[Cambridge Professional English] Bill Mascull - Business Vocabulary in Use_ Intermediate (2002, Cambridge University Press) - libgen.lc

30.3 1 false 2 true 3 true 31.1 32.1 1 capital 6 Lenders 2 shareholders 7 loan capital 3 dividends 8 principal 4 equity 9 interest 5 lenders 10 indebtedness 32.2 1 loan capital, borrowing 2 collateral, security 3 gearing, leverage 4 highly geared, highly leveraged 5 overleveraged 33.2 1 collapse, burden 4 bailout, crisis 5 turning, ailing 2 repayment 3 recovery 5 wind up 6 ceases trading 33.3 1 administration 7 liquidation 2 protection 3 creditors 4 predators, prey 4 goes into receivership 5 GS wants to make acquisitions. 6 merger 34.2 1 bids 2 restructuring 3 hostile bid I 5 0 Business Vocabulary in Use

1 diversified 5 restructuring 2 subsidiaries 6 disposes of 3 parent company 7 non-core assets 4 divestment 8 core activities 1 false 3 true 5 false 7 true 2 false 4 true 6 true 8 false 1 transfer, current account, an overdraft 2 account balance 3 interest rate 4 interest 5 bank statement, banking charge 1 brokers 5 centres 2 traders 6 institutions 3 speculators 7 City 4 Wall Street 8 Square Mile 1 true 3 false 5 true 2 true 4 false 6 bonds 1 securities house 7 securities 2 futures contract 8 a commodities exchange 3 commodities 9 derivatives 4 currencies 5 commercial paper 5 Nasdaq 6 London 1 Hong Kong 7 CAC 40 2 Nikkei 8 Dax 3 New York 4 Dow 5 bull market 6 bullish 1 blue chips 7 record high 2 trading 8 barrier 3 very high turnover 4 spectacular gains 5 panic selling 6 rally 1 declines 7 wiped 2 bear, collapse 3 low 5 finance 4 bearish 6 economics 7 uneconomical 1 economical 2 uneconomical 3 high finance 4 finances BusinessVocabulary in Use

I trade deficit 6 balance of trade 2 trade gap 7 inflation rate 3 exports 8 inflation 4 imports 9 out of work 5 trade surplus 10 jobless Paradiso growth rate Paradiso GDP 4 r 0services v industry 0agriculture ,,,,.,rmmrm7.,.,,,,,rm7,,,,,, this Paradiso GDP Paradiso GDP year 30 years ago this year 30 20 10 years ago ycars ago years ago 1 false 3 true 5 true 7 true 2 true 4 false 6 false 8 true 1 price fixing 2 market rigging 3 sleaze 4 insider dealing, insider trading; use Chinese walls 5 bribes, backhanders, kickbacks, sweeteners; corruption, sleaze embezzlement, embezzler, embezzles, embezzlement, embezzled faking, faker, fakes, a fake, faked forgery, forger, forges, a forgery, forged fraud, fraudster, defrauds, a fraud, fraudulent money laundering, money launderer, launders money racketeering, racketeer, racketeers 1 ethics 4 code of ethics 2 unethically 5 Ethical 3 unethical Business Vocabulary in Use

42.1 I lead time 4 overlapped 7 stage/phase/step/task 5 make up 8 delays 2 time 6 schedule 9 downtime 3 longer than planned 42.2 2 You should avoid interruptions. 3 You should avoid distractions. 4 You shouldn't aim for perfectionism when it's not necessary. 5 You should plan your day in advance. 6 You should go on a time management course. 43.2 1 lifestyle 5 treadmill 2 quality time 6 rat race 3 rebalancing 7 quality of life 4 downshifter's 44.1 le, 2c, 3d, 4b, 5g, 6a, 7f Business Vocabulary in Use

45.1 1 macho culture 4 company/corporate culture 5 macho culture 2 canteen culture 6 long-hours culture 3 long-hours culture 45.2 l a ABC 2a SBC 3a ABC 2b ABC 3b SBC l b SBC 46.1 1 false 3 false 5 false 7 true 4 true 6 true 2 false 46.2 1 Gammaria 3 Deltatonia 4 Alphaland 2 Betatania 47.1 1 Gammaria 3 Deltatonia 4 Alphaland 2 Betatania 47.3 Id, 2g, 3c, 4h, Sb, 6f, 7a, 8e 48.1 1 pager 4 videophone 5 webcam 2 mobile phone 6 public telephone 3 cordless 48.2 1 It would be good to see Anna soon. I'll phone her and see when she's free. 2 correct 3 Why don't you ring Pizza Palace and order some takeaway pizza? 4 I rang them five minutes ago but there was no answer. 5 correct 6 correct 7 I'll give her a bell and we'll fix up a meeting. 8 When you get some news, give me a buzz. 2 four-ze*\"ro-seven eight-*t\"wo-four four-threeI-two-one *\" .*\" . I 3 two-one-three nine-five-six one-seven-double-seven 4 two-o*n\"e-zero double-*t\"wo-five one-thrIee-n.ine-one *\" *\" 5 nine-zero-one double-three-two doublAhree-double-two *\" *\". 6 five-two-zero six-three-eight two-sixho-six 48.4 1 reservations line 4 information line 5 freephone number 2 helpline 3 hotline 49.1 l b , 2a, 3e, 4b, Sc, 6f, 7d 154 Business Vocabulary in Use

49.3 Hi James, this is Annelise calling from Sprenger Verlag in Hamburg. It's very difficult to get hold of you. I phoned you earlier, but your switchboard put me through to the wrong extension. Anyway, I'm calling you to discuss the contract we were talking about in Frankfurt. I'll call again later or perhaps you'd like to ring me here in Hamburg on 00 49 40 789 1357. Bye for now. 50.1 1 A: Can I speak to Mrs Lee, please? B: Speaking. I'm rather tied up at the moment. A: Sven Nyman here. I'm calling about your order. B: I wonder if you could call back later. 2 A: Is that James Cassidy? B: No, I'm afraid not. Can I ask who's calling? A: Annelise Schmidt. Is James Cassidy available? B: I'm afraid he's in a meeting. Would you like to leave a message? A: Could you ask him to call me back as soon as possible? 50.2 This is a suggested answer, but you can use any word beginning with each appropriate letter. 2 V for Victor, A for Alpha, L for Lima, L for Lima, A for Alpha, D for Delta, 0 for Oscar, L for Lima, I for India, D for Delta 3 W for Whisky, E for Echo, B for Bravo, B for Bravo, E for Echo, R for Romeo 4 WWW dot, britishcouncil all as one word dot, org slash courses 5 P for Papa, E for Echo, T for Tango, E for Echo, R for Romeo, new word, H for Hotel, 0 for Oscar, U for Uniform, S for Sierra, E for Echo 6 M for Mike, A for Alpha, C for Charlie, P for Papa, H for Hotel, E for Echo, R for Romeo, S for Sugar, 0 for Oscar, N for November 7 john hyphen smith at cambridge dot ac dot UK 51.2 1 natural 4 strange 5 natural 2 strange 3 natural 51.3 le, 2c, 3b, 4a, 5d 52.1 1 Can you fax your most exciting designs? 2 Sure, I'll fax you the drawings. 3 What's your fax number? 4 Can you fax me the designs our customers will be most interested in? 5 I'll fax them to you straightaway. 6 If you could fax everything, that would be great! 52.2 1 intended recipients, advise, sender 2 confidential, destroy 3 cover sheet, illegible Business Vocabulary in Use

1 resent 4 did not jam 2 went through 5 send, through 3 did not get stuck 6 legible 1 bcc 4 attach 2 forward 5 send and receive 3 reply to all 6 delete 1 copy Chris Jones in on 4 forwarding 2 Attached 5 Best wishes 3 attachment 1 AFAIK 2 HTH 1 arranged/fixed/set up 2 attend 3 put backlpostponed 4 brought it forward 5 chaired 6 missed 1 shareholders' AGM 2 brainstorming 3 department meeting 4 meeting with suppliers 5 chat 6 meeting with a customer 7 project meeting 8 EGM 9 board meeting 1 Circulate the agenda well in advance 2 venue 3 make their point 4 tactfully 5 minute-taker 6 timetable 7 digress 8 on time 156 Business Vocabulary in Use

1 It's about time we got started. 2 Let's begin, shall we? 3 correct 4 Let's make a start. 5 Let's get down to business. 6 I've called this meeting to ... 7 correct 8 The main objective is to ... 9 As you are aware ... 1 John, would you like to kick off? 2 Kay, would you like to open the discussion? 3 Len, perhaps you'd like to get the ball rolling? 4 Monica, what do you think? 5 Nigel, what are your views on this? 6 Olive, what are your feelings on this? lc, 2a, 3b, 4e, 5d le, 2c, 3b, 4g, 5a, 6d, 7f, 8h lc, 2i, 3b, 4j, 5g, 6a, 7h, 8d A: If I can just stop you there, you have to admit things were different then. That was in the 1980s. B: I understand what you're saying, but that's not so long ago. The pressures were the same. C: To go back to what I was just saying, there are limits as to what we can ask from the creatives. They ... B: Sorry to interrupt you, but I hate that word 'creative'. A lot of them haven't created anything except chaos since they arrived in the company. C: Are you implying that the creative department has people who shouldn't be there? Business Vocabulary in Use

59.1 1 demonstration 5 press conference 2 lecture 6 talk 3 workshop 7 briefing 4 seminar 8 product launch 59.2 Id, 2c, 3a, 4j, 5i, 6e, 7h, 8f, 9b, log 60.1 If, 2c, 3e, 4h, 5g, 6d, 7a 60.2 1 OK. To begin, let's look at the most basic product in our range. 2 Of course, related to the product specifications of our basic model is the issue of product performance. 3 But I'm digressing: let's get back to the product specifications themselves. 4 That's all I have time for on product specifications. Let's move on to our mid-range model. 5 As you can see on this transparency, there are two key features I want to talk about in relation to our mid-range model. 6 I think that covers everything on our mid-range model. 7 Time is moving on, so let's turn to our top-of-the-range product. 61-1 1 smiling 2 eye contact 3 visual aids 4 transparencies 5 flipchart 6 overhead projector, computer screen projector 7 overhead projector, computer screen projector 8 gestures 9 handouts 10 mannerisms 61.2 Id, 2c, 3a, 4b, 5f, 6e 62.1 1 wage negotiations 2 trade dispute 3 trade negotiations 4 labour dispute 5 contract dispute 6 merger negotiations 7 customer-supplier negotiations 62.2 Ic, 2f, 3a, 4e, 5h, 6d, 7b, 8g 63.3 1 attitude to time, relationship building 2 relationship building 3 conversational rules 4 hierarchy 5 physical contact 6 conversational rules 158 BusinessVocabulary in Use

lb, 2c, 3d, 4f, 5e, 6a As long as engine performance improves by ten per cent, then we may offer a price of $550,000 per unit. On condition that you deliver 20 engines by May, then we will be able to consider a more flexible price. 4 Supposing that you provide good technical support, then we might be able to increase our order. 5 Provided that you supply documentation in Portuguese, we could consider sending our personnel to you for training. 6 Providing that this contract works out OK, we might agree to work with you in future. 1 horse-trading 4 concessions 2 trade-off 5 haggle 3 gesture I The company were negotiating from strength. They had more bargaining power. 2 The union were negotiating from weakness. 3 The union made demands for a pay increase of 100 per cent, but then they backed downlclimbed down. 4 The miners gave in and went back to work. 5 The company had been confrontational and adversarial. lb, 2a, 3d, 4e, 5c le, 2c, 3d, 4b, 5a 1 true 3 true 5 true 7 false 2 false 4 false 6 false 1 binding 2 commercial 3 bindingegal 4 orallverbal 5 employment Business Vocabulary in Use

The numbers in the index are Unit numbers not page numbers. accept iak'septi 3 annual meeting i,znjual 'mi:t~gi basic salary i , b e ~ s ~'skzlarii 5 bcc 53 accessible Iak'sesabll 45 54 be on sale i,bi: un ' s e ~ l l27 bear market i'bea ,ma:k~ti37 account ia'kaunti 26, 35 annual report 1,aenjualr~'ps:ti bearish i'bear1J1 37 behind schedule i b ~ , h a ~ n d accountancy ia'kauntansii 31 31 'Jedju:V 42 accountant ia'kauntantl 31 applicant I'zpl~kantl3 benchmarking ilbenJma:k~gi accounting rules ia'kaunt~g application form i,aepl~'keiJan 18 benefits i ' b e n ~ f ~ t5s ,i 21 ru:lzi 31 fs:d 3 benefits package i ' b e n ~ f ~ t s accounting standards ia'kaunt~g applied for ia'pla~dfs:i 3 , p z k ~ d g5i best practice /,best ' p r z k t ~ s i18 'stzndadzl 31 appoint Ia'ps~nti3 beta version 1'bi:ta ,vs:Jan/ 14 big business i , b ~ g' b ~ z n ~1s1i accounts ia'kaunts i 29, 31 appointments ia'ps~ntmanst/ 3 billboards i'b11bs:dzi 25 billing /'b111g/ 29 accurate record i'zkjarat approachable ialprautJabll bitter i ' b ~ t a i65 blackboard I1blzkbs:dl 60 'reks:dl 55 44,45 bleeding red ink i,bli:d~gred acquire ia'kwa~ai34 arbitration i,a:biltre~Jad66 'IIJW 31 blue chips /,blu: 'tJ1ps1 37 acquisition i , z k w ~ ' z ~ J a n i arbitrator i ' a : b ~ t r e ~ t a6i6 bluff iblhfi 65 board ibs:dl 9 33,34 argument ila:gjamanti 57 board meeting ilbs:d mi:t~gi54 boardroom i1bs:dru:mI 5 action points ilzkJanp s ~ n t s i55 arrangements ia're~ndgmantsi bonds ibundzi 32, 36 bonus i'baunasi 5 address book Ia'dres buW 53 51 bonus payments i'baunas administrationladmin assembly line ia'sembli l a ~ n1i6 , p e ~ m a n t s i42 book value i'buk ,vaelju:i 30 /ad,rn~n~'stre~Jani'z6dm~d asset i'zseti 30 bookkeepers i1buk,ki:pazI 31 boom 1bu:mI 39 administrative staff atmosphere i'aetmasf~ai63 boring i'bs:r~gi2 born leaders i,bs:n '1i:dazi 44 attach ialtaetJ/ 53 borrower i'burauai 32 borrowing i'burau~gi32 administrator I a d ' m ~ n ~ s t r e ~ t a i attachment Ia'tztJmanti 53 boss ~ D S9/ bottom line / , b ~ t a m'la~ni31 33 audience iis:dians/ 59 bottom out / , b ~ t a m'auti 39 bottom-end i , b ~ t a m' e n d 23 advance iadlva:ns/ 39 audit /'s:d~ti31 bourse ibuasi 36 branch ibra:ntJi 35 adversarial i,zdvalseariall 65 auditors /'s:d~taz31 brand /braendl 22, 30 branded i'braendidl 22 advertise i ' z d v a t a ~ z i25 authoritarian i,s:Our~'teariad44 branding i'braend1gi22 break even i , b r e ~ k'i:vad 28 advertiser /'zdvata~zai25 automated i's:tame~t~d1l6 breakthroughs i'bre1k0ru:zi 15 bribe ibra~bi40 advertising agency i ' z d v a t a ~ z ~ g axe /aeks/ 39 bribery i'bra~barii40 ,e~dgantsii25 back down 1,bzk ' d a u d 65 advertising campaign background i'baekgraundi 3, 63 I ' a e d v a t a ~ z ~kga e m , p e ~ d25 backhander /,baek1haendai 40 advertising medium bad debts 1,bzd'detsi 29 I'aedvata~z~'mg i:diamI 25 bad working environment /,baed aerospace i'earauspe~si13 ,w3:k1g ~n'va~aranman8ti AFAIK 53 bailout i'be~lauti33 affirmative action ia,fs:mat~v balance of payments i'baelans av 'aekJad 8,41 'pe~mansti 38 agenda ia'dgendai 55, 63 balance sheet i'baelans Ji:ti 30 agree /aLgri:/ 57 bank statement i'baegk ahead of schedule ia,hed av ,ste~tmant3i 5 'Jedju:li 42 banking charges i'baegk~g ailing i'e111gI 33 ,tJa:dgizi 35 alliance /a'la~ansi34 bargain i'ba:g~ni62, 66 allocated i'aelake~t~d5l5 bargainer iiba:g~nai62 amortization i a , m s : t ~ ' z e ~ J a d bargaining i'ba:g~nlgi62, 63, 30 65 amortize ia'ms:ta~zi30 bargaining position i ' b a : g ~ n ~ g anecdote i'aen~kdauti60 p a , z ~ p d63 angry i'aengrii 57 bargaining power i ' b a : g ~ n ~ g annual general meeting (AGM) pauai 65 i'znjual 'dgenaral 'mi:t~g/54 basic i ' b e ~ s ~ 5k,i 23 160 Business Vocabulary in Use

bricks-and-mortar i , b r ~ kasn career paths i k a ' r ~paa:azi 7 clock off ikluk'ufi 2 'ms:tai 26 cash ikzeJi28,29, 33 clock on i k l u k ' ~ n l 2 cash cows iikzeJ kauzi 28 clock out ikluk auti 2 briefing i'bri:f~gi59 cash mountain I'kzeJ maunt~ni closing a deal i,klauz~ar~di:V bring to a close i , b r ~ gtu: a 33 66 'klauzi 58 cash pile I'kzeJ pa~Y33 code of conduct 1,kaudav broke down 1,brauk 'daunt 66 cash reserves i'kzeJ r~,zs:vzi33 brokers i'braukazi 36 cashflow i'kzeJflaui 29 ' k u n d ~ k t i41 budget i'b~d31ti28 casual Fridays iIka3jual code of ethics ikaud av 'e01ksi bugs i b ~ g z i14 building societies i ' b ~ l d ~ g ' f r a ~ d e ~ z4i6 41 casually i1kze3jualii 46 cold calls i,kauld 'k3:lzi 24 sa,sa~atiz1i 2 catalog i'kzetalugi 22 collapse ika'lzepsi 33, 37 building society i ' b ~ l d ~ r ~ catalogue i'kzetalugi 22 collateral ikallzetaraY 32 catering i ' k e ~ t a r ~1r3~ i combine ikum'ba~nl34 s a , s a ~ a t i /35 cc 1,si:'si:i 53 come to a consensus ilkamtu: bull market i'bul ,ma:k~ti37 cease trading i,si:s ' t r e ~ d ~3r3~ i bullet point i'bul~tp31nti 60 cellphone ilselfaun/ 48 a kan'sensasi 58 bullish I'bul~Ji37 cellular i'seljalai48 commercial ikalms:JaY 11, 36 bully i'bulii 8 cellular phone i,seljala 'faun/ commercial airline ika,ms:Jal bureaucratic i,bjuara'krzet~k/ 48 ' e a l a ~ d11 11,44 chain store I ' t J e ~ nst3:/ 24 commercial artist ika,ms:S.l burned out i,bs:nd 'auti 43 chairperson iltJea,ps:san/ 55 burnout ilbs:nauti 43 challenging i'tJzel1nd31gi 43 ' a : t ~ s t i11 business i ' b ~ z n ~1s0i , 11, 18, change hands i,tJe1nd3 'hzendzi commercial disaster ika,ms:S.l 26,47 37 d~'za:stai11 business process re-engineering charge itJa:dgi 23, 30 commercial land ika,ms:Jal charisma ika'r~zmai44 (BPR)i , b ~ z n ,~psrauses ri: charities I'tJzer~tizi12 'lzend 11 e n d g ~ l n ~ a ~18g i cheap 1tJi:pi 23 commercial paper ika,ms:Jal business-to-business (B2B) cheque ItJeki 35 i ' b ~ z n t~as' b ~ z n ~2s6i cheque account iltJek a,kaunti ' p e ~ p a i36 business-to-consumer (B2C) commercial television i ' b ~ z nt~askan'sju:mai 26 35 business-to-government (B2G) chief executive officer (CEO) ika,ms:Jal , t e l ~ ' v ~ g a1n1/ i ' b ~ z n t~as'gavanmanti 26 commission I k a ' m ~ J a d5 busy tone i ' b ~ ztiaunt 49 1,tJi:f ~ g , z e k j a t '~uvf~sai9 commodities ika'mudatizi 36 buyer i ' b a ~ a i19 chief financial officer i,tJi:f commodities exchange buying managers i ' b a ~ ~ g ,mzen~dgarzi1 9 fa1'nzentJal u f ~ s a i9 Ika'mudatiz ~ k s ' t J e ~ n d g36i CADCAM 14,16 chief operating officer 1,tJi:f common ground 1,kuman calendar i'kzelandai 42 call ik3:Y 48 ' u p a r e ~ t ~uqf ~ s a i9 'graund i 65 call centres 1ks:l ,sentazi 24 Chinese walls i,tJa~ni:z'ws:lzi commute ika1mju:t/ 2 call someone's bluff i,ks:l commuters ika'mju:tazi 2 ,samwanz 'blafi 65 40 company i'kampanii 11,45 call back i,k3:l 'bzek/ 49 churn out i,tJs:n 'auti 16 company car i,kampani'ka:i 5 candidate i ' k a n d ~ d a t i3 circulate i'ss:kjale~ti55 company hierarchy 1,kampani canteen culture ikanlti:n classified advertisements ,kaltJai 45 'ha1ara:kii 7 capacity ika'pzesatii 1 6 i , k l z e s ~ f a ~a d ' v s : t ~ s m a n t s i company pension scheme capital ilkzeprtal/ 1 7 25 captains of industry i,kzept~nz clicks-and-mortar i , k l ~ kasn 1,kampani 'pentpn ski:m/ av '~ndastrii10 'm3:tal-I 26 35 cariautomobiles ika:r client base i'kla~anbt e d 19 compensation i,kurnpan'se~Janl 's:tamaubi:lzi 13 clientele 1,kli:unltel/ 19 5 cards 1ka:dzi 59 clients i'kla~antsi19 compensation package career ladder l k a ' r ~ a,lzedad 7 climb down i'kla~md a u d 65 clinching a deal i , k l ~ n t J a~ r ~ compensation payment 'di:l/ 66 i , k u m p a n l s e ~ J a,np e ~ m a n t 5i clock in /kluk'~n/2 compete 1kam'pi:ti 20 competition i , k ~ m p a ' t ~ J a2n0i competitions i,kumpalt~Janzi 25 competitors ikam'pet~atrzi 20 Business Vocabulary in Use 16 1

completion 1kam'pli:Jad 42 corporate image 1 , k ~ p a r a t customer base I'kastama be1s1 components Ikam'paunantsl 17 '1m1dg1 11 19 compromise I'k~mpramarzl58, corporate ladder 1 , k ~ p a r a t customer needs 1,kastama 58,65 'Izdal 11 'ni:dzl 21 computer hardware /kam,pju:ta corporate logo /,k3:parat customers I'kastamazl 19,24 'ha:dweal 13 'laugaul 11 cut I k ~ t l39 computer screen 1kam1pju:ta cut off 1 k ~ t ' ~4f9l corporate profits l1k3:parat cutting edge / , k a t ~ g'edgl 15 skri:d 60 ' p r ~ f ~ t1s1l day shift I ' d e ~J1ft1 2 computer software lkam,pju:ta deadlock l ' d e d l ~ k l66 corporation lIk3:par1e~Jad11 deal 1di:U 66 ' s ~ f t w e a l13 corrupt Ika'raptl 40 deal with lldi:l w161 1 computer-literate lkam,pju:ta corruption I k a ' r ~ p J a d40 dealer I1di:lal 24 cost / k ~ s t 1/ 6, 23, 27, 28, 42 dealers 1'di:lazl 36 '11tarati 4 cost of goods sold (COGS) debentures 1d1'bentJazl 32 conceded Ikan1si:d~d65 debit card /'debit ka:d 35 concern lkanlss:d 11 1 , k ~ satv ,gudz 'sauld 27 debt Idetl 32,33 concession Ikan'seJad 64 cost per unit 1 , k ~ spt3: 'ju:n~tl debt burden l'det ,bs:dad 33 conformity to specifications debt crisis l'det , k r a ~ s ~3s3I 28 debt default I'det d ~ ,3f:ltI 33 /kan,f3:mati ta cost-effective 1 , k ~ s~t ' f e k t ~1v6l debt repayment 1,det , s p e s ~ f ~ ' k e ~ J a1n8z / costing I ' k ~ s t ~ g27l confrontational costings I ' k ~ s t ~ g2z7l r ~ ~ p e ~ m a3n3t l / , k ~ n f r ~ n ' t e ~ J a65n a ~ costs / k ~ s t s /2 7 debt rescheduling 1,det conglomerate Ikan'gl~maratl34 counter-offers I'kaunta ~ f a z l64 consensus Ikan'sensasl 44 counter-proposals I'kaunta ,ri:'Jedju:l~gI 33 construction Ikan'strakJad 13 debt restructuring 1,det consultation / , k ~ n s a l ' t e ~ J a4d4 pra,pauzalz/ 64 consumer durables lkan,sju:ma counterfeit notes I,kaunt a f ~ t ,ri:'straktPr~g/33 'djuarablzl 22 debt servicing 1,det ' S ~ : V I S I ~ / consumer goods lkan,sju:ma 'nautsl 40 'gudz I 22 counterfeiting I'kauntaf~t~g4l0 33 consumer panels /kanlsju:ma courteous 1'ks:tiasl 5 7 debtors l'detazl 29 ,pznalzl 14 cover l'kaval 54 decentralized /di:'sentrala~zd consumers 1kan'sju:mazl 19 cover ground 1,kava 'graund content I ' k ~ n t e n t l26, 59 44 continuous improvement 54 decision-making / d ~ ' s ~ g a n l k a n , t ~ n j u a~s m'pru:vmantl covering letterlcover letter 18 me1k1g1 44,45 contract I'k~ntrrektl66 I'kavar~g,leta~llkav,aleta/ 3 declines l d ~ ' k l a ~ n 3z l7 contributions /,k~ntr~'bju:Janzl craft industry 1'kra:ft ,~ndastrii deference I'defaransl 45 35 delay Id1'1e1l 42 convenience store /kanlvi:nians 16 delayered ld1'1e1jad 7 st3:I 24 crash IkrreJl 37 delegate I'del~gatl44 cooling-off period /,ku:11g ' ~ f creative accounting / k r i , e ~ t ~ v delegation l , d e l ~ ' g e ~ J a4d4 , p ~ a r i a d66 delete ld1'1i:tl 53 copyright l ' k ~ p i r a ~1t5l a ' k a u n t ~ g l3 1 demand 1d1'ma:nd 37 cordless I1k3:dlasl 48 credit card I'kred~tka:d 35 demanding ld~'ma:nd~g2/ cordless phone /,k3:dlas 'faud credit policy l'kred~,tp ~ l a s i2i 9 demands 1dr'ma:ndzi 65 48 creditors l'kred~tazl29, 33 demerge /,di:lms:d3/ 34 core activity 1,kx rek't~vatii34 cross-promotion 1 , k r ~ s demerger l,di:'ms:d3a/ 34 corporate I1k3:parat/ 11 demonstration corporate culture 1 , k ~ p a r a t pralmauJad 25 'kaltJa1 11, 45 culture I'k~ltJaI45 / , d e m a n ' s t r e ~ J a d5 9 corporate headquarters currencies I'k~rantsizl36 demoted / d ~ ' m a u t ~7d current account 1,karant demutualization corporate hospitality l'k3:parat , h ~ s p ~ ' t r e l a t4i7/ a'kauntl 35 /,di:mju:tJuala~z'e~Jad12 current assets / , k ~ r a n'tresets1 demutualized 30 /,di:'mju:tJuala~zd 12, 35 current liabilities 1 , k ~ r a n t department meeting , l a ~ a ' b ~ l a t i 3z i0 1d1,pa:tmant 'mi:t~g/54 curriculum vitae (CV)/resume /'rezame~//,si: 'vi:/ lka,r~kjalam'vi:ta11 3 BusinessVocabulary in Use

department store idrlpa:tmant distribution channel employees irm'pl3ri:zi 6 st3:I 24 i,drstrr'bju:Jan tJznaV 24 employment agencies departmental meeting 1,di:pa:t ,mentallmi:t1q1 54 distributors Idr'str~bjatazl24 /rm1p13rmant ,erdgansiz/ 3 deposit account Idr'p~zrt dive lda~vi39 empower Irm'pauai 44 a,kauntl 35 diversify Ida1'v3:srfarl 34 empowerment l~m'pauamanti depreciate Idr1pri:Jierti 30 depreciation 1d1,pri:Ji'erJanl 30 divestment Ida~~vestman3tl4 44 depression id1'preJanl 39 derivatives l d ~ ' r ~ v a t ~3v6z l dividends I'd~vrdendzi32 end-users 1,end1ju:zazJ 19 design idr'za~nl14, 15 design defect 1d1'zarn,di:fektl dominate a market / , d ~ m ~ nae ~ t endorsements i1n~d3:smantsI 14 'ma:krtI 20 25 design fault 1d1'zarn ,f3:lt/ 14 designer l d ~ ' z a ~ n a1l5 donate Idau'nertl 12 energy l'enadgii 44 develop 1d1'velapI 15 developer 1d1'velapal 15 donation 1dau1nerJanl12 engaged tone i~n'gerdgdtaunl dial 1da1aV 49 dialling tone I ' d a ~ a l ~t qa d 49 downmarket I,daun1ma:k~t2l 3 49 diary l'da~aril42 difference of opinion l,d~farans downshifter ildaunJ1fta1 43 enhancements 11n'ha:nsmantsl av a'prnjanl 57 downshifting I'daunJ~ftrqI43 18 dignity at work policy l,d~gnati downsized /,daun'sarzd/ 7 enterprise I'entaprarzl 11, 11 at 'w3:k , p ~ l a s i i8 digress Idar'gresl 60 downtime l'dauntarml 42 enterprise culture 1,entaprarz digressions 1da1'greJanzl 54, dress-down fridays 1,dresdaun 'kaltJa1 11 55 dimensions l,da~'mentJanzi18 'frarderd 46 enterprise economy 1,entaprarz direct costs ld~rekt' k ~ s t s2i 7 direct line ld~rekt'la~nl49 drive ldra~vl44 ~ ' k ~ n a m1i1l direct mail ld~rekt'me~li24 direct marketing ld~rekt drive a hard bargain l , d r a ~ va enterprise zone i'entaprarz 'ma:k~1tq1 24 ha:d 'ba:grnl 66 zaunl 11 disagree l,d~sa'gri:l57 disagreement l,d~sa'gri:mantl drive out of a market l,dra~v entertaining i,enta'tern~qI47 58 aut av a 'ma:k~ti20 entrepreneur i,~ntrapra'ns:l10 discount I'drskaunt I 23,25,29 discounter I'd~skauntal24 drugstore 1'dragsts:l 24 entrepreneurial discounting I'd~skaunt~2q3i discriminate against dull ldali 2 1,~ntrapra'ns:riaV10 / d ~ ' s k r r m ~ an,eg~enstl 8 dynamism l'da~nam~zam44i entry-level i'entri levaV 23 discuss 1d1'sk~sI57 discussion 1d1'sk~Janl54, 57 e-procurement environmental dismiss l d ~ ' s m ~ 7s l dispatch / d ~ ' s p z t J /29 l'i: pra,kjuamanti 26 i~n,va~aran'menta4V1 dispose of 1d1'spauz DV/34 dispute 1d1'spju:tI 65 e-tailing l'i: te~liql26 environmentally damaging distance l'd~stansl47 distant l'd~stantl44,45 earn 1s:nl 5 I~n,vararan,mentali distractions 1d1'strzkJanzI 42 distributed l d ~ ' s t r ~ b j a t ~33d / earnings /'3:n1qzJ 33 ' d z m ~ d g r q l4 1 distribution chain ease 1i:zJ 39 equal opportunities 1,i:kwal / , d ~ s t r ~ ' b j u : J at nJ e ~ n /24 economic l , i : k a ' n ~ m ~ k38l , ~ p a ' t j u : n a t i d8 economic indicators l,i:ka,n equipment 11'kw1pmantl 59 m ~ k'1nd1kertazI38 equity l'ekw~tii32 economical l,i:ka1n~mrkaV38 establish l ~ ' s t z b l ~1J 0l economies of scale 11,k~namiz establishment 11'stzblrJmanti av 'ske~li28 10 economy 11'k~nami3i 8 ethical l'e01kaV41 education 1,edgu'keiJanl 4 ethical investment 1,eerkal effective 11~fekt1v1l 4 ~n'vestmantl41 efficiency Ir'f~Jansii7 etiquette I'etrketl 63 efficiently Ir'fiJantlil 17 exceptional profit iik,sepJanal electronic commercele- ' p r ~ f ~3t1l commerce /,elek,t r ~ n ~ k exciting I ~ k ' s a ~ t 2~ q l 'k~ms:s/,i:' k ~ m s : s1/ 1, 26 executive/exec electronic mail/e-mail/email l ~ g ' z e k j a t ~ v l ~ g ' z 9e k i I,elek,tr~n~k'me~mli'ei~: l i expenditure i~k'spend~tJa2l8 26,53 expenses l~k'spens~z2l7 embezzle l~m'bezli40 expensive lrk'spensrvl 23 embezzlement l1m'bezlmantl40 experience Irk'sp~ariansl3 emerging industries /1,m3:dg1q experience curve l~k'sp~arians ' ~ n d a s t r i z l1 3 k3:vI 28 employ Irm'pl31l 3 exploit 1ek1spl3rtI 41 Business Vocabulary in Use

exports I'eksp3:tsl 38 flip chart I ' f l ~ ptJa:t/ 60 go into administration 1,gau extension 11k'stentJanI 48, 49 extraordinary general float Iflautl 36 meeting(EGM) 11k~str3:danari flotation Iflau'terJad 36 go into liquidation 1,gau ~ n t a ,dgenarallmi:t~g/54 eye contact l ' a ~ , k ~ n t a e k4t7l, focus groups I'faukas gru:ps/ 14 , l ~ k w ~ ' d e ~ 3J 3a d 60 face the audience / , f e ~dsi: food processing 1,fu:d go into the red 1,gau ~ n t ada '3:diansI 60 facilities lfa's~latizi59 p r a u ' s e s ~ g l1 3 r e d 35 fact Ifaektl 60 factory l'faektaril 16 foreign exchange 1forex / , f ~ r ~ n go-slow Igau'slaul 6 fakes lferksl 40 faking I ' f e ~ k ~ g40l ~ k s ' t J e ~ n d g3I6 going concern Igau~gkanlss:nl fallback position I1f3:lbaek pa,zrPd 63 forgers I1f3:dgazl40 30 familiar Ifa'm~lial45 family name I'faemali nerml 46 forgery Iif3:dgarii 40 good Igud I 4 fascinating I'faes~nert~g2l fast-moving consumer goods formally I1f3:maW 46 good organizer Igud 1,fa:st mu:vrg kan,sju:ma 'gudz 1 (FMCG)22 forms of address 1,fg:mz av '3:ganarzal 55 fat cats I'faet kaetsl 5 fax lfaeksl52 a'dresl 45 good timekeeper Igud features 1'fi:tJazl 21 fierce If~as2l 0 forward ltf3:wad 53 'tarm,ki:pa/ 55 file for bankruptcy /,fa11fa 'baegkr~ptsii33 found If aund I 10 goods lgudz I 1 7 final offers 1,farnal' ~ f a z l65 finance l'fa~naensl38 founder l'faundal 10 goodwill Igud'wrV 30 financed l'fa~naenstl1 7 financial 1fa1'nienJaV 13, 36, 38 franchisee l,fraenJa~'zi:/24 goodwill gesture Igud'w11 financial centres 1fa1,naentJal 'sentazl 36 franchises I'fraenJarz~zl24 ,dgestJa/ 64 financial institutions lfa1,naenJal , ~ n t s t ~ ' t j u : J a n z3i6 franchisor I1fraenJarzal 24 government-owned companies financial services /far ,naenJal 'S~:VISIZ1/3 fraud Ifr3:d 40 1 , g ~ v a n m a nat und financial year 1fa1,naenJal' j ~ a l 30 fraud squad I'fr3:d s k w ~ d40 ' k ~ m p a n i z l1 1 finish on time 1,frnrJ Dn 'tarmi 55 free enterprise lfri: 'entaprarzl graduate from l'graedguwe~t finished goods l , ' f ~ n ~'gJ ut dz I 17,22 11 fire Ifa~a7l firm 1 f s : d 11 free gift lfri: ' g ~ f t l25 graduates l'graedguatsl 4 firstly I1fs:stlii 60 fixed assets / , f ~ k s'tasetsl 30 free sample lfri: 'sa:mpV 25 green activists 1,gri:n 'aekt~v~stsl fixed costs / , f ~ k s'tk ~ s t s 2l 7 flair lfleal 44 freelancerlfreelance I1fri:la:nsa 41 flat l'flaetl 7 flexibility /,fleks~'b~lat7ii 'fri:la:ns/ 7 green issues 1'gri:n ,rJu:z/ 41 flexitimelflextimel'fleksit a ~ m l 'flekstarml 2 freephone number 1'fri:faun greetingslgoodbyes I1gri:t~gz , n ~ m b a 4l 8 g u d ' b a ~ z l4 7 friendly bid 1,frendli' b r d 34 gross domestic product (GDP) fringe benefits l,fr1nd3 ' b e n ~ f ~ t s l 1,grausda,mestrk ' p r ~ d ~ k t l 5 38 full-time job 1,fultarm ' d 3 ~ b i1 gross margin Igraus ' m a : d g ~ d full-time work 1,fultarm 'w3:W 1 27 fund-raising / ' f ~ n dre1z1~112 gross national product (GNP) futures contract I1fju:tJaz /,graus naeJanal ' p r ~ d ~ k3t8l , k ~ n t r a k t3/6 gross profit Igraus ' p r ~ f ~3t1l gains lge~nzl37 ground lgraund I 54, 64 Gantt chart I'gaent tJa:tl 42 group discussion 1gru:p gearing I'gra~gl32 d ~ ' s k ~ J a3d generic products Idga'ner~k grow Igraul 10, 38 ' p r ~ d ~ k t2s2l growth industries l'grau0 generics ldgalnerrW 22 ,rndastriz/ 13 gesture l1d3estJa1 47, 60 growth rate l'grau0 re1t1 38 get down to business lget daun haemorrhage red ink I1hemarrd3 ta 'brzn~sl56, 63 ,red ,rgW 31 get the ball rolling /,get da b3:l haggle llhegV 64 ' r a u l ~ g l5 6 hand in your notice /,haend In get through lget '0ru:l 49 j3: 'naut~sl7 give in Igrv ' r d 65 hand-made lhaend'me~d16 glass ceiling 1,gla:s 'si:11gl 8 handle l'handli17 glut /CJlAt/ 16 handout l'handautl 60 go bankrupt Igau 'baegkr~ptl handwriting analysis 33 I'haend,rartrg a,nielasrs/ 3 164 Business Vocabulary in Use

hang up I ' h a r ~~ p 4l9 impolite /,rmpallart/ 57 internet banking 1,lntanet harass l'haeras ha'raesl 8 imports l'rmp3:tsl 38 'bagk11~135 hard 1ha:dl 2 imposed l~m'pauzdl44 head Ihed 9 in charge of 11n 'tJa:dg avl 1 internet service provider(1SP) head office Ihed ' ~ f 1 s 16 in parallel 11n 'paeraleli 42 1,1ntanet ' S ~ : V IpSr a , v a ~ d a / headhunt l ' h e d h ~ n t l3 in stock 11ns t ~ l d17 26 headhunter I'hedh~ntal3 in the black 11nda 'blaeld 35 headhunting l ' h e d h ~ n1t01 3 in the red 11nda ' r e d 31 interruptions I,~ nat'r~pJanz142 headquarters (HQ) in-house 11n'hausI 4, 7, 17 interviews 1'1ntavju:zI 3 in-house training l ~ nha, us introduce I,~ntra'dju:sl59 I,hed1kw3:taz-'-I 6 invent 11n'ventI 15 health and safety inspectors 'tre~n~r~l 4 inventories 1'1nvantrizI 17 income statement 1'1gk~m invest 11n'vestl 32 /,he10an ' s e ~ f t~i n,spektaz8/ investment companies health and safety issues /,he10 , s t e ~ t m a n t /3 1 incorporated/Inc i ~ n ' v e s t m a n t, k ~ m p a n i z /35 an ' s e ~ f t,i1Ju:z1 8 investors I~n'vestazl32, 36 healthcare Iihel0kear/ 13 1rn1k3:pare~t~1d2l invoice l'1nv31sI 29 heavy industries 1,hevi indebtedness I~n'det~dna3sl2 invoicing 1'1nv31s1r~2I9 index 1'1ndeksl 37 irreconcilable differences '~ndastrizl13 indexes 1'1ndeks1zl 37 hedging I'hedg11~158 indices 1'1nd1si:zl 37 I , ~ r e k a n s a ~ l a'bdl~ f a r a n s ~ z i helpline /'helpla~n/48 indirect costs / , ~ n d ~ r e'kkt~ s t s l 66 hi-tech /,ha~'teld15 issue 1'1Ju:l 66 hierarchical /,ha~a'ra:k~ka4V5 27 issued 1'1Ju:d 36 high finance /ha1 'fa~nansl38 industrial 11n'd~striaV6 issues 1'1Ju:zI 41 high-end 1ha1'end 23 industrial action 11n,d~rsital job insecurity 1,dgub high-priced / h a ~ ' p r a ~ s2t /3 ~ n s ~ ' k j u a r a t7i / high-street banks /,ha1stri:t 'aekJan1 6 job title I ' d g ~ bt a ~ t l l46 industrial robots / ~ n , d ~ s t r i a l jobless l'dgoblasl 38 'baer~ksl35 join Idg311i 3 highly geared Iha~l'ig ~ a r d3, 2 ' r a u b ~ t s l16 joint account /,dg31nta'kauntl highly leveraged 1ha1li industrial scale / ~ n , d ~ s t r i a l 35 joint venture 1 , d g ~ n'vt entJa1 'li:var~dgd/ 32 'ske~V14 34 hire I'ha~a3l industrialize 11n'd~sritala~zl13 jump l d g ~ m p i39 hiring l'ha1a11~13 industry 1'1ndastriI 13 junk mail I ' d g ~ r ~mke~V24 hits I h ~ t s l26 inflation rate I~n'fle~Jaren1t1 just-in-time / , d g ~ s t ~ n ' t a ~1m7 / hold shares Ihauld'JeazI 32 kaizen 1ka1'zei 18 holiday I'hulade~l47 38 keep calm 1,ki:p 'ka:m/ 57 horse-trading I'hxs tre1d11~614 inflationary I~n'fle~JanaIri38 keep things moving 1,ki:p 01gz hospitality I , h ~ s p ~ ' t a l a t4i7/ information line / , ~ n f a ' m e ~ J a n ' m u : v ~ r ~5/4 hostile bid /,hustaIl'b~d34 key accounts Iki: a'kaunts I 29 hotline I ' h ~ t l a ~ n48l la1n1 48 key players Iki: 'ple1azl20 household goods 1,haushauld initiative l ~ ' n ~ J a t ~44v / keypad I1ki:pad/ 49 inland revenue 1,1nland kick off 1k1k 'ufl 56, 63 'gudz I 13 kickback I'k~kbald40 HTH 53 'revanju:/ 29 knowledge I'nu11dgl 17 human resource management innovate 1'1nave1tI15 laboratories /la1burat arizl 14, innovative 1'1navat1vI 15 15 (HRM)1,hju:man 'r1z3:s inputs 1'1nputsI 17 labour-intensive /,le~ba , m a n ~ d g m a n t /6 insider dealing 11n,sa1da'di:11g/ ~ n ' t e n t s ~ v16l human resources (HR) labourflabor I'le~bal6, 17, 41, 1,hju:man ~ I ' Z ~ : S I6Z / 40 60 human resources department insider trading 11n,sa1da labourflabor unions I'le~ba (HRD)1,hju:man 'r1z3:s1z ,ju:njanz/ 6 d1,pa:tmantl 6 'tre1d11~140 last mile problem 1,la:st ma11 humour I1hju:ma/ 47 insolvent I ~ n ' s ~ l v a n3t 3l 'prublami 26 hypermarket /'ha~pa,ma:k~t/ intangible assets l~n~taendgabl 24 icons I'a~kunzl53 'aesetsl 30 impasse I'aempaesl 66 intellectual property l,~ntalektjua'lpropati1 15 intense 11n'tensI20 interest 1'1ntrastl32, 34, 35 internet access 1'1ntanet ,aekses/ 26 Business Vocabulary in Use

latecomers I'le~tkamazl55, 60 lunch break I'lanJ bre~k/47 market orientation /,ma:k~t lay off 1le1 ' ~ f7l macho culture 1,mztJau ,3:rienfte~Jan/21 leadership /'li:daJ~p/ 10,44 leadership skills /'li:daJ~psk~lzl 'kaltJa/ 45 market place /'ma:k~tple~sl19 magnate I ' m z g n e ~ t l10 market pressures /,ma:k~t 10,44 mailings I'me111gzl 24 leading edge /,li:d~g'edgl 15 mailshots /'me11J~ts/24 'preJazJ 19 leadtime /'li:dta~m/42 make a loss / , m e ~ ak ' 1 ~ ~311 market research /,ma:k~t lean manufacturing /,li:n make a point / , m e ~ ka 'p31ntI 55 make a profit / , m e ~ ka ' p r ~ f ~ t i r~'ss:tJ/14 ,mznjalfzktJar~g1/ 7 market rigging /,ma:k~t' r ~ g /~ g lean production /li:n 28,31 make a sale / , m e ~ ak 'sell/ 27 40 pratdakJad 17 make a start / , m e ~ ak 'sta:t/ 56 market segment /,ma:k~t leaner i1li:na/ 7 make an application / , m e ~ kan leap ili:p/ 39 'segmant / 20 learning curve /'ls:n~gks:v/ 28 z p l r ' k e ~ J a d3 market segmentation /,ma:k~t lecture I1lektJa/ 59 make redundant / , m e ~ k legible I'ledgabli 52 ,segmen'te~Jan/20 leisure /'legal 13 rl'dandantl 7 market share /,ma:k~t'Seal 20 lender /'lendat 32 make up time / , m e ~ ka p ' t a l d market-driven /,ma:k~t'dr~van/ letters of application 1,letazav 42 21 , z p l ~ ' k e ~ J a n3/ maker l'rne~kal16 market-led /,ma:k~t' l e d 21 level off /,leva1' ~ f 3l 9 manage I'mzn~dgl1 , 3 5 market-oriented /,ma:k~t leverage /'li:var~dg/ 32 manage an account / , m z n ~ d gan licence I'la~sansl15 '3:rientldl 21 lie /la1 / 65 aukaunt/35 marketeer / , m a : k ~ ' t ~2a1/ life insurance companies Aa~f management I'mzn~dgmantl4, marketer /'ma:k~ta/21 marketing / , m a : k ~ t ~ g2/1 In'Juarans ,klunpaniz/ 12 6, 44, 45 marketing concept / , m a : k ~ t ~ g lifestyles I'la~fsta~lz4l3 management development light industries 1la1t '~ndastrid ' k ~ n s e p t i21 /,mzn~dgmandt ~~velapmantl marketing mix / , m a : k ~ t ~'rgn~ksl 13 4 limited companyLtd /,11m1t~d management layers 21 /,mznrdgmant 'le~azl45 mass-produce /,mzs pra'dju:s/ 'kampanii 12 management styles limited liability /,11m1t1d 1,mznrdgmant 'sta~lzl44 16 mannerisms I'mznar~zamzl60 matters arising 1,mztaza ' r a ~ z ~ g l ,la1a1b1latii12 manufactured /,mznjalfzktJad line /la~n/48 16 55 list price I'l~spt ra1sl23 manufactured goods media /'media/ 1 3 listed I ' l ~ s t ~ d36l /,mznja,fzktJad 'gudzl 16 mediation /,rni:di1e~Jan/66 loan capital Ilaun ' k z p ~ t a l i32 manufacturer mediator I1mi:die~ta6/ 6 log off I l ~ g'ufl26 /,mznjaufzktJara/16 meeting /'mi:t~g/54 log on I l ~ g' ~ n 2/ 6 manufacturing industries member I'membal 12 long-hours culture / , l ~ g,auaz / , m z n j a , f z k t J a r ~ g'lndastrizl memorize I'memara~zl59 13 merge /ms:dg/ 34 'kdtJa1 45 manufacturing plant merger I1ms:dga/ 34 long-term liabilities / , l ~ tgs:m /,mznjalfzktJar~pgla:nt/ 16 methodical Ima'0~d1kaV4 manufacturing sector microphone l'rna~krafaud60 ,la~a'brlatiz/30 /,mznja,fzktS.r~g'sektal 13 mid-priced Im~d'pra~s2tl3 lose your job 1,lu:z j3: ' d g ~ b l7 mark-up 1,ma:k apt 27 mid-range Irn~d're~ndg2l3 lose your temper 1,lu:z j3: market economy /,ma:k~t middlemen /'mrdlmen/ 24 ~ ' k ~ n a m1i9i minimum wage / , m ~ n ~ m a m 'tempat 57 market forces /,ma:k~t' ~ ~ : s I z / loss ADS/ 23, 28, 31 19 'we~dg5i loss leader /IDS'li:da/ 23, 28 market growth /,ma:k~t'grau01 minute-taker I ' m ~ nt~et~ k a5l 5 loss-making 1'1~rsn e ~ k ~2g8l 20 mobile I'mauba~V48 low-end Ilau'end 23 market leader /,ma:k~t'li:da/ mobile phone /,mauba11'faun/ low-key /lau'ki:/20 20 low-priced /lauipra~st2/ 3 48 low-tech /laultek/15 model / ' m ~ d a V22,23 loyalty cards I ' b ~ a l tki a:dz/ 25 moderated i ' m ~ d a r e ~ t l6d5 mogul I'maugaV 10 money laundering I'mani ,b:ndar~g/40 Business Vocabulary in Use

money spinners l'mrmni ,sp~naz/ on neutral ground / ~ ,nju:tral part-time work /,pa:t t a m 28 'graund / 63 'w3:W 1 monotone I ' m ~ n a t a u d60 on schedule / ~ 'Jnedju:V 42 partners llpa:tnazJ 17 mortgage /'ms:g~dg/ 35 open /'aupanl 44 partnership /'pa:tnaJ~pl 12 motivated l ' m a u t ~ v e ~ t4~ d open-plan offices /,aupan 'plzn parts /pa:tsl 17 multimedia presentation password llpa:sws:d 26 , D ~ I S I6~ patents /'pe~tants1/5 l,mrmlti'mi:dia ,prezanltelJan/ operator / ' ~ p a r e ~ t 4a9l pay / p e ~ /5 60 options contract 1'~pJanz pay off / ' p e ~ f 3/5 multinational l,m~ti'nzJanaV payables I'pe1abld29 11 , k ~ n t r z k t /36 payment terms I'pe~mant mutual /'mju:tJuaV 12, 35, 62 order 1'3:daI 29 mutual advantage 1,mju:tJual organized 113:gana~zd4 ts:mz/ 29 ad1va:nt1d31 62 original concept /alrldganal payphone /'pe~faun/48 mutual funds /,mju:tJual payroll I'pelraul 6 'frmndzl 35 ' k ~ n s e p t1l 4 peak lpi:W 39 mystery shoppers /,m~stari out of work /,aut av 'w3:W 38 penalties l'penaltiz/ 42 ' J ~ p a z l18 outline I1autlaln/ 59 penetrate a market /,pen~trelat nationalized l'nzJanalalzd 11 outplacement /'aut ,ple~smant/ needs /ni:dz / 63 'ma:k~t/20 negative growth /,negat~v 7 pension /'pentJan/ 5, 35 'grauO/ 39 outside suppliers /,autsald perfectionism /palfekJan~zam/ negotiate /n~'gauJie~6t/2 negotiating / n ~ ' g a u l i e ~ t ~63g,I salplalaz/ 17 42 65 outsource /'auts3:s/ 7 performance /pa1f3:mans/ 5, 7, negotiations /n~,gauli'e~Janz/ outsourcing /'auts3:slg/ 1 7 62 outstanding /,autlstrend~g6/ 6 18 negotiator /nllgauJielta/ 62 over budget /,auva ' b ~ d g ~2t8/ performance reviews neon signs /,ni:~n'salnd 25 overdraft llauvadra:ft/ 35 nervous breakdown /'ns:vas overhead costs I'auvahed /pa1f3:mans r1,vju:zl 7 'bre~kdaunl43 performance-related bonuses net margin /,net 'ma:dg~n/27 , k ~ s t s 2/ 7 net profit /,net ' p r ~ f ~3t1/ overhead projector (OHP) / p a , f ~ m a nrs1'1e1t1d niche market /,ni:l 'ma:k~tl23 ' b a u n a s ~ d5 night shift / ' n a ~Jt ~ f t /2 /,auvahed prauldgekta/ 60 perks /ps:ksl 5 nine-to-five job / n a ~ nta f a ~ v overheads I1auvahedz/27 permanent I1ps:manantl 1 ' d g ~ b /2 overlap /'auvalrep/ 42 personal organizers /'ps:sanal non-core assets / , n ~kn3: overleveraged Iauva '1i:verldgd '3:gana1zazl 42 'resets/ 34 personnel /,ps:salnel 6 non-executive directors / n ~ n 32 personnel department ~ g , z e k j a t ~d1v'rektad 9 overproduction non-negotiable / n ~ n pharmaceuticals n1'gauliabl 65 /,auvapra'd~klan1/ 6 / , f a : m a l s j u : t ~ k a l z /1 3 non-profit organizations / n ~ n overspent /,auvalspent/ 28 , p r ~ f,~3:tgana1'zelJanz/ 12 overtime /'auvata~m/5, 6 phase /fe~z/42 not-for-profit organizations / n ~ t overwhelmed l,auva'welmd phone /faun/ 48 f3: ' p r ~ f ,~3:tgana1,zerJand phonecard llfaunka:d 48 12 43 physical contact / , f ~ z ~ k a l numerate /Inju:marat/ 4 overwork /auvalws:W 43 objective /ab1dgekt~v/56,3 owe Iaul 29 ' k ~ n t r e k t /4 7 obsolete /'~bsali:t/15 own-brand product /aunlbrrend physical delivery / , f ~ z ~ k a l obstacles / ' ~ b s t a k l d65 offer / ' ~ f a /3, 64 , p r ~ d ~ k2t2/ d1'11varii 26 office worker / ' D ~ IwSs:ka/ 2 own-label product Iaun 'lelbal pitch /prtl/ 60 offices / ' D ~ I S6I ~ place /ple~s/21 , p r ~ d ~ k2t2/ place an order /,ple~asn '3:da/ packaging / ' p z k ~ d g ~ g21/ page views /pe~dg'vju:zl 26 29 pager /'pe~dgal48 plastic I'plrest~W35 panic selling I ' p z n ~ ksel1g1 37 plummet / ' p l m ~ t /39 paper qualifications /'pe~pa poison pill / ' p ~ z a n, p ~3l4 position /pa'z~lan/3 , k w ~ l r f ~ ' k e ~ l a4n z l post /paust/ 3 parent company /'pearant postpone Ipaust'paud 65 , k ~ m p a n U34 part-time job /,pa:t t a ~ m' d g ~ b / 1 ess Vocabulary in U s e

pre-tax loss 1pri:tzks 'IDS/31 production lines Ipra'd~kJan quality of life / , k w ~ l a taiv 'la~fi pre-tax profit 1pr:tzks ' p r ~ f ~ t / la1nz1 16 43 31 precisely 1pr1'saislii 57 productive I p r a ' d ~ k t ~ 5v4l quality time / ' k w ~ l a t'i t a ~ 4d3 predator I'predatal 34 present I'prezant l 47 productivity / , p r ~ d ~ k ' t ~ v 1a6t i i question I'kwestJani 59, 60 presenteeism /prezanlti:zd 47 president I'prez~dantl9 profit and loss account / , p r ~ f ~ t questionnaires /,kwestJa'neaz/ press conference I'pres and '10s akauntl 31 14 , k ~ n f a r a n s /59 pressure i1preJar/43 ~ r o f imt argin I ' p r ~ f ,~mta:dg~ni quoted I ' k w a u t ~ d36 prey Ipre11 34 price Ipra~sl19,21,23,40 27 racial discrimination /,re~Jal price boom I'pra~bs u : d 23 price controls I'prals kantraulzl profit-making I ' p r ~ fm~et1k1g1 d ~ , s k r ~ m ~ ' n e ~8J a n / 23 28 racism I ' r e ~ s ~ z a8d price cut /'pra~sk ~ t 2/ 3 price fixing I'pra~fs1ks1g140 profitability /,pr~f1ta'b111ti2i 8 racist I ' r e ~ s ~ s8t l price hike I'pra~hs a~W23 price leader / , p r a ~'s1i:daI 23 profitable i ' p r ~ f ~ t a b2y8 racketeers / , r z k ~ ' t ~ a r4z0/ price tag I'pra~stzgl 23 price war I'pra~ws s:/ 23 profits i ' p r ~ f ~ t 7s l raise capital 1re1z 'kzp~taY32 pricing I'pra1s11~123 principal /'pr~nsapall32 project /'pr~dgekt4/2, 54, 60 rally i'rzlii 37 priorities / p r a ~ ' ~ r a t i6z3/ prioritize / p r a ~ ' ~ r ~ t4a2~ z / project management /,pr~dgekt rambling l'rzmbl~gl54 priority l p r a ~ l ~ r a t4i2i private I ' p r a ~ v ~1t1l , 35 ' m z n ~ d g m a n t l42 rat race I'rzet re1s1 43 private enterprise /,praiv~t promotion /pralmauJani 7, 21, rate / r e ~ t /35 privatized /'pra~v~ta~z1c1U proactive /,praulzekt~v4/ 25 raw materials / , r x ma't~arialzl probing /'praub1gl64 problem i ' p r ~ b l a d60 proposals /pralpauzalz/ 64 17,22 produce /'pr~dju:s1/ 6 producer /praldju:sa/ 16,24 proprietary Ipra'pra~atarii15 reach agreement 1,ri:tJ product / ' p r ~ d ~ k1t4/, 15, 16, protection lpraltekJani 33 algri:mant/ 58 21,22,25,28, 59 product development / , p r ~ d ~ k t prototypes I'prautata~psl14 reach break-even point 1,ri:tJ d ~ ~ v e l a p m a n1t l5 prove your point /,pru:v js: b r e ~ k'i:van p s ~ n t l28 product launch / , p r ~ d ~ k t ' p s ~ n t l57 realistic plan I , r ~ a l ~ s'tp~lzkni '1s:ntJI 14, 59 product lifecycle / , p r ~ d ~ k t provided that Iprau'va~d~bdz t l 42 ' l a ~ f s ~ k ( e )2Y2 64 reassure lIri:a1Jua/65 product line i ' p r ~ d ~lkat~ n i22 product mix I ' p r ~ d ~mk1tks1 22 providing that I p r a u ' v a ~ db~z t~l~ rebalancing /ri:'bzlans11~143 product placement 1 , p r ~ d ~ k t 64 recall /r1'k3:l/ 14 ' ~ l e ~ s m a n2t2l product portfolio / , p r ~ d ~ k t psychometric tests receivables /r~'si:vablz/29 ,ps:t 'fauliaul 22 /,sa~kau,rnetr~'tkests1 3 receive 1r1'si:vl53 product positioning / , p r ~ d ~ k t public holidays / , p ~ b l ~ k receivers /r~'si:vaz/ 33 palz~Janlg/22 product range / , p r ~ d ~'rket1nd31 ' h ~ l a d e ~ 4z7i receivership /r~'si:vaJ~p3/3 22 public limited company / , p ~ b l ~ k recession 1r1'seS.d 39 ,11m1trd'k~mpaniflflc 12 recommended retail price public telephone / , p ~ b l ~ k 1,rekamendld 'ri:te11 pra~sl 'tel~fauni48 23 punctuality /,p~nktJu'zlatii47 reconsider its position purchaser 1'ps:tJasal 19 /,ri:kan,'s~da~ t psa'z~Jani65 purchasiilg managers /,ps:tJas~r~ record high 1,reks:d 'ha11 37 ' m z n ~ d g a z l1 9 recover / r ~ ' k ~ v3a3/ purpose I1ps:pas/ 56 recovery / r ~ ' k ~ v a r3i3i , 37 put back /put 'bzW 51 recruit 1r1'kru:tl 3 put off /put 'Df/ 51 recruiter 1r1'kru:tal 3 put through /put '0ru:I 49 recruitment /r~'kru:tmant/3 put up money /put ~p ' m ~ n i i32 red ink Ired 'IIJW 31 qualifications /,kw~11f1'ke1$anzl referees /,refairi:z/ 3 3, 46 references I'refarans~zl3 qualify as / ' k w ~ l ~zfza/~4 reforms /r~'fs:mz/19 quality l'kw~latii18, 42, 43 register I1red31sta/26 quality circles I ' k w ~ l a t,iss:klz/ regulate I'regjale~tl40 18 rehearse /r~'hs:s/ 59 quality control / , k w ~ l a t i remain steady / r ~ , m e '~stnedii kan'trauy 18 39 remote /r~'maut/44, 45 168 Business Vocabulary in Use

remuneration /r~,rnju:na're~Janl rude iru:d 57 send an email /,send an 'i:rne~V 53 5 rules of conversation 1,ru:lz av senior I1si:nia/ 7, 46 remuneration package k ~ n v a ' s e r J a d47 senior executive 1,si:nia ir~,rnju:na'ra~Ja' pna k ~ d g5i run i r ~ 1d ~ g ' z e k j a t ~9v i service industries /'SB:VIS repetitive /r~'petatrv/2 run out of time / r ~ anut av ~ndastrizl13 repetitive strain injury (RSI) ' t a ~ d58 service sector /'S~:VIsSekta.1 13 services /'SB:VISIZ1/3, 19 / r ~ , p e t a t ~' svt r e ~ n,rndgarii run over / r ~ n'auval 60 settle disputes /,set1drlspju:tsi 8 sack /saki 7 62 settlement I'setlrnanti 66 reply /rilplar/ 49, 53 safe / s e ~ f /14 severance package I'sevarans reports /r1'p3:ts/ 31 salary iisalarii 5 p a k ~ d j i5 severance payment I1sevarans representatives sale Ise1Il27 p e ~ m a n t l5 / , r e p r ~ ' z e n t a t ~ v6d3 sale price per unit /,se11prars sex discrimination Iseks research and development p3: 'ju:nrt/ 28 d~,skrrmr'neiJanl8, 41 sexual harassment 1,sekJual (R&D) 1r1'ss:tJ an sales areasisales territories ha'rasmanti 8 d~~velaprnan1tl5 I'serlz ,eariaz/'se~lz share capital /,Sea ,kapitaV 32 share options /'Sea ~ p J a n z5i research centreicenter / r ~ ' s ~ : t J ,ter~tariz2/ 5 share price /'Sea pra1s1 37 shareholders /'Jea,hauldazi 32 ,senta/ 15 sales figures il,serlz , f ~ g a ~2z7/ shares iJeazi 36 shift / J ~ f t /2 researchers inlsa:tJazi 14 sales forecast lse~lz,f3:ka:sti ship /SIP1 29 shop /SDp/ 24 reseller 1ri:'selal 24 27 shopping cart /'JOPIIJka:ti 26 shopping centre /'JDPIOsent a/ resend 1ri:'sendi 52 sales forecasts I'serlz 24 resign / r ~ ' z a ~ n7/ ,f3:ka:sts/ 14 shopping malls I ' J D P Ir~n3:lzl resolution /,rezallu:Jan/ 66 sales growth IiserlzgrauO127 24 shopping precinct / ' S D P I ~ resolve / r ~ ' z ~ l 5v5/ sales manager i'se~lzmzn~dgai pri:srgkt/ 24 responsibility / r ~ , s p ~ n s a ' b ~ l a t i i 25 shortage I1J3:trd3/ 16 shortlist /'J3:tl1st/ 3 1 sales meeting l'se~lzmi:trgI 27 show off /Jau ' ~ f I 5 4 sick 1s1ki 33 responsible for / r ~ ' s p ~ n s afbs:l/ sales outlet i'serlz autletl 24 simultaneous /,s~mal'te~nia4s2i site isart/ 6, 26 1 sales team /'se~lzti:m/ 27 situation /,srtjulelJan/ 3 situations vacant l , s ~ t j u e ~ J a n z restructure /,ri:'str~ktJai7 salesforce iise~lzf3:si25 ' v e ~ k a n t l3 restructuring /,ri:'str~ktJarrg/ salesmen /'se~lzman/25 skill /skrl/ 4 skilled lskrld 4 34 salespeople /'se~lzpi:pll 25 skyrocket / ' s k a r , r ~ k ~3t9/ slash i s l d i 39 result i r r ' z ~ l t2i8, 31 saleswomen /'se~lzwrm~n2/5 sleaze /sli:z/ 40 slide projector 1lsla1d retail ilri:terY 13, 24 satisfying /'sztrsfa~rg/2 praudgektal 60 retail outlet /'ri:te~I,autlati 24 savings account /'serv~gz slump i s l ~ m p l39 small investors ism.s:l retailers /'ri:te~laz/ 24 akaunti 35 mlvestaz/ 35 retained earnings Irrternd scam isksed 40 's:n~gzi33 schedule I1Jedju:V 42 retire 1r1'taraI 7 screen /skri:n/ 60 retirement /rritaramant/ 7 search engine i1s3:tJ endg~n/ return your call 1r1ts:n j3: 'k3:li 26 49 seating ~ l a inlsi:trg plseni 59 revenue ilrevanju:/ 27 secondly ilsekandlii 60 rewarding / ~ I ' w ~ : ~4I3I J / securely is1'kjuarlii 26 reworking /,ri:'w3:k1g/ 18 securities is~~kjuaratiz3i6 right first time i,rart ,fs:st security /srikjuaratil26, 32, 36 ' t a ~ m1i8 selection process Isr'lekJan ring ir1g148 prausesl 3 rival I'ra~vaV20 self-driven /,self 'dr~vani 4 role of silence iraul av 'sarlansi self-employed /,self rrnlpl.srdi 47 11,12 rollout /'raulaut/ 14 self-motivated /,self round of negotiations i,raund 'maut r v e ~1t d l 4 av nI1gauJi1erJanz6/2 self-starters iself 'sta:taz/ 4 routine 1ru:'ti:nl 2 seller i'selai 19 royalties i'r.s~altiz/15 seminar /'sem~na:i59 rsinessVocabulary in Use

small or medium-sized store /sts:/ 24 textiles l'teksta~lz1i 3 enterprise (SME)/,sms:l 3: stored /st3:d/ 17 the City /aa 's1t2 36 ,mi:diam s a ~ z d'entapra~zl street furniture 1'stri:t ,fs:nrtJal the close /aa klauz/ 37 11 the four ps laa fs: 'pi:z/ 21 25 the free market /aa ,fri: 'ma:k~t/ small talk 1'sms:l t3:W 63 street vendors I1stri:t vendarzl smart casual 1,sma:t 'kae3juaV 19 19 the market /aa 'ma:k~tl 19 46 stress-induced I'stres 1ndju:stI the Square Mile /aa skwea smile 1sma1V 60 snowed under lsnaud 'andal 51 43 'rna~l3l 6 soar /s3:/ 39 stressed out /,strest 'autl 43 threats /&ets/ 65 socially responsible /,sauJali stresses and strains /,stres~aznd time / t a ~ m l42 time is money l , t a ~ mIZ 'man2 r ~ ' s p ~ n s a b4l /1 ' s t r e ~ n z i43 sole owner 1,saul'aunal 12 stressful /'stresfull43 42 sole proprietor 1,saul stretched /stretJt/ 43 time management / , t a m strike 1stra1W 6 pra'pra~atal12 structure /'straktJal59 'maen1d3mantl 42 sole trader 1,saul'treidal 12 subcontracting timeframe /'taimfrerml42 sophisticated Isa'f~st~keidr1t 23 timescale l'ta~mske~4ll2 special displays /,speJal I1sabkan,traekt~g1l7 timetable / ' t a ~ m , t e ~ b4l2/ , 63 subordinates lsa1b3:danats1 44 timings I ' t a ~ m ~ g z60l d~'spleizl25 subsidiaries lsab's~diarid34 tips / t ~ p s l5 special offers /,speJal 'Dfa~l25 sum up I s m 'apt 58, 60 tiring / t a ~ a ~2g / specifications/specs supermarket Ifsu:pa,ma:k~tl24 to license Ita 'la~sansl15 suppliers lsa'pla~ad17 to market /ta 'ma:k~t/21 l,spes~f~'ke~Janzlspe1k8sl support staff /saip3:t sta:f/ 6 to rally lta 'raeW 37 speculator l'spekjale~tal36 surf /ss:f/ 26 to recover Ita r1'kaval37 spend Ispendl 28 surge lss:d31 39 to settle Ita 'setll 66 sponsor l ' s p ~ n s a l25 surveys 1'ss:verzI 14 toll-free number l,taul,fri: sponsorship I ' s p ~ n t s a J ~ p2l5 sweatshop labor / , s w e t J ~ p spot checks / , s p ~'t Jeks/ 18 'nmbal stable l'ste~bl3l 9 'le1bal41 top-down approach /tDpldaun staff /sta:fl 6 sweetener /'swi:tanal 40 stage lsteid31 42 switchboard I1sw~tfi3:d/49 aprautJ1 44 stagflation 1st aeg'fle~Jan!39 systematic /,s~sta'maet~W4 top-end l t ~ p ' e n d l23 stagnation /staeglne~Jan3/9 tactfully IitaektfaW 55 total costs /,tautalik~sts2/ 7 stalemate l ' s t e ~ l m e ~6t l6 takeover I'terkauval 34 total market capitalization stand-up presentation lstaend a p talented I'taelantrdl 4 talk /t3:W 59 ltautal ,ma:k~t ,prezan'te~Jan5! 9 target l'ta:g~tl24,27 start-ups /'sta:taps/ 10 task 1ta:sW 42 ,k a e p ~ t a l a ~ ' z e ~ J a3n7l state pension 1,stelt 'penJan! 35 team of equals 1,ti:m av state-of-the-art / , s t e ~atv ai a:t/ total quality management 'i:kwalzl 45 (TQM)1,tautal , k w ~ l a t i 15 team-players /,ti:mtple~az/4 'maenrdgmant/ 18 state-owned / , s t e ~atund technical support /,tekn~kal tough lthfl2,20 'kampanid companies 11 sa1p3:t/ 6 tourism l'tuar~zaml13 steel 1sti:ll 13 technology ltek'n~lad3215 trade balance / t r e ~ d'baelansl38 step /step/ 42 telecommunications trade credit I t r e ~ d'kred~tl29 stereotypes l'steriautarpsl 45 trade deficit I t r e ~ d'defrs~tl38 sticking points l ' s t ~ k ~p3glntsl l,tel~ka,mju:nl'ke~Ja1nz3/ trade down / t r e ~ d'daun! 23 telecommuting l,tel~ka'mju:t~gl trade gap l ' t r e ~ dgaepl 38 65 trade surplus l t r e ~ d'ss:plasl 38 stiff / s t ~ f2/ 0 2 trade unions Itrerd 'ju:njanzl6 stimulating I'st~mjale~trg2l, 4 3 telemarketing l,tel~'ma:kitrg2I 4 trade up l t r e ~ dlap1 23 stock exchange / ' s t ~ k telephone banking /,telrfaun tradeoff l ' t r e i d ~ f i64 traders ltrerdazi 36 1ks,tJe1nd3/ 36 'baegk~gl35 trading l t r e ~ d ~ g37l stock market I ' s t ~ kma:k~t/36 teleworking /'tel~ws:krg/2 traditional retailing Itrad~Janal stock options / ' s t ~ k~ p J a n z5/ temporary l'tempararii 1, 7 stocks / s t ~ k s /17 terminate l'ts:m~neitl7 'ri:te111gl 26 stoppage /'st~p1d3/6 testing /'testlg/ 14 train /tre~n/4 I 7 0 Business Vocabulary in Use

training I'trern~gl4 variable costs 1,veariabl ' k ~ s t s l wound up lwaund ' ~ p 3l 3 written down 1,rrtan 'daud 30 transfer l1trzntsfs:135, 49 27 written off / , r ~ t a~n f 2l9 written proposal / , r ~ t a n transparency /trzn'spzransi/ vendor I'vendal 19 pra'pauzali 66 60 venture capitalist 1,ventJa wrong number /,rug ' n ~ m b a l treadmill l'tredm~li43 ' k z p r t a l ~ s t l32 49 wrongdoers /'r~gdu:az/40 trialling I ' t r a ~ a l ~ g14l venue I1venju:/ 55, 59, 63 wrongdoing I ' r ~ g d u : ~ g4l0 zero defects I,z~arau'di:fektsl trials Itra~alz1l 4 vice-presidents (VPs)/ , v a ~ s 18 tricks ltr~ksl65 'prezrdantsl 9 troubled I ' t r ~ b l d3l3 videoconferencing trough l t r ~ f l39 l , v ~ d i a u ' k ~ n f a r a n s ~4r8J i true and fair view Itru: an fea videophone l'v~diaufaud48 'vju:/ 31 visionary I'v~ganaril44 turn down 1ts:n 'daun13 visitors / ' v ~ z ~ t a 2z6/ turnaround 1'ts:nar ,aundl 33 visual aids l,v~gua'lerdzl 59 turn round 1,ts:n 'raundl 33 voicemail I ' v s ~ s m e ~4l9i turnover 1'ts:nauval 27, 37 volume 1'v~lju:m2i 7 TV commercial 1,ti:vi: voluntary sector 1,v~lantari kalms:JaV 25 'sektal 12 tycoon 1ta1'ku:d 10 volunteer / , v d a n l t ~ a1/2 ultimatum / , ~ l t ~ ' m e ~ t a6m5 i wages I ' w e ~ d g ~5z i under budget 1 , ~ n d'ab ~ d g ~ t l walk-out 1'w.s:k autl6 28 Wall Street llw.s:l stri:t/ 36 under duress / , ~ n ddaju'resl 65 wander off the point 1 , w ~ n d a under licence 1 , ~ n d a'lrarsansl ~f Ba ' p s ~ n t l54 15 WAP phone I'wzp f a u d 48 under stress 1 , ~ n d'astresl 43 warehouses I'weahauz~zJ17 undercutting 1 , ~ n d a ' k1g~1t23 waste of time 1,werst av ' t a ~ m i underlying /,~nda'la11g1 54 security 36 webcam I'webkzmi 48 underspent 1,~nda'spent2l 8 white knight 1,wa1t'na1t1 34 uneconomic / ~ n , i : k a ' n ~ m ~3k8 / whiteboard I1wa1tb.s:d/ 60 uneconomical / ~ n , i : k a ' n ~ m ~ k a l iwholesalers l'haul,se~laz/24 38 win-win l , w ~ n ' w ~6d4 unemployed l , ~ n ~ m ' p l s3~8d / windfall l'w1ndfs:Y 35 unemployment window dressing I'wrndau / , ~ n ~ m ' p l s ~ m a3n8t / dresrgl 31 unethical I~n'eerkaY41 wipe off /,warp 'Df/ 37 unethically I~n'e01kW41 worklw3:W 1 unfocused I ~ n 'afukastl 34 work experience 1,ws:k uniforms /'ju:n~f.s:mz/46 ~ k ' s p ~ a r i a n4s l uninteresting / ~ n ' ~ n t r aIIsJtI 2 work-in-progress 1,ws:k In unique users /ju:,ni:k 'ju:zaz/ 'praugresl 17 26 workers I1ws:karzl 6 unit sales 1,ju:nrt 'serlz I 27 workforce I1ws:kfs:s/ 6 unit trusts 1,ju:nrt ' t r ~ s t s l35 working breakfast 1,ws:krg unstimulating / ~ n ' s t ~ r n j a l e ~ t ~ g / 'brekfastl 47 2 work from home 1,ws:k unstressful l~n'stresfuli43 fram 'haumi 2 upfront 1 , ~ p ' f r ~ n2t9I working hours /'ws:k~gauard upmarket l , ~ p ' m a : k ~2t3l 2 useful 1'ju:sfaY 54 works /ws:ks/ 16 user name /,ju:za'ne~mi26 workshop /'ws:kJ~p/16, 59 users 1'ju:zazJ 19 World Wide Web 1,ws:ld ,ward value /'vzlju:l 37 'web1 26 Business Vocabulary in Use

Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Sally Searby, Bernie Hayden, Rachel Harrison and the team at Cambridge University Press for smoothly guiding the book through the editorial process. The author and publishers would like to thank the following students and teachers who reviewed this edition and gave us invaluable feedback which helped to shape the material. Jacqueline Harding, Madrid, Spain; Ann Claypole, Birkenfeld, Germany; Yvette Petitjean, Brussels, Belgium; Kristi Alcouffe, Bonelles, France; Philippa-Louise Dralet, Paris, France; Aedin Whitty, Amsterdam, Holland; Joseph Peacock, Warsaw, Poland; Rachel Tomlinson, Stroud, UK; Students at OISE, Cambridge. The publisher would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce photographs and artwork. Illustrators: Clinton Banbury: pages 37, 74, 101, 118, 130; Adrian Barclay: page 122; Kathy Baxendale: pages 60, 128, 130, 134; Beccy Blake: page 18; Gecko Ltd: pages 20,22,24,43,49, 56, 60, 64, 68, 72, 82, 85, 100, 104, 105, 110, 137, 139. 141, 146, 152; Gary Wing: page 54. Photographs: Art Directors and Trip: pages 55, 78,921, 112r; Camera Press: pages 29 tl, bl, 32, 341, 661; Getty Stone Images: pages 10, 11, 121, 281,401, 52r, 58t1, 811, 90,94t, 96; Impact Photos: pages 95, 102m; Katz Pictures: page 126t; Network Photographers: pages 16, 34m, 83, 102b; Pictor International: pages 17, 20, 23, 366,42b, 62, 73, 98r, 1024 117r, 127t1,135; Popperfoto: pages 29 tr, tm, br, 138; Powerstock Zefa: page 80; Retna: page 29 bm; Rex Features: pages 34r, 58br; Robert Harding Picture Library: pages 28, 46, 521, 66r, 81r, 83, 94b, 1121, 117m, 140; Roland Harris: pages 12r; Ronald Grant Archive: page 58; Telegraph Colour Library: pages 40r, 58tr, 92t, 981, 1171, 120, 127r; Topham Picturepoint: page 57; Sally and Richard Greenhill: page 36t. Cover design by John Dunne. Design and page layout by Gecko Ltd. 172 Business Vocabulary in Use