ugs : cky iLq rdky; NkVs s thokas ls tku&igpku dkyjw ke 'kekZ
ISBN 978-81-237-6984-4 igyk lLa dj.k % 2013 ¼'kd 1935½ eyw © dkyjw ke 'kekZ Chhote Jivon Se Jan-Pehchan (Hindi Original) ` 95.00 fun's kd] jk\"Vhª ; iLq rd U;kl] Hkkjr ugs : Hkou] 5 bLa VhV;~ 'w kuy ,fj;k] ¶$s t&II olra D$aq t] ubZ fnYyh&110 070 }kjk idz kf'kr Website: www.nbtindia.gov.in 2
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fdrkc ds ckjs eas jkts ejkZ dh ft+na xh eas vius vklikl dh nfq u;k eas uUg&as uUgas tra vq kas dks n[s kuk cM+k jkes kpa dkjh gkrs k gAS bueas ls vuds gekjs tku&s igpkus gkrs s gAaS bu jgL;e; tra vq kas dh pky&<ky] [kku&iku] f'kdkj djus ds rjhd]s cPps inS k djuk] cPpkas dh ijofj'k vkfn gekjh ukd ds uhps gjne gkrs s jgrs gAaS c's kd] ;s gekjs tku&s igpkus tho gaS vkjS gekjh ft+na xh ij xgjk vlj Mkyrs g]aS blds ckotnw mudh tfVy vnkvkas dks ge tku&le> ugha ikrAs u tkuus dh ,d otg gS fd ge mUgas ljljh rkjS ij n[s kdj vkxs c<+ tkrs gAaS vxj ge bUgha thokas ds fØ;kdyki FkkMs +k è;ku ls n[s kas rks ijr&nj&ijr buds jgL;kas dk fiVkjk [kyq rk tkrk gAS tra qvkas ds ckjs eas ge <js kas tkudkfj;k¡ iLq rdk]as v[kckjk]as if=kdkvkas vkjS Vhoh ds ekè;e ls gkfly djrs jgrs gAaS [+kkldj cPpkas dh ckr djas rks mudh lt` ukRedrk] ftKklk o dYiuk'khyrk dks <js kas uhjl vkjS mckÅ tkudkfj;kas ds ck>s rys nck nrs s gAaS mUgas [kyq s rkjS ij voykds u dju]s foops uk o O;k[;k djus ds ekdS s de gh feyrs gAaS exj mu tkudkfj;kas dks viuh dlkVS h ij ij[kus dh Hkh t+:jr gAS ge vius vklikl ik, tkus okys tra vq kas dh yca h Qgs fjLr cuk ldrs g]aS ftudk voykds u geas oKS kfud dlkVS h ds vkèkkj ij foops uk djus dk ekdS k ns ldrs gAaS tra &q txr bruh jkps drk vkjS fofp=krk fy, g,q gS fd mlds ckjs eas tkuus vkjS le>us dk gj fdlh dks eu djrk gAS D$q N tra q tks Hkys gh ge n[s k ikrs gkas ij muds O;ogkj dks tYnh tkuuk gekjs fy, lHa ko ugha gks ikrk] D;kfas d ;k rks os 5
pdek nds j dgha fNi tkrs gaS ;k fQj ,dne lLq r iM+s jgrs gAaS ;gh otg gS fd vuds tra vq kas dk voykds u djus ds fy, dkQh èk;S Z j[kuk iM+rk gAS eku yhft, fd vki ,d ,ls s i{kh dk voykds u dj jgs gaS tks iMs + dh >jq eVq eas jgrk gAS ,ls s eas vkids èk;S Z dh ijh{kk gkrs h gS fd vki ogk¡ MVs jgas vkjS mlds fØ;kdyki dk voykds u djAas cPpkas ds lkFk] pkgs os xkz eh.k ifjo's k ds gkas ;k 'kgjh] vxj mUgas vius vklikl fugkjus dk volj feys rks os dkQh D$q N lh[k ldrs gAaS iLz rrq iLq rd eas ,ls s gh D$q N tra vq kas dks vkèkkj cuk;k x;k gS tks dgha mM+r]s jxas r]s lLq rkr]s [kkr]s f'kdkj djr]s vius vMa k&as cPpkas dh fuxjkuh djrs ;k viuh ljq {kk djrs tlS s fØ;kdyki eas O;Lr n[s ks tk ldrs gAaS iLz rrq iLq rd dk <kp¡ k D$q N bl idz kj j[kk x;k gS fd cPps vius vklikl ds tho&tra vq kas ds fØ;kdyki dk voykds u djus grs q ifsz jr gks ldAas 6
te+ ha ij mrjk bna èz ku\"q k fdlh us èkjrh vkjS ekuo ds fj'rs dks yds j pkj ckras dgh gaS tks vkt Hkh mruh gh lgh irz hr gkrs h gaS % igyh ckr % ^^bl èkjrh ij ekuo dk ekfydkuk ugha g]S cfYd èkjrh dk ekuo ij gAS ** nlw jh ckr % ^^èkjrh gekjh ekrk gAS èkjrh ij tks D$q N Hkh ?kfVr gkrs k gS mls èkjrh dh lra kukas dks Hkkxs uk gh iM+rk gAS ** rhljh ckr % ^^bl èkjrh ds thou&tky dks ekuo us ugha cuk;kA og rks egt bl tky dk ,d èkkxk Hkj gAS ;fn og bl èkkxs ds lkFk D$q N Hkh NMs +[kkuh djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ gS fd og vius fy, gh vuFkZ dj jgk gAS ** pkFS kh ckr % ^^bl èkjrh ij lHkh pht+sa ,d&nlw js ls xgjkbZ ls tMq +h gbq Z gAaS ** vius dnekas rys vxj ge ut+j Mkyas rks ogk¡ vuds NkVs &s NkVs s thokas dk vkfèkiR; gAS ;g uUgha nfq u;k fdlh bna èz ku\"q k ls de rks ugh!a ;g jxa &fcjxa h nfq u;k 7
gj ek;us eas ykt+okc gAS t+eha ij fc[kjh tra vq kas dh bna èz ku\"q kh NVk dk voykds u djuk vkjS mldh O;k[;k djuk ,d fnypLi ifz Ø;k gAS NkVs s thokas ls tku&igpku dh bl ifz Ø;k e]as muds ckjs eas dbZ jgL;kas dk irk pyrk gAS lkFk gh iÑz fr vkjS gekjs chp ds fj'rs dks le>us eas Hkh enn feyrh gAS vkb,] bl fujkyh nfq u;k ds thokas dh D$q N ,ls h gjdrkas dks le>us dh dkfs 'k'k dj]as tks gekjh vk[¡ kkas ds lkeus ?kfVr gkrs h jgrh gAaS jkr ds èkqIi vèa kjs s eas vkius tqxuvq kas dks pedrs n[s kk gkxs kA phfa V;kas dh yca h&yca h drkjas n[s kh gkxas hA jxa &fcjxa h frrfy;kas dks i$w ykas ij eM¡ jkrs g,q n[s kk gkxs kA vki tlS s gh ckFk:e eas ?klq rs g]aS vkidks dkus s eas ncq dh gbq Z edM+h vkjS Q'kZ ij rts +h ls jxas rk gvq k tho n[s kus dks feyrk gAS ;fn vki cjlkr ds lgq kus fnukas eas vius vklikl ut+j nkMS +k,¡ rks frrfy;kas vkjS ifrxa kas dh jxa &fcjxa h nfq u;k n[s kus dks feyxs hA t+kfgj gS fd ;g nfq u;k dbZ rjg ds tho&tra vq kas dk fBdkuk gAS ?kj ls yxkdj ckx&cxhpk]as [krs &[kfygkuk]as iMs +kas dh ifRr;k]as i$w yk]as feVV~ h ds vna j–gj txg uUg&s uUgs thokas dh fujkyh nfq u;k clh gAS eD[kh] ePNj] frryh] [kVey] tvq k]a phVa h] fVMM~ k] xcq jyS k] rr;S k vkfn dhV&J.s kh eas vkrs gAaS viuh jkts ejkZ dh ft+nxa h eas buls gekjk okLrk iM+rk jgrk gAS dHkh fdlh tra q dks n[s kdj ge ilz Uu gks tkrs g]aS ogha fdrukas dh otg ls ge ij's kku gks tkrs gAaS vkerkjS ij lHkh dhVkas eas rhu tkMs +h Vkx¡ as feyxas hA ijw k 'kjhj rhu e[q ; Hkkxkas eas cV¡ k jgrk g&S flj] o{k vkjS iVs dk fgLlkA flj okys fgLls eas vkxs dh vkjs nks ckyueq k jpuk,¡ gkrs h gaS ftUgas ,Va huk dgrs gAaS ,Va huk ds ekè;e ls gh dhV vuds lpw uk,¡ ikz Ir djrs gAaS vkerkjS ij i[a k Hkh gkrs s g]aS ij lHkh dhVkas eas ughAa D$q N dhVkas ds 'kjhj ij ,d dM+k vkoj.k gkrs k gAS blds Hkhrj muds dkes y vxa ljq f{kr jgrs gAaS njvly bu dhVkas ds 'kjhj dh cukoV] jgu&lgu] [kku&iku D$q N bl rjg dk gS fd ;s dgha Hkh vius vkidks thfor j[k ikrs gAaS lla kj esa ,ls h 8
dkbs Z txg ugha tgk¡ budk okl u gkAs lla kj eas ,ls h dkbs Z pht+ ugha tgk¡ budk okl u gkAs lla kj esa ,ls h dkbs Z pht+ ugha tks dhV J.s kh ds tra vq kas dk Hkkts u u gkAs ge lYs ;yq kts dks ugha ipk ldrAs yfs du nhed diM+s dkx+t+] ydM+h vkfn dks tks lYs ;yq kts ;Dq r gkrs s g]aS vkjke ls pV dj tkrh gAS eèkeq D[kh] nhed rFkk phVa h vkfn dk lkekftd thou thus dk fujkyk gh rjhdk gAS mudh O;oLFkk,¡ geas ;g lkps us ij et+cjw dj nrs h gS fd dos y fodflr efLr\"d gh lc D$q N ugha gAS vxj ge ckYVh Hkj ikuh esa ,d pEep 'kDdj ?kkys n]as rks frryh dks irk py tkrk gS fd bleas 'kDdj ?kyq h gAS thHk] dku] ukd u gkus s ij Hkh bUgas Lokn] lxq èa k o vkokt+ dk Hkku gks tkrk gAS ,Va huk dhV dks Li'k]Z vkokt+] Lokn] rkiØe vkfn dh lpw uk,¡ nrs k gAS et+s dh ckr ;g gS fd dhV lkl¡ rks yrs s g]Sa ij muds QQs M+s ugha gkrs As dhV vius vki esa fujkys rks gaS gh] ;s vke vkneh ds thou dks Hkh iHz kkfor djrs gAaS tgk¡ ,d rjQ buls 'kgn] yk[k] j's ke vkfn feyrk g]S ogha nlw jh rjQ vuds dhV iMs +&ikèS kkas ds i$w ykas ds ijkxu eas enn djrs gAaS 9
xcq jyS k ¼chVy½ dhV dk ,d ,ls k legw g]S ftldh nl yk[k ls Hkh vfèkd tkfr;k¡ lla kj Hkj eas QyS h gAS lcls cM+k xcq jyS k yca kbZ eas 15 ls 20 l-s eh- rd dk gkrs k gAS yfs du lcls NkVs k] bruk NkVs k fd ge uXu vk[¡ kkas ls n[s k Hkh ugha ldrAs D$q N brus pednkj fd ekuks mu ij fdlh èkkrq dh <ky p<+k nh xbZ gkAs D$q N brus jxa &fcjxa s fd ekuks bna èz ku\"q k ds jxa Hkh Qhds yxAas gekjs n's k eas bu dhVkas dh D$q N fdLeas xkcs j eas ikbZ tkrh g]aS 'kk;n blhfy, bUgas xcq jyS k dgk tkrk gAS frrfy;kas vkjS ifrxa k]as nkus kas ds gh i[a k gkrs s gAaS bu nkus kas eas QD$Z ;g gS fd tc frryh cBS rh gS rks blds i[a k [kM+s jgrs g]aS yfs du tc ifrxa k cBS rk gS rks i[a k t+ehu ij QyS tkrs gAaS vkerkjS ij frryh fnu eas ?kew rh jgrh g]S tcfd irxa s jkr eas fudyrs gAaS frrfy;kas dh lMaw ] ftlls ;s i$w ykas dk jl plw rh g]aS ;g ifrxa kas dh vi{s kk NkVs h gkrs h gAS ;g ckdh le; xkys kbZ eas fyiVh jgrh gS ij n[s kus eas ?kM+h dh dekuh&lh yxrh gAS ogha ifrxa kas dh lMaw dkQh yca h gkrs h gS vkjS uyhnkj i$w ykas dks ijkfxr djus eas vge Hkfw edk fuHkkrh gAS 10
lcls fnypLi gkrs k gS frrfy;kas vkjS ifrxa kas dh ykokZ voLFkk dk vè;;u djukA [+kkldj cjlkr ds fnukas eas ;s iMs +&ikèS kkas ds xgus cu tkrs gAaS vxj vki FkkMs +k Hkh è;ku nas rks budh vB[kfs y;k¡ n[s kus dks feyxas hA D$q N ,ls s fd vkidks fn[kkbZ Hkh ugha nxas s vkjS D$q N jxa &fcjxa s fd vyx gh NVk fc[kjs rs gAaS frrfy;k]as ifrxa kas dh ,d [+kcw h ;g gkrs h gS fd bueas dk;kra j.k gkrs k gS vFkkrZ ~ vMa kas eas ls fudyus okys cPps vius ekrk&firk ls ,dne fHkUu gkrs s gAaS dhVkas ds ykokZ eas gh j's ke cukus dh {kerk gkrs h gS o;Ldkas eas ughAa ykokZ tc I;iw k eas cny jgs gkrs s gaS rc ;s vius dks j's ke ds [kkys ls <d¡ dj ljq f{kr gks tkrs gAaS I;iw k voLFkk eas tho vna j jgrs g,q dbZ idz kj ds ifjoruZ kas ls xtq jrk gAS fQj bl [kkys dks rkMs +dj mleas ls o;Ld tho ckgj fudyrk gAS D$q N dVs jfiyj eas e>q s I;iw k cuus dh cgrq gh fnypLi ifz Ø;k n[s kus dks feyhA ykokZ tc I;iw k eas cnyus dh fLFkfr eas gkrs k g]S rc og iMs + dh 'kk[kk ls j's ke dk ,d fljk vVdk nrs k gAS vkjS mlds nlw js Nkjs ls dVs jfiyj yVdk gkrs k gAS vc ;g dVs jfiyj vius 'kjhj ls j's ke cukrk gS 11
vkjS mldks vius 'kjhj ij yiVs rk tkrk gAS bl nkjS ku dVs jfiyj xkys &xkys ?kew rk gS vkjS j's ke Hkh NkMs +rk gAS j's ke dk èkkxk gok ds lia D$Z eas vkus ij l[w k tkrk gS ftls og vius 'kjhj ij yiVs rk gAS vkius fdlh Hkh iMs + ij dM+s [kkys fpids t+:j n[s ks gkxas As t+jk #ddj è;ku ls n[s kus dh dkfs 'k'k dhft, fd vkf[kj ;s D;k gAaS bu [kkys kas eas dhVkas dh ijofj'k gbq Z gkxs hA th gk]¡ ogh fldkM+k tks fcuk #ds vkokt+ djrs jgrs gAaS fldkM+k dh [+kcw h gS fd bueas dos y uj gh vkokt+ fudyrh gAS ;s tks vkokt+ fudkyrs g]aS og eg¡q ls ugh]a cfYd vius mnj ds uhps yxs midj.k l]s ftleas D$a iUu ls vkokt+ inS k gkrs h gAS Åij cus fp=k tlS s [kkys dks è;ku ls n[s kas rks bleas ls tho fudy pdq k gAS ckdh cpk jg x;k [kkys A [+kkldj vke ds iMs + ds rus ij vkidks fldkM+k ds <js kas [kkys fpids feyxas As vxj vki dgha ckt+kj eas feBkbZ ;k xMq + dh ndq ku ij tk,x¡ s rks ogk¡ vkidks ,d uUgk&lk yky&ihys jxa dk i[a knkj dhV t+:j fn[kkbZ nxs kA ;g ,d idz kj dh rr;S k gS tks xMq + ds <ys kas ij ;k feBkbZ 12
ij fHkufHkukrh gAS bldk Hkkts u rks 'kkdkgkjh gkrs k gS exj bldk ykokZ ekla kgkjh gAS rr;S k dh dgkuh vkjS Hkh fnypLi gAS rr;S k dh D$q N fdLeas viuh lra ku dh ijofj'k ds fy, feVV~ h ls lnaq j&lnaq j ?kjknaS s cukrh gAaS edfM+;kas ds tkykas dks n[s kdj geeas ls vfèkdk'a k ykxs ukd&HkkaS fldkMs +rs gaS exj budh tkyk cuq us dh dyk vkjS tkys dks FkkMs +k #ddj n[s kas rks mleas ,d fujkykiu n[s kus dks feyrk gAS vkxs ds y[s kkas eas vki ik,x¡ s bu uUgas thokas dh fujkyh nfq u;k dh ,d >ydA vkils vi{s kk gS fd vius vklikl ik, tkus okys thokas dk voykds u djas vkjS mudh nfq u;k ds jgL; dks le>Aas 13
yxrk rks Qy tSlk gS exj--- ;dhu dhft,] bl fp=k eas tks fn[kk;k x;k gS og Qy ugha gAS njvly] ge Hkh ,ls k gh lkps jgs Fks fd bl fp=k eas iMs + dh Vguh ij yVd jgh jpuk Qy gkxs hA ckjhdh ls n[s kk rks ik;k fd ;g rks fdlh dhV dk dD$w u gAS dD$w u ;kuh 'k[a kh ftls vxa tsz +h eas I;iw k dgrs gAaS dhV legw ds frryh] ifrxa s vkfn ds thou dh og voLFkk] ftleas bYyh ,d [kkys eas cna gks tkrh gAS njvly] eaS vius fe=kkas ds lkFk lcq g&lcq g ,d igkM+h ij ljS djus fudyk rks D$¡ Vhyh >kfM+;kas dh Vgfu;kas ls D$q N Qy tlS h jpuk,¡ yVdh gbq Z feyhAa tc Nvq k 14
rc Hkh ;gh yxrk jgk fd dkbs Z Qy gS ftlij dM+k fNydk yca h&lh MBa y dh enn ls Mkyh ls tMq +k gvq k gAS Qy dks fgykvks rks xV&xV dh olS h gh vkokt+ vkbZ tlS s l[w ks ukfj;y ;k fdlh vU; Qy dks fgykus ij vkrh gAS ;g rks ge tkurs gaS fd frryh] ifrxa kas eas vMa s ls fudyus okys tho o;Ldkas ls dkQh vyx gkrs s gAaS bueas dk;kra j.k gkrs k gAS bu dhVkas dh o;Ld eknk vMa s nrs h gS vkjS mueas ls tks cPps fudyrs gaS os vius ekrk&firk ls dkQh fHkUu gkrs s gAaS vMa kas ls fudys tho ds vkdkj eas QD$Z rks gkrs k gh g]S jgokl vkjS Hkkts u Hkh vyx gkrs k gAS tlS s fd frryh vkjS ifrxa kas dh bfYy;kas dk Hkkts u gjs iÙks gkrs s gaS tcfd buls cuus okys o;Ld dk Hkkts u i$w ykas dk jl gkrs k gAS bruk gh ugha rr;S k dh dgkuh rks vkjS Hkh fnypLi gAS budh dbZ itz kfr;kas eas o;Ld 'kkdkgkjh gkrs s gaS tcfd muds cPps ekla kgkjh gkrs s gAaS e<as d eas bldk Bhd mYVk gkrs k gAS o;Ld e<as d ekla kgkjh gkrs s gaS tcfd buds cPps ;kuh VMs ikys 'kkkdkgkjh gkrs s gAaS D$q N njs rd ;gh ppkZ pyrh jghA ppkZ dk #[k rc cnyk tc mlds MBa y dks è;ku ls n[s kkA rc tkdj dgha iDdk gvq k fd MBa y] Mkyh ls olS k gh tMq +k gvq k ugha gS tlS s fd dkbs Z Qy tMq +k gkrs k gAS bl jpuk dk MBa y rks ijw h Vguh ls fyiVk gvq k FkkA ¼n[s kas fp=k e½as A tc bl jpuk dks gkFk yxkdj n[s kk&ij[kk rks iDdk gks x;k fd ;g Qy ugha gAS ;g jpuk rks j's ke ds eghu èkkxkas ls cuq h xbZ gAS j's ke ds eghu èkkxs bl rjg fyiVs gaS fd ;g jpuk dkQh dM+h vkjS et+crw egllw gkrs h gAS njvly] ;g ifrxa s dh ,d itz kfr dk I;iw k gS ftldk uke Vlj flYd ekFW k gAS Vlj flYd ekFW k T+;knkrj D$¡ Vhyh >kfM+;kas ;k iMs +kas dh ifÙk;kas vkjS Vgfu;kas ij vMa s nrs h gAS vMa kas ls tks bfYy;k¡ fudyrh gaS os mUgha iMs +&ikèS kkas dh ifÙk;kas dks 15
D$q rj&D$q rjdj [kkrh vkjS iuirh gAaS ,d fLFkfr ,ls h vkrh gS fd bfYy;k¡ j's ke dk [kkys vk<s + yrs h gaS vkjS Qyueq k jpuk dks vta ke nrs h gAaS D$q N fnukas ckn bl j's ke ds dD$w u eas ls ,d [+kcw ljw r ifrxa k ckgj fudydj mM+ tkrk gAS I;iw k eas ls fudyk Vlj flYd ekFW k vU; ifrxa kas dh rjg gh Vlj flYd ekFW k ds thoupØ eas eknk vMa s nrs h gAS bu vMa kas eas ls bYyh ;kuh dVS jfiyj fudyrk gAS D$q N fnukas ds ckn ;g dVS jfiyj ,d Qyueq k jpuk I;iw k eas rCnhy gks tkrk gAS D$q N le; ds ckn bl I;iw k eas ls i[a k okyk ifrxa k fudyrk gAS ,ls s mnkgj.k iÑz fr eas dkQh feyrs gAaS iMs +&ikèS kkas ij vDlj jxa &fcjxa h bfYy;k¡ rks vkius [kcw n[s kh gkxs hA vkerkjS ij cjlkr ds fnukas eas bfYY;k¡ dkQh rknkn eas fn[kkbZ nrs h gAaS ;s bfYy;k¡ frryh ;k ifrxa s ds thoupØ dh ykokZ voLFkk gAS 16
vki pkgas rks dhVkas ds thoupØ dk vè;;u Hkh dj ldrs gAaS ;fn dgha vkidks bfYy;k¡ feyas rks mudks xÙks ds fMCcs eas j[k nhft, vkjS ftl iMs +&ikèS ks ij ls mudks idM+k gS mldh ifÙk;k¡ Hkh Mky nhft,] rkfd bfYy;kas ds Hkkts u dk icz èa k gks ldAs bfYy;kas dks Hkkts u dkQh ek=kk eas pkfg, gkrs k gAS bfYy;kas dk ,d gh dke gkrs k gS D$q rj&D$q rjdj [kcw [kkukA blfy,] bl ckr dk fo'k\"s k è;ku j[kuk gkxs k fd fMCcs eas ifÙk;k¡ jkts Mkyrs jgAas vc vMa kas eas ls fudyus okyh bfYy;kas vkjS mueas gkus s okys cnykokas dk voykds u djAas bYyh viuh peM+h mrkjrh gS ftls ekfs YVxa dgrs gAaS D$q N le; ds ckn ;g pyrh&fQjrh bYyh vkidks fn[kkbZ ugha nxs hA og vius pkjkas vkjs [kkys vk<s +dj lLq rk jgh gkxs hA ;gh bldh I;iw k voLFkk gAS tc ;g I;iw k voLFkk eas gkrs h gS rc bls Hkkts u dh t+:jr ugha gkrs hA D$q N fnukas ckn I;iw k eas ls ,d [+kcw ljw r i[a knkj frryh ;k ifrxa k ckgj fudyrk gAS 17
D$q njr dh vnH~ krq igys h – dSVjfiyj vxLr dk eghuk vkjS t+kjs nkj ckfj'k---! th gk]¡ eaS nf{k.kh xtq jkr ds èkjeijq dh ckr dj jgk gA¡w ;gk¡ dkQh t+kjs dh vkjS lrr cjlkr gkrs h gAS ,ls k mYy[s k feyrk gS fd ;gk¡ gj lky yxHkx 200 lVas hehVj cjlkr gkrs h gAS blhfy, bls nf{k.k xtq jkr dk pjs kitaw h dgk tkrk gAS t+fkgj gS fd cjlkr T;knk gkrs h gS rks ouLifr Hkh [kcw gkus h pkfg,A gj rjQ iMs + vkjS t+ehu ij gfj;kyh dh pknj---! gk]¡ vc rks lheVas &dkØa hV us bu D$q njrh txa ykas dks mtkM+uk 'k:q dj fn;k gAS vHkh&vHkh cjlkr Fkeh g]S exj vke ds iMs +kas dh >jq eVq ls ikuh dh cM+h&cM+h cn¡w kas ds fxjus dk flyflyk Fkek ugha gAS tc t+ehu ij fuxkg Mkyh rks ik;k fd D$q N e[keyh&gjs jxa ds tho jxas jgs gAaS eaS D;k n[s krk g¡w fd bu dhM+kas dks ,d efgyk >kM+Ã ls bdVB~ k dj jgh gAS euaS s ikl tkdj n[s kk rks ik;k fd yxHkx nk&s rhu bpa ds tho ftudh ihB ij dRFkbZ jxa ds pdÙks vkjS cxy eas jk,s n¡ kj jpuk,¡ gAaS euaS s tho dks gkFk eas yus k pkgk rks ml efgyk us xtq jkrh eas dgk—^^Hkkb]Z res vk dhM+k us gkFk u yxkM+kAs vk tho Fkh reus [kta oky miM+'kAs ,Vys g¡w vk thokas us >kM+w Fkh njw djh jgh NAaw ** cgjgky] efgyk us e>q s prs kouh ns nhA exj eaS ml lnaq j ls tho dks 18
n[s kuk pkgrk FkkA efgyk us viuh >kM+w ls dhM+kas dh ,d <js h cuk nhA mueas ls dbZ tho rks bla kuksa vkjS pkiS k;kas ds ijS kas rys ncdj ne rkMs + pdq s FkAs eaS bu thokas dks n[s kus ds fy, t+ehu ij cBS k gA¡w rHkh ,d cPph ftldk uke fØ'kk g]S og Hkh mu thokas dks n[s kus eas 'kkfey gks xbAZ fØ'kk dgrh gS fd bldk uke ^HkknoM+k* gAS gkykf¡ d mldks ;g irk ugha fd vkf[kj budks HkknoM+k D;kas dgrs gAaS exj ml efgyk us crk;k fd ;s Hkknkas eghus eas gh fn[krs gaS blfy, budks HkknoM+k dgrs gAaS ukedj.k dk ;g fnypLi rjhdk e>q s vpjt eas Mky nrs k gAS >kM+Ã yxkus okyh efgyk us crk;k fd bldks ^iku ppaq M+k* Hkh dgrs gAaS iku ppaw M+k dk vFkZ—tks iÙkkas dks plw tkrk gAS olS s Hkh ;s tho iÙkkas dks bl dnj D$q rj&D$q rjdj [kkrs gaS fd mudh l[r&ekVs h f'kjk,¡ gh cph jg ikrh gAaS vc rd eaS le> pdq k g¡w fd ;g fdlh dhV dk ykokZ gh gAS ejs s dkrS gw y dks n[s k&le>dj fØ'kk e>q s D$q N vkjS crkuk pkgrh gAS fØ'kk us crk;k fd gj lky vke ds iMs + ls djS h rkMs +us ds ckn tlS s gh cjlkr 'k:q gkrs h gS fd ikuppaw M+s iÙkkas ij vk tkrs gAaS mlus e>q ls dgk fd t+jk iMs + ij yxs iÙkkas ij n[s kAas eaS tc vke ds iMs + ij iÙkkas ij ut+j Mkyrk g¡w rks iÙkkas ij e>q s D$q N fn[kkbZ ugha ns jgk gAS eaS ,d---nk-s --rhu iÙkk&nj&iÙkk n[s kuk 'k:q djrk gA¡w eaS cnq cnq k;k—^^dgk¡ pys x, lcds lc\\** vcdh ckj fØ'kk us gl¡ rs g,q dgk—^^vda y iÙkkas ds Åij D$q N fn[kkbZ nus s dk ughAa ---iÙkkas dks myVdj n[s kkAs ** fØ'kk us vke dh Mkyh dks idM+k vkjS ifÙk;kas dks ?keq kdj uhps dh vkjs djds fpids g,q tho dks fn[kk;kA ^^vkgs ;s rks iÙkh ds uhps cBS k g*S *—euaS s rkTt+cq djrs g,q dgkA fQj ,d loky dk tUe gvq k fd iÙks dh Åijh lrg ij ,d Hkh tho ugha fn[k jgk gAS vkf[kj D;k\\as eaS vkjS fØ'kk lkps eas iM+ x,A D$q N&D$q N le> eas vk;k fd T;knkrj dhV iÙkkas dh fupyh lrg ij gh jgrs gAaS exj ,ls k D;k\\as 19
D$q N&D$q N vkjS le> eas vkus yxk fd cjlkr dh cn¡w kas ls cpus eas budks iÙks dh fupyh lrg ij ljq f{kr jgus eas enn feyrh gAS gkykf¡ d bu fnukas èkiw rks fcyD$q y ugha gkrs h gS ;gk¡ ijA l;w uZ kjk;.k dks rks cknykas us vius dCts eas dj j[kk gAS cjlkr dh ckNS kjkas ls cpus dk bu thokas ds ikl ,d gh rjhdk gkrs k gS—iÙkh dh fupyh lrg ij lLq rkukA tks vkjS Hkh fnypLi ckr yxh og ;g fd ;s tho vke ds iÙkkas dh chp okyh ekVs h f'kjk ij bl dnj vius vkidks fQV dj yrs s gaS fd irk gh ugha pyrk fd dkbs Z tho ;gk¡ gS HkhA ,d ckr rks ;g le> eas vkbZ fd iÙkh dh fupyh lrg bu thokas dks ljq {kk inz ku djrh gkxs hA fØ'kk tks fd ukS lky dh cPph g]S mldks ;g rks irk ugha fd vkf[kj ;s dgk¡ ls vkrs gAaS mldks ;g Hkh irk ugha fd ;s fdlh dhV ds ykokZ gAaS og lhèk&s lhèks tks n[s k ldrh gS ;k mlus tks vuHq ko fd;k mldk c[kku og cM+s vPNs ls dj jgh FkhA fØ'kk us dgk fd] ^^;s vke ds iÙkkas dks [kkrs gAaS ** mlus mxa yh ls b'kkjk djrs g,q crk;k—^^bl iÙkh dks bUgha thokas us pV dj Mkyk gAS ** ---'kke gks pyh gAS eaS n[s krk g¡w fd xkjS ;s kas dk >Maq dkys kgy dj jgk gAS xkjS ;s k D$q N t+ehu ij rks D$q N iMs +kas ij vB[kfs y;k¡ dj jgh gAaS fØ'kk vkjS eaS D$q N njs rd mudh vB[kfs y;kas dks fugkjrs jgAs rHkh fØ'kk us e>q s dkgs uh ls b'kkjk djrs g,q èkhjs ls dgk—^^oks pjdyh ml dhV dks [kk jgh gAS ** vc gekjh ckjh Fkh mldh vkjs è;ku ls n[s kus dhA xkjS ;s k dhV dks pkpas eas nckdj ckj&ckj t+ehu ij iVd&iVddj ekjus dh dkfs 'k'k eas yxh gbq Z gAS xkjS ;s k us ykokZ dks cM+h rjdhc ls viuh pkpas eas idM+k vkjS fQj mldks djkjk >Vdk fn;k fd mldh ekla ifs 'k;k¡ vkjS vxa <hys iM+ tk,A djhc 5&7 >Vds nus s ij ykokZ vèkejk gks pdq k gAS vc xkjS ;s k ml ykokZ ds vna j pkpas ?klq kdj [kkus ij ryq h gbq Z gAS 20
vc rd geas ;g le> eas vk x;k fd ;g fdlh frryh dk ykokZ ¼dVs jfiyj½ gAS bldks è;ku ls n[s kk rks ik;k fd blds 'kjhj ij D$q N dkV¡ kas tlS h jpuk,¡ gAaS NkVs s ykokZ ds 'kjhj ij ;s dkV¡a s uje gkrs s gaS exj cM+s ykokZ eas ;s dM+s vkjS dkys jxa ds gks tkrs gAaS t+jk lkoèkkuh ls bu dkV¡ kas dks Nvq k rks yxk fd ;s dkQh udq hys gAaS vc gekjs lkeus puq krS h ;g Fkh fd bldk flj fdèkj gAS njvly] bl ykokZ ds nkus kas fljkas ij gh udq hys mikxa Hkh cjkcj l[a ;k eas gedks feyAs vki Lo;a gh n[s kas fd nkus kas fljkas ij nk&s nks tkMs +h mikxa vkjS buij [kcw lkjs dkV¡ s tlS h jpuk,A¡ geas yxk fd ;g Hkh ,d vthc igys h gAS bl ykokZ ds n'q eukas ds fy, ;g irk djuk bruk vklku ugha gkrs k fd eg¡q fdèkj gAS gekjs fy, ;g vueq ku yxk ikuk vklku Fkk fd ;s ftèkj dks f[kldrs gaS ogh budk eg¡q okyk fgLlk gkxs kA cl fQj D;k FkkA tc ;s t+ehu ij f[kld jgs Fks rks ik;k fd pkMS +s fljs ls vkxs dh vkjs c<+ jgs FkAs t+ehu ij tc ;s f[kld jgs Fks rks ik;k fd budh xfr dkQh èkheh g—S olS h gh tlS h fd ?kk?as ks dh xfrA xfr èkheh gks Hkh D;kas u] vkf[kj ;s iÙkkas ds jgoklh gAaS exj geus ,d ckr vkjS ukfs Vl dh fd ;s iÙkkas ij Hkh dkQh èkhe&s èkhes f[kldrs gAaS 21
vU; igyw bl ykokZ ds igyw gaS ftuds ckjs eas ge D$q N de gh tkurs gAaS tlS s fd ;gk¡ ds ykxs kas dks ;g ugha irk fd blls dkbs Z o;Ld tho fudyrk gAS oks rks bruk gh tkurs gaS fd ;g D$q N fnukas ds ckn ej tkrk gS ;k dgha pyk tkrk gAS cgjgky] e>q s irk Fkk fd pf¡w d ;g ykokZ g]S blfy, blls I;iw k t+:j cuxs k tks ykokZ ds cfuLir O;ogkj vkjS vkdkj vkfn eas ,dne vyx gkxs kA tc blds ckjs eas fdrkckas dks VVkys k rks irk pyk fd ;g fdlh frryh dk ykokZ gAS exj ,d ckr rks lkQ Fkh fd frryh dks bu fnukas vke ds iMs + ij euaS s dHkh ugha n[s kkA bruk gh ugha tc vke ij ekgs j vkrs g]aS rc Hkh ughAa bldk eryc ;g fd frryh viuk Hkkts u&ikuh dgha vkjS ls ikrh gS exj vMa s vke dh ifÙk;kas ij nrs h gAS c's kd] dk;kra j.k dh ;g vthc dgkuh gAS o;Ldkas dk Hkkts u] mudk vkdkj vkjS jgokl vkfn viuh lra kukas ls ,dne t+nq kA 22
dkls e dk dhMk+ lM+d ds cktw dh ckxM+ eas vdko dh >kM+h eas ifÙk;kas ij tlS s gh fuxkg xbZ rks ik;k fd bl ij dhVkas dk tekoM+k gAS D$q N NkVs s rks D$q N cM+As igyh ut+j eas ,d fdLe dk dkyk Hko¡ jk i$w ykas ij eM¡ jkrk fn[kkbZ fn;kA dkys jxa ds Hko¡ js us ekuks ,d i$w y ds lkFk D$q N ckrphr dh vkjS fQj nlw js ij pyk x;k vkjS fQj rhljs ij---A mldk ;g flyflyk pyrk gh jgkA FkkMs +k vkjS è;ku ls n[s kk rks ifÙk;kas ds uhps yky&dkys jxa ds dhV Mjs k tek, FkAs yxrk gS fd ;s iÙkh dh fupyh lrg ij vius vkidks ljq f{kr ikrs gAaS t+kfgj gS fd iÙkh dh fupyh lrg ij vU; f'kdkjh tra vq kas dk è;ku Hkh ugha tkrk gkxs kA 23
;g dhV D$q N tkuk&igpkuk&lk fn[kkbZ ns jgk FkkA yky jxa dk dhV ftl ij D$q N dkys èkCcs gkrs s gAaS bldks vdys s eas rks de gh n[s kk gAS tc tkMs +s eas gkrs s gS rks ;s ihNs dh rjQ ls ,d&nlw js ls fpids g,q gkrs s gAaS bl dhV dk uke g—S jMs dkVW u cx ;kuh fd dikl dk dhM+kA ;g dikl dh [kM+h Qly ij Hkh [kcw ik;k tkrk gAS blhfy, bldks dikl ds dhM+s ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gAS ;g dhV dkls e ds iMs + ij Hkh ik;k tkrk gAS blhfy, bldks dkls e dk dhM+k Hkh dgk tkrk gAS dikl dk dhM+k ml legw dk dhV g]S ftlls [kVey vkrs gAaS bl legw ds dhV ikèS kkas dk jl ihrs gAaS D$q N ,ls s gaS tks vU; d'k#s fd;kas dk [kuw ihrs gAaS dikl ds dhV ds thou eas eD[kh ;k frryh ds leku ykok]Z I;iw k tlS h voLFkk,¡ ugha gkrs hAa vFkkrZ ~ bueas dk;kra j.k ugha gkrs kA vMa kas ls fudyus okys cPps vius ekrk&firk ls dkQh leku gkrs s gAaS dikl ds dhM+s Hkh o;Ldkas dh Hkkf¡ r gh ikèS kkas dk jl plw uk 'k:q dj nrs s gAaS 24
vki pkgas rks bl dhV ds thou pØ dk vè;;u dj ldrs gAaS fdlh pkMS +s eg¡q dh dkp¡ dh ckrs y eas bl dhV ds tkMs +kas dks idM+dj j[k nhft,A lkFk gh mleas ml iMs + dh ifÙk;k¡ Hkh Mky nhft,] tgk¡ ls budks idM+k gAS bl ckr dk è;ku t+:j jf[k, fd ckrs y eas gok dk vkuk&tkuk cuk jgAs bl fygkt+ ls ckrs y ds <Ddu eas NkVs &s NkVs s Nns dj nhft,A ckrs y eas voykds u djrs jgAas D;k vki bl dhV ds vMa s n[s k ik,\\ okLro eas dk;kra j.k dh ifz Ø;k ls dikl dk dhM+k vNrw k jg x;kA ,ls s vkjS Hkh dhV gaS tks tUe ls gh ekrk&firk ds leku fn[kkbZ nrs s gaS vkjS crkoZ djrs gAaS t+jk vius vklikl fuxkg rks Mkfy,A 25
Fkdw dk dhMk+ cxhps eas ?kew rs g,q ,d lnaq j&ls ikèS ks dk ifÙk;kas vkjS dkes y Vgfu;kas ij Fkdw xkys s fpids n[s kdj cpiu dh ;kn rkt+k gks vkbAZ tc ge LD$w y eas i<+us tkrs Fks rks jkLrs ds vkt&w cktw ds ikèS kkas ij Fkdw ds xkys s fpids n[s kus dks feyrs FkAs rc ;gh [+k;ky vkrk Fkk fd lM+d ij pyrs g,q fdlh us bu ikèS kkas ij Fkdw fn;k gAS geeas ls dbZ bu Fkdw ds xkys kas dks n[s kdj ukd&HkkaS fldkMs +rs FkAs ij ejs s eu eas ;g fopkj vkrk Fkk fd ikèS kkas ij bruk lkjk fdlus Fkdw k gkxs k\\ bl ckr dks tkuus ds fy, euaS s tks D$q N Hkh fd;k mls nkLs rkas us xna k dke le>kA gvq k ;¡w fd ,d ni+$k euaS s fruds ls Fkdw dks D$q jns k rks n[s kk fd vna j dkbs Z 26
dhM+k D$q ycyq k jgk gAS rc euaS s ;gh vna ktk yxk;k fd dkbs Z dhM+k ml Fkdw eas vna j ?klq x;k gkxs k ;k fQj dkbs Z dhM+k cBS k gkxs k vkjS ml ij fdlh us Fkdw fn;k gkxs kA [kjS rc ckr vkb&Z xbZ gks xbAZ yfs du fiNys fnukas cxhps eas ml Fkdw vkjS dhM+s ds jgL; dks tkuus dk ekdS k feyk rks ekeyk jkps d gks x;kA igyh ckr rks ;g irk pyh fd iMs +&ikèS kkas ij fdlh bla ku us ugha Fkdw k cfYd ;g rks ,d dhV dk deky gAS vpjt dh ckr gAS [knq Fkdw xs k vkSj--- vly eas ,d fdLe ds dhV dk cPpk [knq ^Fkdw rk* gS vkjS fQj mlds vna j ?klq dj vkjke Qjekrk gAS njvly ;g Fkdw ,d idz kj dh dhV ds cPps ds 'kjhj ls fudyk noz gS ftls og Lo;a >kx dk :i nrs k gAS pf¡w d dhV dk cPpk Fkdw tlS s inkFkZ ds vna j jgrk g]S blfy, bls ^Fkdw dk dhM+k* vkjS vxa tsz h eas ^LihVy bla Ds V* ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gAS cjlkr ds fnukas eas Qlykas vkjS vU; ikèS kkas ij bldks vklkuh ls n[s kk tk ldrk gAS Fkdw ds dhV dh eknk ikèS kkas dh ifÙk;kas o rukas ij vMa s nrs h gAS vMa kas ls tks tho fudyrk gS og vius ekrk&firk ls dkQh feyrk&tyq rk gAS vMa kas ls fudyk cPpk ikèS kkas dk jl plw dj viuk iVs Hkjrk gS vkjS bl nkjS ku og vius ey}kj ls ,d rjy inkFkZ NkMs +rk gAS ,d rjQ rks og rjy inkFkZ NkMs +rk gS vkjS ogha nlw jh rjQ vius iVs eas fLFkr ,d okYo ;Dq r Nns ls bl rjy inkFkZ eas gok i$¡w drk gAS tc gok bl rjy inkFkZ ij iM+rh gS rks mlesa [kcw lkjk >kx cu tkrk g]S tks Fkdw tlS k fn[krk gAS bl >kx ;Dq r rjy inkFkZ ds Hkhrj f'k'kq dhV jgus yxrk gAS vki lkps jgs gkxas s fd ;g Hkkts u dgk¡ ls vkjS dlS s djrk g\\S njvly ;g ftl ikèS ks ij jgrk g]S ogha ij—Fkdw ds xkys s ls ckgj fudys fcuk gh—vna j&gh&vna j ikèS ks dk jl plw rk jgrk gAS 27
ljq {kk dop dhV ds f'k'kq dks bl >kxnkj rjy inkFkZ ls ljq {kk ikz Ir gkrs h gAS ;g rjy inkFkZ fpifpik vkjS cncnw kj gkrs k gS vr% dkbs Z vU; f'kdkjh tra q blds utnhd Hkh ugha QVdrkA ;gh dkj.k gS fd pjus okys tkuoj ,ls s ikèS kkas ds iÙkkas vkfn dks ugha [kkrAs ;g dhV cjlkr ds fnukas eas dbZ Qlyksa tlS s exaw ] mM+n vkfn ij Hkh n[s kk tkrk gAS Fkdw ds dhM+s dh yxHkx 2000 itz kfr;k¡ n[s kh xbZ gAaS o;Ld dhV dh yca kbZ M<s + l-s eh- gkrs h gAS bl dhV dh D$q N fdLesa ,ls s inkFkZ dk óko djrh gaS tks ?kk?as ks ds 'kjhj ij ik, tkus okys [kkys tlS k dM+d gks tkrk gAS 'kk;n ;gh otg Fkh fd fdlh le; tho&'kkfL=k;kas us bl dhV dks dM+d [kkys ds vkèkkj ij Hkez o'k ?kk?as ks ds lkFk oxhÑZ r dj fn;k FkkA exj ckn eas bls dhV legw eas j[kk x;k] tks mfpr gAS rks vc vkidks tgk¡ dgha Hkh fdlh ouLifr ij Fkdw tlS k D$q N fn[kkbZ ns rks vki ukd&HkkaS er fldkfs M+, D;kfas d ;g ml dhV dh djkekr gS tks viuh ljq {kk ds fy, ,ls k djrk gAS 28
lra ku dh ijofj'k dk vuk[s kk rjhdk flrca j eghus dh nkis gjh dk oD+r gAS eaS vius ?kj eas cBS k gA¡w rHkh n[s krk g¡w fd ,d dRFkb&Z ihys jxa dk i[a knkj dhV xuq &xuq djrk gvq k ckj&ckj ?kj ds vna j ?klq rk vkjS ykVS tkrk gAS bl ckj eaS mls è;ku ls n[s krk g¡w rks irk pyrk gS fd mlus viuh Vkx¡ kas eas gjs jxa dh dkbs Z ,d pht+ idM+h gbq Z gAS ml gjs jxa dh yca h&lh pht+ dks mlus dejs dh nhokj ds dkus s eas feVV~ h ds ?kjknaS s eas cus ,d Nns ls ?klq k fn;kA vk'p;Z bl ckr dk gks jgk Fkk fd feVV~ h dk bruk lnaq j ?kjknaS k Hkh cuk MkykA lkps rs g,q D$q Egkj dh ;kn rkt+k gks vkbZ tks lnaq j&lnaq j eVdh]s ljq kgh oxjS g cukrs gAaS exj euaS s lkps k fd gks u gks D$q Egkj us eVdh] ljq kgh bUgha dhVkas ds ?kjknaS kas dks n[s kdj lh[kh gkAs ge rr;S k dks bl :Ik eas tkurs gaS fd ;g Mda ekj nrs h gAS bldk Mda dkQh tyu djrk gAS ,d fdLe dh rr;S k ?kj eas ljq f{kr txg ij] fctyh ds ehVj ds bn&Z fxn]Z Nrkas ds dkus kas eas NÙkk cuk yrs h gAS rr;S k dh nfq u;k eas >kd¡ dj n[s kas rks ;g nfq u;k vpjt ls Hkjh iM+h gAS njvly rr;S k dhV legw dk lnL; gAS dhV legw eas rr;S k dk O;ogkj ,dne t+nq k gAS D$q N lkekftd thou thrs gaS rks D$q N vdys As vdys s thou thus okyh rr;S k dh D$q N fdLeas vnH~ krq O;ogkj djrh gAaS ejs h ftKklk c<+rh gS fd vkf[kj ekeyk D;k gAS vxyh ckj tc og ?kj ds vna j vk;k rks euaS s mldks è;ku ls n[s kk fd vkf[kj og vius ijS kas eas nckdj D;k&D;k yk;k gAS euaS s n[s kk fd og viuh Vkx¡ kas eas bYyh dks nckdj yk;k gS vkjS 29
vc og feVV~ h ds ?kjknaS s eas cus nlw js Nns eas ml bYyh dks nQu dj jgk gAS tks bYyh ml i[a knkj dhM+s dh Vkx¡ kas eas nch gbq Z g]S yxrk gS og ft+na k gS exj cgs k's kh dh gkyr eas gAS ejs s fy, ekeyk vkjS Hkh fnypLi gks tkrk gAS i[a knkj dhM+s dks n[s kus ij yxk fd ;g ,d fdLe dh rr;S k gAS ftl rr;S k dh ckr dh tk jgh gS og feVV~ h dk ?kjknaS k cukrh gAS ejs s fnekx esa dbZ loky meM+us yxAs ,d rks ;g fd vkf[kj feVV~ h dk bruk lnqa j ?kjknaS k dlS s cuk;k gkxs kA euaS s ?kjknaS s dks Nvq k rks ik;k fd ;g dkQh et+crw gAS ftl rr;S k dh ge ckr dj jgs gaS og feVV~ h dk ?kjknaS k cukrh gS vkjS mleas vMa s nrs h gAS bruk gh ugh]a vMa kas eas ls fudys cPpkas dh ijofj'k ds fy, mleas ft+na k bfYy;kas dks nQu djrh gAS vkb,] n[s krs gaS bl ijw s ekeys dkAs lcls igys eknk rr;S k xhyh feVV~ h dh ryk'k djrh gAS ogk¡ ls xhyh feVV~ h dh xkfs y;k¡ cukdj vius eg¡q vkjS Vkx¡ kas eas nckdj ,ls s LFkku ij ykrh gS tgk¡ mldks ?kjknaS k cukuk gkrs k gAS ;g ifz Ø;k rr;S k dks ckj&ckj nkgs jkuk iM+rk gAS vkjS bl ifz Ø;k eas mldh dkQh ÅtkZ Hkh [kpZ gkrs h gAS tlS k fd igys mYy[s k fd;k x;k gS fd rr;S k tks ?kjknaS k cukrh g]S og eVds ds vkdkj ls dkQh feyrk&tyq rk gkrs k gAS gks ldrk gS fd bla ku us eVdk cukus dh dyk blh rr;S k ls lh[kh gkAs pf¡w d eVds dh vkÑfr ls feyrk&tyq rk ?kjknaS k gkrs k g]S blhfy, bldks vxa tsz h eas ikVW j okLi vkjS fgna h eas D$q Egkj rrS;k ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gAS rr;S k vius vMa k&as cPpkas dh ijofj'k ds fy, ,d uk;kc rjhdk viukrh gAS njvly ;g lnaq j lk ?kjknaS k cukdj mleas cPpkas dh [kjq kd ds fy, ft+na k bfYy;kas dks nQu djrh gaS exj [knq 'kkdkgkjh gkrs h gAS tc vMa kas eas ls cPpk fudyrk gS rks og bu cgs k's k dh xbZ bfYy;kas dks viuk vkgkj cukrk gAS IkkVW j okLi lkekftd thou ugha thrh] cfYd ,dkra oklh gkrs h gAS ;g cjZ ls vkdkj eas cM+h gkrs h gAS lcls igys eknk rr;S k xhyh feVV~ h dk òkrs <<¡w +rh gS vkjS fdlh ljq f{kr LFkku 30
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ij ?kjknaS k cukus dh 'k#q vkr djrh gAS ckj&ckj xhyh feVV~ h ds òkrs rd tkuk] feVV~ h dh xkfs y;k¡ cukuk vkjS ?kjknaS s rd ykuk dkQh Fkdk nus s okyk dke gkrs k gAS ?kjknaS s dks et+crw cukus ds fy, og vius eg¡q ls òkfor D$q N rjy inkFkZ feykrh gAS vxj bl ?kjknaS s dh et+crw h dh ckr djas rks ;g dkQh n<` + vkjS fVdkÅ gkrs k gAS ,d ?kjknaS s eas ,d ls yds j rhu ;k pkj d{k gkrs s gAaS iRz ;ds d{k Lor=a k gkrs k gAS ;s d{k rr;S k dh lra ku ds fy, gkrs s gAaS bUgas rr;S k ds cPpkas dk ikyuk ?kj dgk tkuk vufq pr ugha gkxs kA cgjgky] vc rr;S k ds fy, vxyh puq krS h gkrs h gS viuh lra kukas ds fy, Hkkts u dh O;oLFkk djukA rr;S k dh lra ku dk Hkkts u gkrs k gS ekla kgkj bfYy;kA¡ gaS u et+snkj ckr fd ,d itz kfr dh lra ku fdlh vkjS itz kfr dh lra kukas dks Hkkts u cukdj vius vfLrRo dks dk;e j[krh gAS rr;S k ds fy, e'kDdr Hkjk dke gkrs k gS bfYy;kas dks [kkts uk vkjS mudks cgs k's k djds ?kjknaS s rd mBkdj ykukA ;g n[s kk x;k gS fd bfYy;kas dk vkdkj vkjS otu rr;S k ds cjkcj ;k mlls Hkh T;+ knk gks ldrk gAS ;kuh fd rr;S k vius cjkcj ;k dgha T+;knk otu mBk ldrh gAS ;g Hkh n[s kk x;k gS fd rr;S k ,d d{k eas 6 ls 8 bfYy;kas dks nQu djrh gAS vFkkrZ ~ viuh ,d lra ku ds Hkkts u ds fy, dkQh e'kDdr djrh gAS tc eknk rr;S k dks ;dhu gks tk, fd mldh lra ku ds fy, vkgkj ds i[q rk bra t+ke gks x, gaS rks fQj og ml d{k eas ,d vMa k nrs h gS vkjS fQj d{k dks feVV~ h ls cna dj nrs h gAS ikVW j okLi ds vMa kas ls fudyk tho nQu dh xbZ bYyh dks viuk vkgkj cukrk tkrk gAS ;g n[s kk x;k gS fd rr;S k ds vMa s eas ls fudyk tho nQu dh xbZ bYyh dks ijw k ugha [kkrk cfYd mlds vna j dk jl plw rk gS vkjS vra eas cp tkrk gS bYyh dk [kkys A gS uk fnypLi ekeyk fd tks o;Ld rr;S k i$w ykas dk jl plw dj viuk ik\"s k.k djrh gS ogha viuh lra ku dh ijofj'k ds fy, bfYy;kas dks cgs k's k djds muds fy, ekla kgkj Hkkts u dh O;oLFkk djrh gAS 32
dkV¡ kas dk ?kjkSna k eklS e cjlkr dk gAS cjlkr FkkMs +h lh Fkeh vkjS eaS ?kew us fudy iM+kA euaS s ut+j tlS s gh t+ehu ij Mkyh fd dkV¡ kas ds [kkys eas ?klq k gvq k ,d uUgk lk vt+wck fn[kkbZ fn;kA uUgk lk ;g tho bruk èkhe&s èkhes f[kld jgk Fkk fd ekuks dN,q ls èkhes pyus dh 'krZ yxkbZ gkAs eaS D$q N njs rd bl dhV dks n[s krk gh jgkA ejs s dne bl uUgas tho ds vt+wcis u dks fugkjus ds fy, #d x, FkAs dkV¡ kas ds [kkys dks ?klhVrk gvq k pyk tk jgk Fkk vkjS t+ehu ij ihNs dh rjQ viuh ?klhVus ds fu'kku NkMs +s tk jgk FkkA euaS s bl uUgas ls tho dks gYds ls tlS s gh Nvq k fd mlus vius flj dks dkV¡ s ds [kkys eas vna j olS s gh [khpa fy;k tlS s fd dNvq k vius 'kjhj dks [kkys eas cna dj yrs k gAS dkV¡ s dk [kkys vk<s +s tho dkQh loa ns u'khy irz hr gvq kA blls Hkh dgha T+;knk vt+cà kiu Fkk mlds cnu ij dkV¡ kas dk [kkys A ;dhu dhft,] ,d uUgas ls 33
tho ds fy, dkV¡ kas dks ,d&,d djds ,d=k djuk vkjS dkV¡ kas dks cM+s lyhds s ls ,d [+kkl rjg ls lVkdj fpidkuk dkbs Z ekeyw h ckr rks ugh!a cjlkr ds fnukas eas txa y] ckx&cxhps ;k jkLrs eas vkius dkV¡ kas ;k frudkas dks fpiddj jgus okys dhV dks t+:j n[s kk gkxs kA bl uUgas tho dks n[s kdj lglk dbZ loky fnekx eas meM+rs gAaS elyu ;g dkV¡ kas ;k frudkas dks brus lyhds ls dlS s fpidkrk gkxs k\\ vkfnA njvly] tks tho bu frudkas eas fpiddj mueas jgrs gaS ;s o;Ld tho ugha cfYd ifrxa s dh ,d [+kkl itz kfr dh bYyh gkrs h gAS ;g bYyh dkV¡ kas ;k frudkas dks ,d=k dj mudks lyhds ls vkil eas j's ke ls fpidkrh gS vkjS [kkys ds vna j j's ke dk eyq k;e vLrj cukdj mleas jgrh gAS njvly] ;g ifrxa s ¼ekFW k½ dh itz kfr g]S ftldk uke gS lkbfdM ekFW k (Psychid moth)A vkerkjS ij ge tc dkV¡ s ds [kkys vkjS bleas jgus okyh bYyh dks n[s krs gaS rks ;g vglkl ugha gkrs k fd ;g ifrxa s dh lra ku gAS dkV¡ kas ds [kkys eas jgus okys bl tho dk o;Ld i[a knkj ifrxa k gAS pf¡w d ;g dkV¡ s ds [kkys eas jgrk gS blhfy, bl dhM+s dks ^dkV¡ s dk dhM+k* Hkh dgrs gAaS olS s vkidks dkV¡ kas ds vykok frudkas dks fpidk, g,q blh rjg ds vuk[s ks tho n[s kus dks fey ldrs gAaS exj bu lceas ,d lekurk ;g gkrs h gS fd ;s lc ds lc [+kkl itz kfr ds ifrxa kas ds ykokZ g]aS ftudh vyx&vyx fdLeas [kkys cukus ds fy, vyx&vyx lkexhz bLres ky djrh gAaS 34
pyrk&fQjrk dkV¡ s dk [kkys tc eknk dhV vaMs nsrh gS rks buds iw$Vus ij ykokZ fudyrk gSA ;g ykokZ ccwy ds dk¡Vksa dks bdV~Bk djds ,d 'kkunkj [kksy cukrk gS vkSj mlesa jgrk gSA vkerkSj ij dbZ dhVksa esa ykokZ&voLFkk esa dhV dkQh LoPNan gksdj fcuk dksbZ vkoj.k vks<+s jsaxrs gq, fn[kkbZ iM+rs gSaA ijarq ;g ykokZ viokn gS tks ckgjh oLrqvksa ;kuh fd dk¡Vksa ;k frudksa dk [kksy cukdj mlesa jgrk gSA bl voLFkk esa ;g vius eq¡g okys fgLls dks vanj&ckgj mlh izdkj dj ldrk gS ftl izdkj dNqvk vius flj dks dM+s [kksy esa ls vanj&ckgj djrk gSA tc bldks NsM+k tk, rks vius vkidks bl dk¡Vs ds [kksy esa lesV ysrk gSA Dq$N fnuksa rd ;g ykokZ [kksy dks vks<+s pyrk&fQjrk jgrk gS vkSj fQj fdlh ouLifr dh Vguh ls [kksy dks fpidk ysrk gSA Vguh ls fpidk dkV¡ s dk [kkys vkerkjS ij ;g pyrk&fQjrk dkV¡ kas dk ?kjknaS k cjlkr ds fnukas eas gh fn[kkbZ nrs k gAS cjlkr ds ckn ;g fdlh ikèS ks dh Vguh ls fpid tkrk gAS bl nkjS ku ;g [kkuk&ihuk cna dj nrs k gS vkjS fuf\"Ø; :i ls lLq rkrk jgrk gAS eknk ifrxa k—uj ifrxa k bl dhV dk lcls fnypLi igyw ;g gS fd bleas o;Ld eknk ifrxa k i[a kfoghu vkjS bYyhueq k gh gkrs h gAS eknk ifrxa k ijw h ft+na xh blh [kkys eas jgrh gAS eknk o;Ld ifrxa s dk lca èa k ckgjh nfq u;k ls dos y gok dk gh gkrs k gAS ckdh og bl [kkys esa gh jgrh gAS uj ifrxa k [kkys eas ls ckgj fudyrk gS vkjS Lor=a k :i ls thou;kiu djrk gAS dkV¡ s ds [kkys dks ckgj ls n[s kdj ;g r; dj ikuk efq 'dy gS fd ;g uj dk gS ;k eknk dkA 35
dSls gkrs k gS itz uu cjlkr 'k:q gkus s ds nkjS ku uj ifrxa k bYyhueq k eknk ifrxa s ¼tks fd dkV¡ s ds [kkys eas cna jgrh g½S ls lia D$Z LFkkfir djrk gAS uj ifrxa k eknk ifrxa s ls lia D$Z djus ds fy, mlds [kkys ds Åijh fljs ls ,d Nns djrk gS vkjS vius 'kjhj ds mnj ;kuh fd iVs okys Hkkx dks bl [kkys eas ioz 's k djkrk gAS uj ifrxa s dk mnj okyk Hkkx [kfa Mr gkrs k gS ftldks og lfq oèkkulq kj yca kbZ eas fldkMs + ;k QyS kdj cM+k dj ldrk gAS bl rjg mnj Hkkx dks [kkys eas Mkydj uj ifrxa k [kkys eas fNih eknk ds 'kjhj eas 'kØq k.kq ioz 's k dj nrs k gAS rRi'pkr~ eknk ds 'kjhj eas vMa kas dk fu\"kps u gkrs k gAS eknk ifrxa k mlh [kkys eas vius vki dks dkQh fldkMs + yrs h gS rkfd vMa kas dks j[kus dh i;kIZ r txg cu ldAs bl ijq kus [kkys eas gh vMa s i$w Vrs gaS vkjS mueas ls NkVs &s NkVs s ykokZ fudyrs gAaS ykokZ [kkys eas ls ckgj fudydj dkV¡ s bdVB~ k djrs gaS vkjS mudks fpidkdj u;k ?kjknaS k cukrs gAaS vkSj vra eas tc blds ckjs eas xko¡ ds ykxs kas ls iNw k rks mUgkuas s crk;k fd dkV¡ s dk dhM+k gekjs i'kvq kas ds fy, dkQh [krjukd gkrs k gAS [+kkldj cdfj;k¡ vxj xyrh ls bldks ifÙk;kas ds lkFk [kk yas rks os ej tkrh gAaS bl dhM+s dks [kkus ls cdjh txq kyh ugha dj ikrh gAS vra r% cdjh ej tkrh gAS xko¡ okykas dk ;g Hkh dguk gS fd olS s rks cdjh tc iÙks [kkrh gS rks dkQh è;ku j[krh gAS 36
,d ntw s ds fy, gkdW ifrxa k vkSj eèkeq kyrh ds i$w y dgkuh gS cjlkr dh ,d 'kke dhA vkx¡ u eas eèkeq kyrh dh cys eas yxs i$w ykas ij ,d frryhueq k dhM+k eM¡ jkrk ut+j vk;kA euaS s bl vkjs cgrq è;ku ugha fn;k] ij ejs h cVs h us crk;k fd frryhueq k dhM+k i$w ykas ij eM¡ jkrk gS vkjS og vius eg¡q eas dkbs Z frudus eq k pht+ dks nck, g,q gAS ml fruds dks vius eg¡q eas idM+dj mls eèkeq kyrh ds uyhnkj i$w ykas ds vna j Mkyrk gAS tc cPph dh ckr dks luq k rks eaS Hkh ijw s ekeys dks tkuus vkjS le>us ds fy, mRldq gks mBkA yfs du rcrd njs gks pdq h FkhA vFkkrZ ~ jkr ds vèa kjs s eas dhM+kas dh i$w ykas ij vkoktkgh de gks xbZ FkhA eaS nlw js fnu dh 'kke dk bra t+kj djus yxkA nlw js fnu 'kke dks eaS eèkeq kyrh dh cys ij fuxkgas xM+k, g,q FkkA bèkj l;w Z viuh jk's kuh leVs jgk Fkk] mèkj i[a knkj dhM+s irk ugha dgk¡ ls rts +h ls mM+&mM+dj 37
vkus yxs vkjS eèkeq kyrh ds i$w ykas ij eM¡ jkus yxAs i$w ykas ij eM¡ jkus ds lkFk gh muds eg¡q ds vkxs yca h&lh frudus eq k jpuk fn[kkbZ nus s yxh ftls os uyhnkj i$w y ds vna j Mkyrs vkjS pna lDs $a M eas ckgj fudkydj fdlh vkjS i$w y dh vkjs e[q kkfrc gks tkrAs Hkjw s jxa dk dhM+k tks fn[kus eas frryhueq k exj mM+us eas frryh ls dbZ xuq k rts +] et+crw i[a k vkjS 'kjhj ds èkuh mM+r&s mM+rs gh i$w ykas ds vna j gh dkbs Z yca h&lh] yphys frud&s lh pht+ dks MkyrAs ejs h ftKklk c<+ xbZ vkjS ;g irk djus eas yx x;k fd vkf[kj ekeyk D;k gAS dhVkas dh O;kid nfq u;k eas ,d tho gS dUoyO;yq l gkdW ekFW kA bl ekFW k dh lMaw dh yca kbZ luq dj vki t+:j pkdaS mBxas As th gk]¡ bldh lMaw ;kuh fd ikz cs kfs ll dh yca kbZ gkrs h gS yxHkx 10&12 lVas hehVjA jkr ds vèa kjs s eas lfØ; jgus okyk ;g dhV Hkkjr Hkj eas gj dgha eèkeq kyrh vkjS blh rjg ds >kM+hueq k ouLifr ij] ftueas uyhnkj i$w y yxrs g]aS eM¡ jkrs g,q n[s kk tk ldrk gAS pf¡w d ;g dhV jkr eas fopj.k djrk gS bl dkj.k ls vke bla kukas dh fuxkgas bl ij ugha iM+rhA ;fn bldks ljljh rkjS ij n[s kas rks ,d ut+j eas rks ;g gfexa cMZ dk ,glkl djkrk gAS gfexa cMZ dh [+kcw h gkrs h gS fd ;g mM+rs g,q gh i$w ykas dk edjna ihrk gAS ;|fi gekjs ;gk¡ dh iLq rdkas eas tks mnkgj.k i's k fd, tkrs gaS oks T+;knkrj nlw js n's kkas eas ik, tkus okys dhVkas ds gkrs s gAaS tc bu iLq rdkas dks n[s kk tkrk gS rks vke tu dh ;g lkps curh gS fd ,ls s fofp=k dhV nlw js n's kkas eas gh ik, tkrs gkxas As yfs du ;g ekuuk Bhd ugha gAaS vkb, viuh Hkkjr Hkfw e ij feyus okys fofp=k dhVkas eas ls bl dhV ds ckjs eas tkusaA ;fn xkjS ls n[s kk tk, rks et+crw i[a kkas dh cnkyS r rts +h ls mM+us okys bl ifrxa s dks jkr ds vèa kjs s eas i$w ykas ij eM¡ jkrs g,q n[s kk tk ldrk gAS et+crw 'kjhj okyk ;g ifrxa k i$w ykas ij cBS rk ugha cfYd mM+rs g,q gh i$w ykas dk eèkjq l ihrk gAS gkdW ifa rxs rts +] mM+kD$w vkjS fn[kus eas dkQh et+crw 'kjhj okys gkrs s gAaS yxHkx 10&12 lVas hehVj yca h lMaw okyk tc ;g ifrxa k i$w ykas ij eM¡ jkrk gS rks i[a kkas ds QM+QM+kus ij tks vkokt+ inS k gkrs h gS oks njw ls gokbZ tgkt dh vkrh vkokt+ ls feyrh&tyq rh gkrs h gAS 38
bu i[a knkj dhM+kas dh vkoktkgh py jgh FkhA 'kk;n D$q N njs mM+r&s mM+rs vkjS i$w ykas ij eM¡ jkrs g,q Fkddj nhokj ij vkjS ;gk&¡ ogk¡ iukg ys jgs FkAs ;g ejs s fy, vPNk ekdS k Fkk—mu dhM+s dks bRehuku ds lkFk n[s kus vkjS ij[kus dk! dhMk+ cuke dhV cuke ifrxa k lcls igys rks ;g igpku ,d >Vds eas gks xbZ fd ;g ,d dhV gS D;kfas d 'kjhj rhu Hkkxkas ¼flj] o{k vkjS mnj½ eas cV¡ k gvq k vkjS rhu tkMs +h Vkx¡ as n[s kh xbA± gkykf¡ d dhVkas ds y{k.kkas dh Qgs fjLr eas vkjS pht+as Hkh tMq +rh gaS exj ;fn mi;DZq r nks igpku dj yas rks Hkh ckr cu tkrh gAS gkykf¡ d euaS s ml dhV eas D$q N vkjS pht+as Hkh n[s kh] elyu Li'kdZ ¼,fa Vuk½] l;a Dq r vk[¡ k]as vkfnA ljljh rkjS ij ,ls k yxk fd ;g frryh gAS tc blds ckjs eas vkjS tkuus dh dkfs 'k'k dh rks irk pyk fd ;g frryh ugha gAS okLro eas ;g ,d ifrxa k gAS frryh vkSj ifrxa s % igpku efq 'dy ugha dhV legw eas frryh vkjS ifrxa s ,d gh legw ¼yfs iMkIs Vjs k½ eas vkrs gAaS frryh vkjS ifrxa s nkus kas eas gh nks tkMs +h i[a k vkjS D$aq Mfyr lMaw ¼ikz cs kfs ll½ gkrs h gAS lMaw dh enn ls ;s i$w ykas dk edjna plw rs gAaS blds ckot+wn Hkh bueas QD$Z djuk vklku gkrs k gAS vkerkjS ij frrfy;k¡ fnu eas lfØ; jgrh gaS tcfd ifrxa s l;w kLZ r ds cknA [+kkldj cjlkr ds fnukas eas cYc vkjS V;~ cw ykbV ds vklikl eM¡ jkus okys frryhueq k dhV ifrxa s gh gkrs s gAaS frryh vkjS ifrxa s eas ,d [+kkl vra j gkrs k gS i[a kkas ds QyS ko dkA frryh tc cBS rh gS rks mlds i[a k [kM+s gkrs s gaS tcfd ifrxa s ds i[a k t+ehu dh lrg ds lekra j QyS s jgrs gAaS ,d vra j vkjS gS—frryh ds Li'kdZ xBkunkj gkrs s gaS tcfd ifrxa s eas eyq k;e vkjS jks,¡nkjA tc irk py x;k fd ;g ifrxa s dh ,d fdLe gS rks fQj loky mBk fd vkf[kj ml fruds dk D;k gvq k tks mM+rs le; blds eg¡q ds vkxs fn[krk gAS euaS s 39
vueq ku yxk;k fd dgha ,ls k rks ugha fd ;g dgha ls mBkdj vius eg¡q eas nck yrs k gkAs exj fQj fnekx eas vk;k fd frrfy;kas vkjS ifrxa kas eas edjna plw us ds fy, ,d [k+ kl jpuk gkrs h gS tks lMaw ¼ikz cs kfs ll½ dgykrh gAS tc frrfy;kas vkjS ifrxa kas dks i$w y&ifÙk;kas dk jl plw uk gkrs k gS rHkh ;s bl lMaw dks [kkys rs gaS ojuk ;g ?kMh+ dh fLixza ds leku D$aq Myh [kkbZ gbq Z eg¡q ds uhps gkrs h gAS tc frryh i$w ykas dk jl plw rh gS rks og i$w y ij cBS rh gS vkjS viuh fLixaz ueq k lMaw dks rkudj yca k djrh gAS gYds Hkjw s jxa ds bl ifrxa s ds 'kjhj ij dRFkbZ jxa ds èkCcs iM+s gkrs s gAaS vkxs nks yca s ,fa Vuk vkjS nks dRFkbZ jxa dh D$a ikmMa vk[¡ kas fy, ;g dhV Hkkjr eas gj dgha n[s kk tk ldrk gAS ;g LQhfa xMh ifjokj dk lnL; gAS gkdW ekFW k et+crw 'kjhj okys vkjS rts + mM+kD$w gkrs s gAaS budh mM+us dh xfr 50&55 fdykes hVj ifz r ?kVa s gkrs h gAS ;fn dgha fdlh txg ij cBS tk,a rks tYnh ls mM+us eas vius vkidks l{ke ugha ikrs gAaS ;s igys vius 'kjhj dks okevZ i ;kuh fd xeZ djrs gAaS fQj èkhjs ls mM+rs gAaS D;k vki Hkh bu ifrxa kas ls :c: gkus k pkgrs g\\aS ;fn gk¡ rks blds fy, jkr eas f[kyus okys uyhnkj i$w ykas ij jkr eas gh fuxkg j[kuh gkxs hA e>q s yx jgk Fkk fd gks u gks ;g frudus eq k pht+ bldh lMaw gkAs euaS s ifrxa s dks idM+k vkjS ifas ly dh ukds ls flj ds uhps [kkp¡ s eas ls lMaw dks fudkydj yca k fd;k rks ge lcds fy, ;g vkBoas vk'p;Z ls c<+dj [kkts Fkh—tukc ifrxa s dh lMaw fudyh yxHkx 10 lVas hehVj yca h! ;kuh fd ifrxa s dh yca kbZ ls lMaw dkbs Z rhu xuq k yca h FkhA gkdW ifrxa kas dh [+kkfl;r gkrs h gS fd ;s mM+r&s mM+rs gh i$w ykas dk edjna plw rs g]aS i$w ykas ij cBS rs ughAa tc irk py x;k fd ;g rks bldh lMaw gS rks fQj dYiuk ds ?kkMs +s nkMS +us yxAs bl Hkjw s jxa ds gkdW ifrxa s dks i$w y ij eM¡ jkrs n[s k e>q s gfexa cMZ dh ;kn rkt+k gks xbAZ et+crw 'kjhj okyk ;g ifrxa k i$w ykas ij cBS rk ugh]a cfYd mM+rs g,q gh i$w ykas dk eèkjq l ihrk gAS gkdW ifa rxs rts + mM+kD$w vkjS fn[kus eas dkQh et+crw 'kjhj okys gkrs s 40
gAaS yxHkx 10&12 lVas hehVj yca h lMaw okyk tc ;g ifrxa k i$w ykas ij eM¡ jkrk gS rks i[a kkas ds QM+QM+kus ij tks vkokt+ inS k gkrs h gS oks njw ls gokbZ tgkt dh vkrh vkokt+ ls feyrh&tyq rh gkrs h gAS ,d&ntw s ds fy, gkWd ekWFk vkSj uyhnkj iw$y okyh ouLifr] ;s nksuksa lkFk&lkFk fodkl (Co-Evolution) dk ,d cf<+;k mnkgj.k i's k djrs gAaS T+;knkrj i$w y tks jkr eas ;k l;w kLZ r ds ckn f[kyrs g]aS os lQns ;k gYds jxa ds gkrs s gaS vkjS mueas dkQh egd gkrs h gAS egd dh otg ls bl idz kj ds i$w y dhVkas dks viuh vkjs vkdf\"krZ dj ikrs gAaS ,ls s vfèkdk'a k i$w ykas dk ijkxu ifrxa kas ds }kjk gks ikrk gAS T+;knkrj gkdW ekFW k eas lMaw dkQh yca h gkrs h gAS 1862 eas pkYlZ MkfouZ dk è;ku bl vkjs x;k fd eMs kxkLdj eas ik, tkus okys vkfD$Z M ds uyhnkj i$w y eas edjna xfaz Fk;k¡ ,dne inas s eas yxHkx 10&13 bpa xgjkbZ eas gkrs h gAS mudks vna ktk ugha Fkk fd dkbs Z dhV bruh xgjkbZ eas edjna ikz Ir djrk gkxs k vkjS ijkxu djrk gkxs kA ijra q oys ls us vueq ku yxk;k fd gkdW ekFW k gh bldk ijkxu djrk gkxs kA lu~ 1903 eas eMs kxkLdj eas ,d gkdW ekFW k n[s kk x;k ftldh lMaw dh yca kbZ 11 bpa yca h gkrs h gAS geus tks Hkjw s jxa dk gkdW ifrxa k n[s kk bldk Hkh uyhnkj i$w y okyh ouLifr ls xgjk rkYydq fn[kkbZ nrs k gAS vkx¡ u eas yxs vdko] jkrjkuh vkjS iihrs ds i$w ykas ij ;s Hkyw dj Hkh ugha igp¡q rAs bl rjg ds fj'rs eas ^yus &nus * dk [kklk egRo gS—bl gkFk nks vkjS ml gkFk ykAs Þ eèkeq kyrh ds i$w y geus gkdW ifrxa s dh rks [kcw lkjh ppkZ dj yh] exj eèkeq kyrh ds i$w y dh ckr fd, fcuk ekeyk vèkjw k jg tk,xkA eèkeq kyrh cys okyh ouLifr gAS vki 'kgjkas eas bldks gj rhlj&s pkFS ks ?kj eas n[s k ldrs gAaS 41
eèkeq kyrh dh cys ij yxs i$w y xPq Ns eas gkrs s g]aS vkjS nks jxa ds fn[krs gaS—,d pVd yky jxa ds gkrs s gaS vkjS nlw js gYds xyq kch&lQns jxa dAs tc eèkeq kyrh eas dyh f[kydj i$w y curh gS rks i$w y gYds xyq kch&lQns jxa ds gkrs s g]aS vkjS ckn eas ;gh i$w y pVd yky jxa ds gks tkrs gAaS dfy;k¡ vkerkjS ij 'kke dks gh f[kydj i$w y eas cny tkrh gAaS vkjS et+ns kj ckr ;g fd ifrxa s bu gYds xyq kch&lQns jxa ds ;kuh fd rkt+k f[kys i$w ykas ij gh T+;knk eM¡ jkrs gAaS euaS s ftrus ifrxa kas dks eèkeq kyrh ds i$w ykas ij eM¡ jkrs g,q n[s kk os lHkh ds lHkh veew u rkt+s i$w ykas ij gh edjna plw rs n[s ks x,A rkt+s f[kys ;kuh fd gYds xyq kch&lQns i$w ykas ij gh D;kas eM¡ jkrs gaS ifrxa \\s ;g tkuus ds fy, nkus kas rjg ds i$w ykas dks [kkys dj n[s kk x;k rks ik;k fd gYds xyq kch jxa ds i$w y dh uyh eas edjna T+;knk gkrs k gAS pVd yky jxa ds i$w ykas eas edjna de ;k fcyD$q y gh ugha gkrs kA e>q s bl ifrxa s dh tho'kkL=kh; uke rks feyk exj fgna h uke ugha feykA bldk tho'kkL=kh; uke gS ß,fx;z l dkus okYs ohÞ gAS vxa tsz +h eas bls dkus okYs ol ekFW k dgk tkrk gAS ;g ifrxa k vÝhdk] ;jw kis ] ,f'k;k ls tkiku rd] vkLVfsª y;k rFkk ifs lfQd vkbyMaS eas ik;k tkrk gAS blds ckjs eas ,d tkudkjh feyh fd ;g ioz klh ¼ekbxVsz jh½ gAS yfs du blds ckjs eas cgrq T+;knk tkudkjh miyCèk ugha gAS 42
phfa V;kas dk iÙkh?kj eaS D$q N le; ls iMs +kas ij jgus okyh vkjS iÙkkas dks fpiddj ?kjknaS k cukus okyh ,d [+kkl fdLe dh phVa h ds ckjs eas [kkts chu dj jgk gA¡w olS s bu phfa V;kas dks eaS cpiu ls gh n[s krk vk;k gA¡w tc eaS dgha txa y eas tkrk rks bu phfa V;kas ds n'kuZ t+:j gks tkrAs fQj cpiu ds fnu tc vke ds iMs +kas ij dfs j;k¡ ¼vke½ rkMs +us ij vDlj yky jxa dh phfa V;k¡ cjq h rjg dkV yrs h FkhA ;s tgk¡ Hkh dkVrha ogk¡ dkQh tyu gkrs h FkhA rc bruk gh irk Fkk fd ;s phfa V;k¡ bUgha iMs +kas ij iÙkkas dks fpiddj] dkx+t+ dh ifq M+;k dh rjg dk ?kjknaS k cukrh vkjS mueas jgrh gAaS ?kjknaS s ds fy, fpidkbZ xbZ ifÙk;k¡ l[w k tkrha vkjS l[w kk gvq k ?kjknaS k t+ehu ij fxj tkrk rks mldks n[s kus ij mleas D$q N lQns fpifpik&lk èkkxus eq k inkFkZ fn[kkbZ nrs k FkkA 43
vkf[kj dlS s ?kklas yk cukrh gkxas h ;s phfa V;k\\¡ bl loky dk t+okc rc u rks LD$w y ds f'k{kd us fn;k vkjS u gh ekrk&firk uAs [kjS ] rc ckr vkb&Z xbZ gks xbAZ yfs du gky gh eas bl phVa h dks n[s kk rks fQj ls ogh loky ejs s fnekx eas dkèaS kk tks cpiu eas mBk FkkA tc euaS s bl phVa h ds ckjs eas vkjS tkudkjh ikz Ir dh rks okdbZ e>q s dkQh jkes kpa dk vuHq ko gvq kA vkius Hkh vke ds iMs +kas ij bl yky jxa dh phVa h dks t+:j n[s kk gkxs kA LFkkuh; Hkk\"kkvkas eas bls vyx&vyx ukekas ls tkuk tkrk gAS eè;inz 's k ds ekyok eas bls nèw k edkMs +h ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gAS D$q N vkfnoklh bykdkas eas bls cjcVw k dgrs gAaS vxa tsz +h eas bls ohoj vkVa ;kuh fd ^tyq kgk phVa h* dgk tkrk gAS ;s phfa V;k¡ ifÙk;kas dks vkil eas fpidk&fpidkdj viuk ?kj cukrh gAaS ifÙk;kas dks fpidkus ds fy, ,d irys fD$a rq et+crw j's ke ds èkkxs dk bLres ky djrh gAS tc e>q s ;g irk pyk fd ifÙk;kas dks tkMs +us ds fy, phVa h j's ke dk bLres ky djrh gS rks ejs h ftKklk vkjS Hkh c<+ xbAZ e>q s bl ckr dh tkudkjh gS fd lia .w kZ tho&txr eas edM+h gh ,dek=k tho gS tks viuh o;Ld voLFkk eas j's ke dk fuek.Z k djrh gAS dhVkas eas [+kkldj] frryh] ifrxa kas vkfn eas vius thou&pØ dh ykokZ ls I;iw k cuus dh voLFkk eas gh j's ke dk fuek.Z k gkrs k gAS mlds ckn I;iw k j's ke dk [kkys vk<s +dj mleas ncq dk jgrk gS tcrd fd vxyh voLFkk dh r;S kjh u gks tk,A bldk eryc ;g gvq k fd o;Ld phVa h ?kklas yk cukus ds fy, vko';d j's ke dk txq kM+ dgha vkjS ls djrh gkxs h! lcls fnypLi ekeyk ;g ;s o;Ld phfa V;k¡ Lo;a j's ke dk fuek.Z k ugha dj ldrhAa cfYd phfa V;kas dk ykokZ j's ke cukus dh {kerk j[krs gAaS o;Ld phfa V;k¡ vius ykokZ dks ,d vktS kj ds :Ik eas bLres ky djrh gAS tc ?kklas yk cukus dk oD+r gkrs k gS rc dbZ lkjs yky jxa ds phVa s tks okLro eas Jfed gkrs s gaS vius eg¡q eas lQns jxa dh dkbs Z pht+ fy, fn[kkbZ nrs s gAaS njvly] ;g lQns jxa dh dkbs Z pht+ eknk phVa h ds }kjk fn, x, vMa s eas ls fudys g,q ykokZ gkrs s gAaS eknk phVa h ds vMa kas 44
eas ls fudyus okys ykokZ dks Jfed phfa V;k¡ vius eg¡q eas nck yrs h gAaS fnypLi ckr ;g fd Jfed phfa V;k¡ bu ykokZ dks vius eg¡q eas idM+dj budks ?kklas yk cukus ds fy, ,d rjg ls vktS kj ds :Ik eas bLres ky djrh gAaS ;g rks ge tkurs gaS fd i{kh vMa s nus s ds igys Lo;a gh ?kklas yk cukrs gAaS o;Ld i{kh lkexhz bdVB~ k djrs gaS vkjS viuh lra ku dh ijofj'k ds fy, ?kklas yk cukrs gAaS eèkeq fD[k;kas eas Hkh o;Ld eèkeq fD[k;k¡ vius 'kjhj ls ekes dk fuek.Z k djds et+crw NÙkk cukrh gAaS yfs du tyq kgk phVa h eas rks ckr gh D$q N vkjS gAS o;Ld phfa V;k¡ ?kklas yk cukus ds fy, viuh lra ku ds 'kjhj ls fudyus okys ,d idz kj ds noz ¼tks fd rjy j's ke gkrs k g½S dk bLres ky iÙkkas dks fpidkdj ?kklas yk cukus ds fy, djrh gAaS njvly] tyq kgk phfa V;kas eas ?kklas yk cukus dh ftEens kjh gkrs h g]S o;Ld dhA exj o;Ld phfa V;k¡ j's ke dk fuek.Z k ugha dj ldrhAa blfy,] D$q N Jfed phfa V;k¡ iÙkkas dks fpidkus ds fy, ikl eas ykrh gAaS Jfed phfa V;k¡ ykokZ dks vius eg¡q eas nckdj muds }kjk NkMs +s tkus okys fpifpis j's ke dk bLres ky iÙkkas dks fpidkus ds fy, djrh gAaS Jfed phfa V;kas dk dk;Z cV¡ k gvq k gkrs k gS fd dkuS iÙkkas dks ikl eas ykus dk dk;Z djxs h vkjS dkuS &lh ykokZ dks vius eg¡q eas nckdj fpidkus dk dk;Z djxs hA njvly ykokZ vius egqa eas ls fpifpik j's ke olS s gh fudkyrk gS tlS s fd dkbs Z xknas dh 'kh'kh dks nckus ls xknsa ckgj fudyrk gAS j's ke dh [+kcw h gkrs h gS fd tlS s gh ;g gok ds lia D$Z eas vkrk gS dM+k gks tkrk gAS iÙkkas dks idM+dj j[kus okyh phfa V;k¡ iÙkkas dks dldj idM+h jgrh gAaS bl nkjS ku ;s vkil eas ,d yM+h&lh cuk yrs h gaS vkjS ifÙk;kas dks dldj idM+s j[krh gAaS blh nkjS ku vius eg¡q eas nck, Jfed phfa V;k¡ ykokZ dks mÙkfs tr djrh gaS ftlls fd os j's ke dk òko djrs gAaS Jfed phfa V;k¡ bu ykokZ dks olS s gh bLres ky djrh gaS tlS s fd èkkxk cuq us ds fy, 'kVy gkrs h gAS Jfed phfa V;k¡ nks iÙkksa dks fpidkus ds fy, ykokZ dks nks iÙkkas ds fdukjkas rd ?keq krh jgrh gAaS ?kklas yk cukus dh ifz Ø;k 45
,d e'khu dh rjg gkrs h gAS ifÙk;kas dks fpidkus ds dke eas phfa V;kas dh QktS yxh jgrh gAS ;s phfa V;k¡ vke ds vykok tkeuq ] egvq k xknas h] djna ] 'kh'ke] ihiy ds iMs +kas ij Hkh ikbZ tkrh gAaS ,d vkjS fnypLi ckr fd bu yky jxa dh phfa V;kas dh pVuh cukbZ tkrh gAS vxj vki NÙkhlx<+ jkT; ds cLrj ds vkfnoklh bykds eas tk,¡ rks ogk¡ yky jxa dh bl phVa h dh pVuh cukbZ tkrh gAS ;gk¡ ds vkfnoklh ykxs bu phfa V;kas vkjS ykokZ dks flycVV~ s ij ihlrs gaS vkjS bleas fep&Z elkys feykdj cM+s gh pko ls [kkrs gAaS olS s vki vxj cLrj ds gkV eas tk,¡ rks phVa h dh pVuh dks cps rs g,q n[s kk tk ldrk gAS phVa h dh pVuh Lokn eas [kVV~ h gkrs h gAS ;g [kVV~ kiu bu phfa V;kas eas vEy dh otg ls gkrs k gAS ;gh otg gS fd tc ;s phfa V;k¡ dkVrh gaS rks 'kjhj eas vEy ioz 's k djk nrs h gAS bl vEy dh otg ls gh dkVs x, LFkku ij dkQh rts + tyu gkrs h gAS 46
phfa V;kas dks i$¡ lkus okyk phVa h pkjs dhVkas dh jgL;e; nfq u;k esa ,d vuk[s kk dhV gS phVa hpkjs A vkius bl dhV dks Hkys gh u n[s kk gks yfs du èkyw Hkjs dPps jkLrkas ij ;k ckyw jrs eas rys Hkjus dh D$q Iih tlS s uUgas xM<~ s t+:j n[s ks gkxas As ;s lyhds ls cus xM<~ s gekjk è;ku cjcl gh [khpa yrs s gAaS gks ldrk gS fd vki eas ls dHkh fdlh us bu xM<~ kas eas ls vkfgLrs ls uUg&as ls tho dks fudkyk Hkh gkAs bl xM<~ s dks cukus okyk ,d fdLe dk dhV dk cPpk gkrs k gS vkjS og blh eas jgrk gS vkjS blh xM<~ s eas bl dhV ds cPps ds f'kdkj djus ds vktS kj Hkh gkrs s gAaS njvly] bl xM<~ s dks cukus okyk vkjS bleas jgus okyk tho o;Ld dhV ugha cfYd dhV dk cPpk gkrs k gAS o;Ld dhV vkjS blds ykokZ eas t+ehu&vkleku dk QD$Z gkrs k gAS o;Ld dhV ds i[a k gkrs s gAaS uj vkjS eknk ,d ljh[ks gkrs s gAaS budk jxa Hkjw k gkrs k g]S ftuij yky jxa dh fcfa n;k iM+h gkrs h gAS flj vkjS vk[¡ kas cM+h gkrs h gaS tcfd buds Li'kdZ NkVs s gkrs s gAaS bldh [+kcw h ;g gkrs h gS fd ;g vkxs vkjS ihNs nkus kas rjQ py yrs s gAaS phVa h pkjs dk ykokZ jkf=kpj gkrs k gS tcfd o;Ld fnupjA 47
eknk ckyw jrs eas ;k èkyw eas vMa s nrs h gAS vMa kas eas ls f'k'kq dhV ;kuh fd ykokZ ckgj fudyrk gAS ;gh gekjk ifjfpr phVa hpkjs gAS bldk flj cM+k vkjS piVk gkrs k gAS blds eg¡q eas nks et+crw tcM+s gkrs s gaS bUgha dh enn ls ;g f'kdkj dks nckps rk gAS phVa h pkjs ,d ekla kgkjh ykokZ gAS ;g vius uke dks lkFkdZ djrk gAS ;gh cPpk feVV~ h eas lnaq j vkjS lMq kyS xM<~ s cukrk gAS phVa h pkjs dk ?kj bl rjg dk gkrs k gS fd dkbs Z phVa h ;k uUgk dhV vkfn bl xM<~ s ds fdukjs ij vk, rks oks fQly dj bl xM<~ s eas fxj tkrk gAS phVa h pkjs dks èkyw ds d.kkas eas t+jk&lh Hkh gypy gkus s dk ,glkl gks tkrk gAS ;fn dkbs Z tho bl <ykunkj xM<~ s eas fxj tk, rks fQj mldk fudyuk vklku ugha gkrs kA bl rjg ls xM<~ s eas fNik phVa h pkjs f'kdkj dks èkj nckps rk gAS phVa h pkjs vius f'kdkj dks ijw k ugha [kkrkA cfYd ;g f'kdkj ds vna j dk lkjk HkkTs ; inkFkZ plw yrs k gAS f'kdkj dk [kkys NkMs + nrs k gAS D$q N fnukas ds ckn bl phVa h pkjs eas cnyko vkrs gAaS vc ;g vius pkjkas vkjs j's ke dk [kkys cuk yrs k gS vkjS [+knq dks bl [kkys eas cna dj yrs k gAS D$q N fnukas ds ckn bl I;iw k eas ls o;Ld dhV ckgj fudyrk gAS o;Ld dks n[s kdj rks t+jk Hkh ugha yxrk fd bldk ykokZ ;kuh fd cPpk èkyw ds ?kj cukdj dHkh f'kdkj Hkh djrk gkxs kA 48
'kØq k.kvq kas dk lQjukek MEs ly ¶ykbZ dk vuk[s kk rjhdk vxj vkidks vius cpiu ds fnu ;kn gkas rks uhps fn, x, fp=k dks n[s kdj vkids eg¡q ls cjcl gfs ydkIW Vj] fVMM~ k ;k ,ls k gh D$q N uke fudy iM+xs kA bueas ls ,d dk uke g—S ^MEs ly ¶ykb*Z vkjS nlw js dk uke gS ^Mxsª u ¶ykb*Z A cjlkr ds fnukas eas buds ihNs Hkkxrs g,q mu fnukas ge bu nkus kas eas dkbs Z QD$Z ugha dj ikrs FkAs ;fn thofoKku dh Hkk\"kk eas dgas rks ;s nkus kas dhV lenq k; ds lnL; gAaS MEs ly dk vFkZ gkrs k g—S [+kcw ljw r] deflu fd'kkjs hA njvly] ;g dhV cyk dh [+kcw ljw rh fy, gkrs k gAS blhfy, bldk ;g uke iM+kA MEs ly ¶ykbZ dk ,d ukrns kj gS—Mxsª u ¶ykbAZ Mxsª u dk vFkZ g—S nRS ;] jk{klA rts + xfr ls mM+uk] >iVV~ k ekjdj f'kdkj dks idM+uk( rFkk bldh cM+h&cM+h l;a Dq r vk[¡ kas blds uke dks lkFkdZ djrh gAaS MEs ly ¶ykbZ dk 'kjhj uktdq &lk vkjS i[a k jxa hu gkrs s gAaS tc ;g fdlh Vguh oxjS g ij cBS rk gS rks i[a k 'kjhj ls Åij mBs jgrs gAaS dhV lenq k; esa MEs ly ¶ykbZ dk lekxe dk rjhdk dkQh vuBw k gAS uj MEs ly ¶ykbZ eas iN¡w ueq k jpuk ds vk[kjh fljs ij uhps dh vkjs ,d tuu fNnz gkrs k gS tgk¡ ls 'kØq k.kq ckgj fudyrs g]aS 49
yfs du uj bl tuu fNnz ls 'kØq k.kvq kas dks eknk tuu fNnz rd ugha igp¡q krkA eknk ls lekxe ds igys uj MEs ly ¶ykbZ 'kØq k.kvq kas dks vius 'kjhj ds nlw js vkjS rhljs [kMa esa iVs ds ikl cuh FkyS hueq k jpuk eas HkMa kj djds j[k nrs k gAS bl jpuk dks 'kØq k.kq FkyS h ;k 'kØq k.kq dk's k dgk tk ldrk gAS 'kØq k.kvq kas dks 'kØq k.kq FkyS h rd igp¡q kus ds fy, uj MEs ly ¶ykbZ vius 'kjhj ds neq ueq k fgLls dks ¼tgk¡ tuu fNnz g½S bruk ekMs +rk gS fd tuu fNnz 'kØq k.kq FkyS h ¼;kuh 'kjhj ds nlw j&s rhljs [kMa e½as ls tMq + tkrk gAS fQj og bleas 'kØq k.kq NkMs + nrs k gAS uj MEs ly ¶ykbZ ds tuu fNnz ds ikl ,d udq hyh jpuk gkrs h gS ftls DykLij (Clasper) dgrs gAaS vc uj eknk MEs ly ¶ykbZ dh ryk'k eas fudy iM+rk gAS tc eknk fey tkrh gS rks uj DykLij dh enn ls eknk ds flj ds ikl ds fgLls dks idM+ yrs k gAS tc eknk uj dh idM+ eas vk tkrh gS rks vxyk pj.k 'k:q gkrs k g—S 'kqØk.kvq kas dks eknk ds tuu fNnz rd igp¡q kukA eknk ds 'kjhj eas Hkh neq nkj fgLls ds vk[kjh fljs ij tuu fNnz gkrs k gAS vc eknk vius neq ueq k fgLls dks ekMs +dj uj dh 'kØq k.kq FkyS h rd bl rjg ys tkrh gS fd mldk tuu fNnz 'kØq k.kq FkyS h ls tMq + tk,A bl rjg 'kØq k.kq FkyS h ls fudydj eknk ds tuu fNnz eas tkrs gaS tgk¡ os vMa k.kvq kas dks fuf'pr djrs gAaS fu\"kfs pr vMa kas dks eknk ikuh ij ;k ikuh okys ikèS kkas ds ikuh eas Mcw s rukas ij nrs h gAS 50
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