‰ ˆ‹‡Ž†•ǣ ’‘™‡” –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•ǡ ‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ‹•–ƒŽŽƒ–‹‘•ǡ ‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ Š‡ƒ–‹‰ǡ ”‡‡™ƒ„Ž‡ ‡‡”‰› ȋ†‘‹ƒ–Ž› •‘Žƒ” •›•–‡•Ȍǡ ’‘™‡” “—ƒŽ‹–›ǡ ‡ƒ”–Š‹‰ǡ …‘’‡•ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ”‡ƒ…–‹˜‡ ’‘™‡”ǡ ’‘™‡” ‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…•ǡ †‹‰‹–ƒŽ…‘–”‘ŽǤ ”‘Œ‡…–•ƒ†•–—†‹‡•‹‡”„‹ƒǣ–’‘™‡”•–ƒ–‹‘•ǡǦ ‘™‡” —–‹Ž‹–› – •–—†‹‡• ‘ˆ ’‘™‡” –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡” ƒ‰‡‹‰ǡ ƒ† ‡’—„Ž‹ƒ ”’•ƒ Ǧ ‘™‡” •–ƒ–‹‘ ‹•‡‰”ƒ†ǡ ”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡” ˆƒ…–‘”› ‘‡Ž ȋ‹’ƒŒȌǡ ‘Ž…‹ǡ  ƒ† Žƒ”‰‡ —„‡” ‘ˆ ’”‘Œ‡…–• ȋ‹…Ž—†‹‰ ’Š‘–‘˜‘Ž–ƒ‹… •›•–‡•Ȍ ƒ† …‘•—Ž–ƒ…› •‡”˜‹…‡• ˆ‘” ‹†—•–”›ƒ†…‘’Ž‡š„—‹Ž†‹‰•Ǥ ‡”ƒ‡–™‘”‘ˆ‘”‡‹‰ƒ”‡–•ǣ ‘™‡” –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”• – •‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ ȋŠ––’•ǣȀȀŠ‘•–…ƒŽ…—Ž—•Ǥ…‘ȀȌƒ†…‘•—Ž–ƒ…›ȋ‡Ž‰‹—–ƒ—™‡Ž• Ȁ ǡ–ƒŽ›–ƒ‹‹ǡ ‡–”ƒǡ”ƒœ‹Ž– ǡ‘•Š‹„ƒǡ‡š‹…‘–  ǡ†‹ƒ–ǡ‘—–Š‘”‡ƒ–›‘•—‰ǡ‡™‡ƒŽƒ†––‡Žǡ ”—‰—ƒ›–ƒŽ–‘ ”ƒ†‡ǡƒƒ†ƒ–›†”‘—‡„‡…ȌǤ ‘™‡” ‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…• ‹ •‘Žƒ” …‘˜‡”–‡”• – ‡”ƒ› ȋ‡Ž–ƒ ‡”‰›Ȍǡ ƒ”–Š‹‰––Ž‹‹•–”‹„—–‹‘‘’ƒ›ǡ ‘™‡” “—ƒŽ‹–› – ƒ–ƒ”ǡ ƒƒ† ‡†‹…ƒŽ …‘”’‘”ƒ–‹‘ – ™‘‡̵•Š‘•’‹–ƒŽƒ†ƒœƒŠ•–ƒ Ǧƒœœ‹…ǡ‘™‡”‡ˆˆ‹…‹‡…›ƒ† …‘’‡•ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ”‡ƒ…–‹˜‡’‘™‡”–ƒ–ƒ”ǡƒŠ”ƒƒƒǤ ‡˜‹•‹‘‘ˆŽƒ”‰‡—„‡”‘ˆ’”‘Œ‡…–•˜‹ƒ‡’—„Ž‹…”‡˜‹•‹‘ …‘‹••‹‘ǡ ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• ‹ ‡”„‹ƒ ‡‰‹‡‡”‹‰ …Šƒ„‡”ǡ ʹ ‡š’‡”– ™‹–‡••ǡ ƒ• ˆ‘”…‡ Ž‡ƒ†‡” ‹ ‹‰”‡   ʹǤ͵ͺ ƒ† ʹǤ͸Ͳǡ ˜‘Ž—–‡‡”™‘”‹•–‹–—–‡ˆ‘”•–ƒ†ƒ”†‹œƒ–‹‘ǡǤ ˜‡” ͳ͵Ͳ ’ƒ’‡”• ȋ͵͵ ‹ ‘—”ƒŽ• ™‹–Š ‹’ƒ…– ˆƒ…–‘”•Ȍǡ …‘’—•ǣͺ͸Ͳ…‹–ƒ–‹‘•ǡŠǦ‹†‡šͳͷǡ–™‘„‘‘•ǡͳ ”‘•Š—”‡ǡͳ ƒ–‡–ȋǡŠ‹ƒǡȌǤ     17 17

Cellulosic materials and new testing techniques - HPSEC determination of cellulose molecular weight  Prof. Dr. Gérard Mortha, Grenoble-INP, LGP2 Laboratory, University of Grenoble-Alpes (UGA), France  Š‡‡ƒ•—”‡‡–‘ˆ–Š‡ȋ‘Žƒ”ƒ••†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘Ȍ‘ˆ–Š‡…‡ŽŽ—Ž‘•‡‘Ž‡…—Ž‡‹’ƒ’‡”•‹• ƒƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œƒ–‹‘–Šƒ–Šƒ•„‡‡–Š‡•—„Œ‡…–‘ˆ—‡”‘—•™‘”•‹–Š‡…‘–‡š–‘ˆ•–—†‹‡•‘–Š‡ ƒ‰‡‹‰‘ˆŠ‡”‹–ƒ‰‡’ƒ’‡”•ƒ†”–’ƒ’‡”•Ǥ—–…—”‹‘—•Ž›ǡ˜‡”›ˆ‡™•–—†‹‡•”‡Žƒ–‡–‘–Š‡…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œƒ–‹‘ „› –Š‹• ‡–Š‘† ‘ˆ ‡Ž‡…–”‘–‡…Š‹…ƒŽ ’ƒ’‡”• ƒ† –Š‡‹” ƒ‰‡‹‰ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘—”Ǥ ‘” –Š‡ Žƒ––‡”ǡ –Š‡ ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š ‘ˆ ‡ƒ•—”‹‰ –Š‡ ˜ ‘ˆ –Š‡ …‡ŽŽ—Ž‘•‡ǡ …‘””‡Žƒ–‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ ™‡ƒ‡‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’Š›•‹…ƒŽ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…• ‘ˆ ’ƒ’‡”•ȋ–‡•‹Ž‡•–”‡‰–Šǡˆ‘Ž†‹‰”‡•‹•–ƒ…‡Ȍǡ‹•–Š‡…‘‘’”ƒ…–‹…‡Ǥ  –Š‹• ƒ”–‹…Ž‡ǡ ™‡ ’”‘’‘•‡ –‘ ’”‡•‡– –Š‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡Ǧ‡–‹‘‡† ‡–Š‘†ǡ ƒ‡Ž›  ƒƒŽ›•‹• ‘ˆ …‡ŽŽ—Ž‘•‡ „› Š‹‰ŠǦ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ…‡ •‹œ‡Ǧ‡š…Ž—•‹‘ …Š”‘ƒ–‘‰”ƒ’Š› ȋȌ …‘—’Ž‡† –‘ —Ž–‹†‡–‡…–‘”•ȋ˜‹•…‘‡–”›ǡ—Ž–‹Ǧƒ‰Ž‡Ž‹‰Š–•…ƒ––‡”‹‰ǡ”‡ˆ”ƒ…–‘‡–”›ǡǦ˜‹•‹„Ž‡•’‡…–”‘‡–”›Ȍǡƒ•ƒ ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”–‡…Š‹“—‡ǡƒ†‹–̵•’ƒ’‡”ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘ǣƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•ǡŽ‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•ǡƒ†•‘‡”‡•—Ž–•‘„–ƒ‹‡†‹ ‘—” Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‘”› ‘ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ‹† ‘ˆ ’ƒ’‡”•ǡ ƒ‘‰ ™Š‹…Š ‡Ž‡…–”‘–‡…Š‹…ƒŽ ’ƒ’‡”• ƒ† –Š‡‹” ƒ‰‡‹‰ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘—”•Ǥ‰‡‡”ƒŽǡ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹’‘”–ƒ–Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‹•‡ƒ•—”‡‡–‹•–Š‡‡‡†–‘‘„–ƒ‹ˆ—ŽŽ •‘Ž—„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡’‘Ž›‡”•–—†‹‡†‹–Š‡…Š‘•‡•‘Ž˜‡–ǡ‘”‰ƒ‹…‘”ƒ“—‡‘—•ǤŠ‹•…‘†‹–‹‘‹•†‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž– –‘‘„–ƒ‹‹ˆ–Š‡’ƒ’‡”‹•ƒ†‡‘ˆ—„Ž‡ƒ…Š‡†…‡ŽŽ—Ž‘•‹…’—Ž’™Š‹…Š…‘–ƒ‹•–”ƒ…‡•‘ˆŽ‹‰‹ǤŠ‹•‹•–Š‡ …ƒ•‡™‹–Š‘•–”ƒˆ–’—Ž’•™Š‹…Š•‡”˜‡ƒ•„ƒ•‹…ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽˆ‘”‡Ž‡…–”‘–‡…Š‹…ƒŽ’ƒ’‡”•ƒ†’”‡••„‘ƒ”†•Ǥ ‹‰‹ —•– –Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ „‡ ‡Ž‹‹ƒ–‡† ’”‹‘” –‘ ’ƒ’‡” …‡ŽŽ—Ž‘•‡ †‹••‘Ž—–‹‘Ǥ Š‹• ‹• †‘‡ †—”‹‰ ƒ †‡‰”ƒ†‹‰ •–ƒ‰‡ …ƒŽŽ‡† Š‘Ž‘…‡ŽŽ—Ž‘•‡ ™Š‹…Š —•– „‡ ‹‡”– ™‹–Š ”‡•’‡…– –‘ …‡ŽŽ—Ž‘•‡Ǥ …Š‹‡˜‹‰ –‘–ƒŽ •‘Ž—„‹Ž‹–› ‹’Ž‹‡• Šƒ˜‹‰ ‘ …‘ŽŽ‘‹†ƒŽ ƒ––‡” ‘” ƒ‰‰”‡‰ƒ–‡• ƒˆ–‡” †‹••‘Ž—–‹‘Ǥ ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ –Š‡ …Š‘•‡ •‘Ž˜‡– •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ƒ ‡†‹— ‹ ™Š‹…Š ‘ ‹–‡”ƒ…–‹‘ „‡–™‡‡ ’‘Ž›‡” …Šƒ‹• ‘” „‡–™‡‡ ’‘Ž›‡” …Šƒ‹ ƒ† …‘Ž— ƒ–”‹š •Š‘—Ž† ‘……—”Ǥ Š‡ …‘Ž—• ƒ† –Š‡ •‘Ž˜‡– —•– „‡ Œ—†‹…‹‘—•Ž› …Š‘•‡Ǥ ‡–Š‘†• ˆ‘” …‡ŽŽ—Ž‘•‡ †‹••‘Ž—–‹‘ …ƒ „‡ ”ƒ‡† ‹–‘ ȋͳȌ †‹”‡…– †‹••‘Ž—–‹‘ ‡–Š‘†•ǡ ™‘”‹‰ „› •‘Ž˜‡– …‘’Ž‡šƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒŽ…‘Š‘Ž‹… Ǧ ‰”‘—’• …ƒ””‹‡† „› –Š‡ …‡ŽŽ—Ž‘•‹… …Šƒ‹•ǡ ƒ† ȋʹȌ ‹†‹”‡…– †‹••‘Ž—–‹‘ ‡–Š‘†• ™Š‹…Š ‘’‡”ƒ–‡ „› †‡”‹˜ƒ–‹œƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒŽ…‘Š‘Ž ˆ—…–‹‘• …ƒ””‹‡† „› –Š‡ ’‘Ž›‡”ǡ ƒ† ˆ—”–Š‡” •‘Ž—„‹Ž‹œƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ …‡ŽŽ—Ž‘•‡ †‡”‹˜ƒ–‹˜‡ ‹ ƒ ƒ’‘Žƒ” •‘Ž˜‡–ǡ •—…Š ƒ• –‡–”ƒŠ›†”‘ˆ—”ƒȋ Ȍ™Š‹…Š‹•™‡ŽŽ•—‹–‡†ˆ‘”ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–•‘„–ƒ‹‡†…‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡Ž›„› –Š‡•‡ –™‘ ‡–Š‘†• ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ’”‡•‡–‡† ƒ† †‹•…—••‡†ǡ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• –Š‡ ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡• ƒ† †‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡• ‘ˆ ‡ƒ…Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡–Š‘†•Ǥ Š‡ ”‡…‡– ™‘”• ƒ† ’—„Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘• ƒ†‡ ‘ –Š‹• •—„Œ‡…– ™‹ŽŽ ƒŽ•‘ „‡ ’”‡•‡–‡† ƒ††‹•…—••‡†Ǥ      18

Prof. Dr. Gérard MORTHAǡ ”‘ˆ‡••‘” ƒ– ”‡‘„Ž‡ •–‹–—–‡‘ˆ‡…Š‘Ž‘‰›Ǥ ‘” —Ž› ͳ•–ǡ ͳͻ͸ͳǢ ƒ””‹‡† ™‹–Š ͵ …Š‹Ž†”‡Ǥ Š ‹ Š‡‹…ƒŽ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ ˆ”‘ ”‡‘„Ž‡Ǧ ȋ ”ƒ…‡ǡ ͳͻͺͻȌ ƒ† ‘•–Ǧ‘… ƒ– –Š‡ ‹˜Ǥ ‘ˆ ƒ•Š‹‰–‘ ȋ‡ƒ––Ž‡ǡ ǡ ͳͻͺͻȌǤ ™ƒ”†‡† ‹ ͳͻͺͻ ƒ• ͳ•– ”‡‘„Ž‡Ǧ –Š‡•‹• ’”‹…‡ ‹ …Š‡‹…ƒŽ ‡‰‹‡‡”‹‰ ƒ† ŠƒŽˆǦƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ˆ‹ƒŽ‹•– ‹ ͳͻͻͲǤ ‹…‡ ͳͻͻͷǡ Š‡ ‹• ••‘…‹ƒ–‡ ”‘ˆ‡••‘” ƒ– ”‡‘„Ž‡Ǧ ƒ‰‘”ƒȀ ʹǢ Š‡ „‡…ƒ‡ ƒ ˆ—ŽŽ”‘ˆ‡••‘”ƒ– ”‡‘„Ž‡Ǧ‹‡’–ǤʹͲͳʹǤ ‹• ‡š’‡”–‹•‡ …‘˜‡”• –Š‡ ƒ”‡ƒ• ‘ˆ ‹‘”‡ˆ‹‹‰ …Š‡‹•–”› Ƭ ’”‘…‡••‡• ȋ™‘‘† ’—Ž’‹‰Ȁ„Ž‡ƒ…Š‹‰ǡ …Š‡‹…ƒŽ ‡‰‹‡‡”‹‰ǡ ’”‘…‡•• ‘†‡ŽŽ‹‰ǡ ƒ•• –”ƒ•ˆ‡” Ƭ –Š‡”ƒŽ ƒ•’‡…–•ǡ ‘’–‹‹œƒ–‹‘Ȁ•‹—Žƒ–‹‘ȌǢ Ž‹‰‘…‡ŽŽ—Ž‘•‹… …Š‡‹•–”›ǣ ”ƒ™ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ǡ „‹‘’‘Ž›‡”•ǡ ‘š‹†ƒ–‹˜‡ Ƭ ƒ‰‡‹‰ ’”‘…‡••‡•Ǣ ƒ† –Š‡ …Š‡‹…ƒŽ ƒƒŽ›•‹• ‘ˆ Ž‹‰‘…‡ŽŽ—Ž‘•‹… ƒ† †‡”‹˜‡† ’‘Ž›‡”•Ȁƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ• ȋ™‡– …Š‡‹…ƒŽ ‡–Š‘†•ǡ …Š”‘ƒ–‘‰”ƒ’Š‹… Ƭ •’‡…–”‘•…‘’‹…‡–Š‘†•ȌǤ ‡•—’‡”˜‹•‡†‘”…‘Ǧ•—’‡”˜‹•‡†ʹͷ’•ǡͳͷ’‘•–Ǧ†‘…•ƒ† —‡”‘—• ƒ•–‡” •–—†‡–•Ǥ ‡ …‘Ǧƒ—–Š‘”‡† ͹Ͳ ’—„Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘•ǡ ͳʹͲ …‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘• ‹ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘” ”‡…Š …‘ˆ‡”‡…‡•ǡ •‡‹ƒ”•ǡ Ͷ „‘‘ …Šƒ’–‡”• ƒ† ͷ ’ƒ–‡–•Ǥ ‡ ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‡• ‹ •’‡…‹ƒŽ‹œ‡†…‘ˆ‡”‡…‡•‘ˆ™‘‘†…Š‡‹•–•ȋǡ Ȍ•‹…‡ ͳͻͺ͹Ǥ‡Šƒ•„‡‡‹˜‘Ž˜‡†‹‘‡’”‘Œ‡…–ȋͶͳǡƒ•˜‹…‡Ǧ …Šƒ‹”ƒȌ ƒ† —‡”‘—• …‘ŽŽƒ„‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‘Œ‡…–• ȋƒ…ƒ†‡‹… ƒ† ‹†—•–”‹ƒŽȌǤ ‡ ‹• …—””‡–Ž› •‘Ž‹…‹–‡† ˆ‘” ƒ ”‡…Š ‘…–‘”ƒŽ Š‡•‹• Œ—”›‹ ”ƒ…‡ƒ†‹ˆ‘”‡‹‰…‘—–”‹‡•ȋ ‹Žƒ†ǡ™‡†‡ǡƒ†Š‡ ‡–Š‡”Žƒ†•ȌǤ‡Šƒ•„‡‡Š‡ƒ†‹‰–Š‡…Š‡‹…ƒŽ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š–‡ƒ‹  ʹˆ”‘ʹͲͲʹ–‘ʹͲͳʹǤ  ƒ‰‘”ƒǡ Š‡ ‰‹˜‡• Ž‡…–—”‡• ƒ† •—’‡”˜‹•‡• –Š‡ Žƒ„Ǥ ™‘”• ˆ‘” ‰‹‡‡”• Ƭ ƒ•–‡” •–—†‡–•Ǥ ‡ ‹• ƒŽ•‘ ‹˜‘Ž˜‡† ‹ ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ –”ƒ‹‹‰ ˆ‘” ’—Ž’ ‹ŽŽ• ‘” …Š‡‹…ƒŽ •—’’Ž‹‡”•ǡ ‹ –Š‡ –‘’‹…• ‘ˆ ™‘‘† ’—Ž’‹‰Ȁ„Ž‡ƒ…Š‹‰ ’”‘…‡••‡•ǡ …Š‡‹…ƒŽȀ–Š‡”ƒŽ ‡‰‹‡‡”‹‰ǡ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ ƒ† ƒƒŽ›–‹…ƒŽ …Š‡‹•–”›ǡ Ž‹‰‘…‡ŽŽ—Ž‘•‹… …Š‡‹•–”›ƒ†ƒƒŽ›•‹•Ǥ ‹•–‘ˆͳͲ•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–’—„Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘•ȋƒ‘‰–Š‡”‡…‡–‘‡•Ȍǣ ͳǤ ‡”ƒǦ‘‘” Ǥǡ ƒŽ‰‡” Ǥǡ ƒ”Ž‹ Ǥ ƒ† ‘”–Šƒ Ǥǡ ˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‹••‘Ž˜‹‰ ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ …‡ŽŽ—Ž‘•‹… ’—Ž’•ǣ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ ‘˜‡Ž ‡–Š‘† —•‹‰ Ž‹‰Š– •…ƒ––‡”‹‰ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™Ǧ—’ †—”‹‰ …Žƒ••‹…ƒŽ …‡ŽŽ—Ž‘•‡ …ƒ”„‘›Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‘Žœˆ‘”•…Š—‰ ȋ’‡ ……‡••Ȍǡ —„Ž‹•Š‡† Ǧ‹‡ ƒ—ƒ”› ʹͲʹ͵Ǥ ʹǤ •ƒ‹ƒƒŽ ǤǤǡ ƒ”Ž‹ Ǥǡ ”‘…Š‹‡”ǦƒŽ‘ ǤǤ ƒ† ‘”–Šƒ Ǥǡ ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ ‹˜‡”•ƒŽ ƒŽ‹„”ƒ–‹‘ ‡–Š‘† ˆ‘” ”—‡ ‘Žƒ” ƒ•• ‡–‡”‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ Ž—‘”‘Ǧ‡”‹˜ƒ–‹œ‡† ‡…Š‹…ƒŽ ‹‰‹•„›‹œ‡Ǧš…Ž—•‹‘Š”‘ƒ–‘‰”ƒ’Š›ǡ’’Ž‹‡†Š‡ʹͲʹʹǡʹǡ͵Ͳ–Ͷ͹Ǥ ͵Ǥ ƒŽ‰‡” Ǥǡ ƒ”Ž‹ Ǥǡ ‘”–Šƒ Ǥǡ ‘Ž–‘ Ǥǡ —„‘… Ǥǡ ›†”‘š›Ž ƒ†‹…ƒŽ ‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ „› –Š‡ ʹʹȀ—ȀŠ‡ƒ–Š”‘Ž‹‡›•–‡—†‡”‘–Š‡—–”ƒŽƒ†ŽƒŽ‹‡‘†‹–‹‘•ǣȀ’‹Ǧ ”ƒ’’‹‰˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ƒ—ƒ”›ʹͲʹͳǤ’’Ž‹‡†…‹‡…‡•ͳͳȋʹȌǣ͸ͺ͹Ǥ 19 19

ͶǤ ƒ”‡– Ǥǡ ‘”–Šƒ Ǥǡ ƒ”Ž‹ Ǥǡ ‘‹”‘ Ǥǡ ƒ‘—••‡ Ǥǡ ”— Ǥǡ ‘˜‡Ž ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘• ‘ –Š‡ ƒ‰‡‹‰ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘—” ‘ˆ –Š‡”ƒŽŽ› —’‰”ƒ†‡† ’ƒ’‡”• ˆ‘” ’‘™‡” –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•Ǣ ʹͲʹͲ ȋ —‡Ȍ  Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ•—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡”‡…‡ȋȌǡ’’Ǥ͵ʹͻǦ͵͵ͶǢ‘ˆ‡”‡…‡ƒ’‡”ȁ—„Ž‹•Š‡”ǣǤ ͷǤ ǦL. Dupont, D. Réau, P. Bégin, S. ParisǦLacombe, J. Tétreault, G. Mortha, Accurate molar masses ‘ˆ…‡ŽŽ—Ž‘•‡ˆ‘”–Š‡ †‡–‡”‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ†‡‰”ƒ†ƒ–‹‘ ”ƒ–‡• ‹…‘’Ž‡š’ƒ’‡”•ƒ’Ž‡•ǡƒ”„‘Š›†” ‘Ž›ǤʹͲͳͺ‡…ͳͷǡʹͲʹǡͳ͹ʹǦͳͺͷǤ ͸Ǥ Ǥ ƒ”…‘ǡ Ǥ ‘”–Šƒǡ Ǥ ƒ”Ž‹ǡ Ǥ ‘Ž–‘ǡ Ǥ —„‘…ǡ Ǥ —”‡–ǡ ‡™ ‹•‹‰Š–• ‹–‘ –Š‡ †‡…‘’‘•‹–‹‘‡…Šƒ‹•‘ˆ…ŠŽ‘”‹‡†‹‘š‹†‡ƒ–ƒŽƒŽ‹‡’ǡ‘Žœˆ‘”•…Š—‰͹ͳȋ͹ǦͺȌǡͷͻͻǦ͸ͳͲǡ ʹͲͳ͹Ǥ ͹Ǥ Ǥ ƒŽ‰‡”ǡ Ǥ ƒ”Ž‹ǡ Ǥ ‘Ž–‘ ƒ† Ǥ ‘”–Šƒǡ –—†› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹”‡…– ‡† ͺͳ †›‡Ȁ…‘’’‡”ȋȌǦ ’Š‡ƒ–Š”‘Ž‹‡•›•–‡ǡ‘Ž‡…—Ž‡•ǡʹͲͳ͹ǡʹ͵ǡʹͶʹǤȋʹ͵’ƒ‰‡•ȌǤ ͺǤ G. Mortha, J. Marcon, D. Dallérac, N. Marlin, C. Vallée, N. Charon, A. Le Masle, Depolymerization ‘ˆ…‡ŽŽ—Ž‘•‡†—”‹‰…‘Ž†ƒ…‹†‹……ŠŽ‘”‹–‡–”‡ƒ–‡–ǡ‘Žœˆ‘”•…Š—‰ǡ͸ͻȋ͸Ȍǡ͹͵ͳǦ͹͵͸ǡʹͲͳͷǤ ͻǤ Ǥ ‘—‰—‹”ǡ ǦL. Dupont, K. Fatyeyeva, G. Mortha, H. Cheradame, S. Ipert, B. Lavédrine, –”‡‰–Š‡‹‰ ‘ˆ †‡‰”ƒ†‡† …‡ŽŽ—Ž‘•‹… ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ —•‹‰ ƒ †‹ƒ‹‡ ƒŽ›Ž ƒŽ‘š›•‹Žƒ‡ǡ  †˜ƒ…‡•ǡʹǡ͹Ͷ͹ͲǦ͹Ͷ͹ͺǡʹͲͳʹǤ ǤǤ‹…‘–ǡ Ǥ‘”–ŠƒǡǤ —‡ˆˆǡ Ǥ ‘”–‹‡”ǡ  –Š‡”‘†›ƒ‹…ƒŽŽ› …‘•‹•–‡– ‘†‡Ž ˆ‘” „—”‡‹–‡ •‘Ž—„‹Ž‹–›ǡŠ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ…‹Ǥ͸ͺȋͳȌǡ͵ͺ͵Ǧ͵ͻͳǡʹͲͳʹǤ                              20

The exploitation of optical fibre-based plasmonic sensors for rapid analysis of power transformers insulating oils  Letizia De Maria, RSE, Italy  ’–‹…ƒŽ ˆ‹„”‡ •‡•‘”• ‘ˆˆ‡” ƒ †‡…‹•‹˜‡ •‘Ž—–‹‘ –‘ ‘‹–‘” …”‹–‹…ƒŽ ’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”• ‹ ’‘™‡” –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•ǡƒ•–Š‡›…ƒ‘’‡”ƒ–‡•ƒˆ‡Ž›‘‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ‡“—‹’‡–Ǥ—”ˆƒ…‡Žƒ•‘‡•‘ƒ…‡ȋȌ‹• ™‹†‡Ž›‡š’Ž‘‹–‡†ƒ• „ƒ•‹…†‡–‡…–‹‘’”‹…‹’Ž‡‘ˆ•‡•‘”•ˆ‘”†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ˆ‹‡Ž†‘ˆƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘ǡ•—…Šƒ• „‹‘ ƒ† …Š‡‹…ƒŽ •‡•‹‰Ǥ Š‡ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‹ ‘’–‹…ƒŽ ˆ‹„”‡• ƒ‡• –Š‡ ”‡‘–‡  •‡•‹‰ •–”ƒ‹‰Š–ˆ‘”™ƒ”† ƒ† •—‹–ƒ„Ž‡ ˆ‘” ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘• ƒŽ•‘ ‹ ’”‡•‡…‡ ‘ˆ Š‹‰Š ‡Ž‡…–”‘ƒ‰‡–‹… ‹–‡”ˆ‡”‡…‡•ǡ ƒ• ‹ –Š‡ …ƒ•‡ ‘ˆ ’‘™‡” –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•Ǥ  –Š‹• ™‘”ǡ ™‡ ”‡’‘”– ƒ ‘˜‡”˜‹‡™ ‘  ƒ‹ ”‡•—Ž–• ‘ˆ ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘ ˆ‡ƒ•‹„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ ‘’–‹…ƒŽ •‡•‘” „ƒ•‡† ‘ ƒ •›–Š‡–‹… ”‡…‡’–‘” ˆ‘” †‡–‡…–‹‘ǡ ‹ ‘‹Ž ƒ–”‹šǡ ‘ˆ ƒ”‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ’‡”Ǧ‘‹Ž‹•—Žƒ–‹‰•›•–‡†‡‰”ƒ†ƒ–‹‘‹‘‹ŽǦˆ‹ŽŽ‡†–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•Ǥ   Letizia De Maria”‡…‡‹˜‡†ƒǤǤ†‡‰”‡‡‹’Š›•‹…•ǡˆ”‘ –Š‡‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ‹Žƒǡ–ƒŽ›ǡ‹ͳͻͺͷǤŠ‡•–ƒ”–‡†Š‡”ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ƒ–  Ǥ’Ǥǡ ‹Žƒǡ ‘ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ƒ† †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ …‘Š‡”‡– ‘’–‹…ƒŽ ˆ‹„”‡ •‡•‘”• ƒ† •’‡…–”‘•…‘’‹… –‡…Š‹“—‡• ˆ‘” ‹†—•–”‹ƒŽ ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ Š‡ ‹• ƒ •‡‹‘” ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡” ƒ–  ‡•‡ƒ”…Š ‘ ‡”‰‡–‹… ›•–‡ Ǥ’Ǥǡ ”ƒ•‹••‹‘ ƒ† ‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ ‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡• ‡’ƒ”–‡–Ǣ Š‡” ƒ‹ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ˆ‘…—•‡• ‘ ‹‘˜ƒ–‹˜‡‘’–‹…ƒŽ•‡•‘”•ˆ‘”‘‹–‘”‹‰‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ‡“—‹’‡–‘ˆ –Š‡ ”ƒ•‹••‹‘ ƒ† ‹•–”‹„—–‹‘‡–™‘”ǤŠ‡‹• –Š‡ ƒ—–Š‘” ‘ˆ ’ƒ’‡”•‹‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŒ‘—”ƒŽ•ƒ†’”‘…‡‡†‹‰•ƒ–‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ …‘ˆ‡”‡…‡•Ǥ  ʹͲͳͷ •Š‡ Œ‘‹‡† –Š‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ Ž‡…–”‘–‡…Š‹…ƒŽ Committee (CT10) on “Fluids for Electrotechnical Applications”. ‹…‡ ʹͲͳ͹ •Š‡ ‹• ƒ ‡„‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡•‹†‡–‹ƒŽ ‘—…‹Žǡ –ƒŽ‹ƒ ‘…‹‡–› ˆ‘” ’–‹…• ƒ† Š‘–‘‹…• ȋ ȌǤ 21 21

Mineral oil and esters: Review on DGA interpretation criteria and related mechanism of gas formation Fabio Scatiggio, A&A Fratelli Parodi, Italy ‹“—‹† ‹•—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ —•—ƒŽŽ› ‹ •›‡”‰› ™‹–Š •‘Ž‹† ‹•—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ Šƒ• „‡‡ ƒ’’Ž‹‡† ‹ ’‘™‡” –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”• •‹…‡ –Š‡ †ƒ™ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ‹†—•–”›Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ‹†—…–‹‘ ™‹†‹‰•ǡ –Š‡ ’”‹‹–‹˜‡ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•ǡ –Š‡ ‹†—•–”‹ƒŽ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”• ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡† ‹ ͳͺͺͶǡ ™‡”‡ †”› –›’‡Ǥ Ž‹Š— Š‘’•‘ ’ƒ–‡–‡† –Š‡ —•‡ ‘ˆ ‹‡”ƒŽ ‘‹Ž ‹ ͳͺͺ͹ „—– ‘Ž› ‹ ͳͺͻͳ ‹‡”ƒŽ ‘‹Ž ˆ”‘ …”—†‡ ‘‹Ž ȋ’‡–”‘Ž‡—Ȍ ™ƒ• ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽŽ›—•‡†‹–Š‡‹•—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š”‡‡Ǧ’Šƒ•‡•–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•Ǥ ‘™ƒ†ƒ›•ǡ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ •–‹ŽŽ •‡…–‘”• ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡ ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ †”›Ǧ–›’‡ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”• ‹• ’”‡˜ƒŽ‡–ǡ–Š‡˜‡”›Žƒ”‰‡ƒŒ‘”‹–›‘ˆ‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ‡“—‹’‡–‹•‹‡”•‡†‹‹•—Žƒ–‹‰Ž‹“—‹†•Ǥ ”‡…‡––‹‡••‘‡‘–Š‡”Ž‹“—‹†•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ƒ•ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡–‘‹‡”ƒŽ‘‹ŽǤƒ–—”ƒŽƒ† •›–Š‡–‹… ‡•–‡”•ǡ Œ—•– –‘ ‡–‹‘ –Š‡ ‘•– ’‘’—Žƒ” ƒ† ƒ’’Ž‹‡† ‘‡•ǡ ‰ƒ‹‡† –Š‡ ƒ––‡–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ƒ”‡– †—‡ –‘ •‘‡ ‹‘˜ƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‘’‡”–‹‡• —‘™ ‹ –Š‡ ‹‡”ƒŽ ‘‹Ž•ǡ Ž‹‡ǣ Š‹‰Š ˆ‹”‡ ’‘‹– ™Š‹…Š ”‡†—…‡• –Š‡ ”‹• ‘ˆ ˆ‹”‡ǡ ˆ—ŽŽ› „‹‘†‡‰”ƒ†ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ™Š‹…Š †”ƒ•–‹…ƒŽŽ› Ž‹‹–• –Š‡ ‡˜‹”‘‡– …‘–ƒ‹ƒ–‹‘ ‹ …ƒ•‡ ‘ˆ Ž‡ƒƒ‰‡•ǡ Š‹‰Š ™ƒ–‡” –‘Ž‡”ƒ…‡ ™Š‹…Š ‡š–‡†• –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡” Ž‹ˆ‡ ƒ†ǡ •—•–ƒ‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›™‹–ŠŠ‹‰Šʹ•ƒ˜‹‰„‡…ƒ—•‡–Š‡•‘—”…‡‹•ƒ–—”ƒŽȋ˜‡‰‡–ƒ„Ž‡ȌǤ • ™‡ŽŽǦ‘™ ’‘™‡” –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡” ‹• ƒ •‘”– ‘ˆ „Žƒ… „‘š ‹ƒ……‡••‹„Ž‡ ™Š‡ ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‰ǡ •‘ ‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ–‡•–•”‡“—‹”‡–Š‡‡“—‹’‡–‘—–ƒ‰‡Ǥ ›™ƒ›ǡ†‡•’‹–‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‹’—”’‘•‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‹•—Žƒ–‹‘Ž‹“—‹†•ȋ–Š‡†‹‡Ž‡…–”‹…‹•—Žƒ–‹‘ƒ†–Š‡ Š‡ƒ– †‹••‹’ƒ–‹‘ ‰‡‡”ƒ–‡† ˆ”‘ Ž‘ƒ† ƒ† ‘ǦŽ‘ƒ† Ž‘••‡•Ȍ ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ› ‹•—Žƒ–‹‰ Ž‹“—‹† ƒ…–• ƒ• ƒ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ …ƒ””‹‡”Ǥ ›Ǧ’”‘†—…–• ˆ‘”‡† „› †‡‰”ƒ†ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •‘Ž‹† ƒ† Ž‹“—‹† ‹•—Žƒ–‹‘ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ• ƒ”‡‰ƒ•‡‘—•ǡŽ‹“—‹†ǡƒ†•‘Ž‹†ƒ†‹ˆ†‡–‡…–‡†–Š‡‹”…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘Ž‡ƒ†•–‘–Š‡‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•–ƒ–‡ ‘ˆ–Š‡–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”Ǥ  ‘–Š‡” ™‘”†•ǡ ‹•—Žƒ–‹‰ ˆŽ—‹† ‹• –‘ –Š‡ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡” ™Šƒ– „Ž‘‘† ‹• –‘ –Š‡ Š—ƒ „‘†›ǡ ƒ† †‹••‘Ž˜‡†‰ƒ•ƒƒŽ›•‹•ȋ Ȍ‹•‹†‹•’—–ƒ„Ž›–Š‡‘•–’”‡…‹•‡–‡…Š‹“—‡ˆ‘”ƒ••‡••‹‰–Š‡–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡” …‘†‹–‹‘Ǥ It’s now easy to perceive how important is to exactly know the mechanism of gas formation of –Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Ž‹“—‹†•‹‘”†‡”–‘ƒ’’Ž›’”‘’‡”Ž›–Š‡‡š‹•–‹‰…”‹–‡”‹ƒ‘ˆ ‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ 22 22

Fabio Scatiggio ™ƒ• „‘” ‹ ‡‡œ‹ƒǡ –ƒŽ›ǡ ‹ ͳͻͷ͹Ǥ ˆ–‡” ‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‹‰ ‹ …Š‡‹•–”›ǡ Š‡ ™ƒ• ™‹–Š  ƒ† –Š‡ ™‹–Š ‡”ƒ ‡–‡ –ƒŽ‹ƒ ƒ• Š‡‹…ƒŽ ƒ„‘”ƒ–‘”› ƒƒ‰‡”Ǥ —””‡–Ž›ǡ Š‡ ‹• ™‹–Š Ƭ ”ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹ƒ”‘†‹ƒ•ƒ•‡‹‘”ƒ†˜‹•‘”‘Ž‹“—‹†•ˆ‘”‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ ‡‹•–Š‡Šƒ‹”ƒ‘ˆͳͲȋˆŽ—‹†•ˆ‘”‡Ž‡…–”‘–‡…Š‹…ƒŽƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘•Ȍ‘ˆ –Š‡ –ƒŽ‹ƒ Ž‡…–”‘–‡…Š‹…ƒŽ ‘‹––‡‡ ȋȌǤ ‡ ‹• ƒ ‡„‡” ‘ˆƒ› ͳͲ™‘”‹‰‰”‘—’•ƒ†…‘˜‡‡”‘ˆ͸ʹͻ͹ͷȋ‹Ǧ•‡”˜‹…‡ƒ–—”ƒŽ ‡•–‡”•ȌǤ‡‹•ƒŽ•‘ƒˆ—ŽŽ‡„‡”‘ˆ Ǧʹȋ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•Ȍƒ†Ǧ ͳ ȋ‡‡”‰‹‰ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•Ȍ ƒ† …Šƒ‹” ‘ˆ   ͳȀʹǤ͹͹ ȋŽ‹“—‹† –‡•– ‘ ‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ‡“—‹’‡–ȌǤ ‡ ‹• ƒŽ•‘ ƒ ‡‹‘” ‡„‡” ƒ† ‡˜‹‡™‹‰ —–Š‘” ˆ‘” ǡ ƒ† ƒ ‡„‡” ‘ˆ  ʹ͹ ‘‹––‡‡Ǥ ” …ƒ–‹‰‰‹‘ Šƒ• ’—„Ž‹•Š‡† ƒ› •…‹‡–‹ˆ‹… ’ƒ’‡”• ™‹–Š ƒ ˆ‘…—• ‘ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•  †‹ƒ‰‘•‹• „›  ǡ ‘ ’”‘„Ž‡• ”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ –Š‡ ’”‡•‡…‡ ‘ˆ …‘””‘•‹˜‡  sulphur in oil, on transformers’ Health Index, on Natural Insulating  •–‡”•ǡ ‘ ‡™ ‘’–‹…ƒŽ •‡•‘”• ˆ‘” ‘ǦŽ‹‡ ‘‹–‘”‹‰ǡ ‘   decontamination techniques, etc. Mr Scatiggio received the “IEC Award  1906” in 2008 and was awarded as “CIGRE Distinguished Member” in  ʹͲͳʹǤ 23 23

Insulating oil life cycle: A utility’s experience AE Lombard, Eskom Holdings (SOC), South Africa Š‡ ‡Ž‡…–”‹…‹–› ƒ…–ǡ …– Ͷʹ ‘ˆ ͳͻʹʹǡ ƒŽŽ‘™‡† –Š‡ ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‡…–”‹…‹–› —’’Ž› ‘‹••‹‘ ˆ‘” ™Š‹…Š –Š‡ ƒ…”‘› •‘ „‡…ƒ‡ …—•–‘ƒ”›Ǥ •‘ Šƒ• ”‡ƒ‹‡† –Š‡ ƒŒ‘” ‘—–Š ˆ”‹…ƒ —–‹Ž‹–› ˆ‘” –Š‡ ’ƒ•– ͳͲͲ ›‡ƒ”•Ǥ •‘ Šƒ• –Š—• ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡† –Š‡ ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ ‘ˆ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”ǡ ‹•—Žƒ–‹‰ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ• ƒ† ƒ—š‹Ž‹ƒ”› ‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ‡“—‹’‡– –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰›Ǥ ”‘‰”‡•• ‹ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡” –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰› †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”Ž› ›‡ƒ”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– …‡–—”› ™ƒ• „ƒ•‡† ‘ ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡ ‘”‡ –Šƒ •…‹‡…‡Ǥ ”‘‰”‡•• †—”‹‰ –Š‡ •‡…‘† …‡–—”› ‹• •…‹‡…‡ „ƒ•‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ ”‹‰‘”‘—• †‡•‹‰ …‘–”‘Ž ’”‘…‡†—”‡• –‘ ‡•—”‡ ‹‘˜ƒ–‹˜‡ …Šƒ‰‡• ƒ”‡ …‘””‡…–Ž› ”‡˜‹‡™‡†Ǥ Š‹•ǡ ƒ‘‰•– ‘–Š‡”ǡ ‹…Ž—†‡ –Š‡ —–‹Ž‹•ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ†˜ƒ…‡† …‘’—–‡” ‘†‡ŽŽ‹‰ –‘ ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š –Š‡ †‡”‹˜ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ …Šƒ‰‡ ƒ† ˆ‘”‡•‡‡ ƒŽŽ …‘•‡“—‡…‡•‘ˆ‘†‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘•‘–Š‡–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”‹–‡•–‘”•‡”˜‹…‡Ǥ ‹‰Š ”‡Ž‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ƒ– Ž‘™‡” …‘•– ™‹–Š ‹‹— …‘•–”—…–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ• ƒ† ”‡†—…–‹‘ ‹ •‹œ‡ ƒ”‡ major requirements. Focus within this industry has also shifted the contribution of “greener” ‡Ž‡…–”‹…‹–› †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ ‡–™‘”•Ǥ Š‡ •‡…‘† …‡–—”› ƒŽ•‘ •‡‡• –Š‡ ‡’Šƒ•‹• ‘ –Š‡ —–‹Ž‹•ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ”‡‡™ƒ„Ž‡ •—•–ƒ‹ƒ„Ž‡ ”‡•‘—”…‡• ™‹–Š ‹•—Žƒ–‹‰ ‘‹Ž• †‡”‹˜‡† ˆ”‘ •‘›ƒǡ …ƒ‘Žƒǡ ƒ† ”ƒ’‡•‡‡†Ǥ ‘” •‘ǡ –Š‡•‡ …”‘’• —•– „‡ ˆ”‘ ‘—–Š ˆ”‹…ƒ •‘‹Žǡ –Š—• ‡š’ƒ†‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‘…ƒŽ ‘‹Ž•‡‡† ˜ƒŽ—‡ …Šƒ‹ —’•–”‡ƒ–Š”‘—‰Šƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽˆƒ”‹‰ƒ†ƒ‰”‘Ǧ’”‘…‡••‹‰ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•Ǥ •—Žƒ–‹‰‘‹ŽŠƒ•”‡ƒ‹‡†ƒ ’”‘‹‡– ”‘Ž‡ ’Žƒ›‡”‹–Š‡ ‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ‹†—•–”›–Š”‘—‰Š‘—––Š‡ ›‡ƒ”•Ǥ Š‡ —–‹Ž‹•ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† —•‡ˆ—Ž‡•• ‘ˆ ‡ƒ•—”‡‡– ‘ˆ …Š‡‹…ƒŽ ƒ† ’Š›•‹…ƒŽ ’”‘’‡”–‹‡• ‘ˆ ‘‹Ž ƒ”‡ ˜‹–ƒŽ–‘‡•—”‡‘’–‹‹•‡†‡“—‹’‡–’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ…‡ƒ†Ž‹ˆ‡‡š’‡…–ƒ…›ǤŠ‡†‡’‡†‡…‡‘‘‹ŽƒƒŽ›•‡• Šƒ• ‡•…ƒŽƒ–‡† ‘˜‡” –Š‡ ’ƒ•– ˆ‡™ †‡…ƒ†‡• ƒ† —‡”‘—• ‡™ –‡…Š‹“—‡• Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ‹–”‘†—…‡† ƒ† ƒ†‘’–‡†–‘ƒƒŽ›•‡‘‹Žǡ†‡–‡”‹‡–Š‡†‡‰”ƒ†ƒ–‹‘ƒ†„”‡ƒ†‘™’”‘†—…–•ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•…‘–ƒ‹ƒ–•‹ ‘‹ŽǤ Š‡•‡ ƒƒŽ›–‹…ƒŽ ”‡•—Ž–• Šƒ˜‡ „‡…‘‡ …”‹–‹…ƒŽ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‹ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡” ƒƒ‰‡‡–ǡ …‘†‹–‹‘ ‘‹–‘”‹‰’”‘‰”ƒ•ǡ’Žƒ–Š‡ƒ–Š‹†‹…ƒ–‘”•ǡ‡†‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†ˆƒ—Ž–†‡–‡…–‹‘Ǥ Š‹•’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘™‹ŽŽˆ‘…—•‘–Š‡ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰›†—”‹‰ƒ……‡’–ƒ…‡ǡ•‡”˜‹…‡Ž‹ˆ‡ƒ† †‹•’‘•ƒŽ‘ˆ‹•—Žƒ–‹‰‘‹Ž–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡—–‹Ž‹•ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡“—‹’‡–•—…Šƒ• ƒ•…Š”‘ƒ–‘‰”ƒ’Š›ȋ ȌǡǦ”ƒ› Ž—‘”‡•…‡…‡ ȋ Ȍǡ ‘—”‹‡” ”ƒ•ˆ‘” ˆ”ƒ”‡† ȋ Ȍǡ ‹‰Š ‡”ˆ‘”ƒ…‡ ‹“—‹† Š”‘ƒ–‘‰”ƒ’Š› ȋȌǡ ƒ• …Š”‘ƒ–‘‰”ƒ’Š›  ƒ• …Š”‘ƒ–‘‰”ƒ’Š› Ǧ ‹‡ ‘ˆ Ž‹‰Š– ƒ•• ’‡…–”‘‡–”› ȋ  Ǧ  Ȍ ƒ† —ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ ˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‹‡”ƒŽ• …ƒ‹‰ Ž‡…–”‘ ‹…”‘•…‘’› ȋȌǤ  ‘‡ …ƒ•‡ •–—†‹‡• ™‹ŽŽ „‡ •Šƒ”‡† ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡•‡ –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡• ™‡”‡ —–‹Ž‹•‡† –‘ ƒ••‹•– ‹–Š‡ †‡–‡”‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ …Š‡‹…ƒŽ…‘’‘—†•’”‡•‡–‹–Š‡‘‹Ž–Šƒ–ƒ›Šƒ˜‡…‘–”‹„—–‡†ƒ†”‡•—Ž–‡†‹‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ‡“—‹’‡– †‡–‡”‹‘”ƒ–‹‘ǡˆƒ—Ž–•‘”ˆƒ‹Ž—”‡Ǥ ‰‹‡‡”•ǡ •…‹‡–‹•–• ƒ† ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ› …Š‡‹•–• …‘–‹—‡ –‘ ƒ˜‹‰ƒ–‡ ƒ ‡š…‡‡†‹‰Ž› †‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž– –‡””ƒ‹ ’ƒ˜‡† ™‹–Š •‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ– …ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•Ǥ Š‡•‡ ƒ”‡ ‹†‡‡† ‡š…‹–‹‰ –‹‡• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‡‰‹‡‡”‹‰ ƒ† •…‹‡…‡ ˆ”ƒ–‡”‹–‹‡•ǡ ™Š‘ —•– ’Žƒ› ƒ Ž‡ƒ†‹‰ ”‘Ž‡ –‘™ƒ”†• ‹ˆŽ—‡…‹‰ –Š‡ ‡‡”‰› Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡ ‘ˆ ‘—” ’Žƒ‡–Ǥ  24     24

Annalie Lombard …‘‡…‡† Š‡” …ƒ”‡‡” †—”‹‰ ͳͻͺͳ ƒ– Eskom, Johannesburg SA. She obtained her Master’s degree in Applied …‹‡…‡•ƒ–•Š™ƒ‡‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ‡…Š‘Ž‘‰›ǤŠ‡…‘’Ž‡–‡††‹’Ž‘ƒ• ‹ ”‘Œ‡…– ƒƒ‰‡‡–ǡ ƒƒ‰‡” ‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ƒ† ƒŽŽ —•‹‡•• ƒƒ‰‡‡–ƒ–ƒ‡Ž‹n, whilst in Eskom’s Applied Chemistry section. During the early 2000’s she became the manager of the Eskom Central Ž‘™ ƒ† ‡–”‘Ž‡— Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‘”‹‡• ƒ– •‘ ƒ† †‡…‡–”ƒŽ‹•‡† –Š‡ ”‘—–‹‡ „—•‹‡•• –‘ ͳͶ „”ƒ…Š Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‘”‹‡• ‹ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• ƒŒ‘” ‘—–Š ˆ”‹…ƒ…‹–‹‡•ǤʹͲͳͲ•Š‡™ƒ•’”‘‘–‡†–‘‘”’‘”ƒ–‡’‡…‹ƒŽ‹•–ˆ‘”–Š‡ •‘ ‡–”‘Ž‡— Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‘”‹‡• ˆ‘…—••‹‰ ‘ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Šǡ –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰› †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ƒ† ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘•ǤŠ‡ Šƒ• …‘’Ž‡–‡† —‡”‘—• ”‡Žƒ–‡† ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ’”‘Œ‡…–•ǡ Šƒ• ƒ—–Š‘”‡† •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ’—„Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘• ‘ ‘‹Ž ƒ† ‹•—Žƒ–‹‰ ‰ƒ• ƒƒŽ›•‹• ƒ† ™ƒ• ‹•–”—‡–ƒŽ ‹ ’”‘˜‹†‹‰ •‘ ™‹–Š –Š‡ˆ‹”•––‡•–‹‰ˆƒ…‹Ž‹–›‹ˆ”‹…ƒǡƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•ƒ—„‡”‘ˆ•–ƒ†ƒ”†• ƒ†’”‘…‡†—”ƒŽ™‘”•ǤŠ‡‹•…—””‡–Ž›–Š‡‘—–Šˆ”‹…ƒ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ –‘   ͳͲ ‘ ‡Ž‡…–”‘Ǧ–‡…Š‹…ƒŽ ˆŽ—‹†• ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• ˜ƒ”‹‘—•   …‘‹––‡‡• ƒ† –Š‡ •‘ ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘ –Š‡ ‘„Ž‡ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”‘‹Ž…‘‹––‡‡Ǥ                                  25 25

Stray Gassing of Insulating oils- Transformer condition assessment tool Anabela Peixoto, EDP Labelec, Portugal ‘™‡”–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•ƒ”‡–Š‡‘•–‡š’‡•‹˜‡ƒ†…”‹–‹…ƒŽ‡“—‹’‡–‹–Š‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ›•–‡Ǥ †‡“—ƒ–‡ ’‘™‡” –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡” …‘†‹–‹‘ ƒ••‡••‡– ’”‡•‡–• •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•ǡ ‹ –‡”• ‘ˆ ‹…”‡ƒ•‡†•ƒˆ‡–›ǡ”‡†—…–‹‘‘ˆ†‹”‡…–ƒ†‹†‹”‡…–…‘•–•ǡ‹…”‡ƒ•‡†”‡Ž‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ǡƒ‘‰‘–Š‡”•Ǥ   ȋ†‹••‘Ž˜‡† ‰ƒ• ƒƒŽ›•‹•Ȍ ‹• –Š‡ ‘•– ”‡…‘‰‹œ‡† –‘‘Ž ˆ‘” –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡” ‘‹–‘”‹‰Ǥ ‡’‡†‹‰‘–Š‡–›’‡‘ˆ‰ƒ•‡•ƒƒŽ›œ‡†ǡ–Š‡‹”“—ƒ–‹–›ƒ†–Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡ƒ„—†ƒ…‡•‘ˆ•‘‡‰ƒ•‡•ǡ‹– ‹•’‘••‹„Ž‡–‘…‘…Ž—†‡ƒ„‘—––Š‡…‘†‹–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ •‘‡ ‘‹Ž•ǡ —†‡” –Š‡”ƒŽǦ‘š‹†ƒ–‹˜‡ •–”‡•• ƒ– –‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡• …‘•‹†‡”‡† —•—ƒŽ ˆ‘” ‘”ƒŽ ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‰ …‘†‹–‹‘•ǡ …ƒ ’”‘†—…‡ ‰ƒ•‡• †—‡ –‘ ‹–• …‘•–‹–—‡–• ƒ† ‘– …‘‡…–‡† –‘ ƒ ‹–‡”ƒŽ ˆƒ—Ž– ‘ˆ –Š‡ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”Ǥ Š‹• ’Š‡‘‡‘ ‹– ‹• …ƒŽŽ‡† –”ƒ› ‰ƒ••‹‰Ǥ Š‡ –›’‹…ƒŽ ‰ƒ• …‘’‘•‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ •–”ƒ› ‰ƒ••‹‰ …‘’”‹•‡• Š›†”‘‰‡ǡ ‡–Šƒ‡ ƒ† ƒ‹Ž› ‡–Šƒ‡Ǥ  –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” Šƒ†ǡ –Š‡•‡‰ƒ•‡•‹…‡”–ƒ‹…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘•ǡ…ƒƒŽ•‘ƒ”‹•‡‹–Š‡‘‹Žƒ•–Š‡”‡•—Ž–‘ˆ–Š‡–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”–Š‡”ƒŽ defects at low temperature (< 300 °C).This situation can promote a diagnostic difficulty: when these ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ ‰ƒ•‡•ƒ”‡†‡–‡…–‡†‹…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘• ƒ„‘˜‡ –Š‡ ‘”ƒŽ˜ƒŽ—‡•ˆ‘”–Š‡ •–—†‹‡†’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ ƒ”‡™‡‹–Š‡’”‡•‡…‡‘ˆƒ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”†‡ˆ‡…–‘”ƒ”‡™‡‹–Š‡’”‡•‡…‡‘ˆ•–”ƒ›‰ƒ••‹‰ǫ ƒ„‡Ž‡…ǡ–Š‡Žƒ„’”‘…‡†—”‡‘ˆ•–”ƒ›‰ƒ••‹‰•’‡…‹ˆ‹‡†ˆ‘”‡™‘‹Ž•ȋ͸Ͳʹͻ͸Ȍ‹•ƒ’’Ž‹‡† –‘‘‹Ž•‹•‡”˜‹…‡Ǥ–Š‹••‹–—ƒ–‹‘ǡ™‡…‘’ƒ”‡–Š‡‰ƒ•‡•†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†ƒˆ–‡”†‡‰ƒ••‹‰ƒ†ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡”ƒŽ •–”‡••ƒ†…‘’ƒ”‡™‹–Š–Š‡‰ƒ•‘„–ƒ‹‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”‹•‡”˜‹…‡ǤŠ‹•‡–Š‘†Š‡Ž’•–Š‡—•‡”• –‘ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‡ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ ‰‡—‹‡ ˆƒ—Ž– ‘ˆ ƒ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡” ƒ† –Š‡ •–”ƒ› ‰ƒ••‹‰ †—‡ –‘ –Š‡”ƒŽǦ ‘š‹†ƒ–‹˜‡•–”‡••Ǥ Š‡ •–”ƒ› ‰ƒ••‹‰ ‘ˆ an oil, however doesn´t mean a problem of the oil, neither a nonǦ …‘’Ž‹ƒ…‡ ™‹–Š –Š‡ •’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘”ƒŽ ‰”ƒ†‡ ‘‹Ž ȋŽ‹‹–• ƒ”‡ ‘Ž› ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡† ˆ‘” Š‹‰Š ‰”ƒ†‡ ‘‹ŽȌǤ Ž–Š‘—‰Š –Š‡•‡ ‹••—‡• …ƒ …‘ˆ—•‡ –Š‡ —•‡”•ǡ –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡• –‘ ”‡†—…‡ –Š‡ ’”‘†—…–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –›’‹…ƒŽ ‰ƒ•‡• ”‡Žƒ–‡† ™‹–Š •–”ƒ› ‰ƒ••‹‰ ȋƒ‹Ž› –Šƒ‡Ȍǡ ƒ† ™‡ ”‡…‘‡† •‘‡ ‡–Š‘†‘Ž‘‰‹‡• –‘ ‹–‹‰ƒ–‡–Š‡’”‘†—…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•‡‰ƒ•‡•Ǥ               26 26

Anabela Peixoto Šƒ• ƒ †‡‰”‡‡ ‹ Š‡‹…ƒŽ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰  ƒ† –™‘ ’‘•–‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‹‘ †‡‰”‡‡• ‹ ƒƒ‰‡‡– ˆ”‘ ‹•„‘ ‹˜‡”•‹–›Ǥ   Š‡ Šƒ• „‡‡ ™‘”‹‰ ‹ –Š‡  ƒ„‡Ž‡… ȋ…‘’ƒ› ˆ”‘  ‡”‰› ‘ˆ ‘”–—‰ƒŽȌ •‹…‡ ͳͻͻͳǡ ƒ† „‡…ƒ‡ –Š‡ Š‡ƒ† ‘ˆ –Š‡  •—Žƒ–‹‰ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•‡’ƒ”–‡–•‹…‡ʹͲͳ͵Ǥ   ‡” ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ ƒ…–‹˜‹–› Šƒ• „‡‡ ˆ‘…—•‡† ‘ –Š‡ ˆ‹‡Ž† ‘ˆ  ‘‹–‘”‹‰ ‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”• –Š”‘—‰Š ƒƒŽ›•‹• ‘ˆ ‘‹Ž ƒ†  ’ƒ’‡”Ǥ Š‡ ‹• ‡‰ƒ‰‡† ‹   ͳ ƒ† ʹ ƒ†   ͳͲ  ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•Ǥ   27

Women in Power Dr. Jelena Ponoćko, Scottish Power Energy Networks, United Kingdom Š‡Ž‡…–—”‡™‹ŽŽ„‡’”‡•‡–‡†–Š‡‘™‡”ƒ†‡”‰›‘…‹‡–›ȋȌǡ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ”‰‡•–ƒ† ‘•– ‹ˆŽ—‡–‹ƒŽ ‡‰‹‡‡”‹‰ ‹•–‹–—–‹‘• ‹ –Š‡ ™‘”Ž†ǡ ™‹–Š ‘˜‡” ͶͲͲǡͲͲͲ ‡„‡”•Ǥ  ‹• ™‹†‡Ž› ‘™–‘–Š‡•…‹‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ†’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ’—„Ž‹…ˆ‘”–Š‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆ–‡…Š‹…ƒŽ•–ƒ†ƒ”†•ǡ—‡”‘—• ™‘”‹‰ ‰”‘—’•ǡ –Š‡ ‘•– ’”‡•–‹‰‹‘—• •…‹‡–‹ˆ‹… Œ‘—”ƒŽ•ǡ ƒ† ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ …‘ˆ‡”‡…‡•Ǥ Š‡ Ž‡…–—”‡ ™‹ŽŽ •’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒŽŽ› †‡ƒŽ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‘‡ ‹ ‘™‡” ȋȌ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ™‹–Š‹  ǡ ™Š‹…Š ‹• ƒ‹‡† ƒ– •—’’‘”–‹‰ ™‘‡ ‹ ‡‡”‰›ǡ ˆ”‘ ‡…‘—”ƒ‰‹‰ ›‘—‰ ’‡‘’Ž‡ –‘ ‡†—…ƒ–‹‘ ‹ ‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ‡‰‹‡‡”‹‰ǡ –Š”‘—‰Š‡–‘”‹‰ƒ––Š‡„‡‰‹‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡‹”…ƒ”‡‡”•ƒ†…ƒ”‡‡”’Žƒ‹‰ǡ–‘’‡”•‘ƒŽ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ• ƒ ”‡‰—Žƒ”   ‡„‡” ƒ† ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘ˆ  ‡‰‹‘ ͺ ȋ—”‘’‡ǡ ‹††Ž‡ ƒ•–ǡ ƒ† ˆ”‹…ƒȌǡ ‡Ž‡ƒ ™‹ŽŽ •Šƒ”‡ Š‡” ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡• ‘ –Š‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ…‡ ‘ˆ ‡„‡”•Š‹’ ‹ ‹•–‹–—–‹‘• •—…Š ƒ• ǡ ‘– ‘Ž›ˆ‘”’‡”•‘ƒŽ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–„—–ƒŽ•‘ˆ‘”™‹†‡”–‡…Š‹…ƒŽƒ†•‘…‹ƒŽ‹’ƒ…–Ǥ     Dr. Jelena Ponoćkoǡ ‡ƒ† ‰‹‡‡”ǡ …‘––‹•Š ‘™‡” ‡”‰› ‡–™‘”•ǡ ǡ … ƒ† … ƒ– –Š‡ ƒ…—Ž–› ‘ˆ Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ǡ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ ‡Ž‰”ƒ†‡ǡ ŠǤǤ ƒ– –Š‡ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ ƒ…Š‡•–‡”ǡǡ‹–Š‡ˆ‹‡Ž†‘ˆˆŽ‡š‹„Ž‡…‘•—’–‹‘ƒƒ‰‡‡– ƒ† ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ”–‹ˆ‹…‹ƒŽ ‹–‡ŽŽ‹‰‡…‡ ˆ‘” ‡Ž‡…–”‹…‹–› …‘•—’–‹‘ ’”‘ˆ‹Ž‹‰Ǥ …‹‡–‹ˆ‹… ‡‰ƒ‰‡‡–ǣ ˜‡” ͷͲ ’—„Ž‹•Š‡† ’ƒ’‡”• ƒ† –‡…Š‹…ƒŽ ”‡’‘”–•ǡ Ž‡ƒ†‹‰ ™‘” ’ƒ…ƒ‰‡• ‹ –Š”‡‡ ‘”‹œ‘ ’”‘Œ‡…–•ǡ ƒ† …—””‡–Ž› Ž‡ƒ†‹‰ –Š‡  ’”‘Œ‡…– ™‹–Š –Š‡‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆƒ…Š‡•–‡”Ǥ                  28 28

Monitoring & Diagnostic Center (MDC)  Milan Đorđević, JSC EPS, Serbia ”‘Œ‡…– ̶‘‹–‘”‹‰ Ƭ ‹ƒ‰‘•–‹… ‡–‡”̶ǡ ™Š‹…Š ‹• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‡‡†• ‘ˆ  ǡ ƒ”‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† „› –Š‡ Ž‡…–”‘–‡…Š‹…ƒŽ •–‹–—–‡ ̶‹‘Žƒ ‡•Žƒ̶ ƒ† …Š‘‘Ž ‘ˆ Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ǡ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ ‡Ž‰”ƒ†‡ǤŠ‡•›•–‡‡ƒ„Ž‡•…‘•–ƒ–‹•‹‰Š–‹–‘–Š‡•–ƒ–‡‡›’‘™‡”‡“—‹’‡–‹–Š‡–Š”‡‡Žƒ”‰‡•– ’‘™‡” ’Žƒ–• ‹ ‡”„‹ƒǣ ’‘™‡” ’Žƒ–• ̶‹‘Žƒ ‡•Žƒ̶  ƒ†  ƒ† Š›†”‘‡Ž‡…–”‹… ’‘™‡” ’Žƒ– \"Đerdap ͳ̶Ǥ Š‡ ‰‘ƒŽ ‹• „‡––‡” ƒƒ‰‡‡– ‘ˆ ‡› ”‡•‘—”…‡• ‹ ‡‡”‰› ’”‘†—…–‹‘ǡ –Š”‘—‰Š …‘–‹—‘—• ‘‹–‘”‹‰ –Š‡ …‘†‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡“—‹’‡–ǡ –‘ ƒ‡ –Š‡ —„‡” —’Žƒ‡† †‘™–‹‡ †—‡ –‘ –Š‡ …ƒ…‡ŽŽƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‹• ‡“—‹’‡– ”‡†—…‡† –‘ ƒ ‹‹—Ǥ Š‡ •›•–‡ •Š‘—Ž† •‡”˜‡ ƒ• ƒ „ƒ•‹• ˆ‘” –Š‡ –”ƒ•‹–‹‘ˆ”‘’‡”‹‘†‹…ƒ‹–‡ƒ…‡–‘ƒ‹–‡ƒ…‡‡“—‹’‡–ƒ……‘”†‹‰–‘…‘†‹–‹‘Ǥ Š‡•›•–‡ ™‹ŽŽ •‡”˜‡ ƒ• ƒ –‘‘Ž ‹ ƒ‹–‡ƒ…‡ ƒ† ˆ—–—”‡ ’Žƒ‹‰ ‹˜‡•–‡–Ǥ Š‡ ’”‘Œ‡…– ̶‘‹–‘”‹‰ Ƭ ‹ƒ‰‘•–‹… ‡–‡”̶‹•…—””‡–Ž›‹–Š‡ •‡…‘†’Šƒ•‡ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘Ǥš’‡”–•‘ˆ–Š‡ •–‹–—–‡ ̶‹‘Žƒ ‡•Žƒ̶‹•…‘•–ƒ–Ž›‘‹–‘”‹‰–Š‡•‹–—ƒ–‹‘‡›’‘™‡”‡“—‹’‡–ǣ‰‡‡”ƒ–‘”ǡ„Ž‘…–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”ǡ•‡ŽˆǦ …‘•—’–‹‘–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•ǡ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡‰‡‡”ƒŽ‰”‘—’ƒ†‡š…‹–ƒ–‹‘–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”ƒ†ƒ„‘—–‹– ”‡’‘”––‘–Š‡Ǥ Š‡ ƒ‹ •…‘’‡ ‘ˆ –Š‹• ’”‘Œ‡…– ‹• ”‡‘–‡ ‘‹–‘”‹‰ ƒ† †‹ƒ‰‘•–‹…•ǡ —’†ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡ ‡ƒ•—”‡‡– †ƒ–ƒ„ƒ•‡ǡ ƒ† ”‡’‘”–‹‰ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ƒ‹ ’‘™‡” ‡“—‹’‡–ǣ ‰‡‡”ƒ–‘”• ƒ† ’‘™‡” –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡”•Ǥ ƒ‹…ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•‹‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰‘‹–‘”‹‰Ƭ‹ƒ‰‘•–‹…•‡–‡”ǣ  Development & implementation of operational procedure tailored to user’s existing ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƬ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ƒŽ•…Š‡‡•  ”‘˜‹†‹‰ƒ†‡“—ƒ–‡”‡•‘—”…‡•  ’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ•‡…—”‡…‘‡…–‹‘  –‡‰”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ–Š‡‹•–ƒŽŽ‡†‘‹–‘”‹‰•›•–‡  ƒ–ƒƒ…“—‹•‹–‹‘ȋ’”‘…‡••†ƒ–ƒƬ†ƒ–ƒˆ”‘‘‹–‘”‹‰•›•–‡•Ȍ  ‘‹–‘”‹‰•›•–‡ƒ‹–‡ƒ…‡  ”ƒ•‹–‹‘–‘Ƭ     Milan ĐorđevićǡŠ‡ƒ†‘ˆ–Š‡•‡”˜‹…‡ˆ‘”–Š‡‹’”‘˜‡‡–  ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‡…Š‹…ƒŽ •›•–‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’‘™‡” ’Žƒ–ǡ ˆ”‘  Ž‡–”‘’”‹˜”‡†ƒ ”„‹Œ‡Ǥ ‡ ‹• ƒ …‘‹••‹‘‡” ˆ‘” ‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰ –Š‡ ’”‘Œ‡…– ̶‡‘–‡ ‘‹–‘”‹‰ ƒ† ‹ƒ‰‘•–‹… ‡–‡”̶ ƒ†‡ „› –Š‡‡š’‡”–•ˆ”‘•–‹–—–‡‹‘Žƒ‡•ŽƒǤ    29 29

NOTES 30

31

32