William Shakespeare_ A Biography

William Shakespeare 11 E. I. Fripp, Shakespeare, Man and Artist, II. 803-4. IB I have chosen Aubrey's form of the traditional verses as making better sense. Aubrey's Brief Lives, ed. A. Clark, II. 226. The Elizabethan statute permitted 10 per cent interest. I9 Minutes and Accounts, II. 22, 36. This spelling preserves the local flavour of pronunciation. 2o Biddle was a Stratford name ; Simon was a cutler, a kinsman of the Quineys. 2 I Minutes and Accounts, IV. 39· 22 Ibid. I 5-17. 23 The Seconde Parte of a Register, ed. A. Peel, II. 156 foil. 24 Minutes and Accounts, II. xii, xli. 25 Eccles, 83. 26 Minutes and Accounts, IV. xix foil. 27 Eccles, 82-3. 28 Dugdale, 523. CHAPTER III: FAMILY: SCHOOL: CHURCH I Mark Eccles, 'Jonson's Marriage', Review of English Studies, XII. 257 foil. 2 E. I. Fripp, Shakespeare, Man and Artist, I. 31, 32. 3 Mark Eccles, Shakespeare in Warwickshire, 10. 4 Fripp, I. 43. 5 We owe this especially to the work ofT. W. Baldwin, William Shakespeare's Small Latin and Less Greek, and William Shakespeare's Petty School, and E. I. Fripp, Shakespeare, Man and Artist, I. chaps. 8-12, on whom I rely chiefly for the following account. Fripp, I. 84. 6 V. K. Whitaker, Shakespeare's Use of Learning, 8, 32, 38. 7 8 R. Noble, Shakespeare's Biblical Knowledge, 20, whom I follow for most of this account. 9 Fripp, I. 98-9, roo. Io Noble, 47· \" A. Hart, Shakespeare and the Homilies, 27. CHAPTER IV: YOUTH AND MARRIAGE I Aubrey, ed. cit. II. 225-6. 2 E. K. Chambers, I. 17. 3 Fripp, I. 79-80. 4 C. F. E. Spurgeon, Shakespeare's Imagery, 121. 5 Ibid. 115. 6 Ibid. 86. 7 Ibid. IIO. 8 In her endearing enthusiasm for Stratford Miss Spurgeon overlooked the more probable allusion. Ibid. 86. 9 D. H. Madden, The Diary of Master William Silence, 85-7, 373. Io 11 Cf. my Ralegh and the Throckmortons, 164, 219. I 2 Cf. Fripp, I. 379-85, II. 859-60. u C£ Eccles, 30. But I prefer the figure of £40, as recorded in the fine of 1580; £4 is improbable.

Notes 14 Ibid. 31. 15 Professor C. J. Sisson gives us a vivid insi2ht into the life of the Hathaways, the chief farming folk at Shottery along with tiie Burmans, in Shakespeare Survey, vol. 12, p. 95 foil. The Hathaways were the Earl of Warwick's tenants and Protestants, where the Burmans, like their landlord Francis Smith of Wootton Wawen, were really Catholics. This did not prevent the latter from getting justice from the Court of Chancery against the Protestant Earl. 16 Aubrey, II. 227. CHAPTER V : LONDON : THE ARMADA YEARS 1 Cal. S.P. Dom., 1581-90, 379, 380. 2 Ibid. 388, 391, 401, 457· 3 A.P.C. 1587-8, II9. • A.P.C. 1588, 17, 31. John Stow, A Survey of London, ed. C. L. Kingsford, I. 104. 5 6 Cf. Cth. eC.adSmtoipreasb,leShIanlttersopdeuarcet'isonWatrowiPckusthtiernehCaronn'tsemAportrearioesf, 1-22. Poesie, by C£ English ' G. D. Wilcock and Alice Walker, to which I am indebted in the following para- graphs. 8 Ibid. xcv-xcvi. 9 Ibid. 63. 10 W. W. Greg, 'An Elizabethan Printer and his Copy', The Library, Fourth Series, IV. 102 foil. 11 Stow, ed. cit. I. 341. u E. K. Chambers, The Elizabethan Stage, II. 495-7, 503-10. 13 q. W. W. Greg, A Bibliography of the English Printed Drama to the Restoration, IV. II91. 14 F. P. Wilson, Marlowe and the Early Shakespeare, 7· 15 Alfred Harbage, Shakespeare's Audience, 159, to which I am indebted in these paragraphs. 16 q. F. P. Wilson, 10. 11 E. K. Chambers, The Elizabethan Stage, II. 307. 18 q. Alfred Harbage, Shakespeare and the Rival Traditions, 22. 19 E. K. Chambers, I. 282, 287, 292. 20 q. Ibid. II. 205, 344· 21 Cal. S.P. Dom. 1581-1590, 541. 22 Ibid. 23 Henslowe Papers, ed.W. W. Greg, 48. 24 Ibid. 34-6. 25 Ibid. 40. CHAPTER VI : APPRENTICESHIP 1 F. P. Wilson, Marlowe and the Early Shakespeare, HI. 2 W. G. Boswell-Stone, Shakespeare's Holinshed, 418. 3 M. C. Bradbrook, Shakespeare and Elizabethan Poetry, 77, 78-9. 4 Thomas Wilson, Arte of Rhetorique, ed. G. H. Mair, :xx. 39, 47, 55· s q. F. P. Wilson, 'Shakespeare's Reading', Shakespeare Survey J, 14 foil. 6 C£ G. D. Willcock, 'Language and Poetry in Shakespeare's Early Plays', Proceedings of the British Academy, 1954, 103 foil. 2H2 469

William Shakespeare 1 q. H. R. D. Anders, Shakespeare's Books, 83. 8 C£ John Buxton, Sir Philip Sidney and the English Renaissance, 192. 9 The fact that the poem was first published along with the Sonnets in 1609 indicates that it was in the Southampton cache, and was written for him, v. below, p. 463. Io v. below, p. 172 foll. 11 F. P. Wilson, Marlowe and the Early Shakespeare, 112. I2 The Third Part of King Henry VI, ed. J. Dover Wilson, xiii. IJ I am much indebted to A. S. Cairncross's edition of 1 Henry VI (' The Arden Shakespeare'), with whose argument I agree. I4 Ibid. xli. IS Ibid. xxviii, xxxvft, liii. I6 Ibid. lv-lvi. 1' Alfred Harbage, q. ibid. xl. CHAPTER VII: REPUTATION I q. J. C. Jordan, Robert Greene, 2, 6. 2 q. J. Dover Wilson, 'Malone and the Upstart Crow', Shakespeare Survey 4, 56 foll. J q. E. K. Chambers, William Shakespeare, II. 252. 4 Ibid. I. 61. s C£ E. K. Chambers, Shakespearean Gleanings, 28. 6 F. S. Boas, The Works of Thomas Kyd, cviii-cx, cxix. 1 Ibid. 102. a Cf. J. Isaacs, 'Shakespeare's Earliest Years in the Theatre', Proceedings of the Brit9ishBAoacsa,dlexmxyx, i1i 9fo5l3l., 119 foll. Io C£ Titus Andronicus, ed. J. C. Maxwell, 111. II Jbid. xxxvll. 12 A. W. Pollard, Shakespeare's Hand in the Play of' Sir Thomas More', 8. Jq.. Chambers, I. 514. IJ Bartlett's Complete Concordance to Shakespeare gives only two instances of I4 this word, used in a slightly different sense, from 2 Henry IV. Is F. S. Boas, Christopher Marlowe, 2 foll. 16 Ibid. 251. But note that Boas corrected his account of Baines, 246 foll., in Times Lit. Supp., 16 September 1949. The Baines who delated Marlowe was a priest at Rheims who, while there, was spying on his fellow-religious and reporting on them to Walsingham. He pointed out that by injecting poison into the well or the bath, the whole community could be carried off. Thus, 'Richard Baines can claim the credit of forestalling Marlowe's Barabas in Act III of The Jew of Malta in devising a plan for poisoning in one swoop an entire religious house'. It shocked Dr. Allen, later Cardinal, that while celebrating his Mass every day, this priest should be harbouring such thoughts. Later, he turns up in England, to inform against Marlowe : evidently a delator de carriere. \" In this paragraph I follow Boas, 66 foll., 175 foll. I8 P. H. Kocher ~oes into them, in perhaps too much detail, in Christopher Marlowe. A Study oj his Thought, Learning and Character, chapters 2 and 3· I9 C£ L. and E. Feasey, 'Nashe's The Unfortunate Traveller', English, Autumn 1948, 125 foll. 20 P. Alexander, Shakespeare's Life and Art, 83. 2I q. Fripp, Shakespeare, I. 391. aa These are the only instances of the use of the word in Elizabethan literature given by N.E.D. 470

Notes •J C£ Howard Baker, Induction to Tragedy, no foil. v. below, p. u6. •4 H. C. Goddard, The Meaning of Shakespeare, 36, 40. •s •6 q. from Corbet's Iter Boreale, The Oxford Shakespeare, The Histories and Poems, 7J6. z1 q. Chambers, II. 212. zs In these paragraphs I am much indebted to F. P. Wilson, Marlowe and the Early Shakespeare, uS foil. •o M. C. Bradbrook, Shakespeare and Elizabethan Poetry, 62. 3o N. Brooke, 'Marlowe as Provocative Agent in Shakespeare's Early Plays', Shakespeare Survey 14, 34 foil. CHAPTER VIII : THE EARLY COMEDIES 1 A. Feuillerat,John Lyly, 4 foil. • Cf. G. K. Hunter, John Lyly, 241, 302, 31S. 3 Cf. M. Mincoff, 'Shakespeare and Lyly', Shakespeare Survey 14, r6. 4 JHq...SCCphe.adGmdoibndegdr,saL,rdeIIt,.teT3rsh2e0a,nMd32eLa7in.feinog foFfrSanhcaiksesBpaecaorne,, I. 325. 25, 27. s 6 1 Especially my old friend Q., with his Victorian romantic view of women; cf. his Introduction to the Cambridge edition of The Two Gentlemen of Veromr, xiii-xiv. CHAPTER IX : FRIENDSHIP ' q. C. C. Stopes, The Life of Henry, Third Earl of Southampton, 36. • Ibid. 37· common sense, Edward Hubler, The Sense o f Shakespeare's C£ for its admirable 3 Sonnets, 97 foil. 4 G. Wilson Knight, The Mutual Flame, 31 foil., is perceptive about this. s Cf. Stopes, 199, and v. below p. 297. 6 'It is the strangest fact in Elizabethan social history.' Tucker Brooke, Shake- speare's Sonnets, Sr. 7 Cf. my Ralegh and the Throckmortons, 163. s C£ Sir Edmund Chambers, who writes in his standard biography (1. 543), 'a full treatment ofthe problems raised by Shakespeare's non-dramatic writings does not fall within the scope ofthis work'. Imagine writing the biography of Shakespeare without considering the Sonnets-of prime autobiographical importance ! Other Victorians, Sir Sidney Lee, for example, after much embarrassed wavering came to the conclusion athndatDtrhaemyawticerSeouarcleitseorafrSyhaekxeesrpceisaere!, o Narrative ed. Geoffrey Bullough, I. 161. IO Ibid. I. 164. II v. above, P· 5I. u Except Sir Edmund Chambers, who says (William Shakespeare, I. 61-2) 'a super-subde criticism detects a great advance in the poet's intimacy with his patron between the two addresses, which I am bound to say is not apparent to me'. It is pure want of imagination not to be able to see it. C£ Tucker Brooke, op. cit. Sx, 'there is no Elizabethan dedication like this'. 13 q. D. H. Horne, The Life and Minor Works of George Peele, 253· 47I

William Shakespeare 14 The Works of Thomas Nashe, ed. R. B. McKerrow, II. 201-2. 1' I.e. Hecuba. Shakespeare'), ed. f. T. Prince, :xxxvili. 16 The Poems ('The Arden 17 C£ Chambers, II. 192 foiL CHAPTER X : THE STORY OF THE SONNETS 1 Edward Hubler, The Sense of Shakespeare's Sonnets, 38. :a q. Stopes, 66. 3 Cal. S.P. Dom. R1e5c9o1r-d1s59o4f,th4e46E. nglish Province of the Society of Jesus, IV. 49. 4 H. Foley, ed. Garnet said £5,000, an improbably high figure. ' The later sonnets of Drayton, more moving and more real, were influenced by Shakespeare's. CHAPTER XI : ROMANCE AND REALITY 1 Chambers, I. 62. 2 Ibid. I. 64. 3 Madeleine Doran, Introduction to A Midsummer-Night's Dream ('The Pelican Shakespeare'), 18. 4 Goddard, 74· s Cal. S.P. Dom. 1591-1594, 222, 492, 502-3. 6 This concatenation tends to support my suggestion of the echo of Chideock Tichborne's poem in Shakespeare's lines above, p. I53-4· ' Stopes, 63. s We may dare then to correct the dating of a great scholar, Sir Walter Greg, The Shakespeare First Folio, 240, who gives 1595-6. 9 Cf. The Cambridge Shakespeare edition of A Midsummer-Night's Dream, 105 : 'these are remarkable lines; evidently written with Queen Elizabeth in mind. But phrases like \"barren sister\" and \"withering on the virgin thorn\" would surely have sounded harsh in her ears.' They would indeed ! 10 Ibid. 151. n As against Greg's view, loc. cit. 242. 12 Q., Introduction to A Midsummer-Night's Dream ('The New Cambridge Shakespeare'), xiv. u Bullough, I. 369. 14 • There .is a vile phrase of which bad historians are exceedingly fond, \"the dignity ofhistory\".' 15 Richard David, Introduction to Love's Labour's Lost ('The Arden Shakespeare'), xvii. t6 McKerrow, Nashe, V. 65. 17 G. K. Hunter, john Lyly, 317. 1s A good deal of ingenuity has been expended on where the name Moth came from; in 1592 Richard Field published The French Alphabet by one G. de la Mothe. t9 q. F. A. Yates, john Florio, 190. 2o Cf. the depositions in Salisbury MSS. (H.M.C.), V. 85 foil. For a summary of the previous Inisdeeds of the Longs against the Danverses, v. Cal. S.P. Dom. 1595-1597. 34- 472

Notes 21 John Aubrey, Brief Lives, ed. A. Clark, I. 195. 22 v. above, p. 187. 23 Salisbury MSS. V. 553· 24 I am glad to be in agreement with Sir Edmund Chambers in this dating. 25 Cf. Cal. S.P. Dom. 1581-1590, 169. 26 Perhaps I may point out a slight confusion in Mr. G. I. Duthie's Introduction to the Cambridge edition of Romeo and Juliet, xvi : it was not the earthquake, but Juliet's birth, that took place on Lammas Eve. 21 Salisbury MSS. V. 102. 28 Cal. S.P. Dom. 1595-1597, 203. 29 Salisbury MSS. V. 158. 3° Ibid. VI. 352 and passim. 31 The comparison between the two is best made in Bullough, I. 454-7· It is hardly necessary, however, to look to the Portuguese Pretender, Don Antonio, for so common a name; but Don Antonio is not to be confused, as on p. 445, with Antonio Perez, Philip Il's exiled minister. 32 v. above, p. no. 33 Introduction by Q. to the Cambridge edition of The Merchant of Venice, xxix-xxx. CHAPTER XII: ENGLAND'S PAST 1 J. Dover Wilson, Introduction to KingJohn ('The Cambridge Shakespeare'), xv. I shoUld like to pay tribute to Prof. Dover Wilson's editioru of the History plays of this sequence, Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V, the historical approach to which is particularly appropriate and illuminating. 2 McKerrow, Nashe, I. 212. 3 q. Chambers, I. 353 ; II. 326-7. 4 Ibid. II. 32Q-I. s F. P. Wilson, Marlowe and the Early Shakespeare, 94· 6 This is generally accepted now; cf. H. B. Charlton and R. D. Waller, Introduction to Marlowe's Edward II, 8, 16-17. 7 Ibid. 100, 102. s Sir Robert Naunton, Fragmenta Regalia' Arber's English Reprints', 51. 9 J. Dover Wilson, Introduction to King John ('The Cambridge Shakespeare'), viii. 1o Cf. my Expansion of Elizabethan England, 313. ; 1 W. W. Gre~, The Sha~esp~~re First Folio, 248. 2 J. Dover Wilson, loc. crt. lvu. u q. A. R. Humphreys, ed. 1 Henry IV (' The Arden Shakespeare '), xii. 14 q. Chambers, II. 198. xs Cf. A. E. Hughes, Shakespeare and his Welsh Characters. Cf. David Mathew, The CtoeltTichePeMopelrersyanWdivReesnaoisfsWanincedsEourro('pTe,hce. xvm. 16 H. C. Hart, Introduction Arden Shake- 17 speare'), xxxiii. 1' Slender is described, Act I, Sc. IV, as having 'a little yellow beard - a cane- coloured beard'. This has given trouble to the commentators. Could it not be a Inisreading for the familiar Elizabethan expression 'crane-coloured', meaning ash-coloured ? 19 Cf. my Ralegh and the Throckmortons, 187, zn. 20 Ibid. lvi-lvii. 21 J. Dover Wilson, Introduction to King Henry V ('The Cambridge Shakespeare'), vii. 22 Ibid. x. 473

William Shakespeare 23 q. ]. Dover Wilson, Introduction to King Henry V ('The Cambridge Shakespeare '), 9· 24 I owe this point to Professor Richard B. Hosley. CHAPTER XIII : THE LATE NINETIES 1 Mark Eccles, Shakespeare in Warwickshire, 84 foil. 2 H. Howarth, 'Shakespeare's Gendeness', Shakespeare Survey 14, 90 foil. 3 Eccles, 91 foil. 4 Cf. E. I. Fripp, Master Richard Quyny, 125. s Stow, Survey of London, ed. cit. I. 174. 6 L. Hotson, Shakespeare versus Shallow, 9. 1 Chambers, II. 87 foil. 1 His first plays to be published were Titus Andronicus, and the bad Quartos of z Henry VI and The Taming ofthe Shrew in 1594. 9 Greg, The Shakespeare First Folio, 236, z6I. ' 0 G. E. Bendey, 'Shakespeare and the Blackfriars Theatre', Shakespeare Survey 1, 38 foil. 11 C. H. Herford and P. Simpson, Ben Jonson, I. z foil. 13 E. K. Chambers. The Elizabethan Stage, IV. 319-20. u C. W. Hodges, The Globe Restored, IS foil. 14 We must remember that in Norden's map the Rose is wrongly named the Star, and that in Hollar's drawing the names Bear-baiting and the Globe are acci- dentally interchanged. '' E. K. Chambers, The Elizabethan Stage, II. 365 ; I have emended the trans- lation from the German. I6 Cal. S.P. Dom. 1595-1597, 448. 17 q. Stopes, 110, III. 18 q. Ibid. 86, 114. I9 q. Ibid. IIS, 116. 20 q. Ibid. 116. 2I q. Ibid. 1.2.1, 122-J. 22 Ibid. 123, 124. 23 q. Ibid. 126, 127. 24 q. Ibid. 131. 2s q. Ibid. 134-5. •6 q. Ibid. 140. 21 q. Ibid. 148. 28 q. Ibid. 152-3. 29 q. Ibid. 158-9· 3o Salisbury MSS. XI. 94, 108. Mrs. Stopes amusingly suppressed this sidelight on Southampton, p. 199· 31 q. Ibid. 173· 32 q. Ibid. 174-s. 187. 33 q. Ibid. 176, 178, 181. 34 Kenneth Muir, Shakespeare's Sources, I. 53· 35 Introduction to Much Ado about Nothing(' The Cambridge Shakespeare'), xxvi, xxvii. 36 Ibid. xv-xvi. 37 Aubrey, Brief Lives, ed. cit. II. 226. Aubrey actually says 'the coustable in Midsummer-Night's Dream': I assume he means Dogberry, unless, in his 'maggotty- headed' way, he meant Bottom the weaver. 38 G. I. Duthie, The 'Bad' Quarto of Hamlet, 9-10. 39 Muir, op. cit. 57· 40 N. B. Paradise, Thomas Lodge, 35. 474

Notes 41 Introduction to As You Like It ('The Cambridge Shakespeare'), x. 4z I propose this emendation in the received text : 'content with my harm' is nonsense; the proper apposition to 'glad of other men's good', is 'content with my own'. An Elizabethan compositor has slipped up and it seems to have escaped all textual critics hitherto. 43 J. Dover Wilson, Introduction to julius Caesar(' The Cambridge Shakespeare'), xv, xxxii. 44 T. S. Dorsch, Introduction to Julius Caesar ('The Arden Shakespeare'), xiii. CHAPTER XIV : BETWEEN TWO WORLDS 1 J. Dover Wilson, Introduction to Hamlet (' The New Cambridge Shakespeare'), viii. • Ibid. XX. 3 Ibid. viii. 4 Alfred Harbage, Shakespeare and the Rival Traditions, 294. s J. Dover Wilson, ed. cit. 184. 6 E. I. Fripp, Shakespeare, Man and Artist, I. 146-7. 7 E. K. Chambers, The Elizabethan Stage, II. 2os. 8 Salisbury MSS. XI. 71-2 ; XII. S62. 9 Robert Chester, Love's Martyr, ed. A. B. Grosart (The New Shakespeare Society), 4, I77· •o The Poems ('The Arden Shakespeare'), ed. F. T. Prince, xlii foil. n John Masefield, q. ibid. •• q. P. Alexander, op. cit. 134 foil. 13 Introduction to Twelfth Night ('The New Cambridge Shakespeare'), x, xv-xvi. 14 Cf. my book The English Past, 29. •s Stow, ed cit., I. 299. 16 E. K. Chambers, William Shakespeare, II. 90 foil. 17 Eccles, IOI foil. 18 G. K. Hunter, Introduction to All's Well that Ends Well(' The Arden Shake- speare'), liii. 19 Ibid. li. zo Cf. Gower's speech, Henry V, lll. vi. •• Cal. S.P. Dom. 160J-1610, 2, 8, 19, 34, s8, 89, Io6, 137, 162, I7S· .. Ibid. I87, 203, 3S4. SIS. z3 Evidently this anonymous versifier thought Greene was still alive. Z4 Salisbury MSS. XVI. 4IS· zs Stopes, 289, 296. z6 G. E. Bentley,' Shakespeare and the Blackfriars Theatre', Shakespeare Survey 1, .fO. z7 Walter Pater, Appreciations, 189-90. za C£]. W. Lever, 'The Date of Measure for Measure', Shakespeare Quarterly, X. 388. z9 Cf. Q.'s Introduction to Measure for Measure ('The New Cambridge Shakespeare '), xxi. CHAPTER XV : THE GREAT TRAGEDIES 1 C. J. Sisson, 'The Mythical Sorrows of Shakespeare', Proc. Brit. Academy, 1934, 4S foil. • Chambers, I. 8s-6. 3 C£ G. E. Bentley, Introduction to Othello ('The Pelican Shakespeare'), 17. 475

William Shakespeare 4 Alfred Harbage, Introduction to King Lear ('The Pelican Shakespeare'), 18. 5 Ibid. 6 Kenneth Muir, Introduction to King Lear ('The Arden Shakespeare'), lvili. 1 Salisbury MSS. XV. 266. JW. .DWov.eGr rWegi,lsoopn. ,citI.n3tr8o9d. uction 8 to Antony and Cleopatra (' The Cambridge 9 Sha10keJs. pWea.reM')a, cxkxaxlili,. The Approach to Shakespeare, 89. 11 H. Granville-Barker, Preface to Shakespeare, II. 126. 12 Cf. my Ralegh and the Throckmortons, 220. 13 C£ E. F. Gay, 'The Midland Revolt and the Inquisitions of Depopulation of 1607', Trans.Roy.Hist.Soc., N.S. XVIII. 195 foil. 14 E. I. Fripp, II. 706. 15 Cf. H. J. Oliver, 'Coriolanus as Tragic Hero', Shakespeare Quarterly, 1959, 53 foil. 16 C£ Kenneth Muir, 'The Background of Coriolanus', Shakespeare Quarterly, 1959, 137 foil. · 17 Greg, 410. to pay tribute to the excellence of H. J. Oliver's Introduction 18 I should like to the play in 'The Arden Shakespeare', the most illuminating discussion of it I know. 19 C£ my The Elizabethans and America, 192. CHAPTER XVI : THE ROMANCES 1 E. K. Chambers, The Elizabethan Stage, II. 334-S· 2 Ibid. II. 333-4· 3 P.C.C. 31 Hayes. 4 P.C.C. Windebancke 75· 5 q. F. P. Wilson, 'Ralph Crane, Scrivener to the King's Players', The Library, 1927, 197· 6 Cf. Exeter in 1618, where the Mayor refused Daniel's Children of Bristol ot ordpinlaayr,ilyanvdertyhep osiogrnipfeicoapnlte'c. omJ.mTe. nMt,u'rtrhaoys,eEwnghlioshspDernadmathtiecirCmomopnaenyieso, n15p5la8y-1s6a4r2e, II. 6. 7 I quote from the edn. by R. H. Perkinson, Scholars' Facsimiles and Reprints, New York, 1941, without pagination. 8 Cf. G. E. Bentley, 'Shakespeare and the Blackfriars Theatre', Shakespeare Survey, I. 38 foil. o A. Harbage, Shakespeare and the Rival Traditions, 304. 10 Aubrey, ed. cit. I. 95-6. 11 E. K. Chambers, William Shakespeare, I. 86. 12 Cf. P. Edwards, 'An Approach to the Problem of Pericles', Shakespeare Survey 5, 25 foil. u J. C. Maxwell, Introduction to Pericles ('The Cambridge Shakespeare'), xxii. 14 P. Edwards, loc. cit. 38. 15 Just before Tennyson died, he was reading Cymbeline : his dead body lay with the moon coming into the room, with Cymbeline open beside him. 16 C£ ]. M. Nosworthy, Introduction to Cymbeline ('The Arden Shakespeare'), lxviii-Ixxi. 17 Cf. Q., Introduction to The Winter's Tale ('The Cambridge Shakespeare'), xxiv, xxv. 18 Kenneth Muir, Shakespeare's Sources, l. 247· 476

Notes 1 ~ This means, every eleven sheep yield a tod (i.e. 28 lb.) of wool. 20 Muir, I. 245. 21 q. Q., loc. cit. viii. u Cf. my The Elizabethans and America, 7o-r. 23 Cf. ibid. So-r. 24 Cf. L. Hotson, I, William Shakespeare, 222. 25 Purchas His Pilgrimes, Maclehose edn., XIX. II foil. 26 F. Kermode, Introduction to The Tempest ('The Arden Shakespeare'), xxxvili. 27 This was a contemporary mode of travel-insurance. z8 R. A. Foakes, Introduction to Henry VIII ('The Arden Shakespeare'), xxv. Perhaps I may take the opportunity to say that I agree with this editor's argument and see no reason for regarding the play as written in collaboration. 29 The received text says 'pitied', but surely 'pitted' is the meaning? 30 The Life and Letters of Sir Henry Wotton, ed. L. Pearsall Smith, II. 32. CHAPTER XVII : NEW PLACE 1 J. T. Murray, English Dramatic Companies, 1558-1642, I. rss. • Eccles, 131-2. 3 E. K. Chambers, William Shakespeare, II. ISS foil. 4 q. Ibid. II. 153. 5 Cf. G. E. Bentley, 'why Heminges and Condell did not include The Two Noble Kinsmen in the Folio of 1623 is a puzzle', Shakespeare: A Biographical Hand- book, 192. We see that it is no puzzle at all. 6 Cf. the discussion in Kenneth Muir, 'Shakespeare's Hand in The Two Noble Kinsmen,' Shakespeare Survey 11, so foil. 7 Cf. E. K. Chambers, I. 531-2, with which I am mostly in agreement. 8 P. Simpson, Studies in Elizabethan Drama, 132 °9 Eccles, 135. 153. Chambers, II. 1 11 Fripp, 8or. IZ IbiiJ. 791. l3 Ibid, 805 foil. 14 Eccles, rr 3. 1s Chambers, II. 170 foil. 16 The Diary ofjohn Ward, ed. C. Severn, 183. 17 For once I keep to the original spelling, to be close to his own. 18 By J. M., probably James Mabbe, translator, of Magdalen College, Oxford; q. Chambers, II. 234. 19 P.C.C., Parker 38. 20 q. Bentley, r86. 21 Greg, 12. 22 q. Ibid. 9· 23 q. Chambers, II. 228 foil. 24 Fripp, 8S7· 25 Our leading authority sums up this complicated matter thus : 'despite the diversity of materials directly or indirectly made use of by the printers, the great bulk of our substantive texts are at no long remove from Shakespeare's autograph versions, the majority of these texts, indeed, being for the most part immediately derived from his \"foul papers\"'. Charlton Hinman, Shakespeare Quarterly, 1956, 97· Sir Walter Greg tells us that 'foul papers [i.e. author's manuscripts] come some- how into the picture in the case of twenty-one. Of the thirty-six plays in the Folio, twenty-two were printed there for the first time, at any rate in a reputable text, 477

William Shakespeare and in each instance from a playhouse manuscript.' Greg, op. cit. 430. The addition of Pericles makes thirty-seven in all. 26 Cf. Greg's tribute: 'The Folio editors appear to have had a considerable amount of material at their disposal and to have given some thought to their choice and when they were in any way doubtful about the authenticity of the particular copy chosen, they endeavoured to remedy its defects • . . On the whole they per- formed their task in a reasonably conscientious manner and at times went to con- siderable trouble to provide their readers with what they believed to be an authentic text.' Ibid. 43 1. 27 Fripp, 853. as Aubrey, I. 204. 29 Stopes, 334-S· 3o P.C.C. 58 Byrde. 31 P.C.C. 18 Barrington. 32 Aubrey, I. 254. 33 Fripp, 882. 34 Ibid, 891, 908.

INDEX Addenbroke, John, 416 Beaumont, Francis, 38I, 4I4-15, 445 Aesop, 36, 88 Bedlam,97,281, 377 Beeston, Christopher, player, s8, 99, 4IO AAlgcjenscteoru, r4t.,2s,6744,2870,272,274 Belott, Stephen, 337-9 Bermuda, 43I, 432 Aleppo, 383 Biddle, Simon, 26 Alleyn, Edward, 28, 72-5, 413, 464 Birmingham, I-2, 2I Alveston, 8, 451 Bishopsgate, London, 28o-1 Anne, James I's Queen, 357, 358, 359, Blackfriars, London, 62, 66, 287, 431, 372, 38o-1 444-5; - theatre, 66, 284, 286-7, Annesley, Sir Brian, 378-9 ; -, Cor- 3I6, 324-5. 4I3-I5, 445. 452, 463 Blount, Sir Charles, 328 ; -, Edward, delia, 200, 378-9 stationer, 102, II3, 298, 457 Arden family, 13, 6o, 277 ; -, Mary, Boccaccio, G., 351, 423 Bosworth Field, 77, 276 v. Shakespeare ; -,Robert, 3o-1, 276 Bradley, Gilbert, of London, III ; -, Arden, Forest of, Warwickshire, I, 2, -, of Stratford, I6 Bretchgirdle,John, vicar, 22-3, 25, 39, 93 7-8, 13, 130, 305 Brittany, 92, 234 Ariosto, L., 133, 299, 368 Brooke, Arthur, 79, 222 Armada, the Spanish, of1588, 26, 59, 6o, Browne, Robert, Independent, 336 ; -, -, player, 4IO 197; -of 1596, 242 Brownsword, John, schoolmaster, 23 Armin, Robert; 29o-I, 4IO, 455 Bryan, George, player, 29, 74 Ashley, Sir Anthony, 228 Burbage family, 286-7; -, Cuthbert, Aspinall, Alexander, schoolmaster, 23-4, 4II, 4I3, 463 ; -,James, 28, 66, 70, 74 ; - , Richard, 70, 74, II8-19, 283, 448 284, 359. 410, 4I3, 445. 455-6, 463 ; Aston Candow, 9, 3I -,William, of Stratford, 33, 56 Aubrey, John, 48, 58, 99, 22I, 30I-2, Burby, Cuthbert, stationer, 282-3 Burghley, William Cecil, Lord, 6o, 64-5, 4I4-I5, 462 122, 139-40, 186, 203-4, 22I-2, 292, Avon, River, I, 2, 5, 7, 8, I4, 26, 52, 224, 3I2, 323-4 328 Cadiz,228,246,264,269,291 Calais, 228 Babington, Anthony, II2, I54, 204 Cambridge, 70, 97, I09, 139, 160, 2I3, Bacon, Francis, 125,342, 345,4I9 Baddesley Clinton, 6, 12 2I7, 265, 317, 461 Badger, George, 24, 449 Camden, William, 2, 4-6, 284, 400 Baines, Richard, Catholic informer, no, Canterbury, 29, 109, 122 Carew, Sir George, afterwards Lord, 23I Bale, John, 243, 249 s. 430 Banbury,2, 33,263 Bankside, 275, 281-2, 286, 287-8 Cartwright, Thomas, 27 Barentz, Willem, Dutch navigator, 334 Caxton, William, 349 Barnard, Elizabeth, Lady, Shakespeare's Cecil, Sir Robert, Earl of Salisbury, 204, grand-daughter, IS, 339, 4I6, 452, 235. 249. 250, 292-3, 294. 323, 329, 464-5 ; -, Sir John, 465 342. 345. 357. 430 Barnes, Barnabe, 394 Barnhurst, Nicholas, 24, 449 Barton, Richard, vicar, 26-7, 58 Barton-on-the-heath, 2, 3I Beard, Benjamin, alias Tichbome, Catholic spy, 204 479

William Shakespeare Chapman, George, 214-15, 218, 347 Drayton, Michael, 2, 6-8, 13, 36, 113, Charlecote, 4-5, 8, 9, 27, 88, 262 453. 464 Charles I, 23, 299, 334, 352, 447 Chaucer, Geoffrey, So, 155, 16o, 208 Droeshout, Martin, 454-5, 459 Chester, Robert, 33o-1 Dudley family, 2, 3, 5, 9, 13 ; and v. Chettle, Henry, 97, 98-9, 106, 357 Cinzio, G. B., 361, 368 Leicester, Warwick Civil War, the, 47, 63, 150, 395, 411 Dugdale, Sir William, I, 29 Clifford Chambers, 6-7, 453 Dulwich, 74, 413, 445, 464 s,Clopton family, 9, 12, 13, 19 ; -House, Edmonds, Captain Piers, 297, 354 9, 24, 430 ; - , Sir Hugh, 14, 18, 278 Egerton, Stephen, 287 Cobham, Henry Brooke, Lord, 249-50, Elizabeth I, Queen, 1, 2, 5, 27, 28, 59-60, 264 63, 92, 122, 141, 163, 204, 212, 213, Collins, .Francis, 2o-1, 24. 25, 451, 453 234,241,27I, 301, 3I2, 316,322,328- Combe, John, 10, 449, 451 ; - , - , of 330,344.350,356, 380,4I4.445; - and Drama, 71-2, 74, I23, I25, 205, Welcombe, 24-5 ; - , Thomas, 24, 207, 2I3-I4, 235. 261, 264, 3I7; - 453 ; - , William, 24, 339, 395, 449- and Shakespeare, I82-3, 26I, 263, 357, 450 442-3 ; - and Southampton, 228, Compton family, 4. 13 29I, 292-5, 296 Condell, Henry, player, 202, 283, 284, Elizabeth, Princess, James I's daughter, 381, 429-30, 437, 438 410, 413, 446, 456-9. 463 Elsinore, 29, 74 Constant, Benjamin, 195 Essex, Robert Devereux, Earl of, 22, 92, Cope, Sir Walter, 359 94, 183,220,22I,234-5o239o246,250, Cornwall, 426 264, 269, 30I, 3I7, 32o-1, 322-3, 345, Cotswolds, 1, 6, 8, 10, 51, 52, 88, 133, 356, 357, 360, 392, 435; - and Southampton, 141-2, 222, 249, 29I-2, 209, 260, 263, 426 316-I7, 328-9, 344 Court, the, 124, 125, 202, 211, 263-4, Eton,266 Exeter, 6, 29 266, 293. 294. 307-8, 340, 424· 427 Covell, William, 159 Feldon country, Warwickshire, I, 4-5, I3 Coventry, I, 6, 7. 27, 28, 29. s6, 88, 255. Field, Henry, 31, 36, 48 ; - , Richard, 298 stationer, 36, 48, 62, 64-6, 134, 149, Cowley, Richard, player, 302, 410 ISS. 287, 457 Crane, Ralph, scribe, 41 I Fitton, Mary, 298 Curtain theatre, the, 70, 126 Fletcher, John, 38I, 4I4-I5, 445-7, 463- 464 Daniel, Samuel, 79-80, 81, 235, 250, 3II, Florio, John, I34, 2I8, 220, 221, 433 Forman, Simon, astrologer, 429 359. 394 Fortescue, Mrs., a troublesome Recu- Danvers, Sir Charles, 22o-1, 293-4, 298, sant, 445 Foxe,John,243,249,438 330 ; - , Sir Henry, 22o-1 France, 22o-I, 244-5,267,269-70,273, Davenant, Sir William, 100, 201, 462 292-3, 294-5 Daventry, 88, 255 Frizer, Ingram, II2 Davies, Sir John, 3II, 348 Fulbrook, 3, 262 Dekker, Thomas, Io6, 265, 286, 316-17, Gardiner, William, J.P., 282 319, 349. 359 Garnet, Henry, Jesuit, 187, 221, 380 Denmark, 359, 380; -,English players Garnier, Robert, dramatist, I02, 312 Gascoigne, George, 133, 134 in, 29, 74. 409 Germany, 29, 381 ; -,English players Dennis, John, dramatist, 261 Deptford, II2 in, 409, 410 Derby, William Stanley, Earl of, 221, Glendower, Owen, 249, 25o-1 Globe theatre, the, 66, 70, 275, 284, 286, 228 ; - , Alice Spencer, Countess of, 75 ; and v. Lord Strange 288,302,324-5,349,379,409-10,429. Dickens, Charles, 208, 284 443. 444. 452, 463 Digges, Sir Dudley, 400, 430; - , Leonard, 310, 430, 461; -,Thomas, 400 Donne, John, 431 Dover,29, 86,228,246,377 Drake, Sir Francis, 59, 6o

Index Gloucestershire, 53 Horace, 38, 90, 104 Golding, Arthur, 37, ISO, 426 Hunsdon, Henry Carey, Lord, zoi, 235, Goodwin Sands, the, 247 Gough, Robert, player, 409, 4IO 287 ; -, George, Lord, 287, 304 Gower, John, 4I8 Hunt, Simon, schoolmaster, 23, 36 Gowthwaite Hall, Yorkshire, 379, 417 Indians, American, 356 Greene, Robert, 69, 73, 82, ~. 179, Ingram, Sir Arthur, .:u Inns of Court, 67, 307,340; Gray's Inn, 207,213, 2I4, 304, Jo6, 425~ Greene, Thomas, Shakespeare's cousin, I2S ; Inner Temple, us ; Middle Temple, 125, 333 20, 444. 449-50 Ireland, 234, 240, 2.68-9, 296-7, 298-9, Greenwich, 125, 130 JOI, 3o6, 383 Grenville, Sir Richard, 59, 304 Islands Voyage, of 1597, the, 235, 29I-2 Gresham, Sir Thomas, 28I Italy, 134, 294-5 ; Italian theatre, I34, Greville, Sir Edward, 2I, 22; -,Sir 334 Fulke, 5, I3 ; - , Lodowick, 9-IO Guiana, 263-4, 37I, 435 Jacobean world, the, 3S5, 394, 407, 420 Gunpowder Plot, 9, 24, 379, 380, 449 Jaggard, Isaac, 457 ; -, William, I48, Hakluyt,Richard, 126,334,356 4S6 Hall, Edward, chronicler, 76, us, 238, James I, I02, 213, 23s, 269, 283, 328, 336, 438 356-9. 360, 372, 379-80, 4I9, 463 Hall, Dr. John, 4I6, 444, 45o-1, 464-5 ; Jamestown, 430 - - , Susanna, Shakespeare's daughter, Jeffreys, John, alderman, 22, 23 Johnson, Dr., 38, 93, I04, 373, 395 58, 4I6, 45o-I, 452, 462 Hariot, Thomas, I02, 2I5 Johnson, Gerard, sculptor, zs, 449, 454 Harrison, lohn, stationer, I 55 Jonson,Ben,30,68,73.87,105,I24,I26, Hart farni y, 4SI, 452 ; -,Joan, Shake- I4S. I49, 202, 264-s. 277, 282, 283-6, speare's sister, 32, 4SI, 4S2 290,JIQ-II,JI6-I8,JI9,330,340,367, Harvard, John, 448 ; -, William, 448 ; - Colfege, 17, 448 400, 4I4, 417, 437. 443. 453. 457-6I Harvey, Gabriel, 122, I6o, 207, 2I3, 2I6- Keats, John, 158, I79. 203 2I8; - , Sir William, zoo, 29I, 292, Kemp, William, player, 29, 74,202,267, 293,294,29S.379.463 283, 302, 409. 4I3 Hathaway family, 46s ; -, Anne, v. Kenilworth Castle, I, 2, 5, 27-8, 207 Shakespeare ; - , Frances, 2S ; - , Kyd, Thomas, 101-3, 179, 312, 319, Richard, 33. s6; -.Richard, jun., 448 46o Hazlitt, William, 2S9. 372 Heminges, John, player, 74, 202, 283, Lambert, Edmund and Joan, Shake- peare's uncle and aunt, 2, 31, 55, 4I3, 445, 446, 4S6-9, 463 Heneage, Sir Thomas, 204, 2u, 29I, 292, 279 Lane, John, 451-2 ; - , Nicholas, 8, 56, 462-3 s, 10 Henley-in-Arden, 451 Henri IV (Henry of Navarre), 6s, 92, Langley, Francis, 281, 282 182, 2I2, 244, 292 Le Havre, 25, 79 Henry VII, 276, 277, 330 Leamington, 4 Henry VIII, 3, 6 Lesic.e2st7e,r,6oR,o2b0e7rt; Dudley, Earl of, I, 3, -, Lettice, Countess Henslowe, Philip, 72-4, 281, 349, 464 Heralds' College, 33-4, 276-8 of, 298 Heywood, Jasper, 66-7 ; -, Thomas, 69. 41I-13 Leland, John, 3-4 Lily, William,35, 36,122 Hoby, Sir Edward, 23S ; -,Sir Thomas Posthumus, 33S Livy, 40, ISS, 400 Lodge, Thomas, 61, 303-4, 319 Holinshed, Raphael, I3, 76-7, us, 233-4, London, 52, S9-61,62,66,67,7o-I, 106, 238,243,250,423,438 Holland, Hugh, 46I ; -, Philemon, u6, 2S4. 269, 28o-2., 287, 329, 337-9, 358, 444-44S; -, Lord Mayor of, translator, 400 and the Drama, 71 Holywell priory, 70, 126 Long, Henry, 220 Homosexuality, no, 144 Lopez, Dr., 182-3, 227-9 48!

William Shakespeare Lucy family, 4-s. s, 262 ; -, Sir Oldcastle, SirJohn, 249 Orange, WillWn, Prince of, 248 Thomas, 21, 27; -, Sir William, SS, 92 Ostend, 31S Lyly,John, 61, 63, 66, 121-4. us, U9-30, Ovid, 37-S, 103, 109, 134. 149. ISS, IS9. 20S, 349 217, 46o Macaulay, T. B., 211 Oxford,29,6o,6I,70,122,147,214,304, Manners, Lady Bridget, xSo 316, 317, 3S9, 44S, 461, 462 . Oxford, Edward de Vere, Earl of, 64, 66, ~ghaDn,John, IIS, I2S,333 122, 130, 139 Mantuan, 36-7 Marlowe, Christopher, S2, 61, 67, 69-?o, 74, 9o-1, 98-9, 109-13, 227, 247 ; - Painter, William, 3SI and Shakespeare, S2-S, 94. IOI, 113-14, Palingenius, 37 II9-20,IS2,172-7,I9S-9,229-32,236, 301, 3o6.326,343t 34S. 369.46o Paris, 1S2, 294-s, 329 ; -, Garden, Marprelate Tracts, 13, U3 Marston, John, 316-17, 4s91-46o 247 Mary, Queen of Scots, Pater, Walter, 362-3 Massinger, Philip, 414, 4IS Peele, George, 61, 97, 113, 121, IS4 Merch:i.nt Taylors School, 2S, 69, 101 Pembroke, Mary, Countess of, 100 ; -, William Herbert, Earl of, 197, 29S, 3SS, 430, 4SS-6, 4S1 . Meres, Francis, 23, 3S, 14S, IS9. 299 3S1. Sir Charles, 329 ; -, Su Jocelyn, Mermaid Inn, 44S Percy, Meyrick, Sir Gelly, 2SI 329 Middleton, Thomas, xos, 3S1 Perrott, Robert, 17 Persia, 333-4 Mile End, 61, 3S6 Philip IT, 242 Milford Haven, 422 Phillips, Augustine, player, 74, 202, 2S3, Mompelgart, Count, 263 Monasteries, Dissolution of, 3 329,409-10 Montague, Anthony Browne, Lord, Plague, 2S, 73-4, 99-100, 416, 463-4 139. 140 Plautus, 37, I2S, 130, 300, 333 Montaigne, 433-4 Players, Companies of: Admiral's, 72-3, Montemayor, J., 130 102, 202, 227, 2S6, .2.SS ; ChaDnber- lain's, later King's, 29, 74, 109, us, Montgomery,Philip Herbert,Earl of, 4S7 133, 201-2, 2o6, 227, 23S, 246, 264, More, Sir Thomas, Io6, us, 397 21S· 2S6, 291, 316-17, 349, 3SS, 359, Mountjoy family, French Huguenots, 371-2, 409-II, 413-15, 41S, 444, 457 ; 2S2, 337-9. 444 Children of the Chapel, 66, 70, 121, Mountjoy, Charles Blount, Lord, 22S, UJ, 2S5-6, 316, 32S; Children of 292,298 Paul's, u2-3, 316; C~dren of the Mulcaster, Richard, 69 Revels, 431 ; Derby s, 2S, 100; Munday, Anthony, Io6 Leicester's, 2S-9, 5S, 70, 74 ; Pem- Musters, 26, 6o-1, 2S1 broke's, 74, 94. xoo-1, 102, 133, 17~ ; Queen's, 28-9, 5S, 67, 72 ; Strange s, Naples, 347 2S, 74, 75, 100, 202, 409 ; Sussex's, NaSh, Anthony, 4S3. 464 ; -,John, 339, 100; Warwick's, 2S ; Worcester's, 2S, 73. 302, 410 4S3; -,Thomas, IS, 464-s Plutarch, 20S, 311, 383, 398, 400, 402 Nashe, Thomas, 61, 74, 97, II3, IS4-S. Plymouth, 6o, 43 I Poley, Robert, 112, 204 207, 213, 217-IS, 234, 2S2, 319 Pope, Thomas, player, 29, 74, 202, 2S3, Netherlands, the, 29, 6o, 22S, 2S6 .2.S6,409 New World, the, 347, 430 Puritans, 63, 71, 335, 336, 356, 447 Newington Butts theatre, 70, 133, 319 PuttenhaDn, George, 62-5 Newton, Thomas, translator, 101 Normandy, 92, 94, 141 Quiney, Adrian, 16, .2.S, 33 ; -,Judith, Norris, Sir John, S9. 92 Shakespeare's daughter, 451-2, 453, North, Sir Thomas, translator, 20S, 3n, 464 ; -.Richard, 16, 21, 279-SO, 451 ; -,Thomas, 16,451-2,464 383, 39S. 400, 402 NNoorrtthhuammpbteorlna,n4d6,sH;e-nsrhyirPee,rc3y9,4E-sa.rl46o4f, Quintilian, 3S 291 Norwich, 97, 302

Index Rainsford, Anne Goodere, Lady, 7, 453, Henley Street, IS, 278, 452 ; and 464 9H6o-l9i,ns3h3e7d-,9,7464-74-;5;inmLarorniadgoen,, 6I-2, 57-8 ; Ralegh, Sir Walter, 54, 64, I46-7, 2IS, and New Place, IS, IS, I9, 26I, 278-9, 263-4,29I,293,37I,392,400,435,463 36o, 448, 452 ; and patriotism, 233, Rebellion, the Northern, of I569, 23, 26 24o-I, 243-4, 245, 269, 272, 422 ; and Recusants, Catholic, 9, IS, 24, 204, 379, the new poetry, 77-9; and politics, 445.449 236-40, 244-5, 247-9, 253-4, 258-6o, Reformation, 3, 6, IS, I9, 20, 34, 70, 269-'7I, JI2-I4, 345-7, 39Q-I, 396-9, I7I, 3o6 433, 435 ; and Prayer Book, 42-7 ; Reynolds, Thomas, IS, 449; -, and publishers, 282-3, 29I ; speech, William, 453 54-S ; and sport, so-2, 86-8, 105-6, Rheims, 110 Rich, Penelope, Lady, 297 I37, 209, 262-3, 274 ; on the theatre, Roberts, James, stationer, 283, 349 Rogers, John, vicar, 448 ; - , Philip, I45-6, 183-4, 226, 256, 274-5, 289-90, 324-6; and Warwickshire, 2, 13, 76, I7, 279 Roper, a mischievous young man, 204 ss, 130, 255, 262, 265, 395 ; will, Rose theatre, the, IOI, 288 Rowe, Nicholas, 20I 451-3 Rowington, 9, 30 Plays : All's Well that Ends Well, Rugby,4 Russell, Dowager Lady, 66, 287, 335; 300, 35o-6, 361, 365 ; Antony and Cleopatra, 383-94, 395, 399, 421 ; As -, Sir Thomas, 400, 430, 453, 46I You Like It, I, 37, 44-5, 82, 83, 130, Rutland, Francis Manners, Earl of, I39, 303-9, 364 ; Comedy ofErrors, 44, I2I, I24-9, 300, 455 ; Coriolanus, 107, 108, 292, 297. 445 394-402 ; Cymbeline, IS9. 42o-4 ; Hamlet, 64, 65, r6o, 317-28, 366, 42I ; Sadler, Harnnet and Judith, I7, sS, 448, Julius Caesar, 107, 290, 297, 309-15, JIB; 1 King Henry IV, 247-57, 283, 453 291, 298 ; z King Henry IV, 53, 2S6- Salusbury, Captain John, 2SI; -,Sir 26I ; King Henry V, 267-75, 297, JIO, 364 ; 1 King Henry VI, 78, 84, 88, I07 ; John, 25I, 33o-I ; - , Owen, 329 z King Henry VI, 45, 89, 92-4, Ioo, Sandys, Sir Edwin, 430 102 ; 3 King Henry VI, 46, 84, 86, Scotland,2o6-7,328, 358,380 88, 9Q-1, 98, roo ; King Henry VIII, Scott, Reginald, 208, 336 Scroop, Richard, Archbishop, 257 437-43, 447 ; King John, I6, 38, 103, Seneca, 66, IOI, I03 241-6, 271, 364 ; King Lear, 291, J2I, Shakespeare family : Anne, Shake- 372-9; King Richard II, 53, 94, IS7, 234-4I, 283, 329 ; King Richard III, speare's wife, IO, 56-8, 8I, 128-9, I3J, 452, 462; - , Edmund, player, 35, 38, 77, ss, 113-I9, I2J, 283 ; Shakespeare's brother, 32, 339, 382, Love's Labour's Lost, 36, 44, 64, 65, 4IO ; , Gilbert, Shakespeare's 211-20,283, 300,359; Macbeth, 158-9, brother, 16, 32, 339 ; - , Harnnet, 359, 379-83, 446; Measure for Meas- Shakespeare·s son, 58, 242, 276; - , ure, 300, Henry, Shakespeare's uncle, 32, ss ; Merchant o3f21V,en3i5ce0,, 355, 36o-s, 378 ; -,John, Shakespeare's father, 14, 15, 227-32, 247, 283, 16, 22, 25, 3Q-4, 48-9, ss-6, 276-7. 335; Merry Wives of Windsor, 36,261- 279 ; - , Mary, Shakespeare's mother, 267; Midsummer-Night's Dream, 39, 2, 9, 10, 31-2, ss, 279; - , Richard, Shakespeare's brother, 339; - , 147, I8I, 202-11, 2I9, 221, 224 ; Richard, Shakespeare's grandfather, Much Ado about Nothing, 35, 299-303; 30, 31, 32. And v. Arden, Barnard, Othello, I09, 321, 334, 367-7I ; Hall, Nash, Quiney Pericles, 416-20 ; RToammeinogaondftJhueliSeht,reIw9,, Shakespeare, William : as actor, sS, 68, 222-6, 238,282; 74-5, 91, 97-100, 120, 145-6, 183-4, 201-2 ; and the Bible, 41-4, 46-7 ; roo, IOJ, 121, 128, 133-7, 282, 30I ; birth, 32 ; children, 58, 242, 276, 416, The Tempest, 37, 83, 127, 203, 224, 45o-2, 453, 462, 464 ; death, 453-4 ; 431-7 ; Timon of Athens, I23, 402- education, 34-47 ; and gentility, I4S- 408, 4I6; Titus Andronicus, 84, 86, 87, I46, 241, 276-8, 305-6, 354; and roo, 104-6, 321, 378, 42I ; Troilus and Cressida, 46, 123, 144, 32I, 339-49, 355, 422; Twelfth Night, 291, 300, 333-6, 339 ; Two Gentlemen ofVerona, 483

William Shakespeare 28, 35. 82, 121, 129-33. 232, :299 ; Talbot, John, Lord, 92, 94 Winter's Tale, 8, 8:2, 96, 131, 278, 300, Tarleton, Richard, player, 29, 72, 412 303, 416, 424-30, 438 ; - and Two Temple Grafton, u, 57 Noble Kinsmen, 445-7 ; - and Sir Terence, 37, 133 Thomas More, 1o6-9 Theatre, the, in Shoreditch, 70, 126, Poems: A Lover's Complaint, So-1, 463 ; The Phoenix and othfeLuTcurretclee,, 286 333, 421 ; The Rape 33o- Thorpe, Thomas, 200, 417 100, Throckmorton family, 4, 13 ; -, Job, 10J, 154-6o, 164, 189, 197, 421 ; The Sonnets, 100, 138, 141-9, 161-200, 463 ; 13, 27; - , Sir Robert, 22 Venus and Adonis, 51, 100, 147, 149-54, Tichbome, Chideock, 153-4 1S8-6o, 167, 175. 176-7. 197, 215, :278, Tilbury, 26, 6o 287,421 Tilney, Sir Edmund, 1o6 Shaw, Julian, 18, 449, 453 Titchfield, 139, 22o-1 Shorecfitch, 70, 72. 99, :281, 286, 463 Tolstoy, Leo, 300, 373, 376 Tower of London, u6, 329-30, 371, Shottery, 10, 2J, 33. s6, 279. J08 Sidney, Sir Philip, 27, 59, 6o, 64, 72, 81, 392 82, 285, 297, 372, 426 Turberville,George,27,6o Sierra Leone, 235 Twyne, Laurence, 4I 8 Sinckler, John, player, 1:26, 246 Tyrone, Hugh O'Neil, Earl of, 234, 268, Sly, William, player, 74, 283, 4Io-u, 413 Smith, Sir Francis, I I, 25 296, 322 Snitterfield, 8, II, 30, 31, 32, 55 Southam, 2, 88 Underhill, William, 9, 279 Sou~pton,:zg,z:zo-1,228 Vale of the Red Horse, I, 4, 8 Sou~pton, Elizabeth, Countess of, Valois, Marguerite de, 214 Vautrollier, Thomas, 62, 66 292-4, 296, 297 ; -, Henry Wrioth- Vere, Lady Elizabeth, 139, 221 sley, Earl of, 134. I39-40, 203-4, 22o-2, Veysey,John, 6 228,:249,250,269,29I-9,3I6-I7,328- Virgil, 38, 104. 109, 155 330, 353, 356-9, 430, 462-3 ; - and Virginia, 407, 43o-1, 432 ; -Company, Shakespeare, 138, 14D-55. I58, I62- 200, 20I, 2I3-I4, 222, 323, 344. 353 ; 357, 43D-1 -, Mary, Countess of, IJSh4Q, 200, Wales, 21, 249, 250, 251-2, 330, 422 203-5. :293. 295. 329, 353. 357. 379. Walker, Henry, 17, :25, 4I5, 448 ; - , 462-3 Southwark, 286-8, 409 William, 4I5-I6, 448-9, 453 Walsingham, Sir Francis, II2; -,Sir Spain, 59, 6o, I26, 245, 247, 256, 26g, Thomas, II2, II3 394.430 Warwick, I, 2, 3, II; - , Richard Spencer, Gabriel, player, 73, 4I3 ; - , Beauchamp, Earl of, 3 ; Ambrose Sir John, 4, 9 sz, 64, So, 94, 160, Dudley, Earl of, 3, 5, IS, I7, 25, 26, 33, Spenser, Edmund, 6o ; -shire, 1-13, 76, 88, I30, 255, 262,265,395 171, 207, 213, :228, 285 Watson, Thomas, 81, uo, IS9, I79 Stanhope, Sir Thomas, 139-40 Wayte, William, 282 Strachey, William, 431, 432 Webbe, Alexander and Margaret, Strange, Ferdinanda, Lord, afterwards Shakespeare's uncle and aunt, 31, 32 Earl of Derby, 74-5, :221 Wedgwood, William, 16 Stratford-on-Avon, I, 2, 4-5, 10, 12, 14- Weever,John, 159, 3IO 29, 3I-4, 52, 53, 58, 105-6, 132-3, 209, Welcombe, 24, 280, 36o, 449-50, 452 224. 242, 276, 278-So, 308, 3:28, 339, Westminster School, 28, 284 4I5-16, 444, 447-54, 461, 463, 464-5 ; Whateley, Alderman, 16 - grammar school, 20, 23, 34-41, go, Whetstone, George, 361 93. 262 Whitehall, 235, 357, 358, 371, 379, 436 Stubbs, John, 104 Whitgift,John, Archbishop, I2, 150, 212 Sturley, Abraham, 17, :279-80, 448 Wilkins, George, 418 Sutton Coldfield, 6, 255 Williams, Sir Roger, 251 Swan theatre, The, 281-2, 288 Willoughby, Ambrose, 293 Symons, Richard, town clerk, 20 Wilmcote, 9, 10, 31-2, 55, 279 Syphilis, 347-8

Index Wilson, Robert, player, 72 ; -, Thomas, Wootton Wawen, I I 78 Worcester, 30, 57, 45I Wotton, Sir Henry, 443, 445 Wilton, 358 Windsor, 26I, 263, 266-7 Young, Bartholomew, translator, I30 Wise, Andrew, 283 THE END