Canada & the World CREC 6436 2021

Canada & the WorldCREC 6436 Rev 2021A brief overview of the functions and operations of Canada’sDepartment of Global AffairsBob HillierPART IIIInternational Relationships

Lets review how we got this far.We had a look at “Fort Pearson”Diplomatic ImmunityWhat “Global Affairs” can do for you as a travelerThe Political to-ing and fro-ing in the departmentSome of the main PlayersCryptography. Government Security DepartmentsInformation the Government keeps about youToday we are going to look at International Relationships

We have already looked at “Echelon” (5 flags or 5 eyes)Now we will consider some other relationships1.The Commonwealth2.The Francophonie3.NORAD4.NATO5.NAFTA6.APEC (TPP)7.Other trade relationships China, Korea, Europe etc8.OECD9.Davos

The CommonwealthCurrent Commonwealth members (dark blue), current suspended members (green), former members (orange), and British Overseas Territoriesand Crown Dependencies (light blue)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations

Has 54 member states and includes approx. 2 billion people. Head is Queen Elizabeth, Secretary General is Patricia Scotland of Dominica. Discuss “Realms” Intergovernmental co-operation etc.The declared values are Democracy human rights , and the rule of Law. Countries are suspended if they are not deemed to be democratic examples ere Fiji, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Pakistan and Nigeria.- Commonwealth Games- Commonwealth War graves- Extradition arrangements- Etc.Discuss progression from Colony to Dominion to full independence Most recent countries to join are Mozambique (1995) ex Portuguese colony and Rwanda ex germancolony. As discussed Commonwealth countries exchange High Commissioners NOTAmbassadors

Difference Between an Ambassador and a High CommissionerAmbassador is the representative of one country in another country while high commissioner is the head of state in another country.Ambassador is the head of embassy while high commissioner is the head of high commission.the nations which were not part of British rule have an ambassador while countries which used to be British colonies are the ones where the high commission is appointed.Ambassador is less involved in local society while high commission is more involved in local societies.An ambassador always keeps its own citizen’s interest ahead while High Commissioner keeps the interest of the locals and their own citizens in front.Note exchange of senior govt officials in Australia, New Zealand etc.

La Francophoniehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie

Population of entire Francophonie is approx. 100 million – purported to represent the world’s French speaking community. 88 Members includes 54 states, 7 assocs. And 27 observers.Past Secretary Generals areMichaella Jean (ex GG of Canada)Bouto Boutros Ghali (Egypt) ex SecGen of UN–Current Secretary General is Louise Mushilwaba of RwandaNote Quebec and New Brunswick have separate seats as well as Canada.Organisation is different from the Commonwealth –main function is to preserve the French language and customs.

NORADNorth American Air DefenseHeadquarters - Cheyenne Mountain Complex Colorado In Peterson USAF Base also near Fort Collins (explain WWV WWVH) Atomic ClockA Canadian is always the Deputy Commander (currently Lieutenant-General Alain Pelletier, RCAF) there are also many other RCAF personnel based there - There is always an RCAF officer as a member of the rostered duty team. Discuss False Alarms -Mid Canada, Pinetree and DEW linesCanadian Sector is controlled from CFB North Bay (north of Ottawa) SAGE is now closed.Canada West - CFB Cold Lake AB Canada East CGB Bagotville QC

Russian TU 95 Bear–- Surveillance- Communications- General StoogingRussian TU 160 Blackjack–- Intercontinental Bomber similar to US B-1Note NATO reporting codesB Bomber–F Fighter Flanker, Fishbed, Fulllback–H - Helicopter Havoc, Hokum, Hind, Hip–Discuss U.S. Triad Nuclear “deterrent”.

How can you tell the difference between Canadian CF-18s and other Countries ?RCAFRAAF

What goes on at CFB Comox.There are no fighters permanently based at Comox. Comox has a fleet of CP-140 Aurora Maritime Patrol aircraft and are tasked for tracking submarines, they feed information into the Five Flags (Echelon) organisation. Discuss MAD (Magnetic Anomaly Detector), the stinger tails etc.Comox CFB is also Headquarters of the RCAF search and rescue organisation which includes CC- 115 Buffalo, CH -149 Cormorant, CC 138 Twin Otter and CC-295 KingfisherNaval support helicopters are based at Victoria Airport and supply CH-148 Cyclone Helicopters to the Navy frigatesThe Snowbirds also train at Comox..

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organizationhttp://www.nato.int/nato-welcome/Canada’s NATO Contribution 1.Up until the mid 80s Canada maintained an Army Brigade Group and Air wing in GermanyARMYNorth Rhine Westphalia–-Soest Hemer, Werl, IserlohnLahr (in the Black Forest) now called Black Forest Airport

Current NATO contributionsAWACS Aerial Warning and Control Systems–Operation ReAssurance in Latvia 450 troops 3 Bn RCR.–rdhttp://www.forces.gc.ca/en/operations-abroad/nato-ee.pageStanding Naval Force Atlantic SNMG1Currently HMCS St John’sNATO Headquarters Brussels probably 50 100 personell–Lt. General Allen CMM,MSC.CDAt any time, there can be up to 915 CAF members deployed on Operation REASSURANCE, making it Canada’s largest current international military operation. This includes:•approximately 240 sailors onboard a frigate, operating with NATO•540 soldiers leading a NATO enhanced Forward Presence Battle Group in Latvia•135 members of the Royal Canadian Air Force and approximately 5 CF-188 Hornet aircraft participating in NATO enhanced Air Policing

The MFO – “Red Caps” were established from the Camp David Accords signed between Egypt and Israel in 1978. There are about 1200 members currently 55 from Canada other countries include US , Fiji, Columbia and N.Z.They are tasked with ensuring both sides observed the treaty.Note Both Egyptian Present Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachim Begin were assassinated by their own citizens for agreeing to this accord.Uniform includes a Terracotta Beret so as not to be identified as a UN peace keeping force. (Blue Beret)

NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement#Canadahttp://www.naftanow.org/Originally Canada United States Free Trade Agreement in Jan 1988 (Bush/Mulroney) superseded in –Jan 1994 by NAFTA (Mulroney/Bush/Salinas.Covers Agricultural Trade, Manufacturing, The Environment,Investments, Intellectual property, Mobility of Labour etc.Some results The end of the Canada/US Auto arrangement–- Movement of over 1 million US manufacturing jobs to Mexico (similar Canada)- Maquiladores - expansion of towns near the Mexican boarder- Lessening of environmental standards (common)- Loss of sovereignty of domestic companysSome serious problems that have arisen- Mexican farmers loss of markets for corn–- Softwood lumber- Discuss Ethyl Corp MMT, Lone Pine, Methanex, Tax law (investment trusts) Water exports

Trade volumes (million USD)Channel20151993Nominal increaseReal increase*U.S.-Canada$518,217$199,184160.2%63.5%U.S.-Mexico$481,543$85,224465.0%255.0%Mexico-Canada$34,344$4,052747.6%432.5%Trilateral$1,034,104$288,460258.5%125.2%https://www.thebalance.com/nafta-pros-and-cons-3970481https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/trump-nafta-canada-mexico-trudeau/article33715250/https://www.forbes.com/sites/nathanielparishflannery/2019/03/26/whats-happening-with-nafta/#12481eea62f8New agreement as of July 1 2020 is called in Canada CUSMA in the US as USMCA.stSome changes include agreements on Drug Patent rules, access to Canadian Dairy market, Labour rules etc.Copywrite 20 Years, Drugs Canada 8 years US wanted 20 years etc.

APEC -ASIA PACIFIC ECONOMIC CO-OPERATIONThe leadup to the TPPAn annual APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting is attended by the heads of government of all APEC members except Taiwan (which is represented by a ministerial-level official under the name Chinese Taipei as economic leader). The location of the meeting rotates annually among the member economies, and a famous tradition, followed for most (but not all) summits, involves the attending leaders dressing in a national costume of the host country.I was involved in the 2007 event in Sydney . The Canadian delegation 100+ were housed in the top 4 floors of the Renaissance hotel, The Americans were in the Intercontinental, The Chinese the Shangri La etc.Discuss Cairns, Secure coms, The “Chaser” incident, Harper speech to Australian Parliament etc. RCAF Polaris etc.

TPP in a nutshellTwelve countries that border the Pacific Ocean signed up to the TPP in February 2016, representing roughly 40% of the world's economic output.The pact aimed to deepen economic ties between these nations, slashing tariffs and fostering trade to boost growth. Members had also hoped to foster a closer relationship on economic policies and regulation.The agreement was designed so that it could eventually create a new single market, something like that of the EU.But all 12 nations needed to ratify it, before it could come into effect.Once Donald Trump won last year's election, the writing was on the wall for the TPP.US participation was the major linchpin for the deal. It may be possible for the other countries to forge a smaller scale pact in its place, but it can't go ahead in its current form.Those other member states are: Japan - the only country to have already ratified the pact - Malaysia, Vietnam, Singapore, Brunei, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Mexico, Chile and Peru.



Chaser incidentFake security passes used by the comedians.On 6 September 2007, eleven cast and crew of the AustraliansatiricalTV comedy series,The Chaser's War on Everythingincluding executive producerJulian MorrowandChas Licciardello, were detained bypoliceoutside theInterContinental Hotelafter driving a fake motorcade through theSydney central business districtand breaching anAPECsecurity zone.[16]The group breached the secure area by masquerading as the motorcade of the Canadian delegation to APEC. Police only realised that the motorcade was a hoax when Chas Licciardello, dressed asOsama bin Laden, stepped out of an official-looking car replete with a Canadian flag flying from the bonnet,[17]outside the hotel, where U.S. President George W. Bush was staying. They were subsequently detained at Surry Hills Police Station for questioning, and charged with \"entering a restricted zone without justification\" under theAPEC Meeting (Police Powers) Act 2007.[16][18]Licciardello, Morrow and nine other members of the production team were released on bail, to appear in court on 4 October 2007. The incident led to criticisms of the event's security, andthe security of APEC restricted areas.[19]Their forged security passes contained the printed phrase \"It's pretty obvious this isn't a real pass\" above the photograph and \"JOKE\" next to it. On 28 April 2008the charges against all eleven members were dropped by the New South Wales Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) as it was considered that the police gave \"tacit\" permission for the group to enter therestricted zone by failing to identify the fake security badges.

Other trade relationshipsWe have Bilateral agreements with a number of countries including China, Britain (the old Commonwealth trade setup) Discuss Commonwealth preferenceWe used to help commonwealth countries under the Colombo Plan DiscussWe have signed an agreement with Europe - Discuss ratificationStock exchange (Toronto is a major mining exchange, Vancouver mining Companies – Canada’s Support for these commercial operations in third world countries.)Pipelines Northern Gateway, Kinder-Morgan, Keystone, Energy East etc.Fishing agreements - North Atlantic Cod, North Pacific SalmonCBSA US Border treaties –https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_border

OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development–Founded in 1948 initially to administer the Marshall PlanHQ Paris (has 34 members) –What do they do (This is their Official Line)The OECD promotes policies designed:to achieve the highest sustainable economic growth and employment and a rising standard of living in Membercountries, while maintaining financial stability, and thus to contribute to the development of the world economy;to contribute to sound economic expansion in Member as well as nonmember countries in the process of economic development; and to contribute to the expansion of world trade on a multilateral, nondiscriminatory basis inaccordance with international obligations.DiscussWorld Bank 188 Countries based Washington President is always a US nominee–IMF similar number of countries Head is always not an American Canada is 9 largest contributerthDavos Meeting in Switzerland (World Economic Forum) Brings together prominent Business leaders and Politicians)

We are now coming to the end – one organization we haven’t discussed in detail except briefly in Part One is the United Nations The UN had always been a cornerstone of Canada’s relationship with the rest of the world and our policy Was not to get involved in any conflicts etc. except under the auspices of the UN we looked at some of those Instances.We had nearly always had a seat on the Security Council (15 members, 5 permanent and 10 elected. But because of our “tilt” towards US interventionist policies and blind support of Israel we could not get a seatFrom 2000 onwards.Discuss our 2010 attempt. Tuvalu, Fiji, Samoa, Marshall islands , Palau, Papua New Guinea, Nuie, etc.Canada 1948 1949 , 1958 1959 , 1967 1968 , 1977 1978 , 1989 1990 , 1999 2000––––––If we still have time we will look at the events at our Embassy in Israel during the US led invasionOf Iran in 2002.

That’s all folks,See you on the 16thFeb for Part IV“The Current Situation” We are going to try and get a handle on the latest situation in Canada’s diplomatic affairs