Human Body Systems 7th Grade

Human Body SystemsKylie Walker 2A

Table Of ContentsIntegumentaryMusculoskeletalNervousSpecial SensesCardiovascularRespiratoryDigestiveUrinaryReproductive

Integumentary Function-Protection, regulation and sensationEpidermis- Top thin layer of skin made of melanin (skin coloring) Hair Follicle- Skin around the root of a hairmaking melanocytes. Sebum- OIly substance that waterproofs, moisturizes, andDermis- Deeper skin layer, makes up most of skin. softens skin.Subcutaneous- Layer of skin between dermis and hypodermisKeratin- protein that mainly makes up the majority of your hairand nails.Melanin- Skin color pigment that is made by things calledmelanocytes.Callus- Abnormal thickening of the skin caused by friction.Carotene- Yellow/Orange pigment in skinCyanotic- Bluish tint of skin due to lack of oxygen in blood.

Integumentary cont.Esthetician- can help improve skin appearanceDermatologist-Diagnose and treat skin conditions.Cancer - Cells divide too much.Lupus- disease commonly called butterfly rash, where the immune system attacks its own skin.cold sores- virus that attacks the outside of the lipsVitiligo- The loss of skin pigment in some areas causing spotted coloring. Table of Contents

Musculoskeletal Function-It supports the body, which allows for movement, and protects organs.Calcium- Mineral bones are made of Suture- immovable joint between bones Yellow bone marrow- fatty tissue found in mostCancellous Bone- spongy inner part of the bone. adult bonesCartilage- flexible connective tissue that connects Osseous tissue- bone tissuemuscle to bone Sinus- hollow air cavity within a boneCollagen- dense, protein strands found in bone and Yellow bone marrow- fatty tissue found in theother tissues. medullary cavity of most adult long bones.Fissure- small opening in between bones. Vertebra- individual segment of the spine.Osseous tissue- bone tissue Rehabilitation- healingSinus- hollow air cavity in a bone

Musculoskeletal cont.Osteoporosis-too much calcium causes density loss which causes the bones to be easily brokenBursitis- small closed sac with fluid.Carpal tunnel- overuse of wrist may cause tingling or loss of grip in fingers (especially the thumb)Cerebral Palsy- Impaired muscle movement usually caused by brain damageOrthopedics- medication to heal, correct injuries.Physical Therapist- Helps recover injured patients.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4J3nvN4NENQ Table of Contents

Nervous Function- Tells the rest of the body informationSeizure- sudden attack or spasm Encephalitis- swelling andTetanus- infection of the nervous system inflammation of the brainHallucination- seeing or hearing something that isnot really happening. Hemorrhage-extreme bleedingComatose-in the state of a coma of the brainCerebral- relating to the brain-phobia - fear Meningocele- birth defect toEchoencephalography- Procedure that uses the brainultrasound to see the brain and make a diagnosis

Nervous cont.Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis- disease of the nerve cells of the brain that control controllable musAlzheimer's- disease also called dementia that affects the memory of the brain.Migraine- a common type of headache that occurs with symptoms such as nausea.Munchausen syndrome- a disease or illness where a patient tries to draw attention to themselvesDyslexia- disorder where you are unable to recognize and understand written words.Anesthesiologist- a medical doctor who administers in anesthetics (helps you stay under) during surgeries.Neurologist- someone who studies the nerves of the body Table of Contents

Special Senses Function- Senses that allow you to see what is happening and react right.

Special Senses cont.Allergist- Helps diagnose allergiesOptician- Helps diagnose vision and prescribe sunglasses, glasses, and contactsMyopia- Nearsightedness (can’t see far)Conjunctivitis- Pink eyeStrabismus- When eyes do not move or focus togetherGlaucoma-A condition where too much pressure on a certain eye organ can cause too much tear pro Table of Contents

Cardiovascular Function- Provide body with oxygen and help spread nutrientsAorta- largest artery in the bodyArteriole- small arteryArtery- carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the bodyCapillary- small vessel that passes nutrients to and from the bloodstream through the thin capillary wallsEndocardium- inner lining of the heartEndothelium- innermost lining of the blood vesselspulmonary artery- artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungsPericardium- double-layered covering surrounding the heartVein- thin-walled tube that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart.Ventricle- one of two lower chambers of the heart

Cardiovascular cont.Murmur- abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valvesAneurysm- a weakness in the wall of an arteryCoronary thrombosis- a blocking of an artery by a blood clotMyocarditis- inflammation of the muscle of the heartCardiologist- Studies to help fight diseases involving the heartEMT/Paramedic- helps in emergencies to help get heart beating and lungs breathing again Table of Contents

Respiratory Function-allows us to provide our body with oxygen and release wastesNasal Septum- Separation between the nose cavities.Mucus- The fluid made by the mucous membranes.Paranasal Sinuses- One of the air cavities in the bones near the nose.Pharynx- The throatEpiglottis- Covers the larynx when we swallowLarynx- The voice box that contains the vocal cordBronchi-The larger air passages of the lungs coming from the trachea.Bronchioles- Finer smaller branches of the bronchiAlveoli- Clusters of air sacs at the end of the bronchiolesPleura- Membrane surrounding each lung.

Respiratory cont.Haemoptysis- Coughing up of blood from the lungsAsphyxia- Suffocation caused by a blockage or lack of oxygenPleurisy- Inflammation of the pleura, producing fluidPneumonia- Inflammation of the lungsathletic trainers (ATs)- Prevent and treat athletic injuries and provide recovery services to athletes.Respiratory therapy technicians (RTTs)- run basic diagnostic tests, record information Table of Contents

Digestive Function- breakdown of food into small molecules, which are then absorbed into the bodyGallbladder- stores the bile made in the liverLiver- makes bile and stores glycogen (glucose)Pancreas- produces insulin and glucose, enzymesMouth- oral cavity, used for mechanical digestion (chewing) and chemical digestion (in stomach)Pharynx- the throat; last place food and air mixEsophagus- muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomachStomach- large muscular sac that continues digestionsmall intestine- organ where most chemical digestion takes placelarge intestine- organ that absorbs water from wasteRectum- lower part of the large intestine where feces are stored

Digestive cont.Heartburn- Acid reflux burning sensationGastroenteritis- Inflammation of lining of the stomach and intestinesUlcer- Sore that forms in the lining of the stomachAppendicitis- When appendix becomes inflamed, and when ruptured can spread bacteriaDietitian- Professional trained to determine nutritional needs and recommend appropriate diet therapy.Gastroenterologist- a physician who specializes in diseases of the stomach. Table of Contents

Urinary Function- remove liquid waste from the blood keep a good balance of salts and other things in the bloodNephron- Small tube connected to the kidneyGlomerulus- small area where the filtration takes placeRenal tubule- Where the filtration becomes urineBowman's capsule- encloses the glomerulus and where cleaning takes place inFiltration- the process where fluids pass through a filtertubular reabsorption- water, glucose, amino acids are transported outUrea- waste product formed in the liverUreters- The tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.urinary bladder- sac for temporary holding of urineUrethra- Where urine is released from

Urinary cont.Urology-provide urinary managementNephrologists- provide medical help to patients with kidney diseaseDysuria- difficulty or pain in passing urineEnuresis- bedwettingGlomerulonephritis- kidney disease involving the glomeruliGlycosuria-glucose in the urine Table of Contents

Reproductive Function- The female reproductive system produces egg cells, and to protects/nourishes the offspring until birth. The male reproductive system produces and places sperm.

Reproductive cont.Chlamydia- a sexually transmitted infection caused by bacteriafibroid tumors- muscle tumors in the uterusgenital warts-HPV sexullay transmitted diseasepelvic inflammatory disease(PID)- inflammation of the female pelvic organsGynecologist- Diseases of the female reproductive systemObstetrician-Pregnancy and Childbirth Table of Contents