ISJS-Transactions (July-September, 2021)

Xokfy;j {ks= ds tSu vfHkys[kksa eas if.Mr&çfr’Bkpk;Z leqnk; | 41 • if.Mr der o if.Mr uhde& Jh fnxEcj tSu efUnj] cjgn ds la- 1604 dkfÙkZd lqfn 5 HkkSeokj ¼1547 bZ-½ ds lE;XKku ;a=ys[k esa ewyla?k ds Hkêkjd /kEeZdhfÙkZ ds vkEuk; eas xksykjkM vUo; ds la?koh Hkhos dh iRuh xk=s ] muds iq= if.Mr der dh iRuh Hkksyk ,oa muds iq= if.Mr uhde dh iRuh Myq k }kjk izfr’Bk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2017% 163&164½A • if.Mr /kus’oj o if.Mr _’kHknkl & Jh lqik”ouZ kFk fnxEcj tuS efUnj] lqekoyh ds la- 1604 dkfÙkZd lqfn 9 “kfuokj ¼1547 bZ-½ rFkk Jh pUnzizHk iYyhoky fnxEcj tSu efUnj] ykfs g;k cktkj] ejq uS k ds la- 1604 dkfÙkZd lqfn 5 HkkSeokj ¼1547 bZ-½ ds nks fl)pØ ;a=ys[kkas eas eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN dqUndqUnkpk;kUZ o; ds Hkêkjd /kEeZdhfÙkZ ds vkEuk; eas }kn”kJs.kh vUo; ds lk/kq lark’s k.kq }kjk lifjokj fl)pØ ;a= dh izfr’Bk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gSA bu nkus kas gh ;a=ys[kkas dks if.Mr _’kHknkl us fy[kk FkkA igys ;a=ys[k eas if.Mr _’kHknkl dks if.Mr /kus”oj dk iq= dgk x;k gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2019% 127&129½A buds vykok Jh ik”oZukFk fnxEcj tuS cM+k efUnj] ujoj ds la- 1604 dkfÙkZd lqfn 9 lkes okj ¼1547 bZ-½ ds ,d ;a=ys[k eas eyw la?k ds Hkêkjd /keZdhfÙkZ ds vkEuk; eas ikSjikV oa”k ds lk/kq ykgs x }kjk lifjokj izfr’Bk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS vkSj vUr eas if.Mr fj’kHknkl dk ukekYs ys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018c% 258½A buds vykok ekS ds Jh ik”oZukFk fnxEcj tuS efUnj eas fojkftr l-a 1672 QkYxq.k lqfn 8 lskeokj ¼1615 bZ-½ ds ,d fl)pØ ;=a ys[k esa dk’Bkla?k ekFkqjkUo; iq’djx.k ds Hkêkjd tllsu ds vkEuk; esa if.Mr _’kHknkl ds mins”k ij vxzksrd vUo; o xXxZ xk=s ds lk/kq mtkxj }kjk lifjokj ;a= dh izfr’Bk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tuS 2017% 178&179½A l-a 1604 ds ;a=ys[kkas eas mfYyf[kr if.Mr _’kHknkl dk lEcU/k ewyla?k cykRdkjx.k ls gS] tcfd la- 1672 ds ;a=ys[k esa mUgas dk’Bkla?k ds vUrxZr dgk x;k gS] gkykfa d nksuksa gh fLFkfr;kas esa if.Mr _’kHknkl vfHké tku iM+rs gSaA • if.Mr ’kjgB & mjokgh ?kkVh ds la- 1630 ¼1573 bZ-½ ds fHkfÙky[s k esa if.Mr Bkdqj ds f”k’; if.Mr ‘kjgB o mudh iRuh okd.k;k dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018% 238½A • if.Mr izrki & Jh ik”oZukFk fnxEcj tSu cM+k efUnj] ujoj ds la- 1637 oS”kk[k lqfn 5 ¼1580 bZ-½ ds panzizHk /kkrq ewfrZys[k eas eyw la?k ds lk/kq gejk dh iRuh lke.kh o muds iq= if.Mr izrki }kjk lnSo iz.kke&fuosnu dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018c% 263½A • if.Mr ts’VeYy & Jh “kkafrukFk fnxEcj tuS efUnj] tuS ckM+k] fHk.M ds la- 1642 QkYxq.k lqfn 9 xq#okj ¼1585 bZ-½ ds ik”oZukFk /kkrq efw rZys[k eas dk’Bkla?k ekFkqjkUo; iq’djx.k ykgs kpk;kZUo; ds Hkêkjd dqekjlsu ds vkEuk; eas tSloky vUo; ds if.Mr ts’VeYy ds mins”k ij tSloky vUo; ds lk/kq fo’.kqnkl }kjk lifjokj izfr’Bk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2017% 171½A • if.Mr jk?ko & Jh ik”oZukFk fnxEcj tSu eafnj] djfg;k ds la- 1649 ek?k ofn 5 ¼1592 bZ-½ ds n”kyk{kf.kd ;a=ys[k esa vdcj tykynq ~nhu ds “kkludky eas xkis kpynqxZ ds lkeUr jktk vlkdj.k ds le; eas dk’Bkla?k ekFkqjkUo; iq’djx.k ds Hkêkjd ;”k%lsu ds vkEuk; eas if.Mr jk?ko ds mins”k ij vxzksrd vUo; ds la?koh xq.knkl }kjk lifjokj iz.kke&fuons u dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018% 245½A Jh oklqiwT; fnxEcj tSu efUnj] fdykxsV] Xokfy;j ds la- 1663 oS”kk[k ofn 2 lkseokj ¼1606 bZ-½ ds ik”oZukFk /kkrq ewfrZys[k eas dk’Bkla?k ekFkqjkUo; iq’djx.k ykgs kpk;kZUo; ds Hkêkjd fot;lsu ds vkEuk; eas if.Mr jk?ko ds mins”k ij vxzksrd

42 | vkbZ.,l.ts.,l&VªkatSDlUl] o’kZ&5] vad&3] tqykÃ&flracj] 2021 vUo; o xks;y xks= ds la?koh tkxs kthr }kjk lifjokj iz.kke&fuosnu dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018% 252½A Jh ik”oZukFk fnxEcj tSu efUnj] ekS ds la- 1666 oS”kk[k ofn 5 ¼1609 bZ-½ ds n”kyk{kf.kd ;a=ys[k esa dk’Bkla?k ekFkqjkUo; iq’djx.k ykgs kpk;kZUo; ds Hkêkjd dqekjlsu ds vkEuk; eas if.Mr jk?ko ds mins”k ij ygqjh;k xks= ds lk/kq lfB ,oa muds ifjokjtuksa }kjk izfr’Bk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2017% 177½A • if.Mr uls?ks & Jh oklqiwT; fnxEcj tSu efUnj] fdykxVs ] Xokfy;j ds la- 1658 vk’kk<+ ofn 10 jfookj ¼1601 bZ-½ ds efYyukFk ik’kk.k efw rZys[k eas if.Mr uls?ks }kjk izfr’Bk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tuS 2018% 248½A • if.Mr y’ku & Jh fnxEcj tuS efUnj] cj/kqok¡ ds la- 1658 ek?k lqfn 11 ¼1601 bZ-½ ds pj.kewfrZys[k eas if.Mr y”ku ds iq= jru }kjk Jh ;”k%dhfÙkZ xq# dh ikndq k dk fuekZ.k djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018v% 65½A • if.Mr ewynkl & l-a 1664 T;s’B lqfn 3 lkseokj ¼1607 bZ-½ ds lsB Jh fd”kuyky xxa oky fnxEcj tSu efUnj ¼Ø- 2½] flukoy ds ik”oZukFk ik’kk.k efw rZys[k( Jh fnxEcj tSu fl){k=s lksukfxj xksyflaxkj tuS efUnj ¼Ø- 4½] flukoy ds pUnzizHk ik’kk.k ewfrZys[k( rFkk Jh fnxEcj tuS chliaFkh dkpa efUnj ¼Ø- 15½] flukoy ds ik”oZukFk ik’kk.k efw rZys[kkas eas leku:is.k vjoa”k ds egkjktkf/kjkt Jh euL;nso ds jkT;dky eas eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN dqUndqUnkpk;kZUo; ds Hkêkjd f=ninwdhfÙkZ ds vkEuk; eas if.Mr eyw nkl fuoklh x;k ¼vk/kqfud x;k] fcgkj½ ds funsZ”ku eas xkis k xk=s ds fla?kbZ ek?klsu }kjk iz.kke&fuons u djus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018v% 66&68½A • ikMs lgley & Jh vkfnukFk fnxEcj tSu eafnj vfr”k; {k=s ] ikgs jh ds la- 1667 dkfÙkZd lqfn 5 lkseokj ¼1610 bZ-½ ds ‘kkMs ”kdkj.k ;a=ys[k eas ewyla?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN ds e.Mykpk;Z ujsUnzdhfÙkZ ds vkEuk; eas ikMs lgley }kjk lnSo iz.kke&fuosnu dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018c% 276&277½A • if.Mr fxjknS kl & Jh fnxEcj tSu efUnj] vVsj ds la- 1675 QkYxq.k ofn 3 “kqØokj ¼1618 bZ-½ ds ‘kkMs ~”kdkj.k/keZ ;a=ys[k eas ewyla?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN dqUndqUnkpk;kZUo; ds Hkêkjd txöw’k.k ds vkEuk; esa if.Mr fxjkSnkl ds izfr’Bkpk;ZRo eas [k.Msyoky tkfr o HkaNw xk=s ds lk/kq i`Foh ,oa ifjokjtukas }kjk izfr’Bk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2017% 180½A • if.Mr dkejkt o if.Mr vt;jkt] if.Mr lqUnjnkl] if.Mr ukjk;.knkl o if.Mr lq[knso & Jh pUnzizHk fnxEcj tSu iapk;rh efUnj] dksykjl ds 17oha “krh bZ- vusd ik’kk.k efw rZys[kkas ,oa ik’kk.kiêys[kkas ls eqxy “kkld tgk¡xhj ds vkf/kiR; ,oa LFkkuh; dNokgk lkeUr jktk vejflag ds jkT;dky esa dfoykluxj ¼orZeku dksykjl½ ds Jh pUnzizHk pSR;ky; eas eyw la?k lsux.k iq’djx.k o`’kHklsux.k/kjkUo; ds Hkêkjd ekfudlsu ds vkEuk; eas efUnj dk fuekZ.k ,oa mleas efw rZ&izfr’Bkvkas dk mYys[k gqvk gS vkSj bu izfr’Bkvksa eas izeq[k:is.k if.Mr dkejkt vkjS lkFk gh if.Mr vt;jkt] if.Mr lqUnjnkl] if.Mr ukjk;.knkl ,oa if.Mr lq[knso dk egÙoiw.kZ ;kxs nku jgk FkkA eyw la?k lsux.k ijEijk dk Xokfy;j {ks= eas lh/kk izHkko Hkh bUgha vfHkys[kksa ls Kkr gkrs k gSA bl efUnj ds l-a 1680 vk’kk<+ lqfn 9 xq#okj ¼1623 bZ-½ ds lqik”oZukFk ik’kk.k efw rZys[k eas eqxy “kkld tgk¡xhj ds “kkludky eas dfoykluxj ds Jh pUnzizHk pSR;ky; esa eyw la?k lsux.k iq’djx.k o`’kHklsux.k/kjkUo; ds Hkêkjd ekfudlsu ds f”k’;kas ikMa s dkejkt o ikaMs vt;jkt ds

Xokfy;j {ks= ds tSu vfHkys[kksa eas if.Mr&çfr’Bkpk;Z leqnk; | 43 mins”k ij lgsyokj vUo; o dkSjo xks= ds lkg Jh ds”kkou ,oa ifjokjtukas lfgr izfr’Bk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gSA blh efUnj ds l-a 1680 vk’kk<+ “kqDy 9 xq#okj ¼1623 bZ-½ ds ik’kk.kiêys[k esa eqxy “kkld “kkgtgk¡ ds “kkludky eas lkeUr dNokg jktk vejflag ds jkT; eas dfoykluxj ds Jh pUnzizHk pSR;ky; esa eyw la?k lsux.k i’q djx.k o’` kHklus x.k/kjkUo; ds Hkêkjd ekfudlsu ds f”k’;kas if.Mr dkejkt o if.Mr lqUnjnkl ds mins”k ij th.kkZs)kj&dk;Z gksus dk mYys[k gqvk gSA vxzksrd vUo; o fla?ky xk=s ds lqanjnkl ds iq= nsojk;] if.Mr lq[knsoth o pkS/kjh prqjnkl ds lkFk gh [k.Msyoky vUo; ds lk/kq /kujkt] /kuiky] fxj/kj] nsolsu o if.Mr ukjk;.knkl }kjk nku nsus dk mYys[k gqvk gSA blh efUnj ds la- 1695 ekxZflj ofn 10 cq/kokj ¼1638 bZ-½ ds ik”oZukFk ik’kk.k ewfrZys[k eas eqxy “kkld “kkgtgk¡ ds “kkludky eas ewyla?k lsux.k iq’djx.k ds Hkêkjd ekfudlsu ds vkEuk; eas czãpkjh xqyky o if.Mr dkejkt ds mins”k ij lgys okj vUo; ds gfjnkl ,oa ifjokjtuksa }kjk izfr’Bk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gSA blh efUnj ds la- 1712 Hkknz ofn 6 jfookj ¼1655 bZ-½ ds ftu ik’kk.k efw rZys[k eas dfoykluxj ds Jh pUnzizHk pRS ;ky; eas eyw la?k lsux.k iq’djx.k o`’kHklsux.k/kjkUo; ds Hkêkjd ftulsu ds vkEuk; eas czãpkjh izrkilkxj ds mins”k ij vxzksrd vUo; ds lqUnjnkl o ifjokjtuksa }kjk if.Mr lq[knso] if.Mr lqUnj o if.Mr dkejkt ds funsZ”ku eas izfr’Bk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gSA blh efa nj ds l-a 1717 oS”kk[k lqfn 3 jfookj ¼1660 bZ-½ ds iape#s ik’kk.k efw rZys[k eas dfoykluxj ds Jh pna zizHk pSR;ky; eas eyw la?k lsux.k iq’djx.k o`’kHklsux.k/kjkUo; ds Hkêkjd ftulsu ds vkEuk; esa if.Mr dkejkt o if.Mr lq[knso ds mins”k ij ijokj tkfr ds lk/kq n;ky ,oa ifjokjtukas }kjk izfr’Bk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018c% 291&293] 302&303] 315&316 o 321&323½A bl efUnj ds efw rZys[kkas ds vykok l-a 1703 Hkknz d`’.k 8 xq#okj ¼1646 bZ-½ dh /kkrqfuferZ ,d ik”oZukFk izfrek Jh fnxEcj tSu vfr”k; {k=s ] cjklks esa fojkteku gSA bl efw rZys[k eas eqxy ckn”kkg “kkgtgk¡ ds “kkludky eas ekyons”k ds dfoyklegkuxj esa dweZoa”k ds LFkkuh; jktk vejflag ds jkT;dky eas eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN dqUndqUnkpk;kZUo; ds Hkêkjd txr~dhfÙkZ ds vkEuk; esa if.Mr dkejkt ds mins”k ij vxzoky tkfr o fla?ky xk=s ds lk/kq rkjkpanz }kjk lifjokj izfr’Bk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2017% 195&196½A bl efw rZys[k ls lqLi’V gksrk gS fd bldk izfr’Bk&dk;Z dkys kjl eas gqvk Fkk vkSj dkykUrj eas ;g cjklks igq¡phA bl ewfrZys[k dh ,d nwljh fo”k’s k ckr ;g gS fd blds vykok vU; lHkh ewfrZ;kas dh izfr’Bk eyw la?k lsux.k ds izHkko esa gqbZ Fkh] ijUrq ,dek= ;g izfrek eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ds vkEuk; dh gS A • if.Mr okypUnz & Jh fnxEcj tSu vkfnukFk ftuky;] vackg ds la- 1688 QkYxq.k lqfn 8 “kfuokj ¼1631 bZ-½ ds vftrukFk&prqfo±”kfr /kkrq efw rZys[k eas eqxy ckn”kkg “kkgtgk¡ ds “kkludky esa dk’Bkla?k ekFkqjkUo; iq’djx.k yksgkpk;kZUo; ds Hkêkjd “kqHkdhfÙkZ ds vkEuk; eas if.Mr okypna z ds funsZ”ku eas vxzksrd vUo; o Hkkst oa”k ds la?koh vHkSjkt }kjk lifjokj izfr’Bk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2019% 142&143½A • if.Mr oksxhnkl o if.Mr izHkq & Jh fnxEcj tSu N=h efUnj] f”koiqjh eas nhokj eas tM+s la- 1704 dkfÙkZd d`’.k 11 cq/kokj ¼1647 bZ-½ ds ik’kk.kiêys[k eas egkjkt vejflag ds jkT;dky eas dk’Bkla?k ufUnrVxPN fo|kx.k ds Hkêkjd if.Mr ds”kolsu ds iêk/kh”k Hkêkjd if.Mr fo”odhfÙkZ ds xq#HkkbZ vkpk;Z jktpUnz] czãpkjh inz hi] czãpkjh xq.kekj] czãpkfj.kh euksgckbZ]

44 | vkbZ.,l.t.s ,l&VªkatSDlUl] o’kZ&5] vad&3] tqykÃ&flracj] 2021 HkkbZ y{eh] if.Mr oksxhnkl] if.Mr izHkq dh mifLFkfr eas ckbZ “kkuheh }kjk fuekZ.k djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tuS 2018c% 310&311½A • if.Mr L;key o if.Mr euksgj & Jh pna zizHk fnxEcj tSu efUnj ¼Ø- 14½] flukoy ds ala- 1706 oS”kk[k lqfn 7 lkes okj ¼1649 bZ-½ ds fl)pØ ;a=ys[k eas ewyla?k ds Hkêkjd iùdhfÙkZ ds mins”k ij ikSjikV vUo; ds lk/kq Jhiky dh iRuh f’kekrs h ,oa muds ik¡p iq=kas lk/kq Hkkors] Hkhelsfu] lqnkek] L;key o euksgj eas ls if.Mr L;key o if.Mr eukgs j }kjk lnSo iz.kke&fuosnu dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018v% 73&74½A • if.Mr rstk & Jh fnxEcj tSu [k.Msyoky efUnj] tudxat] y”dj ds la- 1710 ekg lqfn 5 “kqØokj ¼1653 bZ-½ ds fl)pØ ;a=y[s k eas ewyla?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN dqUndqUnkpk;kZUo; ds Hkêkjd ujsUndz hfÙkZ ds vkEuk; eas if.Mr rstk ds mins”k ij [k.Msyoky lk/kq “kEHkw o ladjns }kjk fl);a= dh izfr’Bk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018% 278½A • if.Mr fl’kkjh & Jh ik”ouZ kFk fnxEcj tSu [k.Msyoky iapk;rh u;k efUnj] nkukvksyh] y”dj ds la- 1722 vxgu lqfn 1 lkseokj ¼1665 bZ-½ ds ;a=ys[k eas eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN dqUndqUnkpk;kZUo; ds Hkêkjd fo”oHkw’k.k ds vkEuk; eas xkys flaxkj vUo; ds la?koh ‘kk’s ks }kjk lifjokj izfr’Bk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gSA bl ys[k dks if.Mr fl’kkjh us fy[kk Fkk ¼flga ,oa tuS 2018% 281&282½A fl’kkjh dk mYys[k Jh ik”oZukFk fnxEcj tSu efUnj] lksuh ds la- 1723 vk’kk<+ ofn 1 xq#okj ¼1666 bZ-½ ds nks ;a=ys[kksa eas Hkh feyrk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2017% 199&200½A ijUrq ;gk¡ muds uke ds lkFk if.Mr ugha tqM+k gqvk gS] dsoy ys[kd ds :i eas o.kZu gS A • if.Mr xjhonkl & l-a 1724 T;s’B ofn 12 xq#okj ¼1667 bZ-½ ds efUnj Jh ukxksfj;ku] nkukvksyh] y”dj rFkk Jh “kkfUrukFk fnxEcj tuS efUnj] tSuckM+k] fHk.M ds nks ;a=ys[kksa esa eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN dqUndqUnkpk;kUZ o; ds Hkêkjd fo”oHkw’k.k ds vkEuk; eas la?koh Hkxoar }kjk lifjokj izfr’Bk djokus ,oa ys[kd ds :i eas if.Mr xjhonkl dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018% 283] 2017% 205½A • if.Mr tSjkt & Jh fnxEcj tuS vfr”k; {k=s ] cjklks eas tSu efUnj ds ihNs Vhys ij fLFkr la- 1724 vk’kk<+ lqfn 2 cq/kokj ¼1667 bZ-½ ds tSu Nrjhys[k esa xkys kykjs vUo; ds lk/kq ouhd ,oa muds ifjokjtukas }kjk ojklkS eas izfr’Bk djokus rFkk if.Mr tSjkt dk ys[kd ds :i eas mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2017% 203&204½A • if.Mr fxfj/kj & Jh ik”ouZ kFk fnxEcj tSu efUnj ¼chliaFk½] “;kis qj ds la- 1741 Hkknz lqfn 15 ¼1684 bZ-½ ds lE;d~Kku ;a=ys[k eas eyw la?k uU|kEuk; ds Hkêkjd txr~dhfÙkZ ds vkEuk; eas lkoMk xk=s ds lkg lksuik }kjk izfr’Bk djokus rFkk if.Mr fxfj/kj }kjk ys[ku dk;Z dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2019% 149½A • if.Mr okypUnz o if.Mr oHkrq & Jh fnxEcj tSu efUnj] cgs V ds la- 1755 QkYxq.k “kqDy 2 lkseokj ¼1698 bZ½ ds lE;d~Kku ;a=ys[k eas eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN ds Hkêkjd lqjsUnzHkw’k.k ds vkEuk; esa xkys kjkj vUo; ds lk/kq lqtkjh ds iq= lk/kq prqHkZqt }kjk lifjokj ;a= dh izfr’Bk djokus rFkk ys[kd ds :i esa if.Mr okypna z dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018% 292½A if.Mr okypUnz dk mYys[k Jh eugjnso “kkfa rukFk fnxEcj tuS efUnj ¼Ø- 8½] flukoy ds la- 1884 ¼1827 bZ-½ ds f=rhFkhZ /kkrq efw rZys[k eas Hkh gqvk gSA bl ys[k esa eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k

Xokfy;j {ks= ds tSu vfHkys[kksa eas if.Mr&çfr’Bkpk;Z leqnk; | 45 ljLorhxPN ds xkis kpyiê ds Hkêkjd lqjsUnzHkw’k.k ds f”k’; if.Mr okypUnz] muds f”k’; if.Mr Hkxokunkl ,oa muds f”k’; if.Mr oHkrq }kjk izfr’Bk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018v% 132½A bu ys[kkas ls xq#&f”k’; ijEijk dh v/kkfs yf[kr rhu ihf<+;ksa dk laKku gkrs k gS & if.Mr okypUnz ¼la- 1755½ A if.Mr Hkxokunkl A if.Mr oHkrq ¼la- 1884½ • if.Mr gjnkl & Jh ik”ouZ kFk fnxEcj tSu efUnj] u;k[ksM+k ds frfFkfoghu ¼yxHkx 17oha “krh bZ-½ /kkrq ;a=ys[k eas vkpk;Z jkedhfÙkZ ds f”k’; if.Mr gjnkl }kjk lnSo i.z kke&fuons u dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018v% 221½A • if.Mr j?kqukFk] if.Mr fdlksjnkl o if.Mr rstiky & Jh ik”ouZ kFk fnxEcj tSu efUnj] ekS ds l-a 1763 ekg ofn 3 jfookj ¼1706 bZ-½ ds /kkrq ;a=ys[k eas dk’Bkla?k ekFkqjkUo; iq’djx.k ds Hkêkjd deydhfÙkZ ds f”k’; czãpkjh Kkulkxj ds vkEuk; eas fQjkts kckn ¼m-iz-½ ds ‘kjkSok tkfr ds if.Mr j?kqukFk ds iq=kas if.Mr fdlksjnkl o if.Mr rstiky dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2017% 217&218½A • if.Mr d`ikjke & Jh fnxEcj tuS chliaFkh efUnj] nkukvksyh] y”dj ds nks( Jh ik”oZukFk fnxEcj tSu [k.Msyoky iapk;rh u;k efUnj] nkukvksyh] y”dj ds ,d rFkk Jh fnxEcj tSu efUnj] cgs V ds ,d l-a 1772 QkYxq.k d`’.k 11 c/q kokj ¼1715 bZ-½ ds leku frfFk;qDr pkj fofHké ;a=ys[kksa esa eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN ds Hkêkjd ljq sUnzHk’w k.k ds vkEuk; eas if.Mr d`ikjke ds mins”k ij xksykjkj vUo; o [kjkSok oa”k ds lk/kq uUnjke }kjk lifjokj izfr’Bk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018% 294&297½A Jh fnxEcj tSu efUnj] cM+k cktkj] xkgs n ds la- 1772 QkYxq.k d`’.k 11 cq/kokj ¼1715 bZ-½ ds nks ;a=ys[kkas rFkk Jh ik”oZukFk fnxEcj tSu efa nj] ekS ds ,d ;a=ys[k eas leku:i.s k eyw la?k oykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN dqUndqUnkpk;kZUo; ds Hkêkjd lqjUs nzHk’w k.k ds vkEuk; eas if.Mr d`ikjke ds mins”k ij xkys kjkj vUo;] ‘kjkSvk oa”k o dqfÙk;Z k xk=s ds lk/kq uUnjke }kjk lifjokj izfr’Bk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2017% 218&219] 224½A Jh fnxEcj tSu efUnj] cjgn ds la- 1772 QkYxq.k d`’.k 11 cq/kokj ¼1715 bZ-½ ds nks fofo/k ;a=ys[kkas esa ewyla?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN ds Hkêkjd lqjUs nzHkw’k.k ds vkEuk; eas if.Mr d`ikjke ds mins”k ij xkys kjkj vUo; o pkS/kjh xk=s ds pkS/kjh Kkulkg }kjk lifjokj izfr’Bk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2017% 220&221½A • if.Mr Hkhelus & Jh fnxEcj tuS chliaFkh efUnj] nkukvksyh] y”dj ds la- 1798 ek?k ofn 1 jfookj ¼1741 bZ½ ds ;a=ys[k esa ewyla?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN ds Hkêkjd lqjsUnzdhfÙkZ ds f”k’; if.Mr Hkhelsu }kjk iz.kke&fuons u djus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018% 298&299½A • if.Mr pUnu & Jh fnxEcj tuS efUnj] vVsj ds la- 1799 QkYxq.k lqfn 7 ¼1742 bZ-½ ds ;a=ys[k eas eyw la?k ds Hkêkjd nsosUnzHkw’k.k ds vkEuk; eas ‘kjkSok tkfr o lf’k xk=s ds if.Mr pUnu ,oa ifjokjtuksa }kjk izfr’Bk gksus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2017% 226&227½A

46 | vkbZ.,l.ts.,l&VªkatSDlUl] o’kZ&5] vad&3] tqykÃ&flracj] 2021 • if.Mr okyd’kus & Jh fnxEcj tSu usfeukFk efUnj ¼Ø- 46½] lksukfxj ds la- 1812 ek?k lqfn 5 xq#okj ¼1755 bZ-½ ds ik’kk.k LrEHkys[k esa ewyla?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN dqUndqUnkpk;kZUo; ds Hkêkjd if.Mr lqjUs ndz hfÙkZ ds f”k’; if.Mr okyd”kus }kjk floukfxfj ¼vk/kqfud lksukfxj½ eas ftupSR;ky; dk fuekZ.k djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018v% 84&85½A bl ys[k esa Hkêkjd lqjsUnzdhfÙkZ dks Hkh if.Mr dgk x;k gSA • if.Mr ijelq[k ,oa if.Mr HkkxhjFk & yxHkx 18oh&a 19oha “krh bZ- ds fnxEcj tuS if.Mr leqnk; esa if.Mr ijel[q k ,oa if.Mr HkkxhjFk dh tkMs +h vR;Ur egÙoiw.kZ jgh gSA izk;% vfHkys[kh; mnkgj.kkas esa bu nkus ksa if.Mr}; dk lkFk&lkFk gh mYys[k feyrk gSA vfHkys[kksa ls Kkr gksrk gS fd ;s nksukas eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN ds xkis kpyiê ds vUrxrZ lksukfxj eas izHkkojr jgs Fks vkSj buds mins”k ij ogk¡ vusd efUnj ,oa efw rZ;kas dk fuekZ.k gqvk FkkA lkFk gh ;g Hkh Li’V gksrk fn[krk gS fd ;s nkus ksa xkis kpyiê ds Hkêkjd lqjUs nzHk’w k.k ds vUrxZr lksukfxj ds e.Mykpk;Z fot;dhfÙkZ ds izeq[k f”k’; FksA l-a 1884 QkYxq.k lqfn 2 jfookj ¼1827 bZ-½ dks lksukfxj esa vk;kfs tr iapdY;k.kd izfr’Bk egkRs lo bUgha nkus kas if.Mrtuksa ds mins”k o funsZ”ku esa gqvk Fkk ¼tSu] uouhr dqekj 2020c% 9&14½A Jh fnxEcj tSu chlaiFkh dkap efUnj ¼Ø- 15½] flukoy ds l-a 1825 ekxZ ofn 5 lkseokj ¼1768 bZ-½ ds pUnzizHk /kkrq ewfrZys[k eas eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN dqUndqUnkpk;kZUo; ds Hkêkjd ftuUs nzHkw’k.k ds f”k’; if.Mr ijelq[k ds funsZ”ku eas bZ{okdq oa”k o dkSf{kYy xk=s ds lk/kq jkejru o muds pkj iq=kas gfjflag] Hkokuhnkl] tloar o yhyx, }kjk lksukfxj eas pSR; ,oa izfrek dh izfr’Bk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018v% 86&87½A flukoy ds gh Jh 108 Hkêkjd pUnzHk’w k.k egkjkt dkBs h dh nhokj esa tM+s la- 1868 ek?k lqfn 5 ¼1811 bZ-½ ds ik’kk.kiêys[k eas egkjktkf/kjkt ikjhNr ds jkT;dky eas eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN dqUndqUnkpk;kZUo; ds Hkêkjd lqjsUnzHkw’k.k ds vkEuk; eas e.Mykpk;Z fot;dhfÙkZ }kjk efUnj dk iquZfuekZ.k ,oa muds f”k’;kas if.Mr ijelq[k] if.Mr HkkxhjFk] if.Mr ghjkuUn o if.Mr e?s kjkt dk efUnj dh lsok esa jr jgus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018v% 110&111½A Jh fnxEcj tSu vkfnukFk efUnj ¼Ø- 34½] lksukfxj dh nhokj eas tM+s la- 1873 ek?k lqfn 6 xq#okj ¼1816 bZ-½ ds ik’kk.kiêys[k eas nyhiuxj ds egkjktkf/kjkt jkojktk ikjhNr ds jkT;dky eas eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN ds xkis kpyiê ds e.Mykpk;Z fot;dhfÙkZ ds f”k’;kas if.Mr ijelq[k o if.Mr HkkxhjFk ds mins”k ij fla?kbZ oqyk[khnkl }kjk ifjokjtuksa lfgr izfr’Bk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018v% 114&115½A Jh fnxEcj tuS pUnzizHk efUnj ¼Ø- 57½] lksukfxj ds la- 1883 QkYxq.k lqfn 13 ¼1826 bZ-½ ds pUnzizHk ik’kk.kiêys[k esa Jh fot;dhfÙkZ ds f”k’;kas if.Mr ijelq[k o if.Mr HkkxhjFk dh mifLFkfr dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tuS 2018v% 119&120½A la- 1884 QkYxq.k lqfn 2 jfookj ¼1827 bZ-½ ds ykyk xkds qypUnz tSloky fnxEcj tSu efUnj] yksgke.Mh] Xokfy;j ds pUnzizHk ik’kk.k ewfrZys[k rFkk Jh lqik”ouZ kFk fnxEcj tSu efUnj] xkgs n ds lqik”oZukFk ik’kk.k ewfrZys[k eas ewyla?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN dqUndqUnkpk;kZUo; ds xkis kpyiê ds Hkêkjd lqjsUnzHkw’k.k ds vUrxrZ Je.kkpy ¼lksukfxj½ ds vkpk;Z fot;dhfÙkZ ds f”k’; if.Mr ijel’q k o if.Mr HkkxhjFk ds mins”k ij tSloky oa”k o ykgs kfj;k xk=s ds fla?kbZ xkds qypUnz }kjk lnSo iz.kke&fuons u djus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018% 338( 2017% 246&247½A la- 1884 QkYxq.k lqfn 2 jfookj ¼1827 bZ-½ ds Jh fnxEcj tuS ik”oZukFk efUnj ¼Ø- 72½] lksukfxj ds pUnzizHk ik’kk.k efw rZys[k( Jh fnxEcj tuS pUnzizHk efUnj ¼Ø- 76½] lksukfxj ds pUnzizHk] vkfnukFk o egkohj ik’kk.k ewfrZys[kka(s lsB Jh

Xokfy;j {ks= ds tSu vfHkys[kksa eas if.Mr&çfr’Bkpk;Z leqnk; | 47 xkds qypUnz tSloky fnxEcj tSu efUnj ¼Ø- 6½] flukoy ds “kkfUrukFk ik’kk.k efw rZys[k( ykyk xkds qypUnz tSloky fnxEcj tSu efUnj ¼Ø- 7½] flukoy ds nks ik”oZ o nks vkfnukFk ik’kk.k efw rZys[kkas( Jh eugjnso “kkfUrukFk fnxEcj tSu efUnj ¼Ø- 8½] flukoy ds pUnzizHk ik’kk.k efw rZys[k( lsB xqykcpUnz x.k”s khyky nk”s kh fnxEcj tuS efUnj ¼Ø- 10½] flukoy ds ik”oZukFk ik’kk.k efw rZys[k esa ewyla?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN dqUndqUnkpk;kZUo; ds xkis kpyiê ds Hkêkjd ljq sUnzHk’w k.k ds vUrxrZ lksukfxj ds vkpk;Z fot;dhfÙkZ ds f”k’;kas if.Mr ijelq[k o if.Mr HkkxhjFk ds mins”k ij izfr’Bk gksus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018v% 123&134½A Jh fnxEcj tSu usfeukFk efUnj ¼Ø- 43½] lksukfxj ds la- 1890 QkYxq.k lqfn 5 “kqØokj ¼1833 bZ-½ ds cyqvk ik’kk.kiêys[k eas cqUnsyns”k ds nfr;k uxj ds egkjktkf/kjkt ikjhNr ds jkT;dky eas eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN dqUndqUnkpk;kUZ o; ds pUnsjhiê ds Hkêkjd egUs ndz hfÙkZ ,oa lksukfxj ds e.Mykpk;Z fot;dhfÙkZ ds f”k’;kas if.Mr ijel[q k o if.Mr HkkxhjFk ds mins”k ij ijokj tkfr ds pkS/kjh ikjlflag o pkS/kjh I;kjsyky }kjk ifjokjtuksa lfgr fuekZ.k djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tuS 2018v% 139&140½A Jh fnxEcj tSu egkohj efUnj ¼Ø- 77½] lkus kfxj ds fudV fLFkr la- 1890 ekxZ lqfn 5 jfookj ¼1833 bZ-½ ds Nrjhys[k esa ewyla?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN dqUndqUnkpk;kZUo; ds xkis kpyiê ds vUrxZr e.Mykpk;Z fot;dhfÙkZ ds f”k’;kas if.Mr ijelq[k] if.Mr HkkxhjFk] if.Mr ghjkuUn o if.Mr e?s kjkt }kjk LFkkiuk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018v% 140&141½A • if.Mr gfjczã ¼d`’.k½] if.Mr thofujke] if.Mr ges jkt] if.Mr Hkokuhnkl] if.Mr jrupUnz] if.Mr ijekuUn] if.Mr ghjkuUn] if.Mr ous hnkl] if.Mr Hkxorjk;] if.Mr y[kutw] if.Mr mesnjk;] if.Mr :ipUnz] if.Mr jktkjke] if.Mr jkelkxj] if.Mr pks’kpUnz] if.Mr dyq] if.Mr ’kse] if.Mr e?s kjkt] if.Mr okyedqUn] if.Mr /kU;key] if.Mr egkpUnz & yxHkx 18oha&19oha “krh bZ- ds lksukfxj&flukoy ,oa Xokfy;j ds dbZ egÙoiw.kZ vfHkys[kkas eas if.Mr ijel[q k ,oa if.Mr HkkxhjFk ds vykok vPNh la[;k eas vU; vusd if.Mrtu ds ukeksYys[k feyrs gSa vkSj ;s lHkh eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN ds xkis kpyiê ds Hkêkjd ftusUnzHkw’k.k ,oa muds f”k’; egsUnzHk’w k.k ds vUrxZr izHkkojr jgs FksA bl Hkêkjd&ijEijk dh iêkofy;kas ds v/;;u ls Kkr gksrk gS fd eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN ds vErxZr vVsj ”kk[kk ds Hkêkjd flagdhfÙkZ dh ijEijk eas muds izf”k’; Hkêkjd y{ehHkw’k.k ds nks f”k’;kas Hkêkjd ftuUs nzHkw’k.k o Hkêkjd equhUnzHk’w k.k us nks mi”kk[kk,¡ izofrZr dhaA nkus kas gh mi”kk[kkvkas ds Hkêkjdksa us vfHkys[kkas eas vius dks xkis kpyiê dk iêk/kh”k dgk gS vkSj lksukfxj eas bUgksaus vius&vius e.Mykpk;k±s dh fu;qfDr dh FkhA ,ls k cgrq lEHkkfor tku iM+rk gS fd bl Hksn dk izeq[k dkj.k fnxEcjkEuk;h chliaFk ,oa rsjkiaFk fopkj/kkjk,¡ jgha FkhAa bueas Hkêkjd ftusUnzHkw’k.k dh ijEijk chliaFk vkSj Hkêkjd euq hUnzHk’w k.k dh ijEijk rsjkiaFk dh ik’s kd jghA vfHkys[kkas ds vkykds eas if.Mr ijelq[k ,oa if.Mr HkkxhjFk izeq[kr% rsjkiaFk vkSj vU; mijkDs r if.Mrtu chliaFk ds leFkZd irz hr gksrs gSaA bu vfHkys[kkas ls ,slk Hkh tku iM+rk gS fd Hkêkjd y{ehHkw’k.k ds vf/kdk”a k czãpkjh ,oa if.Mrtu f”k’; Hkêkjd ftunsa zHkw’k.k ds i{k/kj jgs FksA Jh fnxEcj tSu chlaiFkh dkap efUnj ¼Ø- 15½] flukoy ds la- 1825 ekxZ ofn 5 lkseokj ¼1768 bZ-½ ds pUnzizHk /kkrq efw rZys[k esa eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN dqUndqUnkpk;kZUo; ds xkis kpyiê ds Hkêkjd lqjsUnzHkw’k.k ds iêk/kh”k Hkêkjd y{ehHkw’k.k ds vUrxrZ czãpkjh fou;lkxj] muds f”k’; cãz pkjh g’kZlkxj] muds xq#HkkbZ if.Mr gfjd`’.k] if.Mr thofujke] if.Mr ges jkt ds vykok czãpkjh vfrlkxj] czãpkjh xq.klkxj] if.Mr Hkokuhnkl] if.Mr

48 | vkbZ.,l.ts.,l&VªkatSDlUl] o’kZ&5] vad&3] tqykÃ&flracj] 2021 jrupUnz] if.Mr ijekuUn] if.Mr ghjkuUn] if.Mr osuhnkl] if.Mr Hkxorjk;] if.Mr y[kutw] if.Mr mesnjk;] if.Mr :ipUnz ,oa if.Mr jktkjke dh mifLFkfr dk mYys[k gqvk gSA blh efUnj ds gh l-a 1825 dkfÙkZd lqfn 15 xq#okj ¼1768 bZ-½ ds cyqvk ik’kk.kiêys[k eas eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN dqUndqUnkpk;kZUo; ds Hkêkjd y{ehHk’w k.k ds iêk/kh”k Hkêkjd ftuUs nzHkw’k.k ds lkfu/; esa if.Mr gfjd`’.k] if.Mr thofujke] if.Mr ges jkt ds vykok if.Mr Hkokuhnkl] if.Mr ghjkuUn] if.Mr Hkxorjk;] if.Mr osuhnkl dh mifLFkfr eas egkjkt “k=qthr ds jkT;dky eas pkS/kjh oa”kh/kj o pkS/kjh jkeflag }kjk lnSo iz.kke&fuosnu dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018v% 87&88½A Jh fnxEcj tSu chliaFkh Hkêkjdth efUnj] lksM+k dk daqvk] Xokfy;j ds la- 1832 Jko.k lqfn 13 ¼1775 bZ-½ ds iapes# /kkrq efw rZys[k esa ewyla?k cykRdkjx.k dqUndqUnkpk;kZUo; ds Hkêkjd fo”oHkw’k.k ds f”k’; czãpkjh fou;lkxj rFkk muds HkkbZ czãpkjh g’kZlkxj] muds xq# if.Mr ges jkt] if.Mr gfjd`’.k¼ozã½] if.Mr thofujke] if.Mr Hkokuhnkl] if.Mr ghjkuUn] if.Mr jkelkxj] if.Mr pks’kpUnz] if.Mr jktkjke] if.Mr Hkxqrq ¼Hkxor~jk;½] if.Mr dyq] if.Mr ‘kse vkfn dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018% 313&314½A blh eafnj ds l-a 1837 ekxZ ofn 3 c/q kokj ¼1780 bZ-½ ds rhu fofo/k eqfulqozr] “kkfUr ,oa egkohj ik’kk.k efw rZys[kkas eas ewyla?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN dqUndqUnkpk;kZUo; ds Hkêkjd fo”oHkw’k.k ds f”k’; czãpkjh fou;lkxj] muds f”k’; czãpkjh g’kZlkxj] muds xq#HkkbZ if.Mr gfjozãthr] if.Mr thofujke] if.Mr ges jkt ds vykok if.Mr Hkokuhnkl dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018% 315&317½A iuq % blh efUnj ds la- 1851 ekxZ ofn 10 lkseokj ¼1794 bZ-½ ds ik’kk.kiêys[k eas Hkêkjd ftusUnzHkw’k.k ds mins”k ij Jhen~xksikpy/kke ¼Xokfy;j½ ds Jh pUnzizHk efUnj esa lqo.kZdy”k dh LFkkiuk dk mYys[k gqvk gSA lkFk gh vfHkys[k esa eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN uU|kEuk; dqUndqUnkpk;kZUo; ds Hkêkjd fo”oHkw’k.k ds f”k’; czãpkjh fou;lkxj] muds f”k’; ;fr czãpkjh g’kZlkxj] muds xq#HkkbZ egku~ if.Mr gfjczãthr] muds f”k’;kas if.Mr thounkl] if.Mr ges jkt o if.Mr Hkokuhnkl dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018% 319&320½A Jh 108 Hkêkjd pUnzHk’w k.k egkjkt dksBh dh nhokj eas tM+s la- 1868 ek?k lqfn 5 ¼1811 bZ-½ ds cyqvk ik’kk.kiêys[k eas egkjktkf/kjkt ikjhNr ds jkT;dky eas eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN dqUndqUnkpk;kZUo; ds Hkêkjd lqjsUnzHkw’k.k ds vkEuk; eas e.Mykpk;Z fot;dhfÙkZ }kjk efa nj dk iquZfuekZ.k ,oa muds f”k’; if.Mr ijelq[k] if.Mr HkkxhjFk] if.Mr ghjkuUn o if.Mr e?s kjkt dk efa nj dh lsok eas jr jgus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018v% 110&111½A Jh fnxEcj tSu chliaFkh dkpa efUnj ¼Ø- 15½] flukoy ds la- 1872 ¼1815 bZ-½ ds nks vkfnukFk o vftrukFk ik’kk.k efw rZys[kksa eas Xokfy;j jkT; ds egkjkt nkSyfrjko flaf/k;k ds jkT;dky eas eyw la?k ds e.Mykpk;Z lqjsna zdhfÙkZ ds mins”k ,oa czãpkjh fou;lkxj] czãpkjh g’kZlkxj o if.Mr thofujke dh mifLFkfr eas t;iqjfuoklh vxzoky xkbs y xk=s ds o`f)pUnz] ekf.kdpUnz o fdlqupUnz }kjk lnSo iz.kke&fuons u dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018v% 112&114½A blh eafnj ds la- 1881 ek?k lqfn 5 ¼1824 bZ-½ ds ik”oZukFk /kkrq efw rZys[k eas eyw la?k ds Hkêkjd egUs nzHk’w k.k ds vkEuk; eas xkis kpy ij izfr’Bk gksus rFkk e.Mykpk;Z nsosna zdhfÙkZ] czãpkjh jrulkxj ,oa if.Mr okyedqUn vkfn }kjk lnSo iz.kke&fuosnu dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018v% 118&119½A buds vykok Jh fnxEcj tSu chliaFkh dkpa efUnj ¼Ø- 15½] flukoy ds la- 1887 QkYxq.k lqfn 5 exa yokj ¼1830 bZ-½ ds cyqvk ik’kk.kiêys[k esa pkj ,fs rgkfld frfFk;kas dk mYys[k feyrk gSA bueas l-a 1819 ¼1762 bZ-½ esa nyhiuxj ds egkjktkf/kjkt jkojktk Jh “k=qthr ds jkT;dky eas

Xokfy;j {ks= ds tSu vfHkys[kksa eas if.Mr&çfr’Bkpk;Z leqnk; | 49 ewyla?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN dqUndqUnkpk;kUZ o; ds Hkêkjd ftusUnzHkw’k.k dh vkKk ls Je.kkpy esa ftu pUnzizHk dks lefiZr efUnj dh uhoa j[kus( la- 1828 ¼1771 bZ-½ eas Hkêkjd ftuUs nzHkw’k.k ds lkfu/; esa xtjFk izfr’Bk egkRs lo gksus vkSj bl volj ij czãpkjh fou;lkxj] czãpkjh g’kZlkxj] if.Mr gfjd`’.k] if.Mr thofujke] if.Mr ges jkt o if.Mr Hkokuhnkl ds mifLFkfr( la- 1881 ¼1824 bZ-½ eas Hkêkjd ftusUnzHkw’k.k ds iêk/kh”k Hkêkjd egUs nzHk’w k.k ds xq#HkkbZ vkpk;Z nsosUnzdhfÙkZ }kjk izklkn dk foLrkj djokus( rFkk la- 1887 QkYxq.k lqfn 5 ¼1830 bZ-½ esa bl ik’kk.kiêys[k dks yxokus rFkk bl volj ij Hkêkjd egUs nzHkw’k.k ds xq#HkkbZ vkpk;Z lqefrdhfÙkZ] vkpk;Z xq.kdhfÙkZ ds vykok czãpkjh {kes lkxj] czãpkjh jRulkxj] czãpkjh n;klkxj] czãpkjh Kkulkxj] czãpkjh /keZlkxj o czãpkjh ekSulkxj] vkpk;Z usfedhfÙkZ] if.Mr okyedqUn] if.Mr /kU;key] if.Mr egkpUnz] if.Mr :ipanz] if.Mr ghjkuUn vkfn dh mifLFkfr dk mYys[k feyrk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018v% 135&137½A Jh fnxecj tSu egkohj efUnj ¼Ø- 77½] lksukfxj ds fudV fLFkr la- 1890 ekxZ lqfn 5 jfookj ¼1833 bZ-½ ds Nrjhys[k eas eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN dqUndqUnkpk;kUZ o; ds xkis kpyiê ds vUrxrZ e.Mykpk;Z fot;dhfÙkZ ds f”k’; if.Mr ijelq[k] if.Mr HkkxhjFk] if.Mr ghjkuUn o if.Mr e?s kjkt }kjk LFkkiuk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018v% 140&141½A • if.Mr HkwipUnz & Jh usfeukFk fnxEcj tSu efUnj] mjokgk ds la- 1834 vk’kk<+ d`’.k 5 cq/kokj ¼1777 bZ-½ ds pj.kN=hys[k esa ewyla?k ds if.Mr Hkiw pUnz }kjk vkpk;Z Jh mnSdhfÙkZ ¼Hksylk&fljkaSt iê½ ds pj.kdey dh izfr’Bk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tuS 2018c% 363&364½A • if.Mr usulq’k o pus lq’k & Jh fnxEcj tSu efUnj] flejh;k Vkadk ds la- 1836 oS”kk[k lqfn 5 cq/kokj ¼1779 bZ-½ ds fl)pØ ;a=ys[k eas ewyla?k oykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN ds Hkêkjd gjsUnzHkw’k.k ds vkEuk; eas if.Mr usulq’k pus lq’k }kjk izfr’Bk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018% 315½A efa nj Jh “khryukFkth ¼Ø- 9½] flukoy ds la- 1836 oS”kk[k lqfn 5 cq/kokj ¼1779 bZ-½ ds n”kyk{kf.kd ;a=ys[k eas ewyla?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN dqUndqUnkpk;kZUo; ds Hkêkjd nsosUnzHkw’k.k ds vkEuk; eas ojgh;k tkfr ds izfr’Bkpk;Z Jh uSulq’k o Jh pSulq’k }kjk flejk;k eas izfr’Bk gksus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018v% 96½A • if.Mr NksVsjke & Jh fnxEcj tSu foeyukFk efUnj ¼Ø- 50½] lksukfxj ds la- 1836 dkfÙkZd lqfn 15 exa yokj ¼1779 bZ-½ ds foeyukFk ik’kk.k efw rZys[k eas ewyla?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN dqUndqUnkpk;kZUo; ds Hkêkjd nsosUnzHk’w k.k ds vkEuk; eas tSloky tkfr ds if.Mr NksVsjke }kjk lifjokj izfr’Bk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018v% 95½A • if.Mr yfNeu & Jh ik”oZukFk fnxEcj tSu cM+k efUnj] ujoj ds la- 1919 Hkknz lqfn 5 ¼1862 bZ-½ ds ik’kk.k LraHkys[k eas eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN dqUndqUnkpk;kZUo; ds xkis kpyiê ds Hkêkjd gfjpUnzHkw’k.k ds f”k’; if.Mr yfNeu }kjk fuekZ.k&dk;Z djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018c% 385½A • if.Mr eksrhjke & Jh fnxEcj tSu efUnj] uf”k;kth] fHk.M ds l-a 1921 QkYxq.k lqfn 1 ¼1864 bZ-½ ds ik”oZukFk /kkrq efw rZys[k eas ewyla?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN dqUndqUnkpk;kZUo; ds xkis kpyiê ds Hkêkjd jktsUnzHk’w k.k ds f”k’; if.Mr eksrhjke }kjk lnSo i.z kke&fuons u dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2017% 257½A Jh fnxEcj tuS chliaFkh dkap efUnj ¼Ø- 15½] flukoy ds la- 1922 QkYxq.k ofn 12 ¼1865 bZ-½ ds lqik”ouZ kFk /kkrq efw rZys[k eas eyw la?k

50 | vkbZ.,l.t.s ,l&VªkatSDlUl] o’kZ&5] vad&3] tqykÃ&flracj] 2021 cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN dqUndqUnkpk;kZUo; ds Hkêkjd jktsUnzHkw’k.k ds f”k’; if.Mr eksrhjke }kjk Je.kkpy esa izfr’Bk gksus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018v% 155&156½A • if.Mr uUgys ky o if.Mr ds- Hkqtcfy “kkL=h & Jh fnxEcj tSu vftrukFk efUnj ¼Ø- 32½] lksukfxj ds ohj fuokZ.k la- 2462 QkYxq.k “kqDy 6 ¼1935 bZ-½ ds vftrukFk rFkk Jh fnxEcj tSu lqefrukFk efUnj ¼Ø- 33½] lksukfxj ds lqefrukFk ik’kk.k efw rZys[kkas esa jktx`g {k=s ij oS|jkt if.Mr uUgsyky o if.Mr ds- Hkqtcfy “kkL=h ds izfr’Bkpk;ZRo eas t;ijq oklh fla?kbZ equhe f”koyky o dUgS;kyky cSjkBh vxzoky }kjk izfr’Bk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018v% 184 o 200½A • if.Mr nqxkZçlkn & l-a 2000 pS= d`’.k 3 lkseokj ¼1943 bZ-½ ds Jh fnxEcj tSu usfeukFk efUnj ¼Ø- 1½] lksukfxj ds ik”oZukFk( Jh fnxEcj tuS pUnzizHk efUnj ¼Ø- 57½] lksukfxj ds lEeq[k ekuLrEHk( Jh fnxEcj tSu pUnzizHk efUnj ¼Ø- 20½] lksukfxj ds pUnzizHk( Jh fnxEcj tSu ik”oZukFk efUnj ¼Ø- 23½] lksukfxj ds ik”oZukFk( efUnj Jh Nhrjey fnxEcj tuS tSloky ¼Ø- 16½] flukoy ds pUnzizHk( Jh pUnzizHk fnxEcj tuS efUnj ¼Ø- 14½] flukoy ds ik”oZukFk ewfrZys[kkas esa x`gLFkkpk;Z if.Mr nqxkZizlkn ds izfr’Bkpk;ZRo eas xkys fla?kkj vUo; ds gqOoyky }kjk izfr’Bk djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tSu 2018v% 205&211½A Jh pUnzizHk fnxEcj tuS efUnj] f”koijq h ds la- 2000 pS= d`’.k 3 lkseokj ¼1943 bZ-½ ds pj.k;qxyys[k eas lksukfxj eas xkys fl?a kkjs gqOoyky ds izfr’Bk egksRlo eas if.Mr nqxkZizlkn ds izfr’Bkpk;ZRo esa cnzhizlkn }kjk LoxhZ; eFkqjkckbZ ds Le`fr eas fuekZ.k djokus dk mYys[k gqvk gS ¼flag ,oa tuS 2018c% 405&406½A bl izdkj ge ns[krs gS fd Xokfy;j {ks= ds vusd fnxEcj tSu vfHkys[kkas ls yxHkx 12oh&a 13oha “krh bZ- ls ysdj vk/kqfuddky rd ds djhc 125 if.Mr&izfr’Bkpk;ks± dh tkudkjh feyrh gS vkSj bueas Hkh if.Mrkas dh la[;k vf/kd gSA if.Mr&izfr’Bkpk;Z leqnk; eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k] lsux.k ,oa dk’Bkla?kh; lHkh Hkêkjd ijEijkvksa ds vUrxZr fo|eku jgs FksA vf/kdk”a k if.Mr ,oa izfr’Bkpk;ks± us fofHké vkpk;ks±&Hkêkjdkas ds vUrxrZ izfr’Bk,¡ djokbZ gSaA bl lkj.kh eas Hkêkjdksa dh “kk[kk ,oa mi”kk[kk lEcU/kh fooj.kkas dks Hkh ;FkkLFkku fu:fir fd;k x;k gSA lkj.kh }kjk bl leqnk; dh ,fs rgkfld mifLFkfr dks ljyrkiwoZd le>k tk ldrk gSA lkj.kh eas vafdr frfFk;kas ls muds dk;dZ ky dk Hkh vuqeku gksrk gSA bl lkj.kh eas pSr o ipjkbZ ds vfHkys[kksa eas mfYyf[kr if.Mr ,oa if.Mrkpk;k±s dks ugha j[kk gS D;ksafd os vius vki eas ,d laLFkkxr lk/kq&ijEijk dks bafxr djrs gSa A Ø- if.Mr@ izfr’Bkpk;Z LFkku@frfFk ¼la-½ o'a k@tkfr ijEijk vkpk;Z@Hkêkjd 1- if.Mr oko.k ipjkbZ 1213 xksykjkM & & 2- if.Mr ly’k.k vek;u 1318 ikSjikV & & 3- if.Mr “kEHkq lksukfxj 1340 & eyw la?k & 4- if.Mr jru] ‘ksrk o nk;k fHk.M 1402 ukx}g eyw la?k ¼mÙkj “kk[kk½ Hkêkjd iùufUn 5- izfr’Bkpk;Z izrkipUnz Åejh 1413 & eyw la?k & 6- if.Mr gyk y”dj 1458 b{okdq oa”k] eyw la?k ¼mÙkj “kk[kk½ Hkêkjd iùufUn xksykjkM tkfr if.Mr ukynso o Xokfy;j 1473 & dk’Bkla?k ekFkqjkUo; Hkêkjd xq.kdhfÙkZ] 7- if.Mrkpk;Z xkslfo iq’djx.k ¼m)jlus f”k’; ;”k%dhfÙkZ ijEijk½

Xokfy;j {ks= ds tSu vfHkys[kksa eas if.Mr&çfr’Bkpk;Z leqnk; | 51 8- izfr’Bkpk;Z if.Mr ekyw o vackg 1475 & dk’Bkla?k ¼m)jlus Hkêkjd xq.kdhfÙkZ if.Mr xksifr & ijEijk½ & dk’Bkla?k ekFkqjkUo; Hkêkjd gsedhfÙkZ 9- if.Mr okVw iksgjh 1477 ¼fot;lsu ijEijk½ y”dj 1478 eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k Hkêkjd lglzdhfÙkZ ljLorhxPN ¼vVjs ¼e.Mykpk;Z½ if.Mr l#ejk] ifz r’Bkpk;Z cjgh 1491 “kk[kk½ dk’Bkla?k & 10- if.Mr rkjs o fl;k dk’Bkla?k ekFkqjkUo; vkpk;Z dqekjlus 11- if.Mr ,sdnos ] if.Mr y”dj 1496 & iq’djx.k ¼fot;lsu fnãkozt ¼ys[kd½ ujoj 1497 ijEijk½ Hkêkjd xq.kdhfÙkZ vxzksrd vUo; o dk’Bkla?k ekFkqjkUo; if.Mr xqjnkl xxZ xks= iq’djx.k ¼m)jlsu Hkêkjd ftupUnz ijEijk½ 12- eyw la?k oykRdkjx.k Hkêkjd;”k%dhfÙkZ ljLorhxPN 1497 ¼m)jlsu izfr’Bkpk;Z ufepUnz Xokfy;j 1497 & ¼fnYyh&t;iqj “kk[kk½ ijEijk½ 13- dk’Bkla?k ekFkqjkUo; Hkêkjd deydhfÙkZ iq’djx.k 1509] 1510 if.Mr vkuUnk ¼y[s kd½ vVjs 1498 & ¼fot;lsu ijEijk½ 14- eyw la?k Hkêkjd xq.kHknz eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k 1510 ¼m)jlsu if.Mr if.Mrkpk;Z Xokfy;j nqxZ 1497] & ljLorhxPN ijEijk½ izfr’Bkpk;Z jS/kw 1510] 1510] 1525] ¼fnYyh&t;iqj “kk[kk½ Hkêkjd “kqHkpUnz 1525] 1525] 1530 eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k 1525] 1529&30 djfg;k 1509 ljLorhxPN ¼fot;lsu ijEijk½ vVjs 1529&30 ¼fnYyh&t;iqj “kk[kk½ Hkêkjd ;”k%lsu eyw la?k ¼fnYyh&t;iqj 1525 15- “kk[kk½ e.Mykpk;Z dk’Bkla?k ekFkqjkUo; dhfÙkZpUnz 1530 16- izfr’Bkpk;Z ft.knkl eqjSuk 1511 & iq’djx.k ¼fot;lsu ijEijk½ dk’Bkla?k ekFkqjkUo; & if.Mr x.kifr Xokfy;j nqxZ 1514 [k.Msyoky iq’djx.k ¼fot;lsu Hkêkjd ftupUnz 17- ijEijk½ & Hkêkjd ftupUnz if.Mr Å/kj.k Xokfy;j nqxZ 1514 tSloky ewyla?k cykRdkjx.k 18- ljLorhxPN ¼vVjs Hkêkjd ftupUnz “kk[kk½ 19- if.Mr y’kk o if.Mr ouk y”dj 1514 ikSjikV vkpk;Z izrkipUnz & 20- if.Mr djepUnz ujoj 1517 tS”k oa”k Hkêkjd deydhfÙkZ if.Mr oh?kw exjkSuh 1519 & 21- Hkêkjd flagdhfÙkZ 22- if.Mr lSukejbZik ¼y[s kd½ Xokfy;j nqxZ 1523 & & if.Mr gfjiky ikjlsu 1524 23- Xokfy;j nqxZ 1525

52 | vkbZ.,l.t.s ,l&VªkatSDlUl] o’kZ&5] vad&3] tqykÃ&flracj] 2021 if.Mr ukx.k exjkSuh 1525 & eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k Hkêkjd flagdhfÙkZ 24- ljLorhxPN ¼vVjs “kk[kk½ Hkêkjd “kqHkpUnz 25- if.Mr irs o if.Mr Xokfy;j nqxZ 1525 iùkorhiqjokj dk’Bkla?k ¼fot;lsu ir)s eZ ijEijk½ Hkêkjd “kqHkpUnz Xokfy;j nqxZ 1525 ikSjikV dk’Bkla?k ekFkqjkUo; 1525 ¼fot;lsu if.Mr ?kkVe ¼y[s kd o vackg 1531 iq’djx.k ijEijk½ Hkêkjd xq.kHknz lq=/kkj½ eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k 1531 ¼m)jlsu ljLorhxPN ¼vVjs ijEijk½ 26- “kk[kk½ Hkêkjd flagdhfÙkZ eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k if.Mr fFk# Xokfy;j nqxZ 1527 tSloky ljLorhxPN ¼vVjs Hkêkjd flagdhfÙkZ o 27- “kk[kk½ e.Mykpk;Z xksgn 1527 & f=Hkoq udhfÙkZ if.Mr fotSlhy eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ¼pUnjs hiê½ 28- “;ksiqj 1532] 1539 ljLorhxPN ¼vVjs Hkêkjd flagdhfÙkZ o “kk[kk½ e.Mykpk;Z if.Mr ujifr Xokfy;j 1549 eyw la?k ¼lwjr “kk[kk½ f=HkqoudhfÙkZ 29- eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k vkpk;Z fo|kufUn “;ksiqj 1532 & ljLorhxPN ¼vVjs Hkêkjd flagdhfÙkZ 30- if.Mr eflZ; “kk[kk½ if.Mr oy ¼ys[kd½ Xokfy;j 1529 & eyw l?a k ¼bZMj “kk[kk½ Hkêkjd HkqoudhfÙkZ o iksgjh 1533 & vkpk;Z /keZdhfÙkZ 31- eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k Hkêkjd flagdhfÙkZ exjkSuh 1534 & ljLorhxPN ¼vVjs 32- if.Mr yk’kk vVjs 1535 & “kk[kk½ e.Mykpk;Z if.Mr g;k eyw la?k ¼vVjs “kk[kk½ f=Hkoq udhfÙkZ ujoj 1538 ikSjikV Hkêkjd flagdhfÙkZ 33- & eyw la?k ¼vVjs “kk[k½ & vkeh 1554 & & 34- if.Mr fHk;k Xokfy;j nqxZ 35- if.Mr nheu yxHkx 15oha “krh & && bZ- if.Mr fyi.kq Xokfy;j nqxZ & && 36- yxHkx 15oha “krh bZ- & eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k Hkêkjd flagdhfÙkZ if.Mr lrkseq] if.Mr Xokfy;j nqxZ ljLorhxPN ¼vVjs 37- ;q/kij o if.Mr elhdkS yxHkx 15oha “krh “kk[kk½ Hkêkjd flagdhfÙkZ bZ- eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ¼y[s kd½ vVjs 1573] 1577 ljLorhxPN ¼vVjs Hkêkjd fot;lus o if.Mr Jhpanz “kk[kk½ vkpk;Z flaglsu 38- vVjs 1574 & Hkêkjd flagdhfÙkZ dk’Bkla?k ¼fot;lsu ikaMs jklw?k “;ksiqj 1575 & ijEijk½ 39- cjklks 1580 eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN ¼vVjs if.Mr m’knso “kk[kk½ 40- 41- if.Mrkpk;Z l/kkj.k czãpkjh if.Mr neks 42-

Xokfy;j {ks= ds tSu vfHkys[kksa eas if.Mr&çfr’Bkpk;Z leqnk; | 53 if.Mr Hkkuq “kEeZ.k djSjk 1585 & eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k Hkêkjd ftupUnz 43- ljLorhxPN ¼fnYyh&t;iqj “kk[kk½ Hkêkjd flagdhfÙkZ if.Mr mns iksjlk 1592 & eyw l?a k cykRdkjx.k 44- ljLorhxPN ¼vVjs vkpk;Z lglzdhfÙkZ “kk[kk½ if.Mr fnoku iksgjh 1600 & eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k & 45- y”dj 1677 ljLorhxPN ¼vVjs Hkêkjd /kEeZdhfÙkZ “kk[kk½ 46- if.Mr n;kjke xksgn 1603 & & Hkêkjd /kEeZdhfÙkZ cjgn 1604 xksykjkM eyw la?k Hkêkjd tllsu 47- if.Mr der o if.Mr 1672 uhde eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN & if.Mr /kus”oj o if.Mr lqekoyh 1604 & dk’Bkla?k ekFkqjkUo; eqjSuk 1604 & iq’djx.k & 48- _’kHknkl ¼y[s kd½ ujoj 1604 & Hkêkjd dqekjlsu ekS 1672 49- if.Mr Bkdqj o if.Mr eyw la?k Hkêkjd;”k%lsu 1649 ‘kjgB Xokfy;j nqxZ 1630 dk’Bkla?k ekFkqjkUo; Hkêkjd fot;lsu iq’djx.k ¼fot;lsu 1663 50- if.Mr izrki ujoj 1637 & ijEijk½ Hkêkjd dqekjlsu fHk.M 1642 tSloky dk’Bkla?k ekFkqjkUo; 1666 if.Mr ts’VeYy iq’djx.k ¼fot;lsu & ijEijk½ & 51- Hkêkjd f=ninwdhfÙkZ & if.Mr jk?ko djfg;k 1649 & e.Mykpk;Z Xokfy;j 1663 & ujsUnzdhfÙkZ 52- ekS 1666 Hkêkjd txö’w k.k eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k 53- if.Mr uls?ks Xokfy;j 1658 & ljLorhxPN Hkêkjd ekfudlsu 54- if.Mr y”ku cj/kqok¡ 1658 & eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k 55- if.Mr ewynkl flukoy 1664 & ljLorhxPN & eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k 56- ikMs lgley iksgjh 1667 & ljLorhxPN ¼vVjs & “kk[kk½ if.Mr fxjkSnkl vVjs 1675 eyw la?k lsux.k 57- & iq’djx.k & o`’kHklsux.k/kjkUo; if.Mr dkejkt] 1680] dksykjl 1680] ikSjikV 1695] 1712] 1717 & 1695] 1703] 1712] 1717 cjklks 1703 if.Mr vt;jkt 1680 58- if.Mr lqUnjnkl 1712 if.Mr ukjk;.knkl 1680 if.Mr lq[knso 1680] 1712] 1717 59- if.Mr okypUnz vackg 1688 dk’Bkla?k ekFkqjkUo; Hkêkjd “kqHkdhfÙkZ iq’djx.k Hkêkjd fo”odhfÙkZ 60- if.Mr oksxhnkl o if.Mr f”koiqjh 1704 Hkêkjd iùdhfÙkZ izHkq dk’Bkla?k ufUnrVxPN fo|kx.k 61- if.Mr L;key o if.Mr flukoy 1706 euksgj eyw la?k 62- if.Mr rts k y”dj 1710 eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k Hkêkjd ujsUnzdhfÙkZ ljLorhxPN

54 | vkbZ.,l.ts.,l&VªkatSDlUl] o’kZ&5] vad&3] tqykÃ&flracj] 2021 if.Mr fl’kkjh ¼ys[kd½ y”dj 1722 & eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k Hkêkjd fo”oHkw’k.k 63- lksuh 1723 ljLorhxPN ¼vVjs “kk[kk½ Hkêkjd fo”oHkw’k.k if.Mr xjhonkl ¼ys[kd½ y”dj 1724 & 64- fHk.M 1724 eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k & ljLorhxPN ¼vVjs Hkêkjd txr~dhfÙkZ 65- if.Mr tSjkt cjklks 1724 & “kk[kk½ Hkêkjd lqjsUnzHkw’k.k 66- if.Mr fxfj/kj ¼ys[kd½ “;ksiqj 1741 & vkpk;Z jkedhfÙkZ & 67- if.Mr okypUnz] if.Mr csgV 1755] flukoy & oHkrq ¼y[s kd½ 1884 eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN u;k[ksM+k 17oha “krh & bZ- eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN if.Mr gjnkl 68- if.Mr j?kqukFk] if.Mr ekS 1763 ‘kjkSok dk’Bkla?k ekFkqjkUo; Hkêkjd deydhfÙkZ 69- fdlkjs nkl o if.Mr iq’djx.k rts iky y”dj] csgV] xksgn] & eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k Hkêkjd lqjsUnzHkw’k.k ekS] cjgn 1772 ljLorhxPN ¼vVjs if.Mr d`ikjke “kk[kk½ Hkêkjd lqjsUnzdhfÙkZ 70- eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN ¼lkus kfxj½ Hkêkjd nos sUnzHkw’k.k 71- if.Mr Hkhelsu y”dj & eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ljLorhxPN ¼vVjs Hkêkjd lqjsUnzdhfÙkZ if.Mr pUnu vVjs 1799 ‘kjkSok tkfr o “kk[kk½ 72- lf’k xks= eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k Hkêkjd ftusUnzHkw’k.k ljLorhxPN ¼lkus kfxj½ 1825 73- if.Mr okyd”ksu lksukfxj 1812 & eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k Hkêkjd lqjsUnzHkw’k.k] ljLorhxPN e.Mykpk;Z if.Mr ijelq[k 1825] flukoy&lksukfxj & ¼xksikpyiê½ fot;dhfÙkZ 1868] 1868] 1873] 1883] 1884] 1825] 1868] 1873] 1873] 1884] 1890 1890 1883] 1884] 1890 eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ¼lksukfxj½ 74- if.Mr HkkxhjFk 1868] Xokfy;j] xksgn] ljLorhxPN Hkêkjd ftusUnzHkw’k.k 1873] 1883] 1884] 1890 1884 ¼xksikpyiê½ 1825] 1828] 1832 Hkêkjd lqjsUnzHk’w k.k] if.Mr gfjczã¼d`’.k½thr flukoy&lksukfxj & e.Mykpk;Z 1825] 1828] 1832] 1837] 1825] 1828 1868] fot;dhfÙkZ 1868] 1851 1872] 1881] 1887] 1872] 1890 if.Mr thofujke 1825] 1890 ¼lksukfxj½ 1828] 1832] 1837] 1851] Xokfy;j 1832] Hkêkjd egsUnzHkw’k.k] 1872 1837] 1851 e.Mykpk;Z if.Mr gsejkt 1825] nos nsa zdhfÙkZ 1881] 1828] 1832] 1837] 1851 1887 ¼lkus kfxj½ if.Mr Hkokuhnkl 1825] 1828] 1832] 1837] 1851 75- if.Mr jrupUnz 1825 if.Mr ijekuUn 1825 if.Mr ghjkuUn 1825] 1832] 1868] 1887] 1890 if.Mr osuhnkl 1825 if.Mr Hkxorjk; 1825] 1832 if.Mr y[kutw 1825 if.Mr mesnjk; 1825 if.Mr:ipUnz 1825] 1887 if.Mr jktkjke 1825]

Xokfy;j {ks= ds tSu vfHkys[kksa eas if.Mr&çfr’Bkpk;Z leqnk; | 55 1832 if.Mr jkelkxj 1832 if.Mr pks’kpUnz 1832 if.Mr dyq 1832 if.Mr ‘kse 1832 if.Mr e?s kjkt 1868] 1890 if.Mr okyedqUn] 1881] 1887 if.Mr /kU;key 1887 if.Mr egkpUnz 1887 if.Mr Hkwipanz mjokgk 1834 & eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k & ljLorhxPN 76- ¼Hksylk&fljkSat iê½ Hkêkjd gjsUnzHkw’k.k eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k Hkêkjd nos sUnzHkw’k.k if.Mr uus lq[k o psulq[k flejh;k Vkadk] ojfg;k ljLorhxPN Hkêkjd nos sUnzHkw’k.k 77- flukoy 1836 ¼xksikpyiê½ eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k Hkêkjd gfjpUnzHkw’k.k if.Mr NksVsjke lksukfxj 1836 tSloky ljLorhxPN 78- ¼xksikpyiê½ Hkêkjd jktsUnzHkw’k.k eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k if.Mr yfNeu ujoj 1919 & ljLorhxPN & 79- ¼xksikpyiê½ & eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k if.Mr eksrhjke fHk.M 1921 & ljLorhxPN 80- flukoy 1922 ¼xksikpyiê½ eyw la?k 81- if.Mr uUgsyky o if.Mr lksukfxj ohj fuokZ.k & ds- Hkqtcfy “kkL=h l-a 2462 eyw la?k 82- x`gLFkkpk;Z if.Mr flukoy&lksukfxj] & nqxkZizlkn f”koiqjh 2000 Milagkj mijkDs r lkj.kh ls lgt gh vuqeku yxk;k tk ldrk gS fd Xokfy;j {k=s eas fo”ks’kdj eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ,oa mldh “kk[kkvksa o mi”kk[kkvksa ds vUrxrZ if.Mr&izfr’Bkpk;Z lenq k; dks fo”ks’k izksRlkgu feyk Fkk] gkykfa d dk’Bkla?k ds if.Mr&izfr’Bkpk;Z leqnk; dks Hkh derj ugha vkda k tk ldrk gSA eksVs rkSj ij ns[kk tk, rks yxHkx 13oh&a 14oha “krh bZ- eas gh eyw la?k ds Hkêkjd iùuafn rFkk dk’Bkla?k ds Hkêkjd xq.kdhfÙkZ o Hkêkjd ges dhfÙkZ ds le; ls gh Xokfy;j {ks= esa if.Mr&izfr’Bkpk;Z lenq k; dks cy feyus yxk FkkA vfHkys[kkas ls ;g Hkh bafxr gksrk gS fd izfr’Bkpk;Z dh vi{s kk if.Mr ijEijk vf/kd izkphu gSA yxHkx 18oh&a 19oha “krh bZ- eas lksukfxj eyw la?k cykRdkjx.k ds if.Mr&izfr’Bkpk;ks± dk dnsa z jgk FkkA lUnHkZ xzaFk lwph% 1. tSu] uouhr dqekj] ^vfHky[s kh; lk{;ksa ds ifjizs{; eas xksikpy ds egkdfo jS/kw dk dky&fu/kkZj.k*] vgZr~ opu] vizSy&twu ¼2016½] dqUndqUn KkuihB] bankSj A 2. flag] vjfoUn dqekj ,oa tSu] uouhr dqekj- tSu vfHkys[k laxzg] Hkkx 2 ¼fHk.M tuin] e/;izns”k½] Jqr lao)Zu laLFkku] esjB] 2017A 3. flag] vjfoUn dqekj ,oa tSu] uouhr dqekj] tSu vfHkys[k laxzg] Hkkx 1 ¼Xokfy;j tuin] e/;izn”s k½] vk;q ifCyds”kUl~] fnYyh] 2018 A

56 | vkbZ.,l.ts.,l&VªkatSDlUl] o’kZ&5] vad&3] tqykÃ&flracj] 2021 4. flag] vjfoUn dqekj ,oa tSu] uouhr dqekj] tSu vfHky[s k laxgz ] Hkkx 3 ¼nfr;k tuin] e/;izn”s k½] Jqr lao)Zu laLFkku] esjB] 2018vA 5. flag] vjfoUn dqekj ,oa tSu] uouhr dqekj] bfULØI”kUl~ vkQW f”koiqjh% eVsfj;y Qkj n fgLVªh vkWQ xksikfnz jhtu] Hkkx 1 o 2] ch- vkj- ifCyf”kax dkjiksjs”ku] fnYyh] 2018cA 6. flag] vjfoUn dqekj ,oa tSu] uouhr dqekj] tSu vfHkys[k laxzg] Hkkx 4 ¼eqjSuk o “;ksiqj tuin] e/;izn”s k½] Jqr lao)Zu laLFkku] esjB] 2019A 7. tSu] uouhr dqekj ,oa flag] vjfoUn dqekj] “osrkEcj tSu bets ls vkWQ xksikpy jhtu ,.M n;s j bfULØI”kUl~] iqjkUos’k.k&bf.M;u tuZy vkWQ vkdksZykWth ,.M VªMh”ku] ¼lEik- flag] ,- d-s ,oa tSu] ,u-ds-½ oksY;ew 3] ua- 2] tuojh&twu ¼2020½] ch- vkj- ifCyf”kax dkiksZjs”ku] fnYyhA 8. tSu] uouhr dqekj] ipjkbZ ds tSukfHkys[kkas eas mfYyf[kr nls hx.k dh iafMrkpk;Z ijEijk] izkphu rhFkZ th.kksZ)kj] ¼fnlEcj 2020v½] Jh Hkkjro’khZ; fnxEcj tSu rhFkZ lajf{k.kh egklHkk] y[kuÅA 9. tSu] uouhr dqekj] laor~ 1884 dh lksukfxj ¼e/;izn”s k½ esa lHkkflag ,oa xksdqypUnz }kjk izfr’Bkfir tSu izfrek,¡ ,oa ;a=iê] izkphu rhFkZ th.kksZ)kj] ¼vDVcw j 2020c½] Jh Hkkjro’khZ; fnxEcj tSu rhFkZ lajf{k.kh egklHkk] y[kuÅA

mŸkjk/;;u l=w % ,d ifj'khyu iou dqekj tSu1 lkjk'a k mÙkjk/;;u lw= dks Hkxoku egkohj ds vfUre mins”k ds :Ik eas Lohdkj fd;k tkrk gAS ijUrq dqN vkpk;ksZa dk er gS fd LFkfojksa us bls ckn eas laxzfgr fd;kA izLrqr i= eas mÙkjk/;;u lw= ds jpukdkj] jpukdky bR;kfn ds lUnHkZ esa rkfdZd foospu izLrqr djrs gq, blds v/;k;ksa ds dze o mldh fo’k;oLrq dk vuq”khyu fd;k x;k gSA izLrqr i= esa fofo/k izdkj ds HkzkUr ekU;rkvksa ds fujkdj.k esa mÙkjk/;;u ds egÙo dks j[s kkafdr djrs gq, bl ij miyC’/k O;k[;k lkfgR;ksa] ;Fkk& fu;qfä] pwf.kZ] Hkk’; rFkk Vhdkvksa ds oSf”k’V~; dks Hkh foosfpr fd;k x;k gSA tuS n'kuZ ,oa bldh laL—fr dk ewy vk/kkj loZK&loZn'kÊ ftus'oj }kjk Á:fir ok.kh :i vkxe gSA ÁÒq vius NùLFk2 dky eas Ák;% e©u jgrs gSaA vius ri la;e dh mR—\"V lk/kuk d¢ }kjk tc os vius Äkrh de¨± d¨ {k; dj d¢oyKku] d¢oyn'kZu ÁkIr dj ysrs gSa rc os ok.kh dh okxj.kk ¼mins”k½ djrs gSaA vFkkZr~ iw.kZrk ÁkIr g¨us d¢ i'pkr~ gh ÁÒq mins'k nsrs gSa vkSj mudh ÁFke ns'kuk eas gh prqÆo/k laÄ3 dh LFkkiuk g¨ tkrh gSA pafw d rhFk±dj ÁÒq iw.kZrk ÁkIr djus d¢ i'pkr~ gh ok.kh dh okxj.kk djrs gSa] vr,o mudh ok.kh u r¨ iwokZij foj¨/kh g¨rh gS] u gh ;qfä ck/kdA mlh mŸke ,oa Js\"B ok.kh d¨ tuS n'kuZ eas vkIrok.kh ¼vkxe½ dgk x;k gSA rhFk±dj vFkZ :i eas mins'k nsrs gaS ftls egku~ ÁKk d¢ /kuh x.k/kj lw= :i esa xawfFkr djrs gSaA blhfy, vkxe¨a d¢ fy, ;g dgk x;k gS fd ^^vRFka Òklb vjgk lqŸka xFa kafr x.kgjk fum.ka** ¼vko”;d fu;Zqfä] xkFkk 86½A vkxe lkfgR; dh Ákekf.kdrk d¢oy x.k/kj —r g¨us ls gh ugÈ] vfirq bld¢ vFkZ d¢ eyw Á:id rhFk±dj dh ohrjkxrk ,oa loZKrk gSA ;gh tuS n'kZu d¢ vkxe lkfgR; dh lcls cM+h fo'k\"s krk gSA rhFk±dj tSlk vius d¢oyKku ls tkurs gSa vkSj d¢oyn'kZu ls ns[krs gSa] oSlk gh fu:i.k djrs gSaA vkxeksa dk oxÊdj.k vkxe d¨ Jqr] ftuok.kh] 'kkó] lw=] }kn'kkaxh bR;kfn ukekas ls lEc¨f/kr fd;k tkrk gSA ftueas }kn'kkaxh dh jpuk] ftUgsa vax lw= dgk tkrk gS] x.k/kj4 djrs gSaA 'k\"s k vkxe¨a dh jpuk Jqrdsoyh }kjk dh tkrh gSA t¨ Jqrdsoyh nl iwoÊ vFkok mlls vf/kd d¢ Kkrk g¨rs gSaA blfy, os lw= vkSj vFkZ dh –f\"V ls vax lkfgR; eas ikjaxr g¨rs gSaA vr,o os t¨ Òh jpuk djrs gSa] mleas Çdfpr~ ek= Òh foj¨/k ugÈ g¨rkA t¨ ckr rhFk±dj dgrs gSa] mld¨ Jqr d¢oyh ¼nl iwoZ ls p©ng iwoZ d¢ Kkrk½ Òh mlh :i eas dg ldrs gSaA n¨u¨a eas vUrj bruk gh gS fd d¢oyh lEiw.kZ rŸo d¨ ÁR;{k :i ls tkurs gSa] tcfd Jqr d¢oyh vius fof'k\"V {k;¨i'ke ,oa JqrKku d¢ }kjk ij¨{k :i ls tkurs gSaA mud¢ }kjk jfpr vkxe lkfgR; blfy, Òh Ákekf.kd g¨rs gSa] D;¨fa d os fu;er% lE;X–f\"V g¨rs gSaA 1 d¢Uæh; lq/keZ tSu xzUFkky; ,oa 'k¨/k laLFkku] Ã&40] 'kkóhuxj] t¨/kiqj&342003 ¼jkt-½ bZ&esy% [email protected] 2 tc rd vkRek dks dsoy n”kZu vkSj dsoy Kku dh ikz fIr ugha gksrh gS] rc rd og vkRek NùLFk dgykrh gSA 3 Je.k] Je.kh] Jkod] Jkfodk&bu pkjksa ds leqnk; dks prqfoZ/k la?k dgrs gSaA 4 x.k/kj rhFkZadj ds iz/kku f”k’; gksrs gSaA

58 | vkbZ.,l.t.s ,l&VªkatSDlUl] o’kZ&5] vad&3] tqykÃ&flracj] 2021 orZeku eas t¨ vkxe lkfgR; miyC/k gS] mldks le;&le; ij fofÒé :i ls ;qxÁ/kku iq#\"kksa us oxÊ—r fd;k gSA leok;kax lw= eas d¢oy }kn'kkaxh d¢ :i eas fu:i.k fd;k x;k gS] tcfd vkpk;Z nsookpd us uUnh lw= eas JqrKku d¢ p©ng Òsnksa esa vkxekas dk oxÊdj.k vaxÁfo\"V vkSj vuaxÁfo\"V ¼vaxcká½ d¢ :i eas fd;k gSA rŸokFkZlw= ¼2-10½ eas Òh bUgÈ n¨ Òsn¨a dk mYys[k gSA vko”;d pfw .kZ ¼1] i`’B 8½ ds vuqlkj t¨ vkxe x.k/kj¨a }kjk Á'u djus ij rhFk±dj }kjk mifn\"V gS v©j x.k/kj¨a }kjk lw=c) gS] os vaxÁfo\"V gSaA ftudh jpuk nl ;k vf/kd iwoZ/kj LFkfoj¨a vkfn d¢ }kjk dh xà g¨rh gS] os vaxcká gSaA vaxÁfo\"V d¢ ckjg Òsn gSa vkSj vaxcká d¢ vusd Òsn gSaA5 'ors kEcj ijEijk eas vax Áfo\"V ,oa vaxcká n¨u¨a d¨ leku :i ls Ákekf.kd ekuk x;k gSA mŸkjk/;;u d¨ vax cká ¼eyw lw=½ eas fxuk x;k gAS LFkkudoklh ijEijk ds vuqlkj vkxekas dh la[;k 32 gS& X;kjg vax] ckjg mikxa ] pkj ewy] pkj Nsn vkSj cŸkhloka vko';d lw=A ,d vU; oxÊdj.k fo\"k; d¢ fglkc ls pj.kkuq;¨x] æO;kuq;¨x] xf.krkuq;¨x ,oa /keZdFkkuq;¨x d¢ :i eas gqvk gSA fnxEcj ijEijk d¢ ‘kV~[k.Mkxe ¼1-1-2] i`- 96½ eas vax vkSj vaxcká ,sls n¨ Òsn fd, x, gSa] fQj vax d¢ 12 vkSj vaxcká d¢ 14 Òsn fd, gSaA bl rjg fnxEcj ijEijk eas 26 vkxekas dh ekU;rk gSA fdUrq mudh ;g ekU;rk gS fd –f\"Vokn d¢ va'k fo'k\"s k d¢ vk/kkj ij fy[ks x;s \"kV~[k.Mkxe vkSj d\"kk;ÁkÒ`r d¨ N¨M+ dj 'k\"s k vax vkSj vxca ká vkxe fofPNé g¨ x;s gSa] tfcd 'ors kEcj ijEijk esa –f\"Vokn dk foPNsn gqvk gS vkSj 'k\"s k vkxe vfofPNé gSA fnxEcj ijEijk eas vaxcká d¢ 14 Ádkjksa eas ,d uke mŸkjk/;;u lw= dk Òh gSAbl izdkj mä lEiw.kZ oxÊdj.k esa mŸkjk/;;u lw= vaxcká eas eyw vkxe gSA mŸkjk/;;u l=w dk dr`ZRo mŸkjk/;;u lw= Òxoku~ egkohj dh vfUre ns'kuk dk ladyu :i vkxe ekuk tkrk gSA dqN O;k[;kdkj mŸkjk/;;u lw= d¨ Òxoku egkohj dh vfUre ns'kuk u ekudj mŸkjorÊ vkpk;k±s }kjk jfpr ekurs gSA vr% bl lEcU/k eas n¨ Ádkj dh ekU;rk,a feyrh gSa& dqN vkpk;Z bls Òxoku dh vfUre ns'kuk ugÈ Lohdkj djrs gSaA mudk er gS fd ÁLrqr vkxe d¢ o.kZu d¨ ns[krs gq, ,ls k yxrk gS fd LFkfojkas us bls ckn eas laxzg fd;k gSA dqN v/;;u ,sls gSa ftuesa ÁR;ds cq) ,oa vU; fof'k\"V Je.kkas d¢ }kjk fd, x, mins'k ,oa laokn dk laxzg gSA fu;qZfädkj vkpk;Z Òæckgq r¨ mŸkjk/;;u d¢ dfri; v/;;ukas d¨ –f\"Vokn ls m)`r fd;k gqvk Lohdkj djrs gSaA mud¢ vuqlkj bld¢ dqN v/;;u vax lkfgR; ls fy, gSa] dqN ftu&Òkf\"kr gS vkSj dqN ÁR;ds cq)kfn jfpr ,oa vU; LFkfojkfn d¢ }kjk dgs x;s gSaA6 pÆw .kdkj Jh ftunklxf.k egŸkj ,oa c`gn~o`fŸkdkj Jh 'kkUR;kpk;Z us Òh fu;qZfä d¢ dFku dk leFkuZ fd;k gSA 7 fdUrq 5 *Jqra efriwoZa }z;uds }kn”kHksne~^ ¼rÙokFkZ lw= 2-10½ 6 vaxIiÒk ft.kÒkfl;k ;] iŸks;cq)laok;kA ca/ks eqD[ks ; d;k] NŸkhla mŸkjT>;.kkAA ¼mŸkjk/;;u fu;qZfä] xkFkk 4½ 7 ¼v½ ,;kf.k iq.k mŸkjkT>;.kkf.k dvks d¢.k ok Òkfl;kf.kfŸk\\] mPprs] ^vaxIiÒok* xkgk ¼4&5½ rRFk vaxIiÒok >gk ijhlgk ckjlekvks vaxkvks dEeIiok;iqOokvks f.kTtw<k] ft.kÒkfl;k tgk nqeiŸkxkfn] iŸk;s cq)Òkfl;kf.k tgk dkfofyTtkfn] laokvks tgk .kfeiOoTtk d¢flx¨;eTs ta p] ra ,rs lOoso ca/kIie¨D[kRFka NŸkhla mŸkjT>;.kk d;kA ¼ftunklxf.k egŸkj pÆw .k] Òkx 1] i`- 67½ ¼c½ v³~xkn~&–f\"Voknkn%s ÁÒo&mRifŸkj\"s kkfefr v³~xÁÒokfu] ;Fkk ijh\"kgk/;;u]a o{;fr fg & ^dEeIiok;iqOos lŸkjls ikgqMafe ta lqŸkaA lu;a l¨nkgj.ka ra pos bgafi .kk;OoaAA1AA* ftuÒkf\"krkfu ;Fkk æqeiqf\"idk·/;;u]a rf)

mŸkjk/;;u lw= % ,d ifj'khyu | 59 fu;qZfädkj us xzUFk dh Á'kalk eas mŸkjk/;;u d¨ t¨ ftu Á.khr dgk gSA8 mudk ;g dFku 'kCnr% ftu Á.khrrk ls u g¨dj] vFkZr% ftu&Á.khrrk ls gSA vFkZ dh vi{s kk ls lÒh ekU; xzUFk ftu&Á.khr gh gSa vU;Fkk mueas Ákek.; gh u jgxs kA mŸkjk/;;u d¢ vaxcká&xzUFk g¨us ls Òh Li\"V gS fd bldh jpuk Òxoku egkohj d¢ Á/kku f'k\";kas ¼x.k/kjks½a us ugÈ dh vfirq rnqŸkjorÊ JqrKksa us dh gSA blhfy, c`gn~o`fŸkdkj 'kkUR;kpk;Z us ^ftu* 'kCn dk vFkZ ^Jqrftu* ;k ^Jqrd¢oyh* djrs gSaA9 dYilw= d¢ vuqlkj Je.k Òxoku egkohj dY;k.k Qy foikd okys 55 v/;;u¨a vkSj iki Qy okys 55 v/;;u¨a ,oa NŸkhl vi`\"V&O;kdj.k¨a dh Á:i.kk djrs&djrs fl)] cq) vkSj eqDr g¨ x;sA 10 dqN vkpk;k±s dh ;g ekU;rk gS fd Òxoku egkohj us fuokZ.k ÁkfIr d¢ igys 55 v/;;u nq%[k foikd d¢ vkSj 55 lq[k foikd d¢ dgs Fk]s mld¢ ckn fcuk iwNs mŸkjk/;;u d¢ 36 v/;;ukas dk o.kZu fd;kA blfy, dYilw= esa bls viqÎ okxj.kk &vi`\"V ns'kuk dgk gSA ,ls k Òh dgk tkrk gS fd 36 v/;;u lekIr djd¢ Òxoku e:nsoh ekrk dk Á/kku uked 37osa v/;;u dk o.kZu djrs gq, vUreqZgwŸkZ dk 'kSy's khdj.k djd¢ fl)&cq) ,oa eqä g¨ x,A blh vk/kkj ls ;g ekuk tkrk gS fd NŸkhl vi`\"V&O;kdj.k mŸkjk/;;u d¢ gh NŸkhl v/;;u gaAS bl ckr dh iqf\"V mŸkjk/;;u lw= d¢ NŸkhlosa v/;;u dh vfUre xkFkk ls Òh g¨rh gSA11 ftldk ÒkokFkZ bl Ádkj g%S ÒO; tho¨a dk lEeŸk gS fd mŸkjk/;;u lw= d¢ NŸkhl v/;;u¨a d¨ ÁdV dj d¢ cq) & rŸoK d¢oyKkuh Kkriq= Je.k Òxoku egkohj Lokeh ifjfuoZ`r & fuokZ.k d¨ ÁkIr g¨ x;As mä xkFkk ds dfri; Vhdkdkj blh Ádkj O;k[;k djrs gSaA blfy, mŸkjk/;;u lw= d¢ NŸkhlosa v/;;u dh vfUre xkFkk ,oa dYilw= eas Òxoku egkohj d¢ fuokZ.k lEcU/kh ikB dk voy¨du djus ij ;g Li\"V g¨rk gS fd Je.k Òxoku egkohj Lokeh us mŸkjk/;;u lw= d¢ 36 v/;;ukas d¨ ÁdV fd;k gSA ^f=\"kf\"V 'kykdk iq#\"k pfj=* eas vkpk;Z Jh gsepUæ lwfj us Òh mŸkjk/;;u lw= d¨ Je.k Òxoku egkohj Lokeh dk vfUre mins'k d¢ :i eas Lohdkj fd;k gSA 12 bl 'y¨d eas vk;k gqvk ^vÁ'uO;kdj.kkfu* ;g ikB dYilw=xr ^viqÎokxjk.kkba* ikB dk gh Nk;kek= gAS bldk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd fcuk iwNs mins'k djukA ri tSls fgr&cqf) j[kus okys egkiq#\"k fcuk iwNs Òh nwljs thoksa d¢ dY;k.kkFkZ /keZ dk mins'k nsrs gSa] blh –f\"V ls ije¨idkjh Je.k Òxoku egkohj Lokeh us Òh y¨d dY;k.k dh Òkouk ls fcuk fdlh d¢ Á'u fd, gh budk mins'k fn;k t¨ fd Òxoku dk vfUre mins'k dgk o ekuk tkrk gS rFkk blls mŸkjk/;;u dk ^vi`\"V O;kdj.k* vFkok ^vÁ'u O;kdj.k* ;g ukekUrj Òh fl) g¨rk gSA leqRiéd¢oysu Òxork egkohjs.k Á.khra] ;}{;fr & ^raf.kLlk, Òxoa lhlk.ka nbs v.kqlÇÎ*fr] ^p%* leqPp;s] ÁR;sdcq)k'p laokn'p ÁR;sdc)q laokna rLeknqRiékuhfr 'ks\"k%] r= ÁR;sdc)q k% & dfiykn;% rHs ; mRiékfu ;Fkk dkfiyh;k/;;ua o{;fr fg & ^/kEeÎ;k xh;a* r= fg dfiyes fs r Ádze% laokn&l³~xr&Á'u¨Ÿkj& opu:iLrr mRiékfu] ;Fkk & d¢f'kx©reh;a] o{;fr p ^x¨red¢lhvks ; laok;leqfÎ; rq tEgs;* feR;kfnA ¼'kkUR;kpk;Z of` Ÿk] Òkx 1] i`- 9&10½ 8 ts fdj Òofl)h;k ifjŸklalkfj;k ; ts ÒOokA rs fdj i<fa r ,, NŸkhla mŸkjT>k,AA rEgk ft.ki..kŸks] v.karxe&iTtosfg latqŸksA vT>k, tgt¨xa] xq#Iilk;k vfgTtTtkAA ¼ufs epUæ—r o`fŸk] i`’B 391½ 9 ^rLekfTtuS% JqrftuknfÒ% Á:firk%^] ¼'kkUR;kpk;Z of` Ÿk 713½ 10 ^NŸkhla p viqÎ okxjk.kkba^ ¼dYilw= 146½ 11 bb ikmdjs cq)s] uk;, ifjfuOo,q A NŸkhla mŸkjT>k,] Òofl)h;lae,AA ¼mŸkjk/;;u lw= 36-268½ 12 \"kV~Ç='kŸkekÁ'uO;kdj.kkU;fÒ/kk; p A Á/kkua ukek/;;ua txn~xq#Òk\"k;r~ A ¼f=\"kf\"V'kykdk i#q \"kpfj=] ioZ 10] lxZ 13] 'y¨d 224½

60 | vkbZ.,l.t.s ,l&VªkatSDlUl] o’kZ&5] vad&3] tqykÃ&flracj] 2021 Òxoku egkohj us vfUre ns'kuk eas viqÎokxj.kk :i mŸkjk/;;u Qjek;k ,ls k dYilw= eas mYys[k gSA vr% Òxoku d¢ fuokZ.k d¢ ckn vfUre ns'kuk lquus okys x.k/kjsrj ¼x.k/kj d¢ flok;½ LFkfojkas us lq/kekZ Lokeh dh fo|ekurk eas bldh jpuk dh ,slk ekuus dh ijEijk gSA vk;Z lq/kekZ Lokeh LFkfoj —r leok;kax lw= d¢ 36oas leok;kax eas mŸkjk/;;u d¢ 36 v/;;uksa d¢ uke vkuk gh bl ckr dk lwpd gS fd lq/kekZLokeh dh fo|ekurk eas gh vU; LFkfojksa }kjk bldh jpuk dj nh x;h FkhA ijEijkulq kj r¨ bld¨ ,d LFkfoj dh jpuk le>h tkrh gSA ijEijk ,oa dYi lw= d¢ vuqlkj lÒh v/;;u Òxoku d¢ }kjk vFkZ :i eas dgs x;s gSaA dfiy d¢oyh ¼v/;;u 8½ ufejktÆ\"k bUæ laokn] d¢'kh] x©re vkfn ÄVuk,¡ ÄV pqdh FkhA blfy, Òxoku }kjk mu ÄVukvkas dk mYys[k fd;k tkuk vuqfpr ugÈ gSA mÙkjk/;;u lw= ¼v- 23½ esa iz;äq Òxoa ols kfy, fc;fg,A ^lFkqvkys ilh;Urq* ,oa ^Òxoa o)ekf.kfŸk* bR;kfn 'kCnkas ls LFkfojkas dks gh bldk jpukdkj g¨uk le>k tkrk gSA ijUrq bu 'kCnkas d¢ dkj.k ;s Òxoku d¢ dgs gq, v/;;u ugÈ gS] ,ls k le>us dk d¨Ã vkSfpR; ugÈ gSA D;kafs d x.k/kjksa us ;FkkJqr egkohj Lrqfr dh gSA D;k vius xq.k Òxoku us crk;s\\ ,ls h vk'kda k ;gk¡ Òh g¨ ldrh gSA Òxoku x.k/kjksa dks rhFk±djkas d¢ xq.k crkrs gSaA x.k/kjkas }kjk mls Òxoku d¢ uke ls t¨M+ nsus ls og lw= vFkZ foijhr ugÈ le>k tkrk gSA oSls gh ;Fkk Álaxksa ij Òxoku d¢ lEeku lwpd 'kCnkas dk LFkfojkas d¢ }kjk Á;¨x g¨ tkus ek= ls mls vU; dfFkr ekuuk mfpr Árhr ugÈ g¨rk gSA bu lkjs lUnÒkZas ls ;g Ákekf.kr g¨ tkrk gS fd mŸkjk/;;u lw= d¢ fuekZrk ¼vFkZ :i ls½ Je.k Òxoku egkohj Lokeh gh gSAa mŸkjk/;;u l=w dk jpuk dky mŸkjk/;;u ij feyus okys lkfgR; esa loZÁFke vkpk;Z Òæckgq dh fu;qZfä feyrh gSA bldk le; fo- l-a 500&600 d¢ chp fl) g¨rk gS ¼Je.k] flrEcj 1954] i`- 15½A blls bruk r¨ Li\"V gS fd bl le; ls iwoZ mŸkjk/;;u viuh iw.kZ&fLFkfr eas vk pqdk FkkA fnxEcj&ijEijk eas Òh bldk lknj mYys[k feyus ls Li\"V gS fd laÄÒsn g¨us d¢ iwoZ ;g ekU;rk ÁkIr dj pqdk Fkk] vU;Fkk bldk ogk¡ mYys[k u feyrkA n'koSdkfyd eas mŸkjk/;;u d¢ va'kkas dk vk/kkj izkIr gksrk gS rFkk n'koSdkfyd dh jpuk g¨ tkus ij n'kodS kfyd d¢ ckn mŸkjk/;;u i<+s tkus dk mYys[k Hkh izkIr gksrk gSA blls Li’V gksrk gS fd mŸkjk/;;u dk ÁkjfEÒd :i n'kodS kfyd dh jpuk ¼oh- fu- igyh 'krkCnh] Ã- iw- 452&429½ d¢ iwoZ fu/kkZfjr g¨ pqdk FkkA blh izdkj O;ogkjÒk\";13 eas ,ls k gh mYys[k gS fd Ákphu dky eas ¼n'koSdkfyd d¢ fu;Zwg.k ls iwoZ½ vkpkjkax d¢ i'pkr~ mŸkjk/;;u lw= d¨ i<+k tkrk Fkk] vkt n'koSdkfyd d¢ i'pkr~ mŸkjk/;;u lw= i<+k;k tkus yxkA leok;kax lw= ¼leok; 36½ vkjS mŸkjk/;;u fu;Zqfä ¼xkFkk 18&26½ vkfn esa mŸkjk/;;u dh t¨ fo\"k; lwph nh xà gS] og mŸkjk/;;u eas T;ksa dh R;kas ÁkIr g¨rh gSA vr% ;g vlafnX/k :i ls dgk tk ldrk gS fd mŸkjk/;;u dh fo\"k; oLrq Ákphu gAS ohj fuokZ.k dh ÁFke 'krkCnh eas n'koSdkfyd 13 vk;kjLl m moÇj] mŸkjT>;.kk m vkfl iqOoa rqA nlos;kfy;k moÇj] b;kÇ.k Çd rs u gksfa r mAA ¼O;ogkjÒk\";] mÌs';d 3 xkFkk 176½

mŸkjk/;;u lw= % ,d ifj'khyu | 61 lw= dh jpuk g¨ pqdh Fkh ,oa mŸkjk/;;u n'kodS kfyd d¢ iwoZ dh jpuk gS] vr% bldh ladyuk ohj fuokZ.k dh ÁFke 'krkCnh d¢ iwokZ)Z esa g¨ pqdh FkhA mŸkjk/;;u 'kCn dk vFkZ mŸkjk/;;u lw= 'kCn mŸkj$v/;;u$lw= bu rhu 'kCnkas d¢ la;¨x ls cuk gSA bueas mŸkj 'kCn d¢ rhu vFkZ laÒkfor gS& Á/kku ¼Js\"B½] tokc vkSj i'pkn~ÒkohA14 p¡wfd bld¢ v/;;u mŸkj¨Ÿkj Á/kku ¼Js\"B½ gS blfy, bldh mŸkj ¼Js\"B½ laKk gqbZA bldk vk/kkj dkbs Z miyC/k xzUFk ugÈ gks ldrk gSA f}rh; vFkkuZ qlkj ¼tokc@mŸkj½ & Á'ukas d¢ lek/kku d¨ mŸkj dgrs gSaA ftleas gesa lc Á'ukas d¢ lek/kku ÁkIr g¨rs gSa] og gS mŸkjk/;;uA vc rd t¨ tkuk tk pqdk] og lc iwoZ gS] Á'u gSA o¨ lc vkoj.k :i gh gS] ml vkoj.k d¢ gVus d¨ mŸkj dgrs gSaA t¨ Kku gekjs Òhrj d¢ vkoj.k dks gVk ns] ml Kku dk uke gS & mŸkjk/;;uA ^mŸkj* 'kCn d¢ ^iwoZ* lkis{k g¨us ls bldk i'pkn~Òkoh ¼ckn dh jpuk ;k ckn eas ftldk v/;;u fd;k tk;½ vFkZ Òh Li\"V g¨rk gSA mŸkjdk.M] mŸkjjkepfjŸk vkfn eas Á;qä ^mŸkj* 'kCn dk vFkZ i'pkn~Òkoh g¨us ls mŸkjk/;;u eas Á;qä ^mŸkj* 'kCn dk vFkZ i'pk˜koh leqfpr Árhr g¨rk gSA fu;qZfädkj Òh mŸkj dk vFkZ ^ckn eas* ¼i'pkn~Òkoh½ gh djrs gSaA blfy, os ^mŸkjk/;;u* 'kCn d¨ O;k[;kf;r djrs gq, dgrs gSa fd ftldk vkpkjkax vkfn d¢ ckn v/;;u fd;s tkus vFkkZr~ i<+s tkus d¢ dkj.k bldh ^mŸkj* laKk gqÃA15 v/;;u dk lkekU; vFkZ g¨rk gS & i<+ukA mŸkjk/;;u eas Á;qä v/;;u 'kCn ls Òh ;gh vFkZ Árhr g¨rk gS D;kasfd vU; fdlh vkxe&xzUFk d¢ lkFk v/;;u 'kCn dk Á;¨x ugÈ gqvk gSA fdUrq ;gk¡ v/;;u dk vFkZ Ádj.k ¼ifjPNsn] v/;k;½ gS ftlls vkxe dk uke mŸkjk/;;u gSA blfy, bu v/;;ukas d¢ lewg d¨ Òh mŸkjk/;;u dgk gSA lw= 'kCn dk lkekU; vFkZ&ftlesa 'kCn r¨ de g¨ vkSj vFkZ foiqy g¨A bl izdkj mŸkjk/;;u 'kCn dh dNq O;qRifŸk;k¡ fuEuor~ gSa & 1- ftleas ;k ftld¢ v/;;u Js\"B ;k Á/kku gS] og mŸkjk/;;uA 2- ftleas Òxoku~ egkohj }kjk vafre voLFkk esa dgs gq, v/;;u gaS] og mŸkjk/;;uA 3- ftu v/;;uksa d¨ mŸkjdky esa i<+k tkrk gS] og mŸkjk/;;uA mŸkjk/;;u vkpkjkax d¢ ckn i<+k tkrk gSA 4- fdlh xzUFk d¢ mŸkjÒkx :i v/;;u gS ftld¢] og mŸkjk/;;uA 5- mŸkjdky esa jfpr v/;;u gS ftlea]s og mŸkjk/;;uA 6- mŸkj :i vFkkrZ ~ lek/kku ijd v/;;u gS ftleas] og mŸkjk/;;uA 14 tg..ka lqŸkja [kyq mDd¨la ok v.kqŸkja g¨ÃA lslkba mŸkjkba v.kqŸkjkba p u;s kf.kA ¼mŸkjk/;;u fu;qZfä xkFkk 2½ 15 demŸkj.s k ix;a vk;kjLlso mofjekba rqA rEgk m mŸkjk [kyq vT>;.kk gqafr .kk;OokAA ¼ogh] xkFkk 3½

62 | vkbZ.,l.ts.,l&VªkatSDlUl] o’kZ&5] vad&3] tqykÃ&flracj] 2021 pkj vuq;¨x dk laxe gS mŸkjk/;;u l=w 'kCn dk mld¢ vFkZ d¢ lkFk ;¨x&lEcU/k t¨M+uk] vuq;¨x dgykrk gSA /kkj.kk 'kfDr d¢ gzkl d¨ /;ku eas j[kdj] Òkoh vYie/s kkoh tu¨a d¢ vuqxzg grs q fodze dh igyh 'krkCnh eas vk;Zjf{kr us fo\"k;oLrq dh vi{s kk ls LFkwy :i ls vkxe lkfgR; d¨ pkj Òkx¨a esa foÒkftr fd;k gS( ;Fkk & 1- /keZdFkkuq;¨x ¼dFkklkfgR;½] 2- pj.kdj.kkuq;¨x ¼vkpkjfo\"k;d½] 3- xf.krkuq;¨x ¼y¨d&jpuk] [kx¨y&Òwx¨yfo\"k;d½] 4- æO;kuq;¨x ¼æO;&Lo:i fo\"k;d½A bUgÈ pkj foÒkx¨a d¨ fuEu Ádkj ls dgrs gSa & ÁFkekuq;¨x ¼/keZdFkk½] pj.kkuq;¨x ¼vkpkj½] dj.kkuq;¨x ¼y¨dLo:ikfn½] æO;kuq;¨x ¼rŸoLo:i½A vk;Z jf{kr us mŸkjk/;;u lw= d¨ /keZdFkkuq;¨x eas ifjxf.kr fd;k Fkk] fdUrq ;g oxÊdj.k flQZ /keZ dFkkvkas dh Á/kkurk] foiqyrk d¢ dkj.k gh fd;k x;k FkkA orZeku esa miyC/k ÁR;ds vkxe d¢ leku mŸkjk/;;u eas Òh pkjkas vuq;¨x d¢ ikB ÁkIr g¨rs gSaA mRlxZ ekxZ d¨ voyEcu djd¢ gh mŸkjk/;;u d¨ /keZ dFkkuq;¨x esa lfEefyr fd;kA viokn ekxZ eas r¨ ÁR;ds lw= eas pkjkas vuq;¨xksa dk mYys[k ÁkIr g¨rk gSA Òxoku egkohj dh ok.kh L;k}kn ;qä o fpUru vusdkUr ;qä FkkA vr% ,d gh vkxe eas pkjkas vuq;¨x rks ÄfVr g¨rs gh gSa] mld¢ 1&1 v/;;u esa Òh pkjksa vuq;¨x ÄfVr fd;s tk ldrs gSaA mŸkjk/;;u l=w dk ekgkRE; mŸkjk/;;u lw= dk egŸo tSu ok³~e; eas loZfofnr gSA bldh ÁR;ds xkFkk xkxj eas lkxj dh rjg v/;kRe&jl ls ifjiw.kZ gSaA tSls egkÒkjr d¢ lEcU/k eas dgk tkrk gS &^ÁfrioZ jl¨n;e~* ÁR;sd ioZ ij vf/kdkf/kd jl dk vuqÒo g¨rk gS] olS s gh mŸkjk/;;u d¢ fo\"k; esa ;g dgk tk ldrk gS & ^Áfr v/;;ue~ v/;kRe¨n;%* ÁR;ds v/;;u vkxs ls vkxs v/;kRe jl dh vfÒo`f) djrk gSA bls ;fn lk/kd thou dh Mk;jh dg fn;k tk; r¨ Òh vfr'k;¨fä ugÈ g¨xhA mŸkjk/;;u og vk/;kfRed Ò¨tu gS] t¨ dÒh cklh ugÈ g¨rkA ;g thou d¢ n%q [krs gq, vaxkas d¨ lh/kk Li'kZ djrk gSA oLrqr% ;g thou n'kuZ gS] thou lw= gSA ;g lw= y¨duhfr gS] lkekftd f'k\"Vkpkj gS] vuq'kklu gS] v/;kRe gS] oSjkX; gS] bfrgkl gS] iqjk.k gS vkSj rŸoKku gSA ;g x<w + Òh gS vkSj ljy ÒhA vUrtZxr~ dk eu¨fo'ys\"k.k Òh gS vkSj cká txr~ dh :ijs[kk ÒhA ;g thou dh lok±xh.k O;k[;k ÁLrqr djrk gSA mŸkjk/;;u fu;qZfä eas mŸkjk/;;u lw= dk egŸo fuEu Ádkj ls fn;k x;k gS & t¨ Òoflf)d tho gS vkSj eqfä&xeu d¢ vkléÒwr g¨ jgs gSa rFkk ftudk lalkj i;ZVu cgrq vYi jg x;k gS] os Òoh tho gh mŸkjk/;;u lw= d¢ 36 v/;;uksa d¨ Òko&iwoZd i<+rs gSa fdUrq t¨ vÒo&flf)d&xzfUFkd& lŸo ¼ftudk xzfUFkÒsn ugÈ gqvk½ vkSj vuUr lalkjh tho gSa os vR;Ur fDy\"V v'kqÒ deks± d¢ dkj.k mŸkjk/;;u lw= dk v/;;u djus d¢ v;¨X; gSA16 16 ts fdj Òofl)h;k] ifjŸk lalkfjvk ; Òfo;k ;A rs fdj i<afr /khjk] NŸkhla mŸkjT>;.ksAA ts gqafr vÒofl)h;k] xafFkv&lŸkk v.karlalkjkA rs lafdfyÎ&dEek] vÒfo; mŸkjT>k,AA ¼mŸkjk/;;u fu;qZfä xkFkk 557&558½

mŸkjk/;;u lw= % ,d ifj'khyu | 63 fu;qZfä eas mŸkjk/;;u lw= d¨ ftusUæ&Òkf\"kr rFkk 'kCn vkSj vFkZ d¢ vuUr i;kZ;ksa ls ;qä crk;k gSA iw.kZ fou; ls xq#tuksa d¢ lehi cSBdj fof/k&iwoZd v/;;u djus dk vkns'k fn;k x;k g]S 17 ftlls ÁLrqr lw= dh efgek vuk;kl gh O;ä g¨ tkrh gSA bld¢ vfrfjfä ;g Òh /ofur g¨rk gS fd Jqr dk v/;;u xq#eq[k ls gh djuk pkfg, rFkk Òfä vkSj fou;kfn ls xq#tuksa d¨ lnk Álé j[kuk pkfg,A bl Ádkj fu;qZfädkj us vUo; vkSj O;frjsd d¢ ek/;e ls mŸkjk/;;u d¢ ikB dk ekgkRE; Li\"V djrs gq, Òoh vkSj vÒoh thoksa d¢ y{k.kkas d¨ Òh Li\"V fd;k gSA mŸkjk/;;u dh nhfidk eas Òh dgk gS fd og ÒO; tu cgrq ls deks± dh futjZ k dj nsrk gS t¨ mi/kku&ri¨·uq\"Bku }kjk fof/k&iwoZd mŸkjk/;;u d¢ lw= vkSj mld¢ vFkZ d¨ ÁkIr djrk gSA bruk gh ugÈ] fdUrq xq#e[q k ls lw= vkSj vFkZ d¨ ÁkIr djd¢ mldk vU; thoksa d¢ dY;k.kkFkZ mins'k djrk gS] og {kh.k deZ okyk g¨rk gSA 18 vr% ;g Li\"V g¨rk gS fd mŸkjk/;;u dk fof/k&iwoZd iBu&ikBu lk{kkr~ vFkok ijEijk ls e¨{k dk fu/kku gSA fu;qZfädkj d¢ mä dFku ls mŸkjk/;;u lw= d¢ egŸo vkSj Ákphurk n¨ukas dk c¨/k g¨rk gSA fnxEcj ijEijk eas bldk lfo'k\"s k mYys[k g¨us ls rFkk bld¢ foiqy Vhdk&lkfgR; eas bld¢ egŸo vkSj Ákphurk d¢ lkFk bldh y¨dfÁ;rk dk Òh irk pyrk gSA ;fn ge la{ksi eas dguk pkgs r¨ dg ldrs gSa fd mŸkjk/;;u vaxcká vkxe g¨us ij Òh vaxxzUFkkas ls de egŸoiw.kZ ugÈ gSA mŸkjk/;;u l=w dk O;kogkfjd ,oa vk/;kfRed thou Á;¨x mŸkjk/;;u dh 'kq#vkr fou; ls g¨rh gS( fou; vFkkZr~ f'k\"VkpkjA xq#tukas ,oa vfÒÒkodksa dk vuq'kklu thou eas fdruk fuekZ.kdkjh gS] ;g ÁFke v/;;u ls Li\"V Árhr g¨rk gSA dSls c¨yuk] dSls cSBuk] dlS s [kM+s jguk] dSls lh[kuk&le>uk&bR;kfn N¨Vh&N¨Vh ckrksa dh Òh dkQh xÒa hjrk d¢ lkFk ppkZ dh xà gSa] tSls fd d¨Ã vuqÒoh o`) uUgs ckyd d¨ dqN crk jgk g¨A oLrqr% thou&fuekZ.k d¨ ;s igyh lh<+h gS] ftls ikj fd, fcuk Åij dh efa ty eas d¨Ã dSls igq¡p ld¢xkA vkt t¨ ge ifjokj] lekt vkSj jk\"Vª eas foxzg] dyg vkSj }U} ns[k jgs gSa] ;fn mŸkjk/;;u d¢ ÁFke d¢ n¨] rhu v/;;u gh fu\"Bk d¢ lkFk thou eas mrkj ysa] r¨ /kjrh ij thrs th LoxZ d¢ lq[kksa dh ÁkfIr g¨ tk;sxhA mŸkjk/;;u lw= d¢ v/;;ukas eas thou d¨ mér cukus dh f'k{kk nsrs gq, vkxedkjksa us dgk gS fd & vf/kd ugÈ c¨yuk pkfg,A fd, x;s dk;Z d¨ fd;k dguk vkSj ugÈ fd, d¨ ugÈ fd;k dgukA xfyrk'o ¼nq\"V ;k nqcZy ĨM+k½ tSls ckj&ckj pkcdq dh ekj [kkrk gS] ,ls s ckj&ckj fdlh d¢ dqN dgrs jgus vkSj lquus dh vknr er Mky¨A le; ij le¨fpr dŸkZO; dk ikyu djuk pkfg,A nwljksa ij r¨ D;k] vius vki ij Òh dÒh dz¨/k u dj¨A xyrh d¨ fNikvks ugÈA fcuk cqyk, fdlh d¢ chp eas u c¨y¨A nwljs neu dj]sa blls r¨ vPNk gS fd Lo;a gh Lo;a d¨ vuq'kkflr djy¨A 17 rEgk ft.kiérs v.karxeiTtosfg latqŸkAs vT>k, tgk t¨xa] xq#ilk;k vfgfT>TtkAA ¼ogh] xkFkk 559½ 18 t¨xfogh, ofg;k ,,] t¨ ygb lqŸkeRFka okA Òklsb Òfo;t.k¨] l¨ ikosb fuTtjk cgqykAA ¼mŸkjk/;;u nhfidk] 36-5½

64 | vkbZ.,l.t.s ,l&VªkatSDlUl] o’kZ&5] vad&3] tqykÃ&flracj] 2021 nwljksa d¢ n¨\"k er ns[k¨A Kku ÁkIr dj uez cu¨A [kkus&ihus dh ek=k dk ;Fk¨fpr /;ku j[kuk pkfg,A vkt ugÈ] r¨ dy feysxk\\ vkt d¢ vykÒ ls gh fujk'kk D;kas\\ eu eas nhurk u vkus n¨ vFkkZr~ lalkj eas vnhu Òko ls jguk pkfg,A thou eas 'kda kvksa ls xzLr&Òhr g¨dj er py¨A —r deks± dk Qy Ò¨xs fcuk eqfä ugÈ gSA ÁeŸk euq\"; /ku d¢ }kjk viuh j{kk ugÈ dj ldrk] u bl y¨d eas u ijy¨d eaAs bPNkvksa d¨ j¨dus ls gh e¨{k ÁkIr g¨rk gSA ,d d¨ thr ysus ij lcd¨ thr fy;k tkrk gSA bPNk,a vkdk'k d¢ leku vuUr gSA tjk euq\"; dh lqUnjrk d¨ lekIr dj nsrh gSA tSls o`{k d¢ Qy {kh.k gks tkus ij i{kh mls N¨M+dj pys tkrs gSa] oSls gh iq#\"k dk iq.; {kh.k g¨us ij Ò¨x lk/ku mls N¨M+ nsrs gSaA v/;;u dj ysus ek= ls ons j{kk ugÈ dj ldrsA lalkj d¢ fo\"k;&Ò¨x {k.k Òj d¢ fy, lq[k nsrs gSa] fdUrq cnys eas fpjdky rd nq%[knk;h g¨rs gSaA lnk fgrdkjh lR; opu c¨yuk pkfg,A t¨ ykÒ&vykÒ] lq[k&nq[k] thou&ej.k] fuUnk&Á'kla k vkSj eku&vieku esa leÒko j[krk gS] ogh oLrqr% eqfu gSA rw Lo;a vukFk gS] r¨ nwljs dk ukFk dCls g¨ ldrk gS\\ viuh 'kfä d¨ Bhd rjg igpku dj ;Fkkolj ;Fk¨fpŸk dŸkZO; dk ikyu djrs gq, jk\"Vª eas fopj.k dhft,A vla;r vkRek gh Lo;a dk ,d 'k=q gSA lk/kd dh Lo;a dh ÁKk gh le; ij /keZ dh leh{kk dj ldrh gSA czkã.k ogh gS t¨ lalkj eas jgdj Òh dke&Ò¨xkas ls fuÆyIr jgrk gS] tSls fd dey ty ls fyIr jgdj Òh mlesa fyIr ugÈ g¨rkA lerk ls Je.k] czãp;Z ls czkã.k] Kku ls eqfu vkSj riL;k ls rkil dgykrk gSA deZ ls gh czkã.k g¨rk gS] deZ ls gh {kf=;] deZ ls gh oS'; g¨rk gS vkSj deZ ls gh 'kæw A Lok/;k; lc Òkoksa dk Ádk'k djus okyk gSA oLrqLo:i dh ;FkkZFk :i ls tkuus okys ^ftu* Òxoku~ us Kku] n'kZu] pkfj= vkSj ri d¨ e¨{k dk ekxZ crk;k gSA lE;DRo d¢ vÒko eas pkfj= ugÈ g¨ ldrkA Kku d¢ lexz Ádk'k ls] vKku vkSj e¨g d¢ foltZu ls] jkx ,oa }s\"k d¢ {k; ls] vkRek ,dkUr lq[k&Lo:i e¨{k d¨ ÁkIr djrk gSA jkx vkSj }s\"k ;s n¨ deZ d¢ cht gSA deZ e¨g ls mRié g¨rk gSA deZ gh tUe&ej.k dk eyw gS vkSj tUe&ej.k gh oLrqr nq%[k gSA t¨ eu¨K vkSj veu¨K 'kCn vkfn fo\"k;ksa eas le jgrk gS] ml lq[k dh d¨Ã miek ugÈ gS vkSj u d¨Ã x.kuk gh gSA mŸkjk/;;u lw= vk/;kfRed 'kkó gSA og thou dh my>h xqfRFk;kas d¨ vUnj eas lqy>krk gSA ckgj eas t¨ Òh }U}] foxzg ;k laÄ\"kZ utj vkrs gSa] mud¢ eyw vUnj eas gSaA vr% fo\"ko`{k d¢ r¨ eyw d¨ gh m[kkM+uk g¨xk( vkSj og ewy gS Ák.kh d¢ vUreZu dk jkx&}s\"kA blh fy, mŸkjk/;;u eas dgk gS & ^'kCn] :i] xU/k] jl vkfn dk d¨Ã vijk/k ugÈ gSA19 vlyh leL;k ml eu dh gS] t¨ eu¨K ls jkx vkSj veu¨K ls }s\"k djus yxrk gSA 'kCnkfn ls ugÈ] e¨g ls gh fo—fr tUe ysrh gSA20 t¨ lk/kd le gS] eu¨K vkSj veu¨K dh }U}kRed fLFkfr eas Òh leÒko j[k ysrk gS] jkx&}s\"k ugÈ djrk gS] og lalkj eas jgrk gqvk Òh mlls oSls gh fyIr ugÈ g¨rk gS] tSls ty eas jgrk gqvk Òh dey dk iŸkk ty esa vkæZ ¼xhyk½ ugÈ g¨rk gSA21 jktherh jFkusfe ls dgrh gS & tc Òh dÒh fdlh ukjh d¨ ns[k¨x]s xM+cM+k tkvkxs ]s vfLFkj g¨ tkvkxs As dne&dne ij B¨djsa [kkuk] dSlh lk/kqrk gS\\ ¼mŸkjk/;;u lw=] v/;k; 22½ thou ,d 19 ^u Çdfp :oa vojTtà ls^] ¼mŸkjk/;;u lw= 32-25½ 20 ^lks rls q e¨gk foxb mosb^] ¼ogh] 32-102½ 21 u fyIi, ÒoeT>s fo lar¨] ty.s k ok i¨D[kfj.khiyklaA ¼ogh] 32-34½

mŸkjk/;;u lw= % ,d ifj'khyu | 65 ;k=k gSA ;k=k esa vPNs&cqjs lÒh Álax vk ldrs gSaA vko';drk gS vius d¨ gh laÒkys j[kus dhA ckgj eas fdlh ls >xM+us dh ugÈA vr% mŸkjk/;;u lk/kd d¨ ckgj ls] b/kj&m/kj d¢ fo\"k;ksa ls] okrkoj.kksa ls cps jgus dh] uhfr&fu;eksa dh j{kk d¢ fy, ,dkUr eas vyx cus jgus dh vusd ppkZ,a djrk gS] t¨ ÁkFkfed lk/kd d¢ fy, vrho vko';d Òh gS] vkSj mi;¨xh Òh gSA mŸkjk/;;u l=w d¢ v/;;uksa dk dze22 mŸkjk/;;u lw= eas oÆ.kr 36 v/;;uksa d¢ dze dk laf{kIr dkj.k fuEu Ádkj ls gS & /keZ dk ewy gS&fou;A fou; ls gh e¨{k dh ÁkfIr g¨rh gS] vr% ÁFke v/;;u ^fou;* gS] fou;oku d¨ Ák;% ijh\"kg lgu djus g¨rs gSa] blfy, nwljk v/;;u ^ijh\"kg* gSA ijh\"kgksa d¨ leÒko ls lgu djus okyk Ák;% euq\"; xfr d¨ ÁkIr djrk gS] bl vi{s kk ls rhljs v/;;u eas pkj vaxkas dh nqyZÒrk dk o.kZu gSA Ák;% ekuo nqyÒZ vaxkas d¨ ÁkIr djd¢ Òh mUgsa Áekn eas xoa k nsrk gS] vr% p©Fkk v/;;u ^vla[k;a* gSA p©Fks v/;;u eas Li\"V fd;k x;k gS fd 'kjhj dk Òsnu vFkkZr~ ej.k u g¨ tk; rc rd xq.kksa d¨ vÆtr djus dk iq#\"kkFkZ djsAa vr% ik¡posa v/;;u eas ej.k d¢ Òsnksa dk mYys[k gS] mleas Òh ldke ej.k pkfj= /kkjd fuxZzUFkkas d¨ gh g¨rk gS] fuxzZUFkksa d¢ Lo:i d¨ le>kus d¢ fy, NBs v/;;u dk uke ^{kqYyd fuxzZUFkh;* j[kk x;k gSA fuxZzUFk ogh g¨rk gS t¨ jlksa esa vklfä ugÈ j[krkA blfy, lkroas v/;;u ^mj•zh;* eas mj•z dk mnkgj.k nsdj Li\"V fd;k gS fd vuklä ogh g¨xk t¨ y¨Ò jfgr g¨xkA vr% vkBosa v/;;u eas dfiy dk mnkgj.k nsdj y¨Ò N¨M+us ;¨X; gS] ,ls k Li\"V fd;k x;k gSA y¨Ò dkeuk d¨ thrus okyk gh bUækfn nsokas d¢ }kjk iwftr g¨rk gS] blh grs q uos v/;;u esa bUæ d¢ }kjk ijh{kk fd;s tkus ij Òh ufe jktÆ\"k vfMx o fu'py jgAs ÁozT;k eas ,ls h fu'pyrk f'k{kk ls gh vkrh gSA vr% nlosa v/;;u eas Òxoku egkohj Lokeh us x.k/kj x©re d¨ Áekn R;kx dh f'k{kk nh gSA Áekn dk R;kx foods 'khy O;fä gh dj ldrk gSA vr% X;kjgosa v/;;u esa cgqJqr dh fo'k\"s krk,¡ crkà xà gaSA cgqJqr d¨ flQZ Kku esa gh ugÈ ij ri eas Òh iq#\"kkFkZ djuk pkfg,A vr% ckjgosa v/;;u esa ri le`) gfjd¢'kh; eqfu dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA riLoh ri d¢ Qy dh dkeuk grs q funku u djsA vr% rsjgoas v/;;u esa funku —r laÒwfr dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA funku ls eqfä ugÈ vkSj funku jfgr tho gh eqfäxkehA blh dkj.k ls funku jfgr eqfäxkeh thoksa d¢ xq.kkas dk o.kZu p©ngoas v/;;u esa fd;k x;k gSA Js\"Bxq.k fÒ{kq esa gh g¨rs gSa] vr% iUægoas v/;;u eas fÒ{kq d¢ xq.kksa dk dFku fd;k x;k gSA fÒ{kq czãp;Z ;qä g¨rs gSa vkSj ml ozr eas –<+rk ykus d¢ fy, l¨ygoas v/;;u eas czãp;Z d¢ nlfo/k LFkkuksa d¢ ckjs eas crk;k x;k gSA czãp;Z eas xqfIr] iki&LFkkukas d¢ otZu ls laÒo gS] vr% lrjgosa v/;;u eas iki&otuZ dh ckr crkà xà gSA iki d¨ N¨M+us okyk la;r gh g¨rk gSA vr% vBkjgosa v/;;u eas la;r jktk dk mnkgj.k fn;k x;k gSA la;r cuus d¢ ckn mldh –<+rk dh ijh{kk j¨x d¢ le; vkrh gS] vr% 19osa v/;;u eas j¨x vkus ij Òh fpfdRlk u djokuk e`xkiq= d¢ ek/;e ls Li\"V fd;k x;k gSA j¨x eas Òh vÁfrderZ k vukFkius dh Òkouk ls gh vkrh gSA vr% 20osa v/;;u d¢ ek/;e ls vukFk vkSj lukFk d¢ Lo:i d¨ Li\"V fd;k x;kA vukFkrk ,dkUrp;kZ fogkj ls gh vkrh gSA vr% 21oas v/;;u eas leqæiky dk o.kZu fn;k x;k gSA ,dkUrp;kZ ogh lk/kd dj ldrk gS t¨ pkfj= esa /kS;Z'kkyh g¨ fdUrq ;fn fdlh rjg ls lk/kq d¨ 22 ^^ÁLrkouk^^] ¼Okgh] Òkx 1&3½

66 | vkbZ.,l.t.s ,l&VªkatSDlUl] o’kZ&5] vad&3] tqykÃ&flracj] 2021 vius pkfj= ls v#fp&ekufld vfLFkjrk mRié g¨ tk; r¨ Òh mls jFkusfe dh rjg /keZ eas /k`fr /kkj.k djuh pkfg,A blfy, 22oas v/;;u eas /kS;Z'kkyh jFkusfe ,oa jkthefr pfj= dk o.kZu fd;k gSA nwljksa dk Òh /keZ esa mRié eu¨ekfyU; d¢f'k&x©re dh rjg nwj djuk pkfj,A blfy, 23oas v/;;u esa d¢f'k&x©re dk laokn fn;k gSA nwljksa d¢ eu¨ekfyU; dk viu;u Òk\"kk lfefr Lo:i opu;¨x d¢ fcuk ugÈ g¨ ldrkA vr% 24osa v/;;u eas v\"V Áopu ekrk d¢ vUrxrZ Òk\"kk lfefr dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA nwljksa dh eu¨ekfyU; dk viu;u Òk\"kk lfefr Lo:i opu;¨x d¢ fcuk ugÈ g¨ ldrk] vr% 24oas v/;;u eas v\"VÁopu ekrk d¢ vUrxrZ Òk\"kk lfefr dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA iwoZ v/;;u esa oÆ.kr Áopu ekrk,a czãxq.k eas fLFkfr eqfu d¢ gh g¨rh gS] vr% bl 25osa v/;;u eas t;Ĩ\"k&fot;Ĩ\"k d¢ pfj= o.kZu }kjk lPps czkã.k d¢ xq.kkas d¨ Li\"V fd;k gSA czãxq.k lkekpkjh d¢ fcuk lE;d~ Ádkj ls vkjkf/kr ugÈ g¨rs gSa] vr% 26osa v/;;u esa lekpkjh dk o.kuZ gSA lkekpkjh ljyrk ls gh ikyh tk ldrh gS odzrk ls ugÈA ljyrk dk Kku odzrk d¢ Kku g¨us ij gh g¨rk gS] vr% bl 27osa v/;;u esa –\"VkUr iwoZd odrz k ¼'kBrk½ dk Lo:i crk;k gSA ljyrk d¨ vaxhdkj djus okys lk/kq d¨ e¨{kekxZ dh ÁkfIr lqyÒ g¨rh gS] vr% 28oas v/;;u eas e¨{kekxZxfr dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA Kku] n'kZu] pkfj= o ri bu pkjkas d¨ feykdj eqfä dk dkj.k dgk gS] ;s pkjkas gh laosx ls ysdj vderZ k rd 73 c¨y g¨rs gSa] bUgÈ d¨ fo'ks\"k :i ls ÁdV djus grs q 29oas v/;;u eas lE;DRo&ijkdez dh ppkZ dh xà gSA ri Òh e¨{k ekxZ gS ,oa ri ls futZjk g¨us ls vdeZdrk ÁkIr g¨rh gSA ;g vdeZdrk ri d¢ vkjk/kuk fd;s fcuk ugÈ g¨ ldrh] vr% ri d¢ Lo:i dk Òsn&ÁÒsn lfgr rFkk mld¢ Qy ikus okyksa dh xfr dk o.kZu 30oas ri¨ekxZ v/;;u esa fd;k x;k gSA ri¨·uq\"Bku pkfj='kkyh d¢ gh lQy g¨rk gS] vr% …ƒoas v/;;u eas pj.kfof/k dk o.kZu gqvk gSA pkfj= fof/k Áekn LFkku d¢ ifjgkj ls gh g¨rh gS] Áekn LFkku dk ifjgkj tho rc rd ugÈ dj ldrk tc rd mld¨ mldk ifjKku u g¨ tk;A fo\"k dk ifjR;kx fo\"kKku iow Zd gh g¨rk gS] vr% 31osa v/;;u eas pj.kfof/k dk o.kZu gqvk gSA pkfj= fof/k Áekn LFkku d¢ ifjgkj ls gh g¨rh gS] Áekn LFkku dk ifjgkj thou rc rd ugÈ dj ldrk tc rd mld¨ mldk Kku u g¨ tk;A fo\"k dk ifjR;kx fo\"kKku iwoZd gh g¨rk gS] vr% 32osa v/;;u eas Áekn LFkku dk o.kZu gqvk gSA Áekn LFkkuksa d¢ lsou ls tho deks± ls c) g¨ tkrk gSA ftu deks± ls og c) g¨rk gS mudh eyw Á—fr;k¡] mŸkjÁ—fr;k¡ fdruh gS\\ mudh fLFkfr fdruh gS\\ bldk lek/kku ikus d¢ fy, 33oas v/;;u esa deZÁ—fr dk o.kZu gSA deks± dh Á—fr o fLFkfr ys';kvksa d¢ lEcU/k ls ghukf/kd g¨rh gS] vr% 34oas v/;;u eas ys';kvkas dk o.kZu gSA Á'kLr&vÁ'kLr n¨ Ádkj dh ys';k,a gSaA vÁ'kLr dk R;kx dj Á'kLr d¨ /kkj.k djuk pkfg,A Á'kLr d¨ /kkj.k fÒ{kq xq.k dk /kkjd g¨xk ogh djsxk] vr% 35osa v/;;u eas fÒ{kq xq.k o.kZu gSA fÒ{kq d¢ xq.k mUgÈ O;fä;ksa }kjk vklsofr g¨ ldrs gSa t¨ tho&vtho d¢ Lo:i d¢ tkuus okys g¨rs gSa] vr% 36osa v/;;u eas thoktho dk foLrkj ls o.kZu gqvk gSA mŸkjk/;;u l=w dh fo\"k; oLrq • ÁFke v/;;u & fou; & ÁLrqr lw= dk ÁkjEÒ fou; ¼vgda kj 'kUw ;rk½ ls fd;k x;k gSA t¨ tuS n'kZu d¢ vk/;kfRed thou dh eyw Òwfedk gSA fou; dh i`\"BÒwfe ij gh Je.kkpkj vkSj Jkodkpkj dk fo'kky egy fVdk gqvk gSA fou; dk vFkZ iapkxa ;k lk\"Vkxa ueLdkj djuk ek= ugÈ gS oju~ fou; dk vFkZ gS & ^fo* fu\"ks/kkRed vFkZ eas] ^u;* dk vFkZ gS & vi{s kk] 'krZ] yxko] /kkj.kkA tgk¡ d¨Ã vi{s kk ugÈ] d¨Ã /kkj.kk ugÈ] d¨Ã yxko ugÈ] d¨Ã Áfrc)rk ugÈ] tgk¡ lk/kd bu lcls ijs g¨ ldrk gS] ogÈ ij ^fou;* g¨rk gSA

mŸkjk/;;u lw= % ,d ifj'khyu | 67 vkReKku gh Kku gS] 'ks\"k Kku oLrqr% ekufld {kerkvkas dk foykl ek= gS] eu¨jatu ek= gS] fo|k foykl gSA fo|k foykl d¨ Kku ugÈ dgk x;kA fo}rk fcuk fou; d¢ Òh vk ldrh gS] Kku ugÈA fo}ku g¨us d¢ fy,] tkudkj g¨us d¢ fy, xxw y dkQh gSA ysfdu Kku d¢ fy, xxw y dkQh ugÈ gSA Kku r¨ xq# d¢ lehi gh ÁkIr g¨rk gS vkSj xq# dk eryc O;fä g¨] ,slk Òh ugÈ gSA xq# dk vFkZ gS Ádk'k dk lz¨rA ysfdu mldh mifLFkfr mlh d¢ thou eas ÄfVr g¨xh t¨ fouez gqvk] t¨ >qdkA blfy, xq#nso f'k\"; d¨ loZ ÁFke fou; dk Lo:i crykrs gq, crkrs gSa fd fdl Ádkj f'k\"; d¨ xq#tu¨a d¢ le{k cSBuk] mBuk] c¨yuk] pyuk] mud¢ vuq'kklu eas jgdj KkuktuZ vkfn dk foosd j[kuk pkfg;sA vfouhr f'k\"; d¢ fy, lM+s dku¨a okyh dqŸkh ,oa lqvj dk mnkgj.k nsdj lÒh txg vuknj vkSj mld¢ nq%[knk;h Qy d¨ cryk;k x;kA ogÈ nwljh vkjs fouhr f'k\"; d¢ fy, bl v/;;u dh vfUre xkFkk esa nso] xU/koZ vkSj euq\";¨a ls iwftr 'kk'or flf) xfr dk ÁkIr g¨uk cryk;k gSA vr% x#q &f'k\";&lEcU/k tkus d¢ fy, ;g v/;;u cgqr gh mi;¨xh gSA n'koSdkfyd lw= dk u©oka v/;;u Òh fou;fo\"k;d gSA • nwljk v/;;u & ijh\"kg fot; & fou; dh ln~f'k{kk d¢ ckn nwljs v/;;u esa ijh\"kg fot; dk foops u gSA lk/kd thou esa Áo's k djus d¢ i'pkr~ vusd d\"V vkSj ijh\"kg vkrs gSaA mUgsa leÒko ls de¨± dh futZjk dk grs q le> dj lgu djuk gSA la;e d¨ j.kÒwfe dgk x;k gS] vr,o lk/kd d¨ lk/kuk iFk ij xfr djrs gq, vUrj cká ijh\"kg¨a d¢ vkus ij mUgsa leÒko d¢ lkFk laÄ\"kZ djrs gq,] vkxs c<+rs gq, lQyrk izkIr djuh gSA bl j.kÒwfe eas lQyrk ÁkIr djus okyk gh lPpk lk/kd dgykrk gSA • rhljk v/;;u & pkj ckr¨a dh nqyÒZ rk & bl v/;;u dk ÁkjEÒ ^pŸkkfj ijexa kf.k & nqYygk.khg tarq.k¨* ls gqvk gSA tho d¨ pkj ije vax vR;Ur nqyZÒ gS & euq\"; Òo] /keZ dk Jo.k] /keZ ij J)k vkjS la;e lk/kuk eas iq#\"kkFkZ] pkj xfr :i lalkj esa ekuo Òo dh ÁkfIr vR;Ur nqyZÒ gSA ekuo Òo fey tkus ij Òh vkxs dgs tkus okys dze'k% lq/keZ] ml ij iw.kZ J)k vkSj mld¢ i'pkr~ Òxoku dh vkKkuqlkj la;e lk/kuk cgqr gh dfBu gS] nqyZÒ gSA vr,o euq\"; Òo dh egŸkk d¨ le> dj ik;s gq, euq\"; Òo d¨ 'k\"s k rhu ckr¨a eas iq#\"kkFkZ dj lQy djuk pkfg;sA • p©Fkk v/;;u & thou vlaL—r & bl v/;;u dh 'kq:vkr gqà gS& thou dh {k.k Òaxqjrk ls & ^vla[k;a thfo; ek iek;,* vFkkZr~ thou laLdkj jfgr ;kuh {kf.kd gS] ,d ckj VwVus ij iqu% t¨M+k ugÈ tk ldrkA O;fä l¨prk gS vÒh r¨ ejs h ckY; vFkok] ;qokoLFkk gS] /keZ r¨ o`)koLFkk vkus ij dj yxwa kA ij mls irk ugÈ fd o)` koLFkk vk;xs h vFkok ugÈ\\ vr% /keZ dk;Z eas Áekn er djA lrr~ tkx:d jg dj /kekZpj.k djrs jguk pkfg,A t¨ tho /kekZpj.k fiNyh voLFkk d¢ fy, N¨M+ nsrk gS] og igys d¢ leku fiNyh voLFkk esa Òh /kekZpj.k ugÈ dj ldrkA vUr esa vk;q d¢ lekIr g¨us ij i'pkŸkki d¢ flok; dNq Òh gkFk ugÈ yxrk gSA vr% bl v/;;u esa vlaL—r :i ¼u'ojrk½ dk fp=.k g¨us ls bldk uke vlaL—r iM+k gSA • ikapoka v/;;u & ldke vdke ej.k & ÁR;ds tho d¢ thou d¢ lkFk e`R;q dk p¨yh nkeu dk lEcU/k gS] u pkgus ij Òh e`R;q fuf'pr gSA vr% thou d¨ thus d¢ lkFk&lkFk ej.k dh Òh dyk vkuk vko';d gSA t¨ tho ;g dyk tkurk gS] ogh gla rs&galrs ej.k d¨ oj.k dj ldrk gS vkSj mlh dk ej.k ldke ;kuh if.Mr ej.k dgk x;k gSA ldke ej.k foosd ;qDr

68 | vkbZ.,l.ts.,l&VªkatSDlUl] o’kZ&5] vad&3] tqykÃ&flracj] 2021 fo\"k;&d\"kk; ls jfgr lekf/k ;qDr g¨rk gSA ldke ej.k eas lk/kd 'kjhj vkjS vkRek d¨ fÒé ekurk gqvk e`R;q dk eg¨Rlo d¢ :i eas Lokxr djrk gSA mldk ,d ek= /;s; vius fut Lo:i d¨ ÁkIr djuk gSA D;¨fa d vkRek vfouk'kh] vtj&vej] fo'kq) pSrU; :i gSA tho us fo\"k;&d\"kk; d¢ vk/khu g¨dj r¨ vkt rd vuUr tUe ej.k fd;s gSaA vc Kku dk Ádk'k gqvk gSA vr% if.Mr & ldke ej.k ÁkIr dj thou d¨ lQy cuk ysuk pkfg,A • NBk v/;;u & {kqYyd fuxzZUFkh; & fuxzZUFk 'kCn tuS ijEijk dk ,d fof'k\"V 'kCn gS t¨ tSu lk/kq d¢ fy, Á;qDr g¨rk gSA xzUFk dk vFkZ xkBa g¨rk gSA tSu lk/kq vkH;Urj vkSj cká n¨u¨a xzfUFk;¨a ls eqDr g¨rk gAS jkx&}s\"k vkfn d\"kk; Òko vkH;Urj xzfUFk;k¡ gSaA bUgÈ vkH;Urj xzfUFk;¨a d¢ dkj.k cká xzfUFk;¨a dk tUe g¨rkA tSu lk/kq ogh g¨ ldrk gS t¨ bu xzfUFk;¨a ls jfgr g¨rk gSA bl v/;;u esa bldk lqUnj foops u fd;k x;k gSA • lkroka v/;;u & vkSjÒzh; & bl v/;;u eas ees us] dkfd.kh vkjS vkezÒ¨th jktk dk mnkgj.k nsdj cryk;k x;k gS fd bfUæ;¨a & dke Ò¨x d¢ o'khÒwr cuk gqvk ekuo vius veYw ; ekuo Òo d¨ gkj dj ckn esa Ĩj i'pkŸkki djrk gSA cky vKkuh tho ÁR;{k {kf.kd lq[k d¢ ihNs vuUr dky d¢ ujdkfn nxq Zfr;¨a d¨ laxzg dj ysrk gSA rqPN ekuoh; dkeÒ¨x¨a dh vklfä d¢ ihNs fnO; nso lq[k vkjS vuUr e¨{k d¢ lq[k¨a d¨ og Òwy tkrk gSA bl v/;;u eas blh dkj.k ÁÒq us v/keZ d¨ N¨M+ dj /kekZpj.k vkSj vklfä d¨ N¨M+dj vuklDr cuus dk mins'k Qjek;k gSA • vkBoka v/;;u & dkfiyh; & dz¨/k] eku] ek;k vkRek d¢ ,d&,d ln~xq.k dk uk'k djrk gS ij y¨Ò lÒh ln~xq.k¨a dk uk'k djrk gSA blh dkj.k y¨Ò d¨ uhfrdkj¨a us ^iki dk cki* dgk gSA bl v/;;u eas y¨Ò d¢ nq\"ifj.kke dk ltho fp=.k fd;k x;k gSA dfiy d¢oyh d¢ dFkkud d¢ ek/;e ls cryk;k x;k fd mld¢ vUrj eu esa y¨Ò dk Áokg bruk c<+k fd pkjeklk l¨us d¢ LFkku ij iwjk jkT; ysus ij Òh lUrqf\"V ugÈ gqÃA ij T;¨agh mudh ifjf.kfr cnyh fd os bu lc dk R;kx dj fuxzZUFk cu x;s vkSj d¢oyKku] d¢oyn'kZu d¨ ÁkIr fd;k rFkk ikpa l© Mkdqv¨a d¨ Áfrc¨/k fn;k ftlls os eqfu cusA ÁLrqr v/;;u eas lalkj dh vlkjrk] xzfUFkR;kx] lk/kuk d¢ vkpkj&fopkj vkfn ij Ádk'k Mkyk x;k gSA • uook¡ v/;;u & ufejktÆ\"k & fonsg ns'k dk jktk & ufejkt d¢ ÁozT;k dk fufeŸk cuk nkg&TojA nkg&Toj d¢ mi'keu d¢ fy, jkfu;¨a }kjk pUnu fÄlus ls jktk d¨ daxu¨a dh VdjkgV dh vkokt ls ons uk g¨us yxhA Qyr% jkfu;¨a us l©ÒkX; lwpd ,d&,d daxu vius gkFk¨a eas j[kdj 'k\"s k daxu mrkj fn;sA vkokt can g¨us ij jktk dk vuqÁs{kkRed fpUru pyk] ftld¢ dkj.k mUgsa tkfrLej.k Kku g¨ x;kA os vius iwoZÒo¨a d¨ ns[kus yxs vkSj ÁozT;k vaxhdkj djus dk fu.kZ; dj fy;kA ufejkt d¢ vdLekr~ jkT; R;kx dj Áozftr g¨us d¨ m|r tkudj nsojkt bUæ ckã.k dk :i /kkj.k dj mud¢ oSjkX; dh ijh{kk ysus gsrq mud¢ le{k mifLFkr gq, vkSj muls nl Á'u iwNs & ufejktÆ\"k }kjk mudk lqUnj lek/kku ikdj vius vlyh :i esa ÁdV gq,] mUgsa oUnu ueLdkj fd;kA mud¢ mŸke xq.k¨a dh Á'kla k djrs gq, vius fut LFkku d¨ pyk x;kA bl v/;;u eas ÁR;sd cq) ufejktÆ\"k d¢ x`gR;kx ls ÁozT;k rd dk lqUnj o.kZu gSA • nloka v/;;u & æqei=d & bl v/;;u esa ekuo thou dh nqyZÒrk ,oa {k.kÒaxqjrk] 'kjhj vkSj bfUæ;¨a dh /khjs&/khjs {kh.krk dk fnXn'kZu djkdj {k.kek= Òh Áekn ugÈ djuk& ;g ,d&n¨&rhu ckj gh ugÈ dgk] ÁR;rq NŸkhl ckj bl ckr d¨ n¨gjk;k x;k gAS bl v/;;u eas ;|fi ÁÒq us x©re Lokeh d¨ lEc¨f/kr fd;k] fdUrq x©re Lokeh r¨ pkj Kku] p©ng iwoZ d¢

mŸkjk/;;u lw= % ,d ifj'khyu | 69 Kkrk vÁeŸk lk/kd FksA mUgsa y{; djd¢ ge lalkjh y¨x¨a d¨ lrr~ /keZ vuq\"Bku eas tkxr` jgus dk mins'k fn;k gSA • X;kjgok¡ v/;;u & cgqJqr iwtk & ÁLrrq v/;;u eas cgqJqr d¢ xq.k¨a dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA t¨ vkxe¨a dk xgu vkSj ryLi'kÊ Kkrk g¨us d¢ lkFk Á—fr d¢ Òfæd] ljy] 'kkókFkZ eas ikjaxr] cgqfoK g¨A ÁFke n¨ xkFkkv¨a eas cgqJqrrk ÁkIr ugÈ g¨us d¢ dkj.k¨a dk fu:i.k fd;k gSA rRi'pkr~ cgqJrq rk ÁkfIr d¢ vkB dkj.k¨a ij Ádk'k Mkyk x;k gSA rnuUrj cgqJqrrk ÁkfIr d¢ ck/kd vfouhrrk dk mYys[k dj lqfouhr d¢ y{k.k fn;s x;s gSaA vUr eas cgqJr d¢ xq.k¨a dk fu:i.k djd¢ bldh QyJqfr e¨{k d¢ 'kk'or lq[k cryk;s x;s gSaA • ckjgok¡ v/;;u & gfjd¢'kh; & tSu n'kuZ d¢ vk/;kfRed vkjk/kuk eas tkfr] o.kZ vkfn dk d¨Ã cU/ku ugÈ gSA bl rF; dk mn~ÄkVu bl v/;;u ls g¨ tkrk gSA gfjd¢'k pk.Mky dqy eas mRié gq, Fks fdUrq la;e vkSj ri dh mŸke vkjk/kuk d¢ fnO; ÁÒko ls os nsorkv¨a d¢ }kjk oUnuh;] iwtuh; cu x;As bl v/;;u eas gfjd¢'k eqfu d¢ thou dk o.kZu dj fÒ{kk d¢ fy, czkã.k¨a dh ;K'kkyk eas tkus rFkk ogk¡ ;kfKd czkã.k¨a }kjk mUgsa viekfur djus ij mudh lsok eas jgus okys ;{k }kjk ;kfKd czkã.k¨a d¨ fu'psr djuk] ;kfKd czkã.k¨a }kjk {kek ekaxus ij eqfu }kjk mins'k fn;k tkuk] vkfn dk lqUnj o.kZu fd;k gSA • rsjgok¡ v/;;u & fpŸk laÒwr & bl v/;;u eas fpŸk vkSj laÒwr n¨u¨a Òkb;¨a d¢ fiNys Ng tUe¨a d¢ thou d¢ mrkj & p<+ko dh dgkuh gSA fpŸk vkSj laÒwr iwoZÒo esa Òkà FksA n¨u¨a la;e Lohdkj dj nsoy¨d eas x;sA ogk¡ ls podj fpŸk dk tho iqfjerky uxj eas lsB dk iq= gqvk vkSj nh{kk xzg.k dj eqfu cukA laÒwr dk tho czã jktk dk iq= czãnŸk pØorÊ cukA fpŸk dk tho t¨ eqfu cuk Fkk mlus czãnŸk pØorÊ d¨ lalkj dh vlkjrk crkdj eqfuozr vaxhdkj djus dh Ásj.kk dhA fdUrq czãnŸk us Ò¨x¨a esa vklä g¨us ls eqfu dh ckr ugÈ ekuhA vUrr% og nqxZfr dk egs eku cuk vkSj eqfu us 'kk'or lq[k¨a d¨ ÁkIr fd;sA • p©ngok¡ v/;;u & b\"kqdkfj; & bl v/;;u esa Ng egkiq#\"k¨a dk o.kZu gS vkSj ;g ÄVuk b\"kqdkjuxj dh gSA vf/kifr jktk dk uke b\"kqdkj g¨us ls bl v/;;u dk uke b\"kqdkjh; j[kk x;k gSA l©/keZ nsoy¨d ls podj Ng tho bl uxj esa mRié gq, & jktk b\"kqdkj] jkuh deykorh] Ò`xq ijq ¨fgr] mldh iRuh ;'kk rFkk n¨ iq= nsoÒæ vkSj ;'k¨ÒæA iqj¨fgr iq=¨a d¨ tuS eqfu;¨a d¨ ns[kus ls tkfr Lej.k Kku mRié gqvk vkSj os nh{kk ysus d¢ fy, rS;kj gq,A firkth us viuh oSfnd laL—fr d¢ vuqlkj vusd ;qfä;¨a ls mUgsa le>k;k] fdUrq iq=¨a d¢ vdkV~; mŸkj¨a ls firk fu:Ÿkj g¨ x;As vr% n¨u¨a iq=] ekrk&firk ,oa jkuh deykorh d¢ mn~c¨/ku ls jktk us c¨/k d¨ ÁkIr dj ÁoTz ;k xzg.k dhA bl Ádkj N% gh tho¨a us nh{kk xzg.k dj la;e ri dh mR—\"V vkjk/kuk dj e¨{k ÁkIr fd;kA • iUægok¡ v/;;u & lfÒ{kqd & bl v/;;u dh ÁR;ds xkFkk d¢ vUr esa ^lfÒD[kw* 'kCn vk;k gqvk gSA blfy, bl v/;;u dk uke ^lfÒ{kdq * j[kk x;k gSA bl v/;;u esa Äjckj ls jfgr t¨ fÒ{kk d¢ }kjk vkthfodk dk fuokZg djrk gS mldk la;eh thou fuckZ/k pys] vr% la;eh thou d¢ ck/kd rŸo¨a dk fu:i.k vkSj muls fujis{k jgdj lk/kd d¨ fdl Ádkj vkxs c<+uk bldk lqUnj ekxnZ 'kZu fn;k x;k gSA • l¨ygok¡ v/;;u & czãp;Z lekf/k & czãp;Z] lk/kd thou dh veYw ; fuf/k gSA vr,o mldh iw.kZ lqj{kk dSls g¨ ldrh gS\\ bl v/;;u eas bldk foLr`r o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA bldk ikyu djus okys d¨ dSls lq[k vkSj vkuUn dh vuqÒwfr g¨rh gS ;kor~ nso mud¢ pj.k¨a d¢ nkl cu

70 | vkbZ.,l.ts.,l&VªkatSDlUl] o’kZ&5] vad&3] tqykÃ&flracj] 2021 tkrs gSA bld¢ foijhr vcãz dk lsou djus okys d¨ nqxZfr dk egs eku cuuk iM+rk gSA bld¢ nq\"ifj.kke¨a dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA • lrjgok¡ v/;;u & iki Je.k & t¨ iw.kZ R;kx ojS kX; d¢ lkFk tSu ÁozT;k Lohdkj djus d¢ i'pkr~ dkykUrj eas Áekn] bfUæ; o'khÒwr] Áfr\"Bk] lq[k'khfy;kiu] x`gLFk¨a d¢ dk;¨± eas layXu vkfn vusd dkj.k¨a ls vius Loh—r egkozr¨a eas L[kyuk djrk gS] vkxedkj us mUgsa Je.k g¨rs gq, Òh ^iki Je.k* dgkA bl v/;;u eas fdu&fdu dkj.k¨a ls ikiJe.k cu tkrk] bldk fnXn'kZu djk dj lÒh Je.k&Jef.k;¨a d¨ ,ls h ikiJe.krk ls nwj jgus dk funs'Z k fn;k gSA • vBkjgok¡ v/;;u & lat;h; & bl v/;;u eas lat; jktk d¢ f'kdkjh thou dh xnZÒkfyeqfu d¢ lRlax ls dSlk ifjoruZ gqvk mldk lqUnj laokn d¢ :i esa foospu fd;k x;kA jktk eqfu d¢ mins'k ls Áozftr g¨ tkrs gSaA rRi'pkr~ mudk ¼lat;jktÆ\"k dk½ {kf=;eqfu ls ifjp; gqvkA {kf=; eqfu us lat;jktÆ\"k d¨ /keZ eas –<+ djus d¢ fy, Òjr vkfn nl pØorÊ t¨ e¨{k i/kkjs rFkk n'kk.kZÒæ] ufejkt] djd.Mq vkfn pkj ÁR;ds c)q ] mnk;u] fot;] dk'khjkt] egkcy vkfn chl egku O;fä;¨a d¢ R;kxe; thou dk fnXn'kuZ djk;kA bl v/;;u eas lat;jktÆ\"k d¢ dFkkud d¢ lkFk vusd egkiq#\"k¨a dh vokUrj dFkkv¨a dk leko's k gqvk gSA • méhlok¡ v/;;u & e`xki=q h; & lqxzhouxj d¢ jktk cyÒæ vkSj jkuh e`xkorh ds vkRet jktdqekj dk uke ;|fi ^cyJh* Fkk] fdUrq e`xk jkuh dk vkRet g¨us ls ^e`xkiq=* d¢ uke ls Áfl) gq,A ,d fnu jktdqekj vius >j¨[ks eas cSB dj uxj dh 'k¨Òk fugkj jgk FkkA ml le; mudh –f\"V jktekxZ ij tkrs gq, ,d egku rstLoh eqfu ij iM+hA mUgsa os VdVdh yxkdj ns[kus yxs] ftlls mUgsa tkfr Lej.k Kku g¨ x;kA tkfr Lej.k Kku ls mUgsa vius iwoZ Òo eas ikyk x;k la;e Le`fr eas vk x;kA rRi'pkr~ os rqjUr ekrk&firk d¢ ikl vk;s vkSj nh{kk dh vkKk ekaxhA ekrk&firk us la;e d¢ d\"V¨a d¨ crk;k ftldk e`xkiq=th us ;Fk¨fpr lek/kku fn;k vkSj nh{kk xzg.k dj d¢ mR—\"V la;e dh lk/kuk dj e¨{k d¨ ÁkIr fd;kA • chlok¡ v/;;u & egkfuxzZUFkh; & bl v/;;u dk uke egkfuxZzUFkh; gS fdUrq Áflf) eas ;g v/;;u vukFkh eqfu d¢ uke ls gSA D;¨fa d bl v/;;u eas eyw esa lukFkh d©u vkSj vukFkh d©u dk Lo:i le>k;k x;k gSA lalkjh y¨x /ku] oSÒo ,oa ifjokj ls ifjiw.kZ O;fDr d¨ lukFk ekurs gSa] D;¨fa d os ekurs gSa fd d\"V vkus ij ;s gekjh j{kk djus eas leFkZ g¨axsA ij Kkuh bls lukFk ugÈ ekurs D;¨fa d j¨xkfn ladV vkus ij Lotu] /ku] oSÒo vkfn mldh j{kk djus esa leFkZ ugÈ g¨ ldrs gSaA ÁR;qr mld¢ iwoZ—r 'kqÒk'kqÒ gh mls lukFk&vukFk cuk ldrs gSaA jktk Jsf.kd vkSj egkeqfu d¢ bl v/;;u esa lqUnj loa kn fn;k x;k gSA bruk gh ugÈ t¨ eqfu cudj vius xzg.k fd;s x;s ozr¨a dk ;Fkkfo/k ikyu ugÈ djrs g¨a] os Òh vukFk dh Js.kh eas gh vkrs gSaA • bDdhloka v/;;u & leqæikyh; & bl v/;;u eas eq[; :i ls rhu ckr¨a dk fu:i.k fd;k x;kA Jkod Òh vkxe d¢ xgu Kkrk g¨ ldrs gSaA nwljk] tho 'kqÒk'kÒq de¨± d¢ vuqlkj Qy ÁkIr d¨ ÁkIr djrk gS rFkk mR—\"V jRu=; dh vkjk/kuk dk Qy flf) gSA pEikuxjh eas fl)kUr¨a dk fu\".kkr Kkrk ¼d¨fon½ ikfyr uke dk Jkod jgrk FkkA ftldk O;kikj tyekxZ ls nwj ns'k¨a esa FkkA ,dckj og O;kikj d¢ fufeŸk ls figq.M uxj x;kA ogk¡ mld¢ xq.k¨a ls vk—\"V g¨dj ,d lsB us viuh dU;k dh 'kknh ikfyr Jkod ls dj nhA yEcs dky rd ogk¡ jgus d¢ ckn ikfyr Jkod viuh xÒZorh iRuh d¨ ysdj leqæekxZ ls vius ns'k y©V jgk Fkk fd tgkt eas gh mudh iRuh us iq= d¨ tUe ns fn;kA rnulq kj mldk uke leqæiky j[kkA ;©ou o; ÁkIr g¨us ij leqæiky dk fookg dj fn;k x;kA ,d le;

mŸkjk/;;u lw= % ,d ifj'khyu | 71 leqæiky >j¨[ks eas cSBs gq, Fks] lglk mudh –f\"V ,d p¨j ij iM+h ftls o/k Òwfe dh vkjs ys tk;k tk jgk FkkA mls ns[kdj de¨± d¢ 'kqÒk'kqÒ Qy ij vkidk fpUru pyk vkSj laoxs Òko d¨ ÁkIr gq,A vUr¨xRok nh{kk vaxhdkj dj mR—\"V la;e dk ikyu djd¢ flf)xfr d¨ ÁkIr fd;kA • ckÃloka v/;;u&jFkusfe;&bl v/;;u eas Òxoku vfj\"Vusfe d¢ tUe&ckY;dky&lxkÃ&fookg dh rS;kjh d¢ lkFk&lkFk tho¨a d¢ Áfr n;k&d#.kk vkfn dk ltho fp=.k fd;k x;k gSA ckjkfr;¨a d¢ Ò¨t d¢ fufeŸk ls ckM+s eas can edw i'kqv¨a d¨ ns[kdj fojä gksuk] nh{kk vaxhdkj djuk ,oa jkterh }kjk vius ifr d¢ ekxZ ij pyuk vkfn vusd vkn'kZ rF;¨a dk bl v/;;u eas fu:i.k fd;k x;k gSA lkFk gh jFkusfe d¢ fodkj ;qDr eu d¨ jkterh lrh d¢ lp¨V lqÒkf\"kr opu fdl Ádkj la;e eas fLFkj dj nsrs gSa] bldk lqUnj Lo:i Òh bleas cryk;k x;k gSA lrh jkterh d¢ lqÒkf\"kr opu iFk•z\"V lk/kd¨a d¢ fy, ;qx¨&a ;qx¨a rd Ásj.kkLÁn jgasxsA • rsbloka v/;;u&d¢f'k&x©reh;&bl v/;;u esa d¢'khdqekj Je.k dk x.k/kj x©re d¢ lkFk lk/kuk lEcU/kh laokn ÁLrqr fd;k x;k gSA d¢'khdqekj Je.k Òxoku ik'oZukFk dh larkuh; ijEijk d¢ lar FksA ,dckj os vius f'k\"; leqnk; d¢ lkFk JkoLrh uxjh d¢ frUnqd m|ku esa i/kkjsA m/kj Òxoku egkohj dh ijEijk d¨s x.k/kj x©re Lokeh vius f'k\"; leqnk; d¢ lkFk JkoLrh uxjh d¢ d¨\"Bd m|ku eas i/kkjsA Òxoku ik'oZukFk vkSj Òxoku~ egkohj dh ijEijkv¨a eas dqN vkpkj Òsn FkkA tc n¨u¨a ijEijk d¢ lar ijLij feys r¨ vkpkj Òsn ns[kdj vius&vius xq#v¨a d¢ le{k 'kda k,a ÁLrqr dhA bldk lek/kku djus d¢ fy, x©re Lokeh vius f'k\";¨a d¢ lkFk frUndq m|ku eas i/kkjsA d¢'khdqekj Je.k }kjk Á'u iwNs tkus ij x©re Lokeh us mudk ;Fk¨fpr lek/kku fd;kA lÒh Á'u¨Ÿkj vk/;kfRed –f\"V ls ân;axe djus ;¨X; gSAa • p©chloka v/;;u&Áopu ekrk&bl v/;;u eas lk/kq d¢ ikpa lfefr o rhu xfq Ir d¢ ikyu d¢ fof/k&fo/kku dk fu:i.k fd;k x;kA ftl Ádkj ekrk viuh larku dk ikyu&i¨\"k.k laj{k.k] lao)Zu djrh gS] mlh Ádkj la;eh lk/kd¨a d¢ thou j{k.k d¢ fy, ikap lfefr o rhu xqfIr dk ikyu ekrk d¢ l–'; gSA budk ikyu la;eh thou d¨ lqjf{kr gh ugÈ j[krk ÁR;qr mldk lao)Zu vkjS laj{k.k Òh djrk gSA budk ;Fkkfo/k ikyu djus okyk lk/kd prqxZfr :i lalkj eas ifj•ze.k ls loZFkk eqDr g¨dj iape e¨{k xfr d¨ ÁkIr dj ysrk gSA • iPphloka v/;;u & ;Kh; & bl v/;;u esa æO; ;K vkSj Òko;K dk Lo:i cryk;k x;k gSA okjk.klh uxjh esa t;Ĩ\"k vkSj fot;Ĩ\"k uke d¢ n¨ Òkà jgrs FksA ,d le; t;Ĩ\"k xaxk unh esa Luku djus x;kA ogk¡ mlus ,d Álax d¨ ns[kk ftlls mls laoxs Òko mRié gqvk vkSj mUg¨ua s tSu ÁozT;k vaxhdkj dj yhA fdlh le; fopj.k djrs gq, vki okjk.klh uxjh eas i/kkjsA ekl[ke.k23 d¢ ikj.ks d¢ fy, Äqers gq, vki vius Òkà fot;Ĩ\"k dh ;K 'kkyk eas igq¡psA vkid¢ —'k 'kjhj d¢ dkj.k fot;Ĩ\"k vkid¨ igpku ugÈ ik;k vkSj fÒ{kk d¢ fy, euk dj fn;kA rnqijkUr eqfu ls 'kkUr Òko ls æO; ;K vkSj Òko ;K dk Lo:i le>k;kA æO; ;K d¨ egku Çglk dk dkj.k le> dj fot;Ĩ\"k us Òh nh{kk vaxhdkj dj yhA n¨u¨a Òkà 'kq) la;e dk ikyu djd¢ e¨{k xfr d¨ ÁkIr fd;kA • NCchloka v/;;u & lekpkjh & bl v/;;u esa la;eh lk/kd dh vkpkj lafgrk dk o.kuZ fd;k x;k gSA vFkkZr~ fnu vkSj jkr d¢ 24 Ä.Vs eas la;eh lk/kd d¨ d©u&d©u lh fdz;k dc djuh 23 ,d ekl vFkkZr~ yxkrkj 30 fnu rd pkSfogkj vFkok frfogkj ¼vfpÙk@ikz lqd ikuh xzg.k djrs gq,½ miokl djus dks ekl[ke.k dgk tkrk gSA

72 | vkbZ.,l.t.s ,l&VªkatSDlUl] o’kZ&5] vad&3] tqykÃ&flracj] 2021 pkfg, ftlls mldh lk/kuk iq\"V g¨A bl v/;;u eas oÆ.kr lekpkjh dh lE;d~ vkjk/kuk djus okyk lk/kd vkjk/kd g¨dj 'khÄz gh lalkj leqæ d¨ ikj dj ysrk gSA • lŸkkÃloka v/;;u&[kyqadh; & bl v/;;u eas fou; vkSj vuq'kklu d¨ la;eh thou dk egŸoiw.kZ vax cryk;k gSA t¨ f'k\"; vfouhr vkSj vuq'kklu ghu g¨rs gSa] os vkxs pydj LoPNUn&mPN`a[ky cudj la;e ls Òz\"V rd g¨ tkrs gSaA xxkZpk;Z ,d egku vkpk;Z g¨us d¢ lkFk&lkFk 'kkó&fo'kkjn vkSj la;e d¢ lÒh xq.k¨a ls lEié FksA fdUrq mud¢ lÒh f'k\"; vfouhr] mÌ.M ,oa vkylh FksA vkpk;ZJh d¢ ckj&ckj le>kus ij Òh ugÈ ekus r¨ os viuh vkjk/kuk d¢ fy, f'k\";¨a d¨ N¨M+dj vd¢ys gh fopj.k djus yxAs okLro eas tc vkRekFkÊ lk/kd d¨ viuh la;e lekf/k Òax g¨rh gqà utj vkrh g¨ r¨ mls vius f'k\";¨a dk e¨g R;kx dj ,dkUr lk/kuk esa yhu g¨ tkuk pkfg,A ;g Ásj.kk bl v/;;u ls feyrh gSA • vÎkÃloka v/;;u&e¨{k ekxZ xfr & la;eh lk/kd dk vfUre y{; e¨{k ÁkfIr g¨rk gSA ml lk/; dh ÁkfIr d¢ fy, fdu&fdu lk/ku¨a dk vkyEcu mls ysuk vko';d g¨rk gS] bldk fu:i.k bl v/;;u esa fd;k x;k gSA bl v/;;u eas e¨{k ÁkfIr d¢ pkj eq[; lk/ku cryk;s x;s gSa&lE;XKku] lE;Xn'kZu] lE;d~pkfj= vkSj lE;d~riA bu lk/ku¨a dh ;qxin~ lk/kuk&vkjk/kuk ls lk/kd vius pje y{; d¨ ÁkIr dj ldrk gSA • murhlok¡ v/;;u & lE;DRo ijkØe & ijkØe dk vFkZ gS 'kfDr lkeF;Z ;k {kerkA tho us viuh 'kfDr&lkeF;Z dk mi;¨x r¨ pkj¨a xfr;¨a esa vuUr ckj fd;kA fdUrq og lc vKku n'kk eas myVk iq#\"kkFkZ gh fd;k ftlls og vius y{; ¼e¨{k½ d¨ ÁkIr ugÈ dj ldkA bl v/;;u esa ‰… c¨y¨a d¢ ek/;e ls lE;d~ iq#\"kkFkZ dk Lo:i cryk;k x;k gSA ,d&,d lw= vkRekFkÊ lk/kd d¢ fy, vrho Ájs d gSA bu ryLi'kÊ lw=¨a dh ;FkkFkZ lk/kuk lk/kd d¨ vius vfUre y{; e¨{k d¨ ÁkIr djk ldrh gSA • rhloka v/;;u & ri¨ekxZ & lE;d~ri dh vkjk/kuk ls lk/kd dj¨M+ Òo¨a d¢ lafpr de¨± d¨ {k; dj ldrk gSA ysfdu ri dSlk g¨\\ bld¢ fy, cryk;k x;k gS fd t¨ ri le> iwoZd g¨] mldk Lo:i le> dj eu vkSj bfUæ;¨a d¨ vuq'kkflr dj ,dkUr de¨± dh futZjk d¢ fy, fd;k tk; ogh ri gh lE;d~ ri dh d¨fV eas vkrk gSA uke] dkeuk] Áflf) fdlh Ò©frd ykylk vkfn d¢ funku :i fd;k x;k ri feF;k ri gSA ,ls k ri e¨{k ekxZ eas lgk;d ugÈ g¨rk gSA bl v/;;u eas lE;d~ri dk Lo:i rFkk ri d¢ cká vkSj vkH;Urj Òsn¨a dk lqUnj fu:i.k fd;k x;k gSA • bdrhlok¡ v/;;u & pj.k fof/k & la;eh lk/kd d¢ fy, la;e vFkkZr~ pkfj= dk ikyu lc dqN g¨rk gSA blesa tjk&lh L[kyuk mld¢ vk/;kfRed thou d¨ u\"V&•z\"V djus okyh fl) g¨ ldrh gSA pkfj= d¢ vusd vax gSa & ikap egkozr] ikpa lfefr] rhu xqfIr] nlfo/k Je.k /keZ] d\"kk; fot;] ijh\"kg fot; vkfnA budk Òxoku dh vkKkuqlkj ;Fkkfo/k ikyu djuk gh la;e gSA bl v/;;u eas rsrhl c¨y¨a d¢ ek/;e ls gs;] Ks; vkSj mikns; d¨ le> dj pkfj= i¨\"kd xq.k¨a esa Áo`fŸk djus dh fof/k crykà xà gSA • cŸkhlok¡ v/;;u & Áekn LFkku & lkekU; :i ls Áekn dk vFkZ vlko/kkuh] vkRetkx`fr dk vÒko fy;k tkrk gSA fdUrq bl v/;;u eas lk/kd d¨ la;e ikyu esa lgk;dÒwr 'kjhj] bfUæ;] eu] oó midj.k vkfn dk lE;d~ Ádkj ls mi;¨x ugÈ djus d¨ Áekn LFkku eas fy;k x;k gSA ÁkIr lk/ku¨a dk mi;¨x djus esa fdu&fdu ckr¨a dh lko/kkuh j[kuh pkfg,] bldk fu:i.k bl v/;;u esa fd;k x;k gSA t¨ lk/kd vKku] e¨g] jkx&}s\"k vkfn d¢ o'k g¨dj ÁkIr lk/ku¨a

mŸkjk/;;u lw= % ,d ifj'khyu | 73 dk nq#i;¨x djrk gS vFkkZr~ iki deZ d¢ cU/k dh ijokg ugÈ djrk] mUgsa Áekn LFkku eas dgk x;k gSA lk/kd d¨ Áekn LFkku¨a ls lrr cpus dk bl v/;;u esa funsZ'k fn;k gSA • rsrhlok¡ v/;;u & deZ Á—fr & vU; n'kuZ Ã'oj d¨ txr~ dk dŸkkZ ekurs gSaA tcfd tSu n'kZu tho d¨ Lo;a deZ dk dŸkkZ vkjS Ò¨Drk ekurk gSA ;g tSu n'kZu dh vU; n'kZu¨a ls e©fyd fÒérk gSA tho Lo;a vuUr 'kfä dk iqat gS] og ;fn lE;d~ iq#\"kkFkZ djs r¨ leLr de¨± d¨ {k; djd¢ 'kq)re ¼e¨{k½ voLFkk d¨ ÁkIr dj ldrk gSA bl v/;;u eas de¨± dh eyw ,oa mŸkj Á—fr;¨a dk Lo:i cryk dj] mud¢ cU/k d¢ dkj.k rFkk Qy dk xgjkà ls fo'ys\"k.k fd;k x;k gSA • p©rhlok¡ v/;;u & ys';k & bl v/;;u eas eu] opu] dk;k d¢ 'kqÒk'kqÒ ifj.kke¨a ;k Áo`fŸk;¨a ls vujq aftr g¨us okys fopkj¨a d¨ ys';k dgk x;k gSA tho d¢ eu] opu] dk;k dh Áo`fŸk d¢ vuqlkj vkRe&ifj.kfr curh gS vkSj tSlh vkRek dh 'kqÒk'kqÒ ifj.kfr g¨rh gS rnuq:i eu] opu] dk;k dh Áo`fŸk g¨rh gSA bu n¨u¨a eas dk;Z&dkj.k lEcU/k gSA bl ifj.kfr d¨ vkxfed Òk\"kk eas ys';k ¼æO;&Òko½ dgk x;k gSA ys';k d¢ vuqlkj gh tho d¢ de¨± dk cU/k g¨rk gSA bl v/;;u esa fofÒé ys';kv¨a dk X;kjg }kj d¢ ek/;e ls O;ofLFkr fu:i.k fd;k x;k gSA • iSarhlok¡ v/;;u & vuxkj ekxZ xfr & ftl lk/kd us x`gLFk /keZ dk R;kx dj loZfojfr vuxkj /keZ Lohdkj fd;k gS] mls vius vuxkj /keZ dk iw.kZ fu\"Bk ls ikyu djuk pkfg,A ;fn vuxkj /keZ vaxhdkj djd¢ Òh t¨ vxkj ¼x`gLFk½ /keZ lEcU/kh lÒh ckr¨a dk R;kx ugÈ djrk gS] r¨ og lPpk la;eh lk/kd ugÈ dgk tk ldrkA bl v/;;u esa vuxkj /keZ dk ;Fkkfo/k ikyu djus dk Lo:i cryk dj mld¢ Qy dk fu:i.k fd;k x;k gSA • NŸkhlok¡ v/;;u & thoktho foÒfDr & lalkj eas eq[; n¨ gh rŸo gSa & tho vkjS vthoA bud¢ la;¨x vkSj fo;¨x ls gh 'ks\"k lkr rŸo¨a dk ÁknqÒkZo vkSj vÒko g¨rk gSA vr,o lk/kd d¨ bu n¨ rŸo¨a dh xgu tkudkjh g¨uk ije vko';d gSA n'koSdkfyd lw= ¼4-13½ eas cryk;k x;k gS fd t¨ lk/kd tho&vtho d¢ Lo:i d¨ Òyh Òkafr ugÈ tkurk gS] og la;e dk 'kq) ikyu ugÈ dj ldrk gSA tho d¢ lkFk vtho ¼de¨±½ dk la;¨x vukfn vuUr dky ls gSA ;g la;¨x gh lalkj dk ewy gSA ftl fnu tho d¢ lkFk vtho dk lEcU/k loZFkk NwV tkosxkA ml fnu tho dk lalkj ifjÒze.k lekIr g¨ tkosxkA bl v/;;u esa tho vkSj vtho d¢ Lo:i dk foLr`r :i ls fu:i.k fd;k x;k gSA mŸkjk/;;u l=w ls ÒzkUr ekU;rkvksa dk fujkdj.k24 vkxedkyhu ;qx esa Òh lekt eas vusd Ádkj dh ÒzkUr vkjS feF;k /kkj.kkvkas dk Ápyu FkkA ftlls tuekul •zfer g¨ jgk FkkA tc rd fdlh Òh 'kda k dk mfpr lek/kku ÁkIr ugÈ g¨rk gS] rc rd eu mUgsa N¨M+us d¨ rS;kj ugÈ g¨rk gSA vr% vkxedkjksa us Ápfyr feF;k /kkj.kkas dk fujkd.k ÁLrrq vkxe d¢ ek/;e ls fd;k gSA tSls( • thou laL—r gS] VwVs gq, thou d¨ oS|] nso ;k Òxoku dh —ik ls t¨M+k tk ldrk gSA bldk fujkdj.k ^vla[k;a thfo;a ek iek;,* ¼v- 4-1½ d¢ ek/;e ls fd;k gSA 24 mŸkjk/;;u lw= ¼Òkx ƒ½] ^^ÁLrkouk^^] lE;XKku Ápkjd e.My] t;iqj] 2015A

74 | vkbZ.,l.ts.,l&VªkatSDlUl] o’kZ&5] vad&3] tqykÃ&flracj] 2021 • /keZ c<q +kis eas fd;k tkuk pkfg,A bldk fujkdj.k ^tj¨o.kh;Ll gq ufRFk rk.k*a ¼v- 4-1½ d¢ ek/;e ls fd;k gSA • /ku =k.k :i gSA bldk fujkdj.k ^foŸks.ka rk.ka u yÒs ieŸk*s ¼v- 4-5½ d¢ ek/;e ls fd;k gSA • fd, gq, deks± dk Qy ;gk¡ ugÈ ijy¨d eas feyrk gS ;k ugÈ feyrk gSA bldk fujkdj.k ^dMk.k dEek.k u e¨D[k vfRFk* ¼v- 4-3½ d¢ ek/;e ls fd;k gSA • ,d O;fä vU; y¨xksa d¢ fy, d¨Ã deZ djrk gS r¨ mldk Qy os lc feydj Ò¨xrs gSaA bldk fu\"ks/k ^dEeLl rs rL; m os;dkys] u ca/kok ca/ko;a mosfa r* ¼v- 4-4½ d¢ ek/;e ls fd;k gSA • lk/kuk d¢ fy, xq# ;k laÄ vkfn fo?u gS] vd¢ys gh Loar= :i ls lk/kuk djuh pkfg,A bldk fujkdj.k ^Nana fuj¨gs.k mosb e¨D[k*a ¼v- 4-8½ d¢ ek/;e ls fd;k gSA • vafre le; eas vÁeŸk g¨dj /kekZjk/kuk dj ysxa s] vÒh D;k 'khÄrz k g\\S bldk ^,l¨oek lkl;okb;k.ka* ¼v- 4-9½ d¢ ek/;e ls fujkdj.k fd;k gS] D;kafs d ikuh d¢ cqycqys d¢ leku ftldh vk;q vfuf'pr o {k.kÒaxqj gS] os thou d¢ vafre le; esa /kekZjk/kuk dj ldxsa ]s bldh D;k xkj.Vh gSA • ikiksa dk R;kx fd;s fcuk gh d¢oy ek=Kku ls eqfä g¨rh gSA bldk fujkdj.k ^ok;kohfj;esŸk.s k] leklklsfa r vIi;^a ¼6-10½ d¢ ek/;e ls fd;k gSA D;kasfd e¨{k d¢ fy, iq#\"kkFkZ ugÈ djus okys] ok.kh dh ohjrk ls gh vius vkid¨ vk'oklu nsrs jgrs gSaA • Ák;% y¨x czkã.kkas d¨ Ò¨tu djkuk] nku nsuk vkfn d¨ Js\"B ekurs gSaA bldk fu\"ks/k ^rLlkfo late¨ lsvk]s vÇnrLl fo Çdp.k* ¼v- 9-40½ d¢ ek/;e ls fd;k x;k gSA D;ksafd Áfrekg nl yk[k xk;ksa d¢ nku nsus okys ls Òh funkZs\"k la;e dh vkjk/kuk djus okyk la;eh Js\"B gSA vr% nku ls la;e Js\"B gSA • x`gLFkkJe eas jgdj gh /kekZjk/kuk dh tk ldrh gS] nh{kk ysus dh D;k vko';drk gS\\ bldk fujkdj.k ^.k l¨ lqvD[kk; /kEeLl] dya vXÄb l¨yÇl* ¼v- 9-44½ d¢ ek/;e ls fd;k gSA D;kasfd eghus&eghus d¢ ri djus okyk vKkuh eqfu /keZ dh l¨ygoÈ dyk d¢ Òh cjkcjh ugÈ dj ldrkA mŸkjk/;;u l=w dh Òk\"kk 'kSyh lkfgR; lekt dk niZ.k g¨rk gS] rnuqlkj mŸkjk/;;u eas rRdkyhu lekt ,oa laL—fr vkfn dk Òh i;kZIr lekos'k gqvk gSA fofo/k Ádkj d¢ laoknk]sa Árhdks]a miekvksa] lqÒkf\"krksa vkfn d¢ Á;¨x ls bleas j¨pdrk vk xà gSA lkFk gh Òk\"kk&'kSyh dh –f\"V ls mŸkjk/;;u dk egŸoiw.kZ LFkku gSA Òk\"kk'kkfó;kas dh –f\"V ls mŸkjk/;;u dh Òk\"kk vR;Ur Ákphu gSA Òk\"kk vkSj fo\"k; dh Ákphurk dh – f\"V ls leLr vax vkSj vaxcká vkxe&lkfgR; eas vkpkjkax vkSj lw=—rkxa dh Òk\"kk d¢ ckn rhljs LFkku ij mŸkjk/;;u dk uke fxuk;k tkrk gS ¼mŸkjk/;;u lw= % ,d ifj'khyu] i`- 40&41½A Òk\"kk 'kSyh dh –f\"V ls bleas lkfgfR;d xq.k Òh e©twn gSA bls d¢oy uhjl vkSj 'k\"q d lkfgR; ugÈ dgk tk ldrk gS D;kasfd bldh Òk\"kk&'kSyh lkfgfR;d] ljy] uSlÆxd] mins'kkRed] – \"VkUr&vyadkjcgqy vkSj lqÒkf\"krkRed gSA vr% ÁLrqr vkxe Òko] Òk\"kk vkjS 'kSyh dh –f\"V ls egŸoiw.kZ gSA blesa ljy ,oa ljl i|ksa eas vkSj dgÈ ij x| eas Òh /keZ] n'kZu] v/;kRe] ;¨x vkSj /;ku dk lqUnj fu:i.k fd;k x;k gSA

mŸkjk/;;u lw= % ,d ifj'khyu | 75 mŸkjk/;;u l=w dk O;k[;klkfgR; ikfy&f=fiVd ij fy[kh xà vÎdFkkvkas d¢ leku gh tuS vkxe lkfgR; ij Òh dkykUrj eas foiqy O;k[;k &lkfgR; fy[kk x;k gSA ljl dFkukd] ljl&laokn vkSj ljl&jpuk&'kSyh d¢ dkj.k vax vkSj vaxcká&xUz Fkkas eas mŸkjk/;;u dh y¨dfÁ;rk lokZf/kd jgh gSA bld¢ egŸo vkSj y¨dfÁ;rk d¢ dkj.k bl ij vi{s kk—r vf/kd O;k[;kRed lkfgR; feyrk gSA orZeku le; eas fgUnh] xqtjkrh] vaxzsth vkfn Òk\"kkv¨a eas Òh mŸkjk/;;u lw= dk foospu miyC/k gSA mŸkjk/;;u lw= ij eq[; :i ls fy[ks x;s O;k[;kRed lkfgR; d¨ ikap foÒkxkas eas foÒä dj ldrs gSa& 1- fu;qZfä] 2- Òk\";] 3- pÆw .k] 4- o`fr ¼Vhdk½] 5- Lrcd ¼VCck½A 1. fu;qZfDr & fu;qZfDr] ;g vkxekas ij lcls igyh vkSj Ákphu O;k[;k ekuh tkrh gSA fu;qZfDr dk lkekU; vFkZ O;k[;k gSA lw= v©j vFkZ dk ;¨x ;k vFkZ cSBkus d¨ ;qfä dgrs gSa v©j fu'p;iwoZd ;k vf/kdrk ¼foLrkj½ iwoZd vFkZ dk lE;d~ fu:i.k fu;qZfDr gSA vFkok fu;qZDr vFk¨± dh ;qfDr ¼fu;qZDr&;qfDr½ gh fu;qZfDr gS] vFkkZr~ lw=¨a eas gh ijLij lEc) vFk¨± ls ;qfDr djuk fu;qZfDr gS vFkok lw= eas fu'p; fd;k gqvk vFkZ ftlesa fuc) g¨ mls fu;qZfä dgrs gSaA fu;qZfä dh mi;¨fxrk ;g gS fd lfa {kIr vkSj i|c) g¨us d¢ dkj.k ;g lkfgR; lqxerk d¢ lkFk d.BLFk fd;k tk ldrk FkkA fu;qZfä i| :i g¨rh gS bueas Ák;% vk;kZ NUn Á;¨x g¨rk gS] budh Òk\"kk Ák—r gh g¨rh gSA ÃLoh lu~ dh ikpa oÈ&NBh 'krkCnh d¢ iwoZ gh fu;qZfä;k¡ fy[kh tkus yxh FkÈA fu;qZfDrdkj vkpk;Z Òæckgq us nl fu;qZfä;k¡ fy[kh gSa] ftuesa mŸkjk/;;u fu;qZfä Òh gSA bleas Ák—rÒk\"kk eas fuc) 559 xkFkk,¡ gSaA mŸkjk/;;u d¢ xq#&ijEijkxr vFkZ d¨ le>us d¢ fy, ;g fu;qZfä cgqr gh egŸoiw.kZ gSA blhfy, ;g mŸkjorÊ lÒh Vhdk xUz Fkkas dh vk/kkjfÒfŸk jgh gSA bleas fo\"k; d¨ Li\"V djus d¢ fy, dgÈ&dgÈ –\"VkUr vkSj dFkkudkas dk Òh Á;¨x fd;k x;k gSA loZÁFke mŸkjk/;;u 'kCn dh ifjÒk\"kk djrs gq, ^mŸkj* in dk uke] LFkkiuk] æO;] {ks=] fn'kk] rki{ks=] ÁKkid] Áfr] dky] lap;] Á/kku] Kku] dze] x.kuk vkjS Òko bu iUæg fu{ksikas ls fpUru fd;k gSA mŸkj dk vFkZ dze¨Ÿkj fd;k gSA ^v/;;u* in dh uke] LFkkiuk] æO; vkSj Òko bu pkj }kjksa ls O;k[;k dh gSA Jqr vkSj LdU/k d¨ le>k;k x;k gSA xfy vkSj vkdh.kZ dk – \"VkUr nsdj f'k\";kas dh n'kk dk o.kZu fd;k gSA dfiy vkSj ufe dk mYys[k gSA bleas f'k{kkÁn dFkkudkas dh cgqyrk gSA ej.k dh O;k[;k d¢ Álax ij l=g Ádkj d¢ ej.k dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA bl fu;qZfä eas xU/kkj Jkod] LFkwyÒæ] dkyd] djd.Mw vkfn dk thou o`ŸkkUr Òh gSA jktx`g d¢ oSÒkj vkfn iorZ kas dk mYys[k Òh miyC/k g¨rk gSA 2. Òk\"; & fu;Zqfä;¨a eas eyw xzaFk eas t¨ fo\"k; oÆ.kr g¨rk gS] mld¢ vykok vU; fo\"k; d¨ ugÈ le>k;k tkrk gS] lkFk gh oÆ.kr fo\"k; x<w + v©j laf{kIr g¨rk gSA vr% fu;qZfä;¨a d¢ xEÒhj jgL;¨a d¨ ÁdV djus d¢ fy, iwokZpk;¨± us foLrkj ls Ák—r Òk\"kk esa t¨ i|kRed O;k[;k,¡ fy[kÈ mu O;k[;kv¨a d¨ Òk\"; dgrs gSaA Òk\";¨a dk le; lkekU;r% ÃLoh lu~ dh yxÒx p©Fkh&ikapoÈ 'krkCnh ekuk tk ldrk gSA eq[; :i ls ftuÒæxf.k v©j laÄnklxf.k Òk\";dkj d¢ :i eas Áfl) gSaA

76 | vkbZ.,l.t.s ,l&VªkatSDlUl] o’kZ&5] vad&3] tqykÃ&flracj] 2021 ftl Ádkj ÁR;sd vkxe ij fu;qZfä dh jpuk ugÈ gqÃ] mlh Ádkj ÁR;ds vkxe ij Òk\"; Òh ugÈ fy[kk x;kA fuEufyf[kr nl vkxe&xzaFk¨a ij Òk\"; fy[ks x;s gSa & 1- vko';d] 2- n'koSdkfyd] 3- mŸkjk/;;u] 4- c`gRdYi] 5- iapdYi] 6- O;ogkj] 7- fu'khFk] 8- thrdYi] 9- v¨Äfu;qZfä] 10- fi.Mfu;qZfDrA mŸkjk/;;u Òk\"; ij ,d yÄq Òk\"; Òh fy[kk x;k gSA fdUrq orZeku eas ;g Lora= xzUFk d¢ :i eas miyC/k ugÈ g¨rk gSA ,ls h laÒkouk dh tkrh gS fd bldh xkFkk,¡ mŸkjk/;;u fu;qZfDr eas lEefyr g¨ xà gaAS bleas c¨fVd dh mRifŸk dk o.kZu djrs gq, iqykd] cdq'k] dq'khy] fuxZzUFk vkSj Lukrd bu ik¡p Ádkj d¢ fuxzZUFkksa dk Lo:i cryk;k x;k gSA 3. pwÆ.k & fu;qZfä v©j Òk\"; dh jpuk d¢ ckn tuS kpk;¨± us vkxe¨a ij x|kRed O;k[;k lkfgR; fy[kkA ;g lkfgR; 'kq) Ák—r eas v©j laL—r fefJr Ák—r eas fy[kk x;k gS] t¨ vkt pÆw .klkfgR; d¢ uke ls Áfl) gSA vFkZ dh cgqyrk g¨] egku~ vFkZ g¨] grs q] fuikr v©j milxZ ls t¨ ;äq g¨] xaÒhj g¨] vusd in¨a ls lefUor g¨] ftlesa vusd xe g¨a v©j t¨ u;¨a ls 'kq) g¨] mls pÆw .k dgk tkrk gSA pÆw .k;¨a eas Ák—r dh y©fdd] /kkÆed vkfn vusd dFkk,¡ Òh ÁkIr g¨rh gSaA pwÆ.k;ksa dh Òk\"kk ljy vkSj lqc¨/; g¨rh gSA fuEufyf[kr pwÆ.k;k¡ miyC/k gSa & vkpkjkax pÆw .k] lw=—rkax pÆw .k] O;k[;kÁKfIr pwÆ.k] dYi pÆw .k] O;ogkj pÆw .k] fu'khFk pÆw .k] iapdYi pÆw .k] n'kkJqrLda/k pÆw .k] thrdYi pÆw .k] thokfÒxe pÆw .k] ÁKkiuk'kjhiin pÆw .k] tEcw}hiÁKfIr pÆw .k] mŸkjk/;;u pÆw .k] vko';d pÆw .k] n'koSdkfyd pÆw .k] uanh pÆw .k v©j vuq;¨x}kj pÆw .kA pwÆ.k;¨a dk jpuk dze fu'p; :i esa dqN Òh ugÈ dg ldrs gSaA okf.kT;dqyhu d¨fVx.kh; otz'kk[kh; ftunklxf.k egŸkj vf/kdka'k pÆw .k;¨a d¢ dŸkkZ d¢ :i eas Áfl) gSaA vkidk le; fo- l-a 650&750 d¢ yxÒx ekuk tkrk gSA ijEijk ls fuEu pÆw .k;k¡ ftunklxf.k egŸkj dh ekuh tkrh gSa & fu'khFkpwÆ.k] uUnhpwÆ.k] vuq;¨x}kjpÆw .k] vko';dpÆw .k] n'koSdkfydpwÆ.k] mŸkjk/;;upÆw .k] vkpkjkaxpwÆ.k] lw=—rkxa pwÆ.kA mŸkjk/;;u pwÆ.k vf/kd foLr`r ugÈ gSA laL—r vkSj Ák—r fefJr Òk\"kk g¨us ls le>us eas vR;Ur lqxe gSA bleas eyw xzUFk d¢ lkFk fu;qZfä d¢ Òh vFkZ d¨ Li\"V fd;k x;k gSA bleas dà 'kCnkas dh fofp= O;qRifŸk;k¡ Òh feyrh gSA dgÈ&dgÈ Álaxo'k blesa rŸo&ppkZ vkSj y¨d&ppkZ Òh miyC/k g¨rh gS] lkFk gh la;¨x] iqn~xy ca/k] laLFkku] fou;] dz¨/kkoj.k] vuq'kklu] ijh\"kg] /keZfo?u] ej.k] fuxzZUFk&iapd] Ò;lIrd] Kku&fdz;k] ,dkUr ÁÒ`fr fo\"k;ksa ij mnkgj.k lfgr Ádk'k Mkyk x;k gSA Òk\"kk 'kkó dh –f\"V ls bldk cgqr egŸo gSA rRdkyhu lekt vkSj laL— fr dk fp=.k Òh bleas feyrk gS] blesa vfUre vBkjg v/;;ukas dh O;k[;k cgqr laf{kIr gSA pÆw .kdkj us fo\"k;ksa d¨ Li\"V djus d¢ fy, Ákphu xzUFkkas d¢ mnkgj.k Òh fn, gSaA 4. Vhdk & ewy vkxe] fu;qZfä ,oa Òk\"; Ák—r Òk\"kk esa fy[ks x;s v©j pÆw .klkfgR; esa Òh Á/kku :i ls Ák—r Òk\"kk dk Á;¨x gqvk gSA mld¢ i'pkr~ laL—r Vhdk dk ;qx vk;kA Vhdk d¢ vFkZ esa fuEu 'kCnkas dk Á;¨x g¨rk jgk gS & fu;qZfä] Òk\";] pÆw .k] Vhdk] foo`fŸk] o`fŸk] fooj.k] foospuk] vopwfj] vopwÆ.k] nhfidk] O;k[;k] iaftdk] foÒk\"kk vkSj Nk;kA tuS lkfgR; eas Vhdk dk ;qx

mŸkjk/;;u lw= % ,d ifj'khyu | 77 LoÆ.ke ;qx gSA fu;qZfä eas vkxe¨a d¢ 'kCn dh O;qRifŸk v©j O;k[;k gSA Òk\"; lkfgR; eas foLrkj ls vkxe¨a d¢ xEÒhj Òko¨a dk foospu gSA pwÆ.klkfgR; eas fuxw<+ Òko¨a d¨ y¨d&dFkkv¨a d¢ vk/kkj ls le>kus dk Á;kl gS r¨ VhdklkfgR; eas vkxe¨a dk nk'kZfud n`f\"V ls fo'ys\"k.k gSA Vhdk,¡ vkxe fl)kUr d¨ le>us d¢ fy, vR;Ur mi;¨xh gSaA ;s Vhdk,¡ laL—r eas gSa] ;|fi dFkk&lEcU/kh va'k Ák—r eas Òh m)`r fd;k x;k gSA Vhdkdkj¨a us Ákphu fu;qZfä] Òk\"; v©j pÆw .k lkfgR; dk r¨ viuh Vhdkv¨a eas Á;¨x fd;k gh gS] lkFk gh u;s&u;s gsrqv¨a }kjk fo\"k; d¨ v©j vf/kd iq\"V cuk;k gSA Vhdkv¨a d¢ v/;;u v©j ifj'khyu ls ml ;qx dh lkekftd] lkaL— frd] jktuSfrd v©j Ò©x¨fyd ifjfLFkfr;¨a dk Òh lE;d~ ifjKku g¨ tkrk gSA laL—r Vhdkdkj¨a eas vkpk;Z JhgfjÒæ dk uke x©jo d¢ lkFk fy;k tk ldrk gSA os laL—r Òk\"kk d¢ Ádk.M if.Mr FksA mUg¨ua s n'koSdkfyd lw= ij o`fŸk fy[khA vkidk le; lÒh Áek.k¨a d¢ vk/kkj ij ÃŒ lu~ ‰ŒŒ ls ‰‰Œ ¼fo- l-a 757 ls 827½ rd fuf'pr fd;k x;k gSA bud¢ vykok 'khykadkpk;Z] ey/kkjh ges pUæ] vkpk;Z ey;fxfj] uokaxh Vhdkdkj vÒ;nso lwfj bR;kfn Áfl) Vhdkdkj gSA mŸkjk/;;u l=w ij ÁkIr Vhdk,a & • f'k\";fgrk ;k c`gn~o`fŸk ;k ikb; Vhdk & mŸkjk/;;u lw= ij vkpk;Z 'kkfUrlwjh us foLr`r Vhdk fy[kh gSA ;g mŸkjk/;;u vkSj mldh fu;qZfä ij laL—r&x| vkSj Ák—r eas fy[kh xà Vhdk gSA ijUrq blesa Ák—r Òk\"kk dh Á/kkurk gS] vr% bldk uke ^ikb;* Vhdk Áfl) gSA mä Vhdk Òk\"kk] 'kSyh] lkexzh vkfn lÒh –f\"V;ksa ls lQy gS vFkkZr~ ;g Vhdk vusd –f\"V;kas ls egŸoiw.kZ gSA bleas /keZ vkSj n'kuZ dk vfr lw{e foospu gqvk gSA laL—r Vhdkvksa eas ;g lokZf/kd egŸoiw.kZ gSA bleas ewy lw= ,oa fu;qZfä n¨uksa dk O;k[;ku gSA chp&chp eas Ák—r dFkk,¡ Òh mn~/k`r dh xà gSaA fo\"k; dh iqf\"V d¢ fy, chp eas dgÈ&dgÈ Òk\"; xkFkk,¡ Òh mn~/k`r dh xà gS] mud¢ LFkkuksa ij ikBkUrj Òh fn;s x;s gSaA Vhdk dh Òk\"kk ljl vkjS e/kqj gSA vkius mä Vhdk d¢ vykok /kuiky dh ^frydatjh* ij fVIi.k] thofopkjÁdj.k vkSj pSR;oUnu&egkÒk\"; 'kkfUrlwfj dh jpuk ekus tkrs gSaA • lq[kc¨/kk Vhdk & f'k\";fgrk Vhdk d¢ vk/kkj ij o`gnx~ PNh; Jh usfepUækpk;Z ¼fo- l-a 1129½ us eyw xzUFk ij laL—r&x| eas lq[kc¨/kk&Vhdk dh jpuk dhA bleas fu;qZfä dh xkFkkvksa d¨ Òh ;FkkLFkku mn~/kr` fd;k x;k gSA laL—r eas eyw lw= xzUFk dk v/;;u djus d¢ fy, ;g cgqr mi;¨xh Vhdk gSA blesa vusd Ák—frd vk[;ku Òh mÍafdr fd;s gSaA bl Vhdk dh ljyrk o ljlrk d¢ dkj.k mldk uke lq[kc¨/kk j[kk x;k gAS o`fŸkdkj us o`fŸk&fuekZ.k dk y{; Li\"V djrs gq, fy[kk gS fd 'kkUrkpk;Z dh o`fŸk xEÒhj vkSj cgqr vFkZ okyh gSA xzUFk d¢ vUr esa Lo;a d¨ xPN] xq#•zkrk] o`fŸk&jpuk d¢ LFkku] le; vkfn dk funsZ'k fd;k gSA ÁkjEÒ eas vki dk uke nsosUæxf.k Fkk fdUrq ckn eas vki usfepUælwfj d¢ uke ls Áfl) gq,A vkpk;Z usfepUæ c`gn~xPNh; m|¨rukpk;Z d¢ Áf'k\"; mik/;k; vkeznso d¢ f'k\"; FksA mud¢ xq#•zkrk dk uke eqfupUælwfj Fkk] ftudh Ácy Ásj.kk ls gh mUgkasus ckjg gtkj 'y¨d Áek.k bl o`fŸk dh jpuk dhA • mŸkjk/;;uO;k[;k & ;g O;k[;k rikxPNh; eqfufoeylwfj d¢ f'k\"; Òkofot;xf.k us fo- l-a 1689 esa fy[kh gSA bldk xzUFkeku 1655 'y¨d Áek.k gSA ;g O;k[;k dFkkudksa ls Òjiwj gSA bu

78 | vkbZ.,l.ts.,l&VªkatSDlUl] o’kZ&5] vad&3] tqykÃ&flracj] 2021 dFkkudkas dh fo'ks\"krk ;g gS fd ;s vU; Vhdkvksa d¢ dFkkudksa dh Òkafr x|kRed u g¨dj i|fuc) gSA • mŸkjk/;;u nhfidk & bldk fuekZ.k [krjxPNh; y{ehdhÆrxf.k d¢ f'k\"; y{ehoYyÒxf.k us fd;k gSA Vhdk ljy ,oa lqc¨/k gSA blesa mŸkjk/;;u lw= d¢ ÁR;ds in dh 'kda k&lek/kkuiwoZd O;k[;k dh xà gSA O;k[;ku d¨ fo'k\"s k Li\"V djus d¢ fy, Álaxo'k dFkkudkas dk Òh mi;¨x fd;k gSA bl Ádkj d¢ dFkkudkas dh la[;k dkQh cM+h gSA lÒh dFkkud laL—r eas gSaA bl Vhdk esa m)j.k ugÈ d¢ cjkcj gSA bud¢ vykok dey la;e] gfjÒæ] ey;fxfj] frydkpk;Z] d¨VÓkpk;Z] ufe lk/kq vkSj ekf.kD; 'k[s kj vkfn us Òh O;k[;kRed Vhdk] nhfidk] vopwfj vkfn dk fuekZ.k fd;k gaAS tuS vkxekas eas lcls vf/kd Vhdk,a mŸkjk/;;u lw= ij gh fy[kh xà gSAa ;gh dkj.k gS fd mŸkjk/;;u lw= tSu&ijEijk eas vR;Ur fÁ; vkSj vR;Ur Áfl) jgk gSA 5. VCcs & Vhdk;qx d¢ ckn y¨dÒk\"kkv¨a eas ljy v©j lqc¨/k 'kSyh eas fy[ks x, fVIi.k VCcs dgykrs gSaA /keZÇlg eqfu us 18oÈ 'krkCnh eas Òxorh] thokfÒxe] ÁKkiuk] pUæÁKfIr v©j lw;ZÁKfIr d¨ N¨M+ dj 'k\"s k 27 vkxe¨a ij ckykoc¨/k VCcs fy[ks FkAs milagkj mŸkjk/;;u lw= dk egŸo tuS ok³~e; esa loZfofnr gSA mŸkjk/;;u ,d thoUr 'kkó gS] v/;kRe 'kkó gS vkSj vR;f/kd thou¨i;¨xh lw= gS] blfy, bl lw= dk okpu] iBu] ikBu ikjk;.k rFkk Ádk'ku Òh lcls vf/kd gqvk gSA lEiw.kZ 'ors kEcj ijEijk eas mŸkjk/;;u lw= mlh :i eas ekU; gS] tSls c©) ijEijk eas ^/kEein* vkSj oSfnd ijEijk eas ^xhrk*A egkohj dh vfUre ns'kuk g¨us ls mŸkjk/;;u lw= dk egŸo vkSj Òh vR;f/kd g¨ tkrk gS D;¨fa d ifjokj esa Òh Ák;% ns[kk tkrk gS fd iq= vius firkJh }kjk nh xà vfUre f'k{kk dk ikyu djus dk fo'k\"s k /;ku j[krs gSaA blh Ádkj Òxoku egkohj Lokeh }kjk ;g vfUre mins'k ge lalkjh tho¨a d¢ fy, ve`r rqY; gSA ;g Òxoku dh ok.kh dk Áfrfuf/kRo djus okyk vkxe gSA bl vkxe d¢ lwDr] opu vkSj xkFkk,¡ brus lkjiw.kZ] vk/;kfRed rFkk thoukpkj ls ifjiw.kZ gS fd budk Lok/;k; djrs le; lk/kd d¨ fuR; uà miyfC/k rFkk vuqÒwfr g¨rh gSA lUnÒZ lwph 1 vko”;d fu;qZfä] lEik- le.kh dqlqeizKk] ykMuw%a tSu fo”oHkkjrh] 2001A 2 mŸkjk/;;u lw=] lEik- ;qokpk;Z e/kqdj eqfu] C;koj% Jh vkxe izdk”ku lfefr] 2000A 3 mŸkjk/;;u lw= ¼Òkx 1&3½] lEik- idz k”kpUnz tSu] t;iqj% lE;XKku Ápkjd e.My] 2015A 4 dYilw=] t;iqj% izkd`r Hkkjrh] 1984A 5 ftunklxf.k egŸkj pwÆ.k] Òkx 1] lEik- fot; ftusUnz lwjh”oj th] “kkfUriqjh% Jhg’kZ iq’ike`r tSu xzUFkekyk] 1993A 6 rŸokFkZlw=] mekLokfr] okjk.klh% ik”oZukFk “kks/kihB] 1993A 7 fu;qZfä laxzg] “kkfUriqjh% Jhg’kZ iq’ike`r tSu xzUFkekyk] 1989A 8 ufs epUæ—r o`fŸk] vgenkokn% vkReoYyHk xzUFkkoyh] 1937A 9 fo'ks\"kko';dÒk\";] ftuHknzxf.k {kekJe.k] vgenkckn% tSu lkslk;Vh] 1962A 10 O;ogkjÒk\";] la”kks/kd& eqfu ekLd] Hkkouxj% ds”koyky iszepUnz] fo- l-a 1994A 11 'kkUR;kpk;Z o`fŸk] Òkx 1] eqEcbZ% nos pUnz ykyHkkbZ tSu iqLrdks)kj] fo- la- 1992A

mŸkjk/;;u lw= % ,d ifj'khyu | 79 12 \"kV~[k.Mkxe ¼/koyk Vhdk½ iqLrd 1] la- ghjkyky tSu] vejkorh% tSu lkfgR;ks)kjd QaM dk;kZy;] 1939A 13 lpwf.kZd&vkxe&lwÙkkf.k% vko”;dlw= fu;qZfä ,oa pwf.kZ] la- vkuna lkxj lwjh”ojth] vgenkckn% Jh ije vkuUn “osrkEcj ewfrZiwtd tSu la?k] 2017A 14 leok;kax lw=] lEik- eqfu ?kklhyky] jktdksV% vf[ky Hkkjrh; “osrkECj LFkkud TkSu “kkL=ks)kj lfefr] 1962A 15 lqn'kZuyky tSu] mŸkjk/;;u lw= % ,d ifj'khyu] okjk.klh% ik”oZukFk fo|kJe “kks/k laLFkku] 1970A 16 f=\"kf\"V'kykdk iq#\"kpfj=] vkpk;Z gsepUnz] eqEcbZ% tSu /keZ izlkjd lHkk] fo- l-a 1965A

Book Review BHĀRATANĀMĀ Editor: Dr. Prabhakiran Jain Publisher: Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi Year: 2021, Edition: First, Pages: 242+4, Price: ` 500/- Reviewer: Malay Patel1 A country’s name evolves throughout time, based on its geographical and geopolitical circumstances. A name given to a nation during a certain era reflects, albeit not completely, the country’s geographical characteristics. As a result, the name of our subcontinent, which is now known as India (the undivided India encompassing Pakistan and Bangladesh), has evolved throughout time as the geographical situation has altered. Bhārata (India) is a confederation of states with a fusion of many cultures, traditions, and history, making it a fascinating country that embraces the variety of the globe. There are certain historical facts that interest us and explain how Bhārata came into being, as well as what is the antiquity of this nomenclature. Numerous literary and epigraphical sources from the early and middle ages refer to this subcontinent or a large portion of it by various names i.e. Jambūdvīpa and, Bhāratavarṣa in broader Indian literature, and Kumārīdvīpa specifically in Sanskrit Brahmanical literature other than Buddhist books. (Mukherjee) However, India which has always been the Guru of Knowledge, is still looking for the origins of its name. Even now, the truth of why and how our nation came to be known as India is overlooked. “I used to accept the foundation of naming India from Dushyant’s son Bharat, but it was my error,” stated the renowned historian Dr. Vasudev Sharan Aggarwal (Preface 3). They rectified their wrong belief; however, the mistake was not corrected by those who authored the historical textbooks. Why is it so difficult to embrace generally recognised truth that is supported by Vedic, mythical, archaeological, and historical evidence? Why is it that the whole world, including the young, is kept in denial? The fact is that our nation was called Bhārata after Cakravartī Bharata. Bharata was the eldest son of Ṛṣabhadeva (the 1st tīrthaṅkara of Jains) of the Ikṣvāku dynasty (Jain 5) (Shah 15). Another interesting fact connected with the Indian ethos is the culture of non-violence which is resonated in Indian temperament at large. India was named Bhāratavarṣa after the world’s sole non-violent war between Ayodhyā king Rishabhdev’s son Cakravartī Bharata and his younger brother Bāhubalī. This war defines the perpetual sentiments of non-violent behaviour in Indian way of life. 1 Malay Patel is currently serving as Joint Director at ISJS, Pune. He holds a doctorate degree in business studies from Sardar Patel University, Gujarat. Presently, he is pursuing his second PhD from University of Warsaw, Poland. E-mail: [email protected]

Book Review | 81 The book “Bhāratanāmā” is a well written book elucidating this very fact why our nation is named Bhārata and what are its origins. The book published by Bharatiya Jnanpith, edited by Dr. Prabhakiran Jain, along with compilers Shailendra Jain, Chandramohan Shaha and Sanyam Jain includes 35 evidence-based essays on this topic and other noteworthy material from renowned archaeologists, authors, historians, litterateurs, and religious gurus. The book articles are written in multiple languages i.e., Hindi, Gujarati, Marathi, Kannada, Tamil and English. The language of the articles in the book is simple and lucid. The book archeologically and logically reiterates the fact that Duṣyanta’s son Bharata was like hundreds of ordinary monarchs. He was not such a great monarch that he deserved to have a nation named after him. Our country’s name, “Bhārata,” is derived from Ṛṣabha’s son, Cakravartī Bharata. The book supports, its claim through various scholarly researches done by archaeologists and prominent academicians. According to M.C. Joshi, former Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India and one of the contributors to this book, the inscription in Udaygiri and Khaṇḍagiri caves in Odisha mentions ‘Bharadavassa’ and agreed that the nation got its name after Cakravartī Bharata, the son of Ādinātha Ṛṣabhadeva. The book provides great insights on our cultural roots and heritage. This book is a must read, because even well-educated Indians have little understanding of why our nation is named as Bhārata. Former Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee expressed surprise at the majority of our people’s ignorance on this issue and requested that someone should conduct a thorough investigation into the origin of the name Bhāratavarṣa in order to educate the general public. This book will severe the larger purpose of breaking the myths and will give us true understanding about the origin of our country’s name. Summary Almost all the articles of the book Bhāratanāmā are admittedly written with the inquisitive tone clubbed with the archaeological findings. At some point readers can feel that most of the articles on naming India are written with concrete evidences and historical references. Surely this book is a worthwhile attempt to take the public beyond the illusions towards the authentic truth with an open thinking. Along with naming Bhāratavarṣa, the book will pave the way for thinking on other subjects as well, there is no doubt about it. Bibliography Jain, Kailash C. Lord Mahavira and His Times. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1991. Mukherjee, B.N. The Foreign Names of Indian Subcontinent. Mysore: Place Names Society of India, 1981. Agrawal, Vasudev Sharan. “Preface.” Kalā aura Saṁskṛti. Allahabad: Lokbharati Prakashan, 2019. Shah, Natubhai. Jainism: The World of Conquerors. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2004.

International School for Jain Studies 'ISJS' is a leading institution for academic studies of Jainism setup in 2005. Its mission is to introduce academic studies of Jainism in the universities globally. So far 795 participants from 286 universities/schools/ institutions of 37 countries, primarily from USA have attended ISJS summer program. ISJS also conducts seminars, undertakes funded research projects, and publishes papers and books on various aspects of Jainism and its application in today’s society. ISJS is associated with a number of universities and research organizations and works closely with leading scholars of Jainism.