Health Science Flipbook (Test 1)

Body Systems Flipbook Achyuth Sarath Health Science Mr. Pickett, 1B

Table of Contents ● The Integumentary System (Page 3) ● The Musculoskeletal System (Page 4) ● The Nervous System (Page 5) ● The Special Senses (Page 6) ● The Cardiovascular System (Page 7) ● The Respiratory System (Page 8) ● The Digestive System (Page 9) ● The Urinary System (Page 10) ● The Reproductive System (Page 11)

The Integumentary System ● derm/o, dermat/o: skin ● Function(s): Barrier to protect the body ● kerat/o: cornea, horny, hard from outside world, also retains body ● xer/o: dry fluids ● xanth/o: yellow ● erythr/o: red ● Vocab: Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis, Hair ● pedicu/o: lice, louse ● onych/o: fingernail, toenail Follicle, sebum, sweat glands, basement ● myc/o: fungus membrane, stratum basale, nails, melanin, keratin ● pil/o: hair ● lip/o: fat ● Diseases/Disorders: Eczema, vitiligo, ● rhytid/o: wrinkle psoriasis, melanoma ● albin/o: white ● Careers: Dermatologist (skin specialist), Cosmetologist (plastic surgeon)

The Musculoskeletal System ● my/o: muscle ● Function(s): Provides form, shape, ● myel/o: spinal cord; bone marrow structure, and movement to the body ● oste/o: bone ● cost/o: rib ● Vocab: skeleton, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ● crani/o: skull ● -pexy: fixation; to put in place ligaments, joints, cardiac muscle, bone muscle, ● chondr/o: cartilage smooth muscle, bone marrow ● arthr/o: joint ● -plegia: paralysis; palsy ● Diseases/Disorders: Tendinitis, carpal ● kinesi/o: movement tunnel syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia ● Careers: Physical Therapist (help injured and ill people improve and progress), Myologist (muscle specialist)

The Nervous System ● neur/o: nerve ● Function(s): Receives info about ● encephal/o: brain environment around us, and generates ● myel/o: spinal cord; bone marrow responses to the info ● ambul/o: walking ● -esthesia: nervous sensation ● Vocab: Central Nervous System, Peripheral ● mening/o: meninges (membranes Nervous System, Cerebrospinal Fluid, meninges, covering the spinal cord & brain) spinal cord, brain, nerves, Frontal Lobe, Parietal ● psych/o: mind Lobe, Occipital Lobe, Temporal Lobe ● concuss/o: shaken together ● Diseases/Disorders: Parkinson's Disease, meningitis, Alzheimer’s Disease, Cerebral Palsy ● Careers: Neurologist (specializes in disorders of the nervous system), Neurosurgeon (surgeon of the nervous system)

The Special Senses ● irid/o: iris (colored portion of eye) ● Function(s): To detect environmental ● -cusis: hearing stimuli and transduce their energy into ● -opia: vision condition electrical impulses, which are then ● ot/o: ear responded to by the CNS ● tympan/o: tympanic membrane ● Vocab: ear, eyes, iris, cornea, nose, mouth, (eardrum); middle ear ● ophthalm/o: eye sensory receptors, olfactory nerve, optic nerve, ● -metry: process of measuring retina ● Diseases/Disorders: deafness, myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), glaucoma (eye diseases) ● Careers: Optometrist (Eye Doctor), ENT Specialist (ear, nose, throat specialist)

The Cardiovascular System ● cardi/o: heart ● Function(s): Circulates oxygen and ● angi/o: vessel (blood) removes waste from the body, ● hem/o, hemat/o: blood provides cells w/ nutrients, causes ● brady-: abnormally slow clotting after injury ● tachy-: abnormally fast ● thromb/o: clot ● Vocab: heart, lungs, vessels, aorta, superior ● -emia: blood condition ● leuk/o: white vena cava, inferior vena cava, artery, veins, ● erythr/o: red pulmonary, femoral ● arteri/o: artery ● Diseases/Disorders: High Blood Pressure, Cardiac Arrest (sudden loss of heart function), Arrhythmia (irregular beating of heart), Coronary Artery Disease (disease in major blood vessels) ● Careers: Cardiologist (Heart Doctor), Cardiac Surgeon (Heart Surgeon)

The Respiratory System ● bronch/o: bronchial tube ● Function(s): Helps your body absorbs ● cyan/o: blue oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide in ● laryng/o: larynx (voice box) the air so that your organs can work ● -oxia: oxygen ● oxy-: swift; sharp; acid ● Vocab: Lungs, Bronchi, Bronchioles, ● pleur/o: pleura ● pneum/o: lung; air; gas Diaphragm, Alveoli, Esophagus, Trachea, thorax, ● pulmon/o: lung Larynx, Pharynx ● thorac/o: chest ● trache/o: trachea (windpipe) ● Diseases/Disorders: Asthma, Lung Cancer, Pneumonia (inflames air sacs in one or both lungs), Bronchitis (inflammation of the lining of bronchial tubes) ● Careers: Respiratory Therapist (works with patients who have breathing disorders), Pulmonologist (treats diseases and conditions of chest)

The Digestive System ● cholecyst/o: gallbladder ● Function(s): Takes food and turns ● enter/o: intestines (small intestine) them into energy and nutrients for the ● col/o, colon/o: colon (large intestine) body to use to function, grow, and ● hepat/o: liver repair itself ● gastr/o: stomach ● or/o: mouth ● Vocab: Stomach, Colon (Large Intestine), Small ● -pepsia: digestion ● chol/e: bile; gall Intestine, Gallbladder, Liver, Pancreas, Anus, Bile, ● proct/o: anus and rectum Esophagus (windpipe; carries food to stomach), Salivary Glands (spit glands) ● Diseases/Disorders: Stomach Flu, IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome), Hemorrhoids (swollen veins in anus that cause bleeding), Gastritis (swelling of stomach lining) ● Careers: Dietitian (works with patients with dietary problems), Gastroenterologist (doctor for the digestive system)

The Urinary System ● -cele: hernia ● Function(s): Filters blood and creates ● -lysis: breakdown; separation; urine as a waste by-product destruction; loosening ● Vocab: Bladder, Kidneys, Urethra (tube that ● cyst/o: urinary bladder; cyst; sac of carries urine out of the body), Uria, Ureters (carry fluid urine from the kidneys to the bladder), Urine ● nephr/o: kidney (pee), Creatinine (nitrogenous waste), Loop of ● ren/o: kidney Henle (absorbs water and creates urine), (no ● -uria: urination; condition of urine more found) ● -pexy: fixation; to put in place ● -ectasis: dilation; dilatation; widening ● Diseases/Disorders: Nephrolith ● pyel/o: renal pelvis (Kidney Stones), Nephrosis (kidney disease), Urethritis (inflammation of the urethra), Nocturia (frequent urination in the night) ● Careers: Urologist (doctor for the urinary system), Nephrologist (kidney doctor)

The Reproductive System ● cervic/o: neck; cervix (neck of uterus) ● Function(s): The main functions of the ● salping/o: fallopian tube; auditory reproductive systems are to produce sex cells and to ensure the survival of (eustachian) tube the species ● ov/o: egg ● orchid/o: testis ● Vocab: Penis, Vagina, Uterus, Fallopian Tubes ● oophor/o: ovary ● men/o: menses; menstruation (where eggs travel through to get to the uterus), ● mamm/o: breast Eustachian Tubes, egg, sperm, Testis, Glans, Vas ● gynec/o: woman; female Deferens ● colp/o: vagina ● prostat/o: prostate gland ● Diseases/Disorders: Erectile Dysfunction (inability to get an/or keep an erection), Cervical Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Vaginal Cancer ● Careers: Gynecologist (women’s health specialist), Andrologist (deals with men’s reproductive health)