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AAoths Around Us Lokesh's mother used to offer one roti to four crows every day. She used to divide the roti into four equal parts and give it to Lokesh who gave one part to each crow. I fIn this way, each crow got part of a roti. Sometimes, when only two crows came, Lokesh's mother divided the roti into two equal parts. So, each ;I crow would get part of a roti. ]lf one day she prepares 2 rotis, and distributes part of a roti to each crow then how manv crows are fed with that? Word Problem Example: Sonal bought L1 candies. Out ofthese candies, she gave 5 to her friend Bhavna. What fraction of the candies was there with Bhavna? Also, find the fraction of candies left with Sonal. Total number of candies with Sonal = 1L Number of candies given to Bhavna = 5 AThe fraction of candies Bhavna had = 11 Number of candies left with Sonal = 11- 5 = 6 9The fraction of candies left with Sonal = TL 1. Atharv had 3 bananas. He ate 1 banana and gave the remaining 2 bananas to a monkey. What fraction of the bananas did he give to the monkey? 2. Ahana divides a cake into 3 parts. She eats one part. What fraction of the cake is left? 5. Ahmad has 10 pencils-3 red, 5 green and the rest yellow. What fraction ofthe pencils are vellow?

l) 4. Janet painted 10 earthen lamps, 6 in red and the rest in orange colour' What fraction of the earthen lamps were painted in orange? 5. There are 100 books in a library, out of which 30 books are on English' 30 books are on science and the rest are on mathematics What is the fraction of mathematics books in the librarV? lrrgl astrwin had 5 pairs of shoes. He gave a pair of shoes each to 3 needy children in l-!l'l 6;5 1e66111u. What fraction of the shoes were donated by him? Present vour views in class on the topic'Help people in need\" story Time Once upon a time, there lived an old man who had three sons named Ram' Lakshman and Bharat. At the time of his death, he caIled his sons and said, ,,| have 17 rubies which I am leaving under your care. Ram, the eldest, will have half of the rubies' Lakshman gets one-third and Bharat will inherit one-ninth of the rubies' After his death, the three sons were confused as to how to divide the rubies according to their father's wish. Fortunately, a wise man passing by helped them with a solution. He said \"l will lend you a ruby. Now you have 18 rubies in all Half of 18 is 9, one-third of 18 is 6 and one-ninth of 18 is 2' That makes 17 in all leaving one to return to me.\" The fraction of the figure that is shaded is MY Proiect F'^inid\"*th.'eii\"toiitia\"l number of students in vour class' of bovs and the representing the number tt\"\"ion of girls in Ycreoapunrredcsltaehsnesti'nfrgacthtioennurempbreesreonrtisngirlsth'we hn\"u'm: ber #;ffi;;;;:il;\" :iT:*iitnumbero, Bor or i\"*ii students who learn muslc'

i Choose the correct answer from the given options. if. niju bought 3 cans of fruit juice and drank 2 cans out of it. The fraction of fruit juice cans finished by him is .1 5 ^2 3 2. In a mathematics test on fractions, Kiya scored 7 out of 10. The fraction of marks scored by Kiya is a. 7 3 -3 b. 7 -L0 10 3. There are 7 chocolates. Megha eats 5 of them. The fraction of chocolates eaten bv Megha is 7 ^5 72 -7 T2 4. There are 18 mangoes in a basket. Half of them are ripe. The number of ripe mangoes in the basket is a. 8 b. 10 c.9 5. Out of 36 coconuts, one-fourth have been eaten. The number of remaining coconuts is a.9 b. L8 c. 27 6. In the given figure, the fraction ofthe shaded portion is a. 6 ^5 8 -16 In the given figure, the fraction of the unshaded region is a. -36o12r- D.2.L-6O3r- c. -L:)or:

Arjun decided to go cycllng wilh his three friends-Rahul, Aman and Sunil. They had to cover a total distance of 36 km. Each of them halted in between after covering a certain distance. Fill ln the blanks given in the table for the distance covered by each of them before halting. Name I Fraction oftotal distance I Distance covered Arjun ! Rahul 2 t 3 Aman 1 5Un A ! 6 After cycling for 36 km, Arjun shared a n uttapdm with his friends. The uttopom had 8 equal pieces. Now answer the following questions. a. lfAriun ate 1-partof the uttopom, how many piecesdid he eat? b. Arjun's friends equally shared the rest ofthe uttdpam after Arjun ate; part of it. What fraction of uttapdm did each one get? c. Suppose there are two uttopams with 8 equal pieces in each. lf all of them divide the pieces equally, then what fraction will each one get?

Shapes y.../ | _______-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_---_-_-_-_-_-___-_-,,\\, 6illk=-=*,i'-', ii ii li foodShapes are all around us-in the buildings we live, the cars we ride in and even the we eat. ii pictureL. Count and write the number of lines mentioned below each ii tf7,t/- Vertical lines Horizontal lines Slanting lines ,g- - -2. fick ll) against the correct picture representing the shape mentioned below' a. o. LUOE Sph ere .J Cone Cuboid

Solid Shapes Objects that have length, breadth and height are three-dimensional (3D) obiects and are called solid shapes. Examples: 9,\"\"0 Bag @ ,.,, Faces, Edges and Vertices ftuc\"' A face is an individual surface of a solid object. lFacell An edge is a line where two faces meet. A vertex is a point where two edges meet. Ve.i/tet-x--VSertevx \"ni.\". Flat and Curved Surfaces s---z I ooThe outer part of a solid object is called its surface. A surface may be flat or curved. Flat surface Curved surface \\sg(Y)/mJ*\"*=\\ n iI curved and flat 6 o\\ Cuboid A cuboid is a solid rectangular shape. lt has 6 faces, 12 edges and 8 vertices. O*rrExamples: Cu boid Cube Matchbox A cube is a solid square shape. It has 6 faces, L2 edges and 8 vertices. Examples: @ Die B Rubik's cube

Cylinder Cylinder Cone A cylinder is a solid object with two flat circular surfaces and one curved surface. lt has 3 faces, 2 edges and no vertex. Examples: Oil drum Playing drum Sphere A sphere is a solid round object. It has 1face, no edge and no vertex. Examples: Globe Football Cone A cone is a solid object with a flat circular base that rises to a point. It has 2 faces, L edge and l vertex. Examples: 1. ldentify the shapes. ,IN 'il a. 'o. lltr

I snape. 2. Count the number of edges, faces and vertices 'wn7\". ,.':- b. Edges Faces rdLE) Vertices .- \"<A> Edges Faces Vertices Edges How many faces and vertices are Faces there in a die? Vertices at^fl3. -the3Dshapes and fill in the blanks Look Thi< i< r This is a .-. It hes ||dL It has flat flat surfaces. su rfaces. This is a trc. surfaceS. -This is a --. rr hac su rfaces. Ae. This is a .-. How many flat surfaces does a cricket ball have? surfaces. Curved Lines and Straight Lines B c lf you want to join two dots, D how will You join them? C and D are connected A and B are connected with a curved line. with a straight line

1. Join the dots with the type of line as mentioned. a a Curved line A B Straight line Curved line Straight line 2. Fill in the blanks with SL for straight line and CL for curved line. Two have been done for vou. 41 SL A3 CL 82 B5 c1 LO D3 D6 E7 F6 F7

1 W.re 23 o==lffi 1. In the box below join the s.ame letters with a straight line Discuss the design in the class' A. B. c. D. E. F. G. H. l. j' ... ABCDEfGHIJ 2. Look at the given pictures and write the number of missing cubes needed to complete the cuboids. one has been done for You. a. D. !;r f-i t_.1 Plane Shapes A plane shape can be drawn on a flat surface, like a paper' It is a two-dimensional (2D) figure made up of lines called sides or edges A point where two sides meet is called a corner or vertex. Rectangle c A rectangle is a plane shape with four sides and four vertices' Side o. The opposite sides of a rectangle are equal' ABCD is a rectangle having AB = DC and AD = BC' p Square A square is a plane shape with four equal sides and four vertices' PQRS is a square with all sides equal, that is, PQ = QR = RS = SP

Triangle A triangle is a plane shape having three sides and three vertices. In the adjacent figure, XYZ is a triangle. Circle Circumference A circle is a round plane shape. lt has neither a side nor a vertex. The boundary of a circle is called its circumference. Diameter ln the given circle, point O is the centre. The line joining the centre to any point on the Radius circumference of a circle is called its radius. OA, OB and OC are the radii of the given circle. The line joining any two points on the circumference of a circle passing th rough the centre is called its diameter. AB is a diameter of the siven crrcle. ldentify the shape and write the number of sides and vertices, d. D. c. tl f-Shape shaoe tishape [ ,_I tn.o\" sides l_ _l sides tr- liSid es Sid es li Vertices [l i_lVertices t-lVe rtices Ve rtices -\"\\ i !i lVEl *n., is the shape of the traffic sisnal? o@, A motorist crossed a traffic signal while it was showing red light. @ - He was fined t 500 by the policeman. Whv is it important for us to follow traffic rules?

Point, Line, Line Segment and Ray re&-F; , Point A point is an exact position or location on a plane surface. lt is usually denoted by a dot. Here, the dot A is a Point. Line AB AB is a line. A line is a figure which has only lenglh and no breadth. A line has no end. lt can be extended endlessly in both the directions. Line Segment M A line segment is part of a line and has a fixed length. lt has MN is a line segment. two fixed end Doints.

Ray AB is a ray. A ray is part of a line and has one fixed point and the other side extends endlesslv. Madhu keeps her belongings on the grid as shown and locates each point by moving vertically and horizontally. Help her identify the position of each item from the grid and write the position. Two have been done for you. a. I isatC 5 7 Ao. icet D 6 II aI I I \\L, 4 2t.a D , rD tL Oo. ! d\\ t ) C 4r{ N 7 , e bf t# \\ ,L Maps ' A map is a visual representation of a region showing the physical features of that region. A map guides us and gives directions when we are in unknown places.

Let us look at the map and locate the pPll:aces from the entry points. From Entry 1 #fi 1 To the zoo HEh. g Enter from Entry 1. Go straight down on fr MG Road. Turn right at lllcross street and you reach Patel Road crossing. Turn \"\"st f\\ left and a little ahead on your right side is the zoo. From Entry 2 To the railway station Enter from Entrv 2 Go straight down on lll Cross Street You reach Patel Road Take a left and go straight down the road tillyou reach lV Cross Street crossin8 Go straight and a little ahead on your right side is the railway station' Write the route You will follow a. From Entry 1to the Post Office: b. From Entry 2 to the Bus Stand: From Entry 3 to the Central Library: Tangram The different shapes given below have been created with seven geometrical shapes' Each shape is called 'tan'. which oriqinoted in Ms,+ 6hino. It iiolso colled 'This arrangement is also called 'seven pieces of cleverness'' Tonqrom is on intef f ectuol puzzle game Chi-Chioo Pon.

IH\"\":;\"',\"::##':lf :i:,\",.',.'j,:x1,;\"f\", ** #honeycomb in a beehive. starfish U Honey.ornb Given below are some examples of man-made structures that are unique and appealing. Leaning Tower of Pisa wfr Mesus, IAE Objective: Children learn to make tangram designs. Materials required: Square-shaped paper, a pair of scissors, ruler, pencil and a red marker Method: Take a square sheet of paper. Fold it in half, then in half again, both along the length and breadth so that the square is divided into sixteen squares as shown in figure 1. Draw lines on it as shown in fisure 2. a i,/r Cut along the red lines and make seven pieces. Be creative and arrange these seven pieces in different 75 6 snapes. Fig.2 Use tangram pieces to create a poster on the topic 'Plant Trees, Save the Planet'. Write two benefits of plant,ng trees.

j\"\"'..'.....'................. ,i Choose the correct option. 'O A. The number of sides in the given shape is c. ,4r) a.5 b.6 c. B. The number of vertices in the given shape is a.5D.b c. The number offlat surfaces in the given shape is a.0 b. 1 D. Tick the shape having 3 sides and 3 vertices. a. E. Which one of the following 3D shape? c. a. b. a---fl al Look at the shapes A and B and tick the correct statement. u! a. A has more faces than B. f, b. B has more faces than A. B c. DA and B have the same number offaces. A Look at the picture and answer the following questions. A. The hospital is along the road a.A b.D c. c B. To reach the park from school, one should go along the roads a. AandB b. AandC banoL

a Patfterns, andl tntmet;ry i Patterns can be seen in nature, shapes and numbers. i orA pattern is a regular arrangement oT a design. It is formed by the repetition of shapes ii thinss. i':l i With the use of patterns, we learn to predict and understand the world around us better. ll ::::::::::::: :: :: :: :: :: :: ::;),' Patterns Natural Patterns In nature, patterns are visible in flowers, leaves, honeycombs, snowflakes, etc. iffi litit \"ri;1,i.;.'1. ' ''...,'. Sunflower Leaves Honeycomb Man-made Patterns Apart from nature, patterns can also be seen in man-made things such as in the given wooden mask, a floor design, Eiffel tower, etc. q\\92 Wooden mask ;*z: 4hh Eiffel Tower Floor design

Patterns in Numbers Patterns can also be seen in numbers. see the pattern of numbers given below. The difference between every two consecutive numbers is 2. 1. Milly tries to copy these patterns in her art book. Help her take these patterns forward by colouring them according to the pattern. ., o+ootoi o+oooooot*ri,l ri, tCK t\",r t6,, .f+f+t+t2. Draw three more images to complete the pattern. '.aAorOoAarooa o fl?.?. \"?6?6? Types of Patterns Repeating Pattern In this type of pattern, the objects repeat in a certain order. lvlvlvlvlvlv************ -rre,'&t\\!

Growing Pattern or Increasing Pattern The terms or objects grow or their number increases in this type of pattern. Objects In the arrangement below the number of balls is increasing in the bottom row in a particular order. e 3 (1+ 2) 6(1+2+3) 10 (1 + 2+3 +4) 7 Numbers ln the pattern below, nu mDers are Increasl ng In pa rticul ar oroer. tr tr l6l @ @ C;l @ L:jJ 6; 28-21,=7 3-1,=2; 6-3=3; I0-6=4; 15-10=5; 27- The difference between the numbers is in a sequence-2,3,4, 5, 6,7. txamote: Considerthe numbers 2, 4, 8, 1-4, 22, 32. Find out the pattern in the above sequence of numbers. The difference between the numbers is in a sequence, that is, 2, 4, 6, a, lO. Decreasing Pattern In this pattern, the terms or objects or their number decreases in a pattern. &&&oobjects ESEEENumbers What will be the nineteenth letter in this Dattern? PQPPQPPPQ

ffirIIr\"s Complete the patterns. oooo \"ooooo o \\,,' D. ' I [f]TftTf-fTi +.tbd. 2. Neel wants to make patterns with numbers and letters. Help him to complete the panerns. '' =Lin_s____.j | sc |=i Hr ----- Lj--t1=___i-l--iJ_l i rc-o-r b.irorFrrrFl.i_r-zJ rFt_l_J= t_J = l_l i o. 3. Fill in the missing numbers in these patterns. a. _40,50,60 o. L4,76,la c. -L,3, -5, _ _ 13, 15 e. 17,27, _- _ _67,77 d. 5,10, _ _ _3O,35 f. _ _ _50, 100, 150, 350, 4OO

3 ILS Divya joined yoga classes. She ensured to practise the osonos ?t home. The time spent by her in practising the asonos for the first three days of the week were 15 minutes, 30 minutes and 45 minutes. lf she followed the same pattern, how inuch time would she spend on the fourth day? Write two benefits of doing yoga. Anny throws a party on her birthday at her home. When the doorbell rings first, one of Anny's friends arrives. Each time the doorbell rings after that, the number of friends arriving is two more than the previous time. Complete the table and find the total number of guests arrived at the party after the bell has rung 8 times. Number of doorbells Number of friends Total number of guests at arriving the party ldentify the pattern between the number of doorbells and the total number of guests at the party. Find the total number of guests after the bell has rung 12 times.

Tiling Tiling is created when a shape is repeated over and over again covering a surface without any gap or overlap. lt is also called tessellation. Have you ever seen a mason tiling a wall? Have vou observed how he lays the floor tiles or builds a wall with bricks? Look at the arrangement of bricks. ls it the same everywhere? Can you notice any difference in patterns? Let us look at some common and interesting til ing patterns. I 1. Colour the tiles to make patterns. o. Na. \\XIANI^<TKZ\\KIAKTZR\\ -\\1\\N1\\N1\\\\l\\\\1\\ Moths Around Us shivam brings a flower to the class and shows the repeated arrangement of its petals to his class teacher. His teacher tells him that this repeated arrangement forms a pattern. she asks him to look around in the classroom, and find a few things which have patterns. shivam was quick to point out the patterns of tiles on the walls of the classroom' He also showed the patterns in numbers and letters in his maths book. The teacher was quite pleased to see his presence of and knowledge of the subject.

Symmetry '- -..--'\"re';t't'\"''ii; A shape is symmetrical when one half of the shape is exactly like the other half. Symmetry is everywhere around us. Look at the pictures with the given line. The line dividing these images into two identical halves is called the line of symmetry. 1. Draw the other half to make these images symmetrical. (@D. 2.

j;;:i';1. Lookatthe pattern in each row.Tick(/) the option given atthe rightsidethat ii continues the given pattern.. I ;roott Ol= ii i ,orolol or j !.i c 11o' 22o' 33o' 440 660' 550 i !:: d. 900,800,700,600 500, 400 i : :2. E. AB, AAB, AAAB, AAAAB AB, AAAAAB -: Tick (r')thecorrect thegiven imageto make itsymmetrical. i half of : :;:- u\".J-.U\\llll t'7r s-1 rZl?-r-n aNl3z-nL-irii i $L- i'(l D! DD Fni line.3.: Tick (r')the images that are symmetrical about the : i: '-\\T|:( o<f)7 ..;lZ/'i::/t\\ *--I t---Lr--J--I--t -\"--'l rl--,lJ '/l\\,,1'\\ Lr --Jl :4. Colourthetiles -to--m-a-k'-:e-a--p-aTt-te--r-n-. i in different colours ::l))))i : r ---- i :::i:tt\\\\\\\\\\\\\\i\\! Ftt\"tt-tt-tt.--t--lt- r-+- -Fa -l i i : : : : : tlttt : : l-1r---\\J--T--\\_/--T--\\J--l L f\\ l /-\\ f__ r1,1 : .i::Ht:////:.o::o oo : i

1. Match the design to its tile. Complete the pattern. Draw the identical half of these shapes. One has been done for you. E

I Mlletnls Ntjeasutres ii In earlier times, people used different parts of their body to measure tength. I A nanospan ts the tength between the thumb and the little fjnger when spread out. I txarnple: A desk, a garland and a small rope can be measured in handspans. I A cubit is the length from the tip of the middle finger to the elbow. ,2, i Example: The length of a saree can be measured in cubits. ii A footspan is the Iength from the tip of the toe to the heel. ii Lvdmpte: The length of a room can be measured in footspans. it )l iiii, i These are non-standard units of measurement as the measurement d iffe rs f{\"r^o-m p- e^-r-so-.n- -to person. liii For uuniformityv, standard unjts of measurement were Metric Units of Measurement The system of measuring length, weight and capacity using certain standard units is known as the metric system of measurement. The standard unrts are also known as netric uniis cf measu re ment. Length Length is the measurement of an object from end to end. Length is measured using tools such as measuring tape and ruler. t

Smaller lengths, such as the length of a notebook, are measured in centimetres (cm). Longer lengths, such as the length of a park or a swimming pool, are measured in metres lml. lf the length of a sheet of paper measures 50 cm, then the length of two sheets will measure 1 m, as 50 cm + 50 cm = 100 cm = 1 m. Geographical length is called distance. The distance is usuallV measured in kilometres (km). Example: The milestones on a road show how far a particular place is from that point. The distance is shown in kilometres on them. Conversion of Units of Length We know that 1 metre (m1 = 100 centimetres (cm). Metres into Centimetres To convert metres into centimetres, multiply the metres by 100. Example L: Convert 34 metres into centimetres. We know, 1m = 100cm So,34 m = 34 x 100 cm = 3400 cm [Multiplying 34 metres by 100] Thus, 34 m = 3400 cm Example 2: Convert 8 m 25 cm into centimetres. 8m25cm=8m+25cm As, 1m = 100 cm So,8 m = 8 x 1\"OO cm = 800 cm [Converting 8 metres into centimetres] Thus, 8 m 25 cm = 800 cm + 25 cm = 825 cm

Centimetres into Metres To convert centimetres into metres, write 100 cm as 1 m or divide the centimetres by 100. Example 1: Convert 800 cm into metres. We know 100 cm = 1 m So,800cm=8x 100cm =8x 1 m =8m oRdivide800cm by100. tnus. 6uu cm = 6 m Example 2: Convert 335 cm into metres and centimetres. 335 cm = 300 cm + 35 cm As, 100 cm = 1m So, 3OO cm = 3 x 100cm = 3 x 1 m = 3 m lconverting300 cm into metres] Thus, 335 cm = 3 m + 35 cm =3 m 35 cm 1. Convert the following into centimetres. a. 7m b. 89m c. 95m d. 98m g. 84m6cm h. 95m90cm e.4m50cm f. 60m60cm 2. Convert the following into metres and centimetres. a. 200 cm b. 900 cm c. 2400 cm 7500 cm e. 425 cm f. 532 cm g. 1326 cm h. 2634 cm 3. Fill in the boxes with >, < or = b. 14m 1400 cm a. rzoocmflrom c. 4612 cm 46m d. 55m 5300 cm e. 6400 cm 65m r. 6.2m 8200 cm Kilometres into Metres We know that 1 kilometre (km) = 1000 metres (m). To convert kilometres into metres, multiply the kilometres by 1000. Ft l18lI

Example 1: Convert 7 km into metres. We know L km = L000 m 5o, 7 km =7 x 1000 m = 7000 m [Multiplying 7 km by 1000] Thus,Tkm=7000m . Example 2: Convert 3 km 2OO m into metres. 3km200m=3km+200m We know, 1 km = 1000 m So, 3 km = 3 x 1000 m = 3000 m [Converting 3 km into metres] Thus, 3 km 200 m =3000 m +200 m = 3200 m Metres into Kilometres To convert metres into kilometres, write 1000 m as L km or divide metres by L000. Example 1: Convert 5000 m into kilometres. Weknow,L000m=1km So, 5000m=5x 1000m=5 x 1 km =5 km oRdivide5000 m by1000 Thus,5000m=5km Example 2: Convert 2675 m into kilometres and metres. 2675 m =2OO0 m + 675 m Weknow1000m=1km 2000 m = 2 x L000 m = 2 x 1 km = 2 km [Converting 2000 m into km] Inus, zbl5 m = z Km b/5 m 1. Convert the following into metres. a. 3km b. 4km Lkm800m d. 4km650m e. 9km100m f. 9km250m c. 22 km 300 m h. 30 km 423 m 2. Convert the following into kilometres and merres. a. 4000 m b. 5000 m c. 7000 m o. 9000 m h. 9864 m e. 5427 m f. 8743 m g. 9764 m

3. Arrange the lengths given in part (a) in ascending order and given in part (b) in descending order. a. 3200 m 4300 m J km 5340 m 7 km 9km b. 2900 m 56 km 260 m 9000 m zKm 1000 m, A Which unit, m/km, will you use to measure the following lengths? a. Length of your bedroom b. Distance between Delhi and Jaipu r c. Length of a car racing track d. Length of a school corridor Addition and Subtraction of Length Addition of Length To add lengths, a rrange them in the correct columns of units and then add separately. E6Example: Add 3m32cmand 4m7 cm. 332 Ste p 1: Add the centimetres column. +47 Step 2: Add the metres column, Thus, 3 m 32 cm +4 m 7 cm = 7 m 39 cm Subtraction of Length To subtract lengths, arrange them in the correct columns of units and then subtract sepa rately. Example: Subtract 39 m 54 cm from 81 m 89 cm. til@ 81 89 Step 1: Subtract the centimetres column. -3954 Step 2: Subtract the metres column. Thus, the difference is 42 m 35 cm. .-Et b

Word Problems Example 1: The length of one part of a tree branch is 2 m 25 cm and that of the other part is 5 m 35 cm. What is the total length of the branch? EE Length of the first part Length of the second part 25 -t Total length of the branch tts3;5l Thus, the total length of the branch is 7 m 60 cm. Example 2: The lengths of two ropes are 28 m 45 cm and 77 m29 cm, respectively. Which rope is longer and by how much? fu -, EE Length of the first rope 28 45 Length of the second rope t7 29 Difference between the lengths Thus, the first rope is longer by 11 m L6 cm. 13 25 D. .EE +t435 35 32 24 55 OEE +5425 +35 24 22 43 62 35 +7422 5 64 85 5J 34 50 g.

2. Subtract. b. 25 .EE 19 29 7a 30 38 6L -1424 - rat _29 32 o. 38 e. 84 38 25 -26 79 28 -58 34 1.9 3. The lengths of a bedsheet and a towel measure 2 m 15 cm and 1 m 50 cm, respectively. What is the total length of the two items? 4. The height ofa building is L9 m 60 cm. lf the height ofthe ground floor is 3 m 50 cm, find the height of the rest of the building. 5. The lengths of two ladders are 16 m 60 cm and 29 m 35 cm, respectively. Find the total length of both the ladders. 6. Ankit throws a cricket ball at a distance of 29 m 55 cm and Suman throws it at a distance of 16 m 40 cm. Who has thrown the ball farther and bv how much? rLS Ramya's father goes to office either by his office car or by bicycle. lf he uses the c1r, he would have to travel 5 km 400 m. lf he uses his bicycle, he travels by a shorter route which is only 3 km 200 m. Bv how much distance is the second route shorter? Write down at least two advantages of travelling by bicycle. Weight Weight is the measure of the heaviness of an object. The metric measures that are used to weigh objects are kilogram (kg) and gram (g). Lighter objects are measured in grams (g) and heavier objects are measured in kilograms (kg). Weight is measured using a weighing balance.

Rashmi goes to a supermarket with her mother. Rashmi's mother buys 250 g of cauliflower, 150 g of beans, 1OO g of green chillies and 500 g of tomatoes. She also buys 1 kg of sugar. She asks the shopkeeper to put all the vegetables in one pan and the packet of sugar in the other pan of the weighing balance. Rashmi sees that both the measures are equal. 250 g + 150 g + 100 g + 500 g = 1000 g tWe know that 1 kg = 1966 So, 250 g+ 150 g+ 100 g + 500 g= 1 kg Conversion of Units of Weight We know that 1 kilogram (kC) = 1000 grams (C) Kilograms into Grams To convert kilograms into grams, multiply the kilograms by 1000. Example l.: Convert 3 kg into grams. Example 2: Convert 4 kg 255 g into grams. We know, 1kg=1669* 4kg255g =4x10009+2559 NoW 3 kg = 3 x 1000 g = 3999t =40009+ 255 g Thus,3 kg= 3OO0g =4255C Thus,4 kg 255 g = 4255 g Grams into Kilograms To convert grams into kilograms, write 1000 g as L kg or divide the grams by 1.000. Example 1: Convert 6000 g into kg. Example 2: Convert 7892 g into kilograms and Weknow1000g=11g grams. NoW 6000 g= 6 x 1000 g = 6 x 11g 78929=7O0Og+8929 Weknow1000g=11g =6kc Thus,6000g=6kg NoW7000g=7x10008 --7x1kg=7kg Thus,7892g=7k98928 1.. Convert the following into kilograms and grams. a. 2356 g = b. 5980 g =

1. Convert the following into grams. \" 9kg b..3k9629g c. 3 kg299g 4ks569g e. 7 kg350g f. 2kg82Ls g.8kg249g n. 3 k9729 g 2. Convert the following into kilograms and grams. Id. 4642 a. 1000 g o. Stzbg c. 2597 g h. 7777 g e. 5940 g f. 5000 g g. 6437 g \"Addition and Subtraction of Weight \" '- Addition of Weight To add weights, arrange them in the correct columns of units and then add separatelv EEExa mple: Add 24 kg 450 g and 32 kg 250 g. -c 24 450 + 32 250 Thus, 24 kg 450 g + 32 kg 250 g = 56 ftg 799 g Subtraction of Weight To subtract weights, arrange them in the correct columns of units and then subtract seoaratelv. Example: Subtract 38 kg 556 g from 49 kg796I. rilE 49 796 - 38 555 Step 1: Subtract the grams column. Step 2: Subtract the kilograms column. IThus, 49 kg 796 g - 38 kg 556 g = LL kg 24O .-'Ht

Word Problems Example 1: Gautam's mother bought 35 kg 450 g of rice and 200 kg 350 g of flour. How much grocery did she buy? EE Quantity of rice bought 35 450 Quantity of flour bought + 200 350 Total weight of grocery 235 800 Thus, the total weight of the grocery bought is 235 kg 800 g. Example 2: Neha's suitcase weighs 23 kg 240 g. But the airport authority allows only L5 kg 200 g. How much extra weight is Neha carrying? Weight of Neha's suitcase 23 240 Weight she is allowed to carry Extra weight she is carrying -15 200 08 040 Thus, Neha is carrying an extra weight of 8 kg 40 g. 450 OEE c. +5 384 6 684 IO 250 7 300 354 34 L92 \"EE 24 32L +45 464 IO 454 + 16 528 292

z. 5uotrafi. 29 87t 27 829 19 698 a, - 14 669 5 -3 d. 740 80 460 81 726 370 - 49 379 69 30 r>v -38 3. Ranbir purchased 3 kg 400 g of potatoes and 2 kg 250 g of carrots. Find the total weight ofthe vegetables bought by him. 4. In a shop, there was 89 kg 250 g of wheat in the morning. At the end of the day, 28 kg 150 g of wheat was left. How much wheat was sold during the day? 5. The maximum load a lift can carry is 110 kg 500 g. Five children who weigh 125 kg 500 g together, want to travel in the lift. By how many kilograms does the weight exceed? 1. Which is heavier? L kg of cotton or 1 kg of iron: 2. Which is taller? 3 m tall lamp post or 320 cm tall coconut tree: Capacity is the measure of the amount of liquid a container can hold. The standard unit for measuring capacity is litre (L). smaller quantities are measured in millilitres (mt) and larger quantities are measured in litres ([). Consider the following examples. a. A van is filled with Detrol. The meter reads 25 litres.

b. A person buys 5 litres of cooking oil. n. c. The a mount of juice in a fruit juice can is 330 millilitres. lf a milk mug has a capacity to hold 250 mL of milk, it means 4 similar mugs can together hold 1 litre of milk. 250 mL+ 250 mL+ 250 mL+ 250 mL= 1000 mL= L L Conversion of Units of Capacity We know that 1 litre (L) = 1000 millilitres (mL) Litres into Millilitres To convert litres into millilitres, multiply the litres by 1000. Example 1: Convert into millilitres. a. 4l=4x 1000 mL = 4000 mL b. 7 L=1x 1000 mL = 7000 mL c.9L=9x1000m1=9000ml Example 2: Convert into millilitres. a. 3 L 632 mL= 3 x 1000 mL+ 632 mL= 3000 mL+ 632 mL= 3632 mL b. 5 L 100 mL= 5 x 1.000 mL+ 100 mL = 5000 mL+ 100 mL= 5100 mL c. 71999 mL= 7 x 1000 mL+ 999 mL= 7000 mL+ 999 mL= 7999 mL Millilitres into Litres To convert millilitres into litres, write 1000 mL as 1 L or divide the millilitres by 1000. Example 1: Convert 8000 mL into L. Example 2: Convert 3527 mL into L and mL. We know, 1000 mL = 1 L 3527 mL = 3000 mL + 527 mL NoW 8000 ml= 8 x 1000 m1 We know 1000 mL = 1 L =8x11 Now,3000mL=3x1000ml =81 =3x11=31 Thus, 8000 mL = 8L Thus, 3527 mL = 3 L 527 mL 1. convert the following into litres and millilitres. a.6800mL= b.7544m1= 9900 mL =

1. Convert the following into millilitres. a. 3L b. 4L250mL 1L299mL d. 4 1559 ML c. 8L349mL h. 5 1629 ML e. 71399 mL f. 2 L821mL 1635 mL 2. Convert the following into litres and millilitres. n. 6352 mL a. 3000 mL b. 8723 mL c. 4785 mL e. 2426 mL f. 4496mL 5259 mL c. Addition and Subtraction of Capacity Addition of Capacity To add the given capacities, arrange them in the correct columns of units and then add seoararetv. rEExa mple: Add 29 L 400 mL and L3 L 200 mL. 29 400 Step I: Add the mL column. + 13 200 Step 2'. Add the L column. Thus, the sum is 42 L 600 mL. Subtraction of Capacity To subtract the given capacities, arrange them in the correct columns of units and then rElExamDIe: Subtract 11 L 140 mL from 39 L 350 mL. 39 350 Step 1: Subtract the mL column. - 11 t40 Step 2: Subtract the L column. Thus. the difference is 28 L 210 mL.

Word Problems Example L: A shopkeeper sold 13 L 125 mL of apple juice and 25 L 400 mL of watermelon juice in a day. How much juice was sold during the day? Amount of apple juice sold LZ> Amount of watermelon juice sold Total amount of juice sold +25 400 38 s2s Thus, 38 L 525 mL of juice was sold by the shopkeeper during the day. Example 2: Shweta purchased 2 L 750 mL of milk from a dairy. After reaching home, she realised that she needed 3 L 950 mL of milk for the preparation of a sweet dish. How much more milk was needed? Amount of milk required for preparation 5 950 Amount of milk purchased Amount of milk needed 750 Thus, Shweta required 1 L 200 mL of milk more. 1 200 1. Add. O EGil c. 550 4 500 150 255 +5 245 5 500 e. +18 d. 43 350 30 200 62 450 40 400 t4 2L0 +35 250

1 400 bEE .EE 2. Subtract. 250 a. 1s 950 18 800 -9320 5 -5 200 e. -4 f.EE 56 900 55 650 25 300 49 200 -L7 2s0 -39 100 3. A household uses 27 L 800 mL of kerosene in a week. lf 13 L 3OO mL is used in three days, how much kerosene is left? 4. Vicky filled 3 L of petrol in his bike on Monday and 7 L 820 mL of petrol on Tuesdav. How much petrol did he fill in the two days? Reema found out that out of 14 L 500 mL of cooking oil, 3 L 200 mL had been used. How much cooking oil was left? 6. A water tank can hold 28 L 898 mL of water. But 7 L 676 mL of water got leaked through a small hole. How much water is left in the tank? 7. A plastic bathing pool can hold 60 L of water. Kids drain out 54 L. How much water is still left in the pool? Moths Around Us Jatin's mother asks him to bring the following items from the markeT. A rope-15 metres long; Milk-2 litres; potatoes-1 kilogram Jatin asks his mother why she has used different units with all of them. His mother tells him that these are units of measurement. Length is generally measured in centimetres or metres. Weight is generally measured in grams or kilograms. Capacity is generally measured in litres or millilitres. Jatin now understands that his mother is talking about a particular length of the rope, capacity of the milk and weight of the potatoes.

Fruit punch! Shalini's fruit punch is very popular among children. She uses the following ingredients to make the fruit punch. . L L of grape juice . 250 mL of pineapple juice . 400 mL of guava juice . 100 mL of ginger juice 1. After mixing all the ingredients, how much fruit punch will be ready in litres and in millilitres? 2. lf she poured 250 mL in one glass, how many glasses will be required to pour 1 litre of the ounch? 3. Arrange the ingredients used from the least amount to the highest amount. 4. Shalini pours fruit punch into 6 glasses of 250 mL each. How much punch is left? 5. How much more punch is needed to pour into 5 glasses equally? 6. lf the recipe is followed twice, how much fruit punch can be prepared? Mixed bag O OO L. Fill in the suitable unit (cm / m / km) in the boxes. a. Distance between vour town and the next town is measured in b. Length ofyourfoot is measured in c. Length of your study room is measured in d. Height of a building is measured in e. Distance between Delhi and Kolkata is measured in f. Length ofyour mathematics notebook is measured in g. Distance you can travel by car in 2 hours is measured in h. Length ofa centipede is measured in i. Length of a chalk piece is measured in

Length of your school playground is measured in O k. Height of an elephant is measured in t. Length of a swimming pool is measured in (------_l a----l 2. Fill in the boxes. ]m. a. '2 [tf L km = 1000 m, then - 1rn = b. tf j. m = 100 cm, then ]1-m = (----___l.r. 2 c. lf 1L=1000ml '.5then:l=l lmL. 3. Arranse the measurements from the least to the largest capacity. a. 3250 mL, 3 l- 1350 mL, 1 L: 1950 mL, 9150 mL 9 L, 1 L : c. 4040 mL, 4 l. 4400 mL, 4 mL : 4. Decide which unit to use; and fill in the table. Object t/mt a. Bucket of water b. Bottle of eye drops c. Spoon of water d. Jug ofjuice 5. Write true or false. a. A bathtub holds 4 teaspoons of water. b. A bucket holds L0 litres ofwater. c. An eye dropper holds 1 cup of medicine. d. A soup bowl holds 5 litres of soup. e. Margaret made 5 mL of juice. f. Rani washed her clothes with 100 mL of water.

Objective: To reinforce the concept of measurement of weight. Materials required: Some empty containers, weighing balance, weights, things like a bag full of pebbles, pencil box, water bottle and feathers Method: After the topic has been taught in the class, put students into groups for their maths lab and assign them a special task of teaching the topic back to the teacher. lt means that each group must design a way to teach the information they just learnt from the teacher. Students should take the help of activity materials and also create pictorial diagrams. Example: Students arrange the weighing balance and put 5OO g of weight in one pan and the bag with pebbles in the other pan. Observe which of the two pans tilts down. Students take out or add pebbles and ensure that the weighing balance is balanced. The teacher asks questions based on the activity. Students explain that to balance the weighing balance, the weights in both the pans must be equal. This activity reinforces the learnt concepts and helps in better retention. Take turns to invite each group to the front of the class to conduct their presentation. My Proiect It I .-F<***f Name five things that we buy in grams and five things that we buy in kilograms. It is known that many vegetable sellers use faulty weights for- measurement to gain some extra money Discuss in groups olto- ur and present vour views in about 10 lines on how such an act is dishonest and what we can do to stop this' #il

j\"\"'..'............................. :- i 1. Which item is heavier? Write the correct answer in the soace provided. :iz a. A pencl or ^ Kg or poraroes: _ i b. A bucket ofsand or a toothbrush: i c.:- An elepnant or a uger: i z. wtricn unit would you use to weigh the following things? ::- a. Anegg:- b. Adog:- c. A football: I d.i) A pencil: e. A laptop:- f. A bike:- :: 3. Tick Athteyopbjeecw-t wrhiotseerwbeig.hAt ips garieraotefrstohcanksL kg. i a. c. Acandle d. An apple :;: 4.. -T,i.ck the object whose weight is less than 1kg. :: a. A table b. A car c. A matchbox o. A laptop : i 5. Which unit would you use to measure the following lengths? ii a. The length ofa saree E ET b. The length of your book i: c. the length ofa pencil E d. The heightofatree j: 6. Fill in the blanks. : a. _L kilogram = grams b. 2litres=_mL c. 1 kilometre = merres d. 3 kilograms = grams z 7. Convert into centimetres. a. 1m 25 cm b. 3m c. 5m40cm d.2m60cm 8. Circle the one that would hold more. in each ootion. a. A bucket or a cup b. A bottle or a bucket c. A matchbox or a cup 9. Convert into grams. a. 2kg b. 5kg634g c. 9 kg40g d. 4\\e799 e 10. Convert into millilitres. a. 6L b. 5L176mL c. 7L255mL ood. 2L360mL

1. Ankit and Raman practised running for participating in an athletic meet. The distance they ran during a week is given in the table below. Name Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Ankit 750 m 800 m 820 m Raman 800 m 840m 840m m m900 m 1050 1.200 1500 m m m850 m 950 1000 L300 m NoW answer the following questions. a. Who ran a longer distance on Tuesday? b. On which davs Raman ran more than 9OO m? c. How much more distance did Ankit run than Raman on Fridav? d. How much more distance did Ankit run on Sunday than on Mondav? e. Find the total distance covered by each ofthem during the entire weeK. 2. Mr Mishra purchased some vegetables from the market. The vegetables he purchased and their prices are given below in the table. S. No. Vegetables Weight Price Tomatoes 1. 25O e { 15.00 2. Onions 250 e { 6.00 Potatoes 500 g { 16.00 3. Carrots 400 g { 12.00 300 g { 12.00 5. Beans Based on the above information, answer the given questions. a. Find the total money Mr Mishra spent on vegetables. b. What is the total weight ofvegetables he purchased? c. Which bag weighs more-the bag containing carrots and beans or the bag containing onions and potatoes? .t n.H....I H I_..a.._L_n.,.l-...H

10 lntue ti I ii Time is the ongoing sequence ot events taking place. Pinky's Birthday The different units of time given as highlighted words below have been mixed up. Correct them with the help of the clues given below. Pinky has been waiting for the last few seconds for this day. A few seconds back, her mom got her a new dress. She took a bath in ten hours and put on her new dress. Her dad surprised her with a new doll. Before she could blink her eyes, she was loaded with more gifts within days. months seconds minutes da' vs ii ii i.l Some activities require longer time than others. Observe a seedling and see how long it takes to grow. Observe how long it takes for your Fr mother to make a cup of tea or to bake a cake. -G_lr36l -T

Look at the given table. Write some activities that will take seconds, hours or months to happen. One has been done for you. Takes seconds Takes hours Takes months To watch a movie For a plant to grow To gulp a glass of water Reading Time I am a clock. I have numbers from 1to 12 marked on me. I have two hands, a short hand called the hour hand and a long hand called the minute hand. Some clocks have another hand called the seconds hand. The hour hand takes one hour to move from one number to the next number. The minute hand moves faster than the hour hand and takes five minutes to move from one number to the next number The seconds hand moves the fastest and takes five seconds to move from one number to the next number. 1. Read the time and write in two ways. One has been done for yo d. '4ma. c. @t\\d/ 4 otlock 4:00 2. Draw hands on the clock face to show the time given oetow. \"@ a. b. c. o. ll5:30 9 otlock 8:00 otlock Half past 7

Quarter Past and Quarter To MFJ'\" When the minute hand is at 3 and the hour hand is between anv two consecutive numbers, the time is quarter past the smaller number. The only exception to this is when the hour hand comes between L2 and 1. This time is read as quarter past 12. When the minute hand is at 9 and the hour hand is between anv two consecutive numbers, the time is quarter to the greater number. We know that t hour = 60 minutes The quarter of an hour can be obtained by dividing 60 minutes into 4 equal parts. The quarter of an hour = 60 + 4 = 15 minutes Example: In the given clock, the minute hand is at 3 and the hour hand is between 6 and 7. The time shown is quarter past 6 or 15 minutes past 6. Telling Time to 5 Minutes - There are 12 big divisions on the face of a clock. lf you look carefully, vou will find that there are 5 smaller divisions between two consecutive numbers or two big divisions. Each small division represents a minute. In one hour, the minute hand goes once round the clock covering allthe 60 divisions. Therefore, t hour = 60 minutes 5 minutes 45 minutes The adjoining clock shows 2:55. This means that after 5 minutes, the time will be 3:00. Hence, we can say that the time is 5 minutes to 3. The clock shows 3:05. This means that 5 minutes have passed since 3:00. Hence, we can say that the time is 5 minutes past 3.

Examples: Express time in two ways. .@ 6:.2O 5:25 10 minutes to 7 15 minutes to 10 25 minutes past 5 20 minutes past 6 1. Draw the minute and the hour hands on the clock face according to the time mentioned. a. o. 4:LO 5 minutes to 4 10 minutes past 3 Express the time in two ways. b. ffi Cross out (,.) the incorrect time taken. 10 minutes /2 hours 5 minutes /45 minutes a. To eat a sandwich b, To bake a cake 2 hours /a year c, To construct a bridge Match Neetu's schedule with the correct time. .7i45 a. It is 15 minutes past 8, when Neetu starts for her school. . 9:30 b. lt is half past 2, when Neetu comes out of her school. . 2i30 c. lt is 15 minutes to 5, when Neetu goes out to play. . 4:45 d. lt is 1-5 minutes to 8, when Neetu eats her dinner. e. lt is half past 9, when Neetu goes to bed. .8:15

5. Write the time taken in doing the foliowing activities in days, hours, minutes or seconds. Activity Seconds/Minutes/Hours/Days a. Draw a circle b. To travel from Delhi toAgra bytrain c. Packing school bag d. Summer holidays ,yEi Romi had to get up at 6:00 in the morning to reach her school at 8:OO. Her mother used to wake her up every day. One day, to teach her a lesson, her mother did not wake her up. She got up 20 minutes late and reached the school 15 minutes late. At what time did she get up that morning? At what time did she reach the school? What value was her mother trying to instill into her? a. Hardwork b. Discipline c. Respect Discuss the importance of the above selected value in your life. Find the clock that matches the given time and use the letters on the top of each clock to decode the secret. o r 'J- t e,,',r;., []* 't1-5 6i g] I llI=E!elrll lstEll^sslsIlT€l.-Els!till-fEenlE€til-l:Eil$|lll-EllEEl.!ElTlElc-a Trlll*E::.EJsllll qt