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Reading Journal By Miss Jindapa Tiengtae Id number: 6031006034 This journal is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for English Reading and Writing 1 course of Liberal Arts in English Program, Mae Fah Luang University First semester 2018

Eating fiber can be delay brain aging Ana Sandoiu Medical News Today Monday 17 September 2018 Fiber is a key element of a healthful diet. New research breaks down the mechanism by which it can delay age-related brain inflammation. If all the studies that urge people to consume some diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains for a healthy life haven't convinced you yet to add more broccoli to your plate, perhaps this latest research will. Eating fiber-rich foods such as broccoli, nuts, oats, beans, and whole-grain bread might help delay brain aging by triggering the production of a short-chain fatty acid that has anti-inflammatory properties. This the main takeaway of a new study that was recently published in the journal Frontiers in Immunology. Rodney Johnson, a professor and the head of the Department of Animal Sciences at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, is the corresponding author of the study, and Stephanie M. Matt is the first author of the paper. How fiber lowers inflammation As Matt and colleagues explain in their study paper, microglia, a major type of immune cell in the brain — tend to become hyperactive and chronically inflamed with age. This inflammation of the microglia is one of the main causes of memory and cognitive decline in old age. Previous research has shown that a drug form of butyrate, which is a short-chain fatty acid that is produced in the colon when bacteria ferment fiber in the gut, can improve memory and reduce inflammation in mice. However, the precise mechanisms behind this weren't entirely understood. Also, previous research had not shown whether simply increasing the dietary content of fiber would achieve the same results as the drug. So, Matt and colleagues fed young and aging mice diets high and low in fiber. Then, the scientists measured the mice's blood levels of butyrate and their levels of pro-inflammatory substances in their intestines. Prof. Johnson sums up these findings, saying, \"The high-fiber diet elevated butyrate and other [short-chain fatty acids] in the blood both for young and old mice.\" \"But,\" he goes on, \"only the old mice showed intestinal inflammation on the low-fiber diet [...] It's interesting that young adults didn't have that inflammatory response on the same diet. It clearly highlights the vulnerability of being old.\"

Also, consuming a high-fiber diet reduced the intestinal inflammation in aging mice so much that it was indistinguishable from that of young mice. \"Dietary fiber can really manipulate the inflammatory environment in the gut,\" says Prof. Johnson. What about the brain, however? Why fiber is good for your brain A genetic analysis of inflammatory markers conducted by the scientists found that a high-fiber diet reduced inflammation in the brain's microglia. The researchers suspect that this was achieved by diminishing the production of a pro-inflammatory chemical known as interleukin- 1β, which some studies have linked with Alzheimer's. Study co-author Jeff Woods, a professor in the Department of Kinesiology and Community Health at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, comments on the findings. \"We know that diet has a major influence on the composition and function of microbes in the gut and that diets high in fiber benefit good microbes,\" he points out, \"while diets high in fat and protein can have a negative influence on microbial composition and function.\" Altering gut microbes, explains Prof. Woods, \"is one way in which [diet] affects disease.\" Prof. Johnson explains that the findings are relevant to humans, saying, \"People are not likely to consume sodium butyrate directly, due to its noxious odor,\" he says, but, \"A practical way to get elevated butyrate is to consume a diet high in soluble fiber.\" “What you eat matters. We know that older adults consume 40 percent less dietary fiber than is recommended. Not getting enough fiber could have negative consequences for things you don't even think about, such as connections to brain health and inflammation in general.\" https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323079.php?iacp

Week: 4 Title: Eating fiber can be delay brain aging Author: Ana Sandoiu Source: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323079.php?iacp Summary Fiber is an important element of a healthy diet because it can postpone age-related brain inflammation. Most studies urge people to consume some diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains for healthy life. Fiber- rich foods, for example, broccoli, nuts oats, beans, and whole-grain bread may help postpone brain aging by causing the production of a short-chain fatty acid, has anti-inflammatory properties. A new studies clarify that microglia*, a major type of immune cell in the brain tend to become hyperactive and chronically inflamed with age. In addition, this microglia inflammation is one of the main causes of cognitive decline in old age. So, Matt and his teams test in mice, and the result shows that the high-fiber diet upgrade butyrate* and short-chain fatty acids in mice blood. Moreover, consuming a high-fiber diet decrease intestinal inflammation in old mice that it’s indistinguishable from young mice. Dietary fiber can really manage the inflammatory environment in the gut. The scientists also find that a high-fiber diet decrease inflammation in the brain's microglia. Fiber diet has a major influence on the function of microbes in the gut, while diets high in fat and protein may have a negative impact on microbial function. To alter gut microbes is a way that diet affects disease. *microglia – glial cells derive from mesoderm *butyrate – a salt or ester of butyric acid My reaction/ reflection I love reading an article and news about health so I read this article until I understand well, at least three times. This article is not difficult because the story content is clear. Most sentences are not complicated, but easy to understand. In my opinion, this topic is so beneficial for readers, for it relates to our health. This article explains completely such as why fiber is important to our health, how it affects our health, and what fiber-rich foods we should consume. The people who need to be healthy, they should start by adding fiber nutrition in their meal. I totally agree that fiber can really manage the environment in our intestine, it also help in excretory system.

New Words Learned New Words Definitions 1.inflammation [n.] a condition in which a part of the body becomes red, sore and swollen because of infection or injury -New research breaks down the mechanism by which it can delay age-related brain inflammation. 2.chronically [adv.] (especially of a disease or something bad) continuing for a long time -As Matt and colleagues explain in their study paper, microglia, a major type of immune cell in the brain- tend to become hyperactive and chronically inflamed with age. 3.cognitive [adj.] connected with mental processes of understanding -This inflammation of the microglia is one of the main causes of memory and cognitive decline in old age. 4.intestine [n.] a long tube in the body between the stomach and the anus which food travels from the stomach and out of the body -Then, the scientists measured the mice's blood levels of butyrate and their levels of pro-inflammatory substances in their intestines. 5.elevate [v.] to give somebody/something a higher position or rank, often more important than they deserve -He says, but, \"A practical way to get elevated butyrate is to consume a diet high in soluble fiber.\" 6.vulnerability [n.] the quality of being weak and easily hurt physically or emotionally -It clearly highlights the vulnerability of being old. 7.indistinguishable impossible to judge as being different when compared to another similar thing [adj.] -Also, consuming a high-fiber diet reduced the intestinal inflammation in aging mice so much that it was indistinguishable from that of young mice. 8.immunology [n.] the scientific study of protection against disease -This the main takeaway of a new study that was recently published in the journal Frontiers in Immunology.

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