Children Picture Dictionary English-English-Hindi with General Knowledge_clone

MEASUREMENT NUMBERS MEASURES DENOTING TIME Unit =1 The time after midnight and before 2 units = 1 pair noon is referred to as Ante-Meridien = 1 dozen (a.m.) e.g. 3 a.m. 12 units = 1 score The time after noon and before midnight is referred to as Post- 20 units Meridien (p.m.) e.g. 6 p.m. 144 units = 1 gross MEASURING WEEK 12 dozen = 1 gross 1723 units or 1 great gross PAPER MEASURES Number British Indian 24 sheets = 1 quire of the day Sunday Ravivar 20 quires = 1 ream 1 perfect ream = 516 sheets 1. 10 reams = 1 bale 500 sheets = 1 commercial 2. Monday Somvar ream 3. Tuesday Mangalvar 4. Wednesday Budhvar 5. Thursday Guruvar MEASURING TIME 6. Friday Shukravar Time is measured through the 7. Saturday Shanivar following facts. It takes 3651/4 days for MEASURING YEAR the Earth to go once round the Sun. It takes 24 hours (one day) for the 1. January 31 days Earth to make one full rotation on its 2. February 28 days axis. 3. March 31 days 60 Seconds = 1 Minute 4. April 30 days 60 Minutes = 1 Hour 5. May 31 days 24 Hours = 1 Day 6. June 30 days 7 Days = 1 Week 7. July 31 days 8. August 31 days 28,29,30 or 31 Days = 1 Month 9. September 30 days 12 Months = 1 Year 10. October 31 days 365 Days = 1 Year 11. November 30 days 366 Days = 1 Leap Year 12. December 31 days 10 Years = 1 Decade Thirty Days have September, April, June and November, 100 Years = 1 Century February has twenty-eight alone, And all the rest have thirty-one ! 1000 Years = 10 Centuries Except in a leap year, there's the time when February's days are twenty-nine. = Millennium Note : Fortnight means a period of two weeks. <151)

X MEANING OF METRIC PREFIXES Ten Basic Unit Tenth Thousand Hundred 1 Hundredth Thousandth 1000 100 10 1'10 A Kilo Metric 1/100 '1000 hecto deca units deci centi milli metre, litre, gram MEASUREMENT OF WEIGHT MEASURES OF LENGTH 10 Milligrams (mg) = 1 Centigram 10 Millimetres = 1 Centimetre (cm.) 10 Centimetres = 1 Decimetre 10 Centigrams = 1 Decigram 10 Decimetres = 1 Metre 10 Decigrams = 1 Gram (1 m. = 100 cm. = 1000 mm.) (1 g. = 1000 mg) 10 Metres = 1 Decametre 10 Decametres = 1 Hectometre 10 Grams = 1 Decagram 10 Hectometres = 1 Kilometre 10 Decagrams = 1 Hectogram (1 km. = 1000 m.) 10 Hectograms = 1 Kilogram MEASURES OF CAPACITY (1 kg. = 1000 g.) 10 Millimetres (ml.) = 1 Centilitre 10 Centilitres = 1 Decilitre 10 Kilograms = 1 Myriogram 10 Decilitres = 1 Litre 10 Myriograms = 1 Quintal ( 1 litre = 1000 ml.) 10 Quintals = 1 Metric Tonne 10 Litres = 1 Decalitre 10 Decalitres = 1 Hectolitre (1 tonne = 1000 kg.) 10 Hectolitres = 1 Kilolitre MEASURING TEMPERATURE KINDS OF ANGLES Degree Celsius or Degree Centigrade (°C) Zero Angle The most widely used unit of temperature. There are 100 degrees Celsius between the An angle of 0° is called normal freezing point of water (0°C) and the boiling point of water (100°C). the Zero angle DEGREE FAHRENHEIT (°F) Acute Angle An acute angle is lesser than 90° Right Angle An angle of 90° is called a right angle 90° The unit of temperature Obtuse Angle There are 180 degrees Fahrenheit between the freezing point (32°F) and the boiling point An obtuse angle lies (212°F) of water. To convert °F to °C, subtract 32, multiply by 5, and divide by 9. between 90° and 180° Straight Angle A straight angle = 2 right angles 180° KELVIN (K) = 180° The SI unit of temperature r Reflex Angle Absolute zero has a A reflex angle lies between temperature of 0 K (zero kelvin), and one 180° and 360° kelvin is equivalent to a degree Celsius. The Complete Angle kelvin scale does not have negative values. A complete angle = 4 right angles 360° (152> = 360°

/ PREFIXES FOR UNITS An international unit of measurement used in science SI stands for Systeme International, which is French for \"international system\". The system of SI units has been agreed for international use, so that scientists around the world can all record the results of their experiments and make their calculations using the same units. One example of an SI unit is the metre. This is the SI unit of length, and equals the distance that light travels in 1/299,792,458 of a second through a vacuum. Light is used as a standard because it has a constant speed. SI UNITS Basic SI units Derived SI units Quantity Unit Symbol Quantity Unit Symbol Length Metre m Area Square m2 Mass Kilogram kg metre Time Second s Volume Cubic m3 Electric metre current Ampere A Frequency Hertz Hz Temperature Kelvin K Force Newton N Light Pressure Pascal Pa intensity Candela cd Energy Joule J Amount Power Watt W of substance Mole mol Electric potential Volt V Basic SI units and derived SI units Electrical The seven basic units have scientific resistance Ohm Q standards that define the size of the units Electric with great precision. The metre and its charge Coulomb C standard are given in the entry above on Radioactivity Becquerel Bq SI units. Other basic units and derived units also have their own entries All derived units are related to the elsewhere in the dictionary. basic SI units. DECIMAL MULTIPLES AND SUBMULTIPLES Decimal multiple Decimal submultiple Name Symbol Multiple Name Symbol Multiple deci d 10 tera T x 1,000,000,000,000 (1012) centi c giga G x 1,000,000,000 (109) milli m h- 100 (10-2) mega M x 1,000,000 (106) micro kilo k x 1,000 (103) nano M 1,000 (10-3) hecto h x 100 (102) pico n 1,000,000(10-6) 1,000,000,000 (10-9) deca da x 10 P 1,000,000,000,000 (10-12) Using multiples and submultiples Multiples and submultiples allow one unit to be Note : kilo means a thousand times hecto means a hundred times used whatever the amount measured. For deca means ten times deci means a tenth part of example, 1 kilogram (1 kg) is 1,000 grams, and I centi means a hundredth part of milli means a thousandth part of milligram (1 mg) is one-thousandth of a gram. Large masses are measured in kilograms, and small masses in milligrams, as shown on the fright. 0l3>

COMMON ABBREVIATIONS \\ A/c Account ex. = Example Adj. 1. Adjective E. & O.E. = Errors and omissions 2. Adjustment Advt. Advertisement Esp. excepted Ans. Answer Etc. = Especially Aug. August Feb. = (etcetera) and the other a.m. (ante meridiem) before Fig. = February mid day ft. = Figure Amt. amount F. = feet Apr. April Fem. = Fahrenheit B. Ed. Bachelor of Education F.o.r. = Feminine B.C. Before Christ Gen. = Free on rail B.A. Bachelor of Arts Gm. = General B.Com. Bachelor of Commerce G.P.O. = gram B.B.C. British Broadcasting H. Corporation Hon. = General Post Office Capt. Captain h., hr. = Hydrogen C.I.D. H.Q. = Honourable Criminal Investigation I.A. = hour Co. Department I.C.U. = headquarters cm. Company I.G. = Indian Army Col. Centimetres i.e. = Intensive Care Unit C/o Colonel (cjrfo) int. = Inspector General D/- Care of Jan. = (id est) that is Dec. Dated junc. = interest D.I.G. December Kc. = January Diet. Deputy Inspector General km. = junction D. Litt. Dictionary kg. = kilo cycle Do. Doctor of Literature kl. = Kilometre (ditto) the same as lb. = kilogram Dr. aforesaid Ltd. = kilo litre 1. Debtor lab. = (libra) pound D/o 2. Doctor Lt. = Limited Dft. Daughter of = laboratory D.S.P. Draft Lt. Gov. = Lieutenant Deputy Superintendent of Mad. = Lieutenant Governor Dis. Police M.D. = Madam D.L.O. Discount Min. Dpt. Dead Letter Office ml. = Doctor of Medicine E. Department M.L.A. = minute ECG East = Milli-iitre Ed. Electrocardiograph Mme. Estd. Editorial M.P. = Member of legislative Established Mrs. Assembly X M.B. M.B.A. = Madame = Member of Parliament M/s. = Mistress = Bachelor of Medicine = Master of Business Administration = Messrs <154>

A miscellaneous Sep. = September \\ misc. Master of Arts St. = 1. Street M.A. 1. Money Order M.O. 2. Medical Officer S. 2. Saint Mister Sat. = South Mr. miles per hour sec. = Saturday m.p.h. (nota bene) Note well sig. = second N.B. Negative sing. = signature Neg. (numero) in number Sub. = singular No. November T.B. = Subject Nov. Oxygen Tel. = Tuberculosis O. October T.O. = Telegraph Oct. Opposite T.V. = Turnover Opp. Object tech. = Television Obj. (Okeh) All correct tele. = technical O.K. ounce tr. = telephone Oz. Post Card U.S.S.R. = transfer P.C. Doctor of Philosophy Ph. D. premium U.D.C. = Union of Soviet Socialist pm. Post Office U.P. Republics P.O. Physical Training U.S.A. P.T. Please turn over U. = Upper Division Clerk P.T.O. (percent) by the hundred U.K. = Uttar Pradesh p.c. plural Vid. = United States of America plu. 1. Prime Minister V.P. = Uranium P.M. 2. (Post Meridiem) V.P.P. = United Kingdom Afternoon V. = (vide) see Pt. Pandit viz. = Vice-President pt. Point V.I.P. = Value payable parcel P.W.D. Public Works Department Wed. = (versus) against Q. Question W/o = (videlicet) namely Qty. Quantity W.H.O. = Very Important Person qr. quarter = Wednesday Re. Rupee W. = Wife of Retd. Retired w.f. = World Health R.S.V.P. (Respondez s'il vous wt. plait) reply, if you please Xm. Organisation Rd. Road X = West ref. reference Yr. Rs. Rupees Zn. = wrong fount S/o Son of & = weight Secy. Secretary = (X'mas) Christmas Sec. Secondary = numeral for ten = Year = Zinc = (et.) and (155)

/ WORDS WHICH COMMONLY CONFUSE N Accept (3Tcj#e) ^ j ; \"TFt. Cattle (%cr?f) 'TTecP ip TTT^T; 3rfiFtaT. Except (i^cHW) 3Tf?IcjKn; yqRT. Kettle ( t o ) Access (anf^f) Cloth (cfcnar) f i t ; tcP ^JldlH cPT 3TT5TI Excess (wn^rr) ttrsn ^TT; M>tmyf ^ n . Clothes (cfvTt^vi) Advice (^CII^-H) Cost (WRS) ^cj^l 0M-SI. Advise (T^JT^MI) wMirMaH;dM. Ruih. Cast *M<JM-II cf><HT. Angel (tjsra) Caste ( CPTTS) w i ^ n ; cpan; 6TOR. Angle (^Tcf) ^fTfTt.e ; ^ . Cheque (^fr) \"?«TR; wfii. Accident cFTR. Check (^P) Incident ot^n; wrrcftm?!. Canvas (IRCRI) VRft. Affect ( s i t e ) Canvass (t^Tcra) MicjiishH; ftrepji-f^. Effect Cite ( w e ) Bad Site (mi?) ; \"EFFEN;-PTR W C P T . Card Bed (ts) Cord ( w i ) •snn. Bail ( t a ) Course (c^rf ) TfRT. Bale Coarse (ctfrtf) \"T^Rajef. Bridal (sT^Sc?) Die (\"STf) Bridle (iTf^ei) Die ( w ) % \\JtRRT ^TCf vJfFj Brake (tcp) Dye Break (sftf) Desert (^H^) Born Dessert Borne (efa) Bear («I3R) ^ ^ cR^ri. Dear (few?) fiftl Bear cf^TRf, Deer (^Rre) f^rui. Beer (^terc) uft ^f TRTEf. Dairy Birth (*jaf) Diary (^raft) RlH^iji fcT^t ijR-dcbl. Berth (era*) ^TtcT c^TT,' ^tSRT . Dose (^m) Blow (^cfr) Doze (^Tyf) T^s; cug ^Tfcm. Below (t^cft) Draught (^irc) Buy («rr|) Drought (^rae) •^ST. By ( ^ i ) Elder ( \" ^ f ) ^ST; arfsjcp arrg ^TcTT. Blue Older (3TW?) ^ r WFf \"ZTT1^. Eligible (^feTWeT) 3TPTE. Blew (^o^) Illegible (^rwcf) fcfRTH. Beside ( f t ^ s ) Farmer ( w f t ) Besides (fiRTT^sxH) Former (xtfrfo) <156)

Farm (tprt) MSfjMleH Mail \"STcp. s Form (TfiW) Male ( t a ) Fair (%3R) \"gtR; ^ToTT. Not (-qfe) Fare 'HTST; tffviR. Knot Ote) Tfte. Floor ( W R ) •pj^' rlcT. Naughty yHK^I; HdUci. Knotty JltdcJW; cpfe^. Flour (tfcTTvJ?) an^T; Nice Feet (T^te) tfc. Feat xWecbU. Niece Gate W 0 ; cjyclHI. Our (3TT3?) FTRT. Gait Ote) \"^TTef; \"TfrJ. Hour (3TT33R) •sfer. Heal (fter) Practice (trffen) . Practise (frffejH) Heel (fta) <?T<J5 e-RT; tllcl cPT 3TWTRT. Here Plan (tcTH) Plane Hear ( H o r ) Wf. \"jf^RT. Hole ( t t t ) Plain Whole (^TeT) Tjpt; ^TRjirf. Pale (^T) Herd ( j i ) Pail ( t a ) Heard (^t) Popular (^gcR) Hair (%*rc) \"elTcT. Populous (if^geRT) \"SRI eRFTI 13JT; 'q^l ^CT Hare (%3R) ^grrfm. Pour (tfR) Tj^TeTTtTR \"TT^t cRTRI; Heart fcTcl. 3nfcT cpt vJ^eHI. Hurt ( j i ) xmra. Pore (*fR) Tttfq. Idle ( a n ^ t ) tcFR; 3TTcT#; Prescribe (fawr^i) ftm ^PRI; ftqfojr CFvrt . Proscribe Ideal (anf^Rra) Industrial (^gft^ra) Pray (3) Tnafal cfi^n. Industrious ( ^ s f ^ r o ) Prey (it) Luxurious (<Hj^R3TFF) Peace (i?Rf) TTtfcF; Luxuriant (cPxgWe) Piece (Tfrfl) Latter (ete*) ; cpT. Pain (iR) Letter (cte?) ^ f ; 3TSR. Pane (iR) Price (TfT^f) Lesson (eRR) cflHd; :,Jc3I; ^R; TRl. (cJst)Lessen (eR?R) ^ T T ; jTc|HI . Prize ( w i s ) ufr^T; yjt^t; \"J7!^ Pair (tore) Lose \"StcTI. Loose (c$h) Pare (ifcR) cblriHI; WH cfi^n; W^TT. Marry Peal (iter) Merry (^fft) fcran: cj^n. Peel (iter) f&efcbl vidKHI. Meet Quiet (cfEfrre) TTTd; P^ttcH. Meat ( # 3 ) ftoRT. Quite (\"WT^e) J

/ cT^rf. Their ( ^ R ) \\ Rain TFFTR; TTvII TTjR<1 . There (^R) cPTR; w f e R . Tail (tci) cTFT; ISIR ^R. Reign (^i) Tale (tei) Pl^l-SHI \"9T \"tRt^TT. Throne (arR) cm \"^ct Rein (^r) wf. Thrown (?tR) Teem tj^i; l^pl; \"^qe. Ring (f?n) flfcl, TPT. feRsRT. Team (^fa) •RT^r. Wring ( # r ) WTvT ^rqife-ipl ifTcf tRl. Vale 3TcRPm. ^^ne^P % W cPT 3ff5RZf. Veil Route (i^e) Vain (cR) cpTR. ftsft. Root (^e) (3%yr)Vein (iR) TFRR. 1TRT. Right Vacation \"qft. \"HRT. Vocation WRT; SJRT tP^RT. Rite (^ife) SJcTT. Waste (ifte) ff^TTH; Waist ( i m ) cfHTufR; c^ol. Write \"Ef^mcT; Ticr^Rftef. Weather Whether ( ^ r ) TFTCRT. Roll ( ^ i ) cfnRt cPT^e. Wear (^RR) TRFFT. chlf^y. Ware (%jr) 7RR. Role (\"tfei) \"cTeTT; cTefcTI. Weak OTcRT; Week Ofop) eft eRTT ^IT «fcT. Sale (^ra) ^PFFft; cpaiT. Weigh (*) Way (if) 3MRT ^ R T . Sail (\"^TeT) irer. Wine (cfT^) T ? R # T T ; 3TTFJRF CFR^TT. Vine ( CTT^T ) CFJJR; T R . See ( # ) vT^RT; Wander (cff^) \"0IT. Wonder (cte?) Tf^fSn ^JR^TT. Sea ( # ) Weight (ite) eft >ir£f. Wait (ire) Steal (^tcf) Yolk tlcff eft v^ff (xgft Yoke (Tfcp) Steel (^of) Sing ( f(t'RR)jr) Swing Sensible Sensitive (\"#tftfeci) Suit (\"ge) Suite (\"qe) Soot(^e) Sole Soul Story (^tft) Storey (^rfl) Stationary ( ^ n f l ) Stationery (t£?r?») Sun (^JR) Son ( T R ) Sore (^R) Soar (\"tfR) Sour (^rra?)

/ ONE WORD SUBSTITUTIONS \\ Alien (TjfeRR) A person residing in a country of which he is not a citizen. Anarchy (3HT^) 3NMcbdi Absence of Government, Annual (\"^ara) wf^fi Happening every year. Anonymous (3rT%to) 'j^Rm That does not bear the name of the writer. VHCH^nAntiseptic (^iiuj^sjcp) ^rcraJ That which counteracts purification. Living in (or near) water. Aquatic Atheist (arafRe) HiR-d* One who does not believe in god. Audience (sfffciHT) srmFm An assembly of listeners. (WzfR)Autobiography (sff^MfRt-TTTtfr) an^wm The life story of a person written by himself. Amateur W ^ T H T One who pursues some art or sport as hobby. Autograph (affst-WP) -gg® ^zrfrfi % I ^ T S R To get signature of some important person in his own hand writing. Bankrupt (tfcrre) (or Insolvent) teciifdiii One who cannot pay off his debt. Biography itfra^l The life story of a person. Brittle (Hren) jpgRi Liable to be easily broken. Botany (wfc^t) cm-qfa f^rsTH The science of vegetable life. Barometer (tRffle?) c i i ^ u ^ i i t^tto i f s An instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure. h ^rr^t 3 # A beautiful lady of fair complexion and Blonde ( ^ u ^ ) golden hair. Cantonment Temporary quarters made for military men. Catalogue (4?rfHT'i) ^ M d A list of the names of books. Century ( ^ g f l ) yidi«?i One hundred years. Colleagues (gMT'XH) ^ - ^ r N n f f Persons working together in the same institution. Combustible (cb^*<?McH) y^eHsTlcH Liable to catch fire easily. Contagious warmp A disease communicable by contact. Credulous (FB^CW-I) CPR m One who believes easily whatever is told. Democracy w r a ^ Government of the people, by the people, for the people. Dictionary (ferer^fl) A book which tells what various words mean. Edible (-qf^ra) ^ ^fpu Fit to be eaten. Eligible (QRHRHeid) ^fr^J One who is fit to be elected. Extempore ( i ^ u f w ) d^bicH TTfro A speech made without previous preparation. Egoist 3Tfcn^I A person who always thinks of himself. Fastidious ( W R ^ R F ^ R A ) ^ R T S U Hard to please. \\Fatal Were* That which causes death. / (159)

/ Fatalist (tftefaree) One who believes in fate. \\ Fiend (^ft^s) H^RVIN A most wicked and cruel man. Germicide (^rifar^s) Substance having power to destroy germs. Honorary (3fF^I) A post for which no salary is paid. Hospitable (^IMfera) OTfas^cmff One who entertains his guests. Hades ^rrara Lower world beneath the earth. Hearse Vehicles to carry corpse (dead body). Holdall (£)d^fd) A canvas bag to hold bedding etc. Honeymoon ( F F R P ) ^ H K M The first night of a newly married couple. Hoyden ^d^et) ers^f A very romping girl. wrIf^Hydra (¥T^|T) f r w i An imaginary serpent with many heads. Hypnotism (fenifevH) fen A science of hypnosis by which a hypnotist can induce an artificial sleep on others. Illegal ($dcft<id) srtrtr Contrary to law. Illegible (^d^f^eid) awd^ii That which cannot be read. Illiterate One who can neither read nor write. Immovable That which cannot be moved. Inaccessible ( f ^ ar^fMlcra) STTR Incapable of being approached. Inaudible ( ^ affffera) That which cannot be heard. Incredible ( ^ tbR;«id) 3rfSre^rcr%J That which cannot be believed. Indispensable (snOw-i^-Md) 3iPicji4 That which cannot be dispensed with. Ineligible ( ^ j f o ^ k H ) 3r*fRf Not fit to be elected or selected. Infallible (^ibichdd) awpvf A person who cannot make a mistake. Insatiable (3H<i^Md) did^fi That which cannot be satisfied. Inseparable (^H^M^d) 3if3m That cannot be separated. Insoluble (<H<Hlc^d) srgcRiflcf That cannot be dissolved. Insurmountable ( ^ m f e ^ r a ) That cannot be overcome. Invincible (^nRnRHeid) ar^ta Incapable of being conquered. Invisible ar^rai That cannot be seen. Irrelevant (s^cWd) aFTifci Not to the point. Irreparable (sjyR^tid) anrtoRi That cannot be repaired. Irritable (^Riefd) Ri-ssRi^si One who is quick to anger. Kindergarten ( f e s n T ^ ) f^T^jaff \"ept A school for kids. Kidnap ( f ^ g ^ j ) 3W£>iui To carry away a person forcibly. Library (HT^tff) ^TcPTcTO A place containing books for reading or reference. \\Linguist (fc^Re) One who knows many languages. / (160)

/ % G R T fen w w i T W J T A speech made for the first time. \\ Maiden speech Manuscript ( ^ g f e F e ) mu^leift Papers written by hand. Mercenary 9Rcfr^q A man working merely for money. Migratory (^i^ilri^l) WMHPTff That moves from one place to another. Millennium (ferfem) \"rr^Rn^l Thousand years. Matinee ^TF? ^ f ^ T T A cinema show which is held in the afternoon. Manifesto ( ^ - T l W l ) \"efrnwr—^T^r A written declaration of Government or a political party Manna (*IHT) ^raraff ^rm Food offered to the Gods. Matrimonial (t^Fftfera) fen? Concerning marriage. Nurse yR^iRchi A lady who attends sick person or infants. Notorious (^Mfara) ^ r m , ^pft Of evil reputation. Omnipotent \"^ferfetTR One who is powerful. Omnipresent ( s f F W r ^ ) ^fezmrcp One who is present everywhere. Omniscient ( a i l ^ W ) TferraT One who knows everything. Opaque (afefi) aiMKcjyfcb A lady who attends sick persons or infants. Optician ^ n ^Ten One who prescribes glasses. Optimist 3TI?MT?[ One who takes the bright side of things. (cj^Rh'H)Orphan ( s t r i r ) aRiar A child whose parents are dead. Oasis A shady fertile place in the desert. Orthodox (snafrsfer) *ifdcii<?i A man of traditional beliefs. Panacea (^hiRwi) ^Hdiui 3fmfSr A remedy for all ills. Pedestrian One who walks on foot. 3KRTPessimist ( M r f e s ) femraT^f One who takes the dark side of things. Pickpocket ^fa One who steals from the pockets of others. Popular (Ml^eN) ^nffiter One who is liked by the people. Postmortem ^rftsn An examination made after death. Posthumous TRuitTRRi Something done for a person after his death, like being awarded. Parables (^t^r^a) itfct ^parnj Stories which build moral. Quorum ^HdH 3ficiyi|ch w i Required minimum number of members to be present in the meeting to pass a resolution. Right srfSjcPR Privilege, enjoyed by citizens. Shrew (\"faqj SFFSTOJ^ A peevish woman. Scholarship (<w>IcnRim) W5f^frf Allowance given to intelligent students. Sanatorium ( ^ d l R i w ) strT^i 3TTSR A place for invalids and convalescents. Teetotaller (^Tet^cR) w p ^ ^len One who totally abstains from alcoholic drinks. \\Tryst TPTO ^sra a place for meeting of two lovers. / (161)

/ A body through which light can pass. \\ Transparent Turncoat (e4cbte) R-i^id wnTf A person who changes his party or principles easily. Unavoidable arawwnft That which cannot be avoided. Unintelligible (sR-g^fciftraci) arato That which cannot be understood. Universal (^Pfe^d) ftfl^zmft A rule that is applicable to all. Vegetarian siicbi^ One who lives on vegetables only. Veteran (cr^TR) One who has long experience. Voluntary (^Tclttl) few ^t Of one's own free will. Waterproof ( d l e ^ ) ^ra a f e t o Through which water cannot pass. Widow ( f e t ) ferai A woman whose husband is dead. Widower (fetere) fej* A man whose wife is dead. Zoo (vsjj Hrfemrc A place where birds, animals etc. are kept. \\ /(162)

/ WORLD - FAMOUS \\ FAMOUS MOUNTAINS FAMOUS RIVERS Height Length (feet) Location 29,028 Location (miles) 28,250 Everest Nepal/Tibet 28,168 Nile Africa 4,160 26,660 K2 Kashmir 26,504 Amazon South America 3,900 25,645 Kanchenjunga Sikkim 25,447 Yangtze-Kiang China 3,400 24,590 Nanga Parbat Kashmir 22,834 Congo Africa 3,000 20,320 Annapurna Nepal 19,344 Mekong S.E. Asia 2,800 19,340 Nanda Devi India 18,481 Ob U.S.S.R. 17,887 Kamet India/Tibet 17,068 2,700 17,000 Communism Peak U.S.S.R Lena U.S.S.R. 2,680 16,795 Aconcagua Argentina 15,771 Mackenzie Canada 2,635 Mackinlev Alakska Hwang Ho China 2,600 Cotopaxi Ecuador Niger Africa 2,600 Kilimanjaro Tanzania Amur U.S.S.R. 2,500 Elburz U.S.S.R. Parana South America 2,500 Popocatapetl Mexico U.S.S.R. Kenya Kenya Yenisei 2,500 Ararat Turkey Mississippi U.S.A. 2,340 Ruwenzori Uganda/ Volga U.S.S.R. 2,300 Cangolese Colorado U.S.A. 2,000 Republic St. Lawrence Canada 2,000 Yukon Canada 2,000 Mont Blanc France Brahmaputra Tibet/India 1,800 Danube Europe 1,720 FAMOUS BRIDGES Waterway Euphrates Turkey/Syria/Iraq 1,700 (miles) Location 27a Indus Tibet/India/Pakistan 1,700 Africa 2 Zambezi Denmark 2 Zambezi Africa 1,600 Storstrom Scotland 17s Tay (Rail) India 174 Ganges India 1,560 Upper Sone India 172 Godavari Scotland 174 FAMOUS VOLCANOES Forth (Rail) Portugal 174 Salazar, Lisbon Scotland 178 Height Tay (Road) Scotland Forth (Road) 17s Location (feet) Golden Gate, San U.S.A. 1 Francisco India 1 Cotopaxi Ecuador 19,612 Hardinge Venezuela 1 Orinoco England Mauna Loa Hawaii 13,680 Severn 1 Victoria Jubilee, Canada 74 Erebus Antarctica 12,450 Montreal Australia Sydney Harbour Etna • Sicily 10,958 Ruapehu New Zealand 9,175 Paricutin Mexico 7,451 Hekla Iceland 4,892 Vesuvius Italy 4,190 Stromboli Italy 3,038 Krakatau Indonesia 2,667 <163)

Caspian Sea FAMOUS LAKES Area Superior (Sq. feet) Victoria Location Aral Sea U.S.S.R. 143,550 Huron Canada/U.S.A. 31,800 Michigan Africa 26,800 Tanganyika U.S.S.R. 25,300 Great Bear Canada/U.S.A. 23,000 Baikal U.S.A. 22,400 Nyasa Africa 12,700 Great Slave Canada 12,275 Chad U.S.S.R. 11,780 Erie Africa 11,430 Ladoga Canada 10,980 Onega Africa 10,000 Titicaca Canada/U.S.A. 9,940 U.S.S.R. 7,000 U.S.S.R. 3,800 Bolivia/Peru 3,200 FAMOUS & LARGEST CITIES Tokyo Japan Djakarta Indonesia Shanghai Brazil New York China Rio de Janeiro Korea London, U.S.S.R. Greater U.S.A. Seoul U.S.A. Buenos Aires Germany Moscow Leningrad Mexico Peking China Sao Paulo England Chicago Japan Mumbai Argentina Berlin (E & W) India Cairo U.S.S.R. Mexico City Iran New Delhi China Tientsin India Brazil Osaka India Kolkata U.A.R. Tehran India Chennai NAMES OF OCEANS NAMES OF THE CONTINENTS Antarctic Arctic Africa Antarctica Asia Australia Atlantic Indian Europe North America South America Pacific <j64> X

/ TOWNS ASSOCIATED WITH INDUSTRIES \\ FOREIGN Town Country Industries Baku Russia Petroleum Bangkok Thailand Shipping Belfast Ireland Ship-building and Linen Goods Buenos Aires Argentina Dairy Products Cadiz Spain Cork Chicago U.S.A. Gramophone Detroit U.S.A. Automobiles Dresden U.S.A. Optical and Photographic Apparatus Glasgow Scotland Machinery, Textile Havana Cuba Cigar Hollywood U.S.A. Films Johannesburg South Africa Gold mines Kimberley South Africa Diamond Mining Leeds England Woollen Goods Los Angeles U.S.A. Films, Oil Lyons France Silk Morocco North Africa Leather Munich Germany Lenses New Orleans U.S.A. Cotton Pittsburgh U.S.A. Iron and Steel Plymouth England Ship-building Sheffield England Cutlery Venice Italy Glass Vienna Austria Glass Wellington New Zealand Dairy Products INDIAN Town Industries Ahmedabad Cotton Aligarh Locks Alwaye Rare Earths Factory Ambarnath Machine Tools (Prototype Factory) (Near Mumbai) Ankleshwar (Gujarat) Oil Bangalore Cotton Textiles, Toys, Carpets, Motors, Aircraft, Indian Telephone Bareilly Industries and Machine Tools Resin Industry, Woodwork X <T65>

Town Industries \\ Batanagar Shoes Bhilai Steel Bhopal Heavy Electricals Bokaro Steel Plant Mumbai Cotton Textile, Cinema Kolkata Jute Manufacture, Electric Bulbs and Lamps Chhindwara Lime-stone, Coal (Madhya Pradesh) Chittaranjan Locomotives (West Bengal) Churk (U.P.) Cement Delhi D.D.T., Textiles and Housing Dhariwal Woollen goods Digboi Petroleum Durgapur Steel Ferozabad Glass Guntur Cotton Manufacture Gwalior Pottery Howrah Jute Jaipur Embroidery, Pottery and Brassware Jagadhari Paper Jalahalli Machine Tools Factory and Electronics Jamshedpur Iron and Steel goods (Tatanagar) Jharia Coal Kanpur Leather, Shoes Katni Cement Khetri Copper Koyali Petro-chemicals Ludhiana Hosiery Moradabad Utensils,Calico printing Mysore Silk Nangal Fertilizers Nepanagar Newsprint Neyveli Lignite Noonamati Oil refining Perambur Railway Coaches Factory (Near Madras) <166>

Town i Industries Pinjore (Haryana) Machine Tools Pimpri (Pune) Penicillin Factory Rana Pratap Sagar Atomic Power Plant Raniganj Coal mining Rourkela Steel, Fertilizer Rupnarainpur Cables (West Bengal) Sindri Fertilizer Singareni (Andhra) Coal Singhbhum Copper Surat Textiles Suratgarh Modern Agricultural Farm Tiruchirapalli Cigar Titagarh Paper Trombay Atomic Reactors, Fertilizers Varanasi Silk Textile Vishakhapatnam Ship-building TOWNS SITUATED ON RIVER BANKS FOREIGN Town River Town River 1. Baghdad Tigris Moskva 2. Belgrade Hudson 3. Berlin Danube 16. Moscow St. Lawrence 4. Budapest Spree 17. New York Seine 5. Buenos Aires Danube 18. Ottawa Vitava 6. Cairo La Plata 19. Paris St. Lawrence 7. Dublin Nile 20. Prague Irrawadi 8. Hang Chow Liffey 21. Quebec Tiber 9. Kabul Yangtse-Kiang 22. Rangoon Mississippi 10. Karachi Kabul 23. Rome Darling 11. Khartoum Sindh 24. St. Louis Arakawa 12. Lahore Nile 25. Sydney Danube 13. Lisbon Ravi 26. Tokyo Vistula 14. London Tag us 27. Vienna 15. Madrid Thames 28. Warsaw Menzaneres \\ CT67) /

/ TOWNS SITUATED ON RIVER BANKS \\ INDIAN Town River Town River 1. Agra Narbada 2. Allahabad Jamuna 13. Jabalpur Ganges Chambal 3. Ayodhya Confluence of 14. Kanpur Indus 4. Badrinath Gomti 5. Kolkata the Ganges 15. Kotah Godavari 6. Cuttack Bhima 7. Delhi and the Jamuna 16. Leh Ganges 8. Dibrugarh Brahmaputra 9. Ferozepore & Saraswati 17. Lucknow Mahanadi 10. Guwahati Jhelum 11. Hardwar Saryu 18. Nasik Cauvery 12. Hyderabad Tapti Alaknanda 19. Pandharpur Ganges Mineral Krishna Hoogly 20. Patna Mahanadi 21. Saikowaghat Jamuna 22. Sambalpur Brahmaputra 23. Srinagar Sutluj 24. Srirangapatnam Brahmaputra 25. Surat Ganges 26. Varanasi Musi 27. Vijayawada MINERALS IN INDIA Name of the State 1. Aluminium (qc^ftP^H) (1) Orissa (2) Bihar (from Bauxite) (1) Karnataka (2) Bihar (1) Bihar (2) Kerala 2. Asbestos (\"^ ciicHi d-^HAi emj) (1) Rajasthan (2) Kerala (1) West Bengal (2) Bihar 3. China Clay ftfl) (1) Bihar (2) Rajasthan (1) Madhya Pradesh (2) Andhra Pradesh 4. Cobalt ('Plere % ttch t f W sjt^) (1) Karnataka (2) Andhra Pradesh (1) Rajasthan (2) Tamil Nadu 5. Coal (cbl^di) (1) Bihar (2) Orissa (1) Rajasthan 6. Copper (diHi) (1) Rajasthan (2) Andhra Pradesh (1) Madhya Pradesh (2) Andhra Pradesh 7. Diamond (1) Madhya Pradesh (1) Rajasthan (2) Andhra Pradesh 8. Gold (^PTi) (1) Bihar (2) Gujarat (1) Assam 9. Gypsum ( u f ^ i (1) Rajasthan (2) Bihar (1) Karnataka (2) Maharashtra 10. Iron (effFf) (1) Bihar (2) Rajasthan (1) Kerala (2) Kerala 11. Lead (#^tt) (1) Bihar 12. Zinc (uH-di) 13. Limestone ( ^ t 'qRarc) 14. Manganese (^i-Tltf) 15. Marble ( w j m ) 16. Mica 17. Petroleum (^rfcRFi) 18. Red Stone {tmw&R) 19. Silver (^rMt) 20. Tungsten ( ^ ^ t f t n f l t n ^ ) 21. Thorium ucbu eft tn^) 22. Uranium (f^isTld ^RjaiI ^i^ch (m) '

/ AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN INDIA \\ Agricultural Product Name of the State 1. Barley (\"sft) (a) Punjab (b) U.P. 2. Cinchona (J^H 4>l ^rs) (a) Tamil Nadu (b) Kerala 3. Cashew nut (^Tujj (a) Karnataka (b) Tamil Nadu 4. Coconut & Copra (fen) (a) Kerala (b) Tamil Nadu 5. Coffee (cwfr) (a) Karnataka (b) Kerala 6. Cotton (chMKH) (a) Maharashtra (b) Gujarat 7. Indigo ( f e i ) (a) Bihar (b) Tamil Nadu 8. Jute (Md^H) (a) West Bengal (b) Assam 9. Maize ( T O ) (a) U.P. (b) Bihar 10. Rice (*iicid) (a) West Bengal (b) Andhra Pradesh 11. Sandal Wood (a) Karnataka 12. Sugarcane ( ' H i ) (a) U.P. (b) Bihar 13. Spices {M t-wic}) (a) Kerala (b) Karnataka 14. Tea (a) Assam (b) Kerala 15. Tobacco (a) Maharashtra (b) Tamil Nadu 16. Wheat m j (a) Punjab (b) U.P. FAMOUS BOOKS BY FOREIGN AUTHORS Books Authors A Stranger in the Mirror Sidney Sheldon Anna Karenina Leo Tolstoy A Farewell to Arms Ernest Hemingway Adventures of Sherlock Holmes Arthur Conan Doyle Alice in Wonderland Lewis Carroll Affluent Society J.K. Galbraith A Passage to India E.M. Forster Androcles and the Lion George Bernard Shaw All Quiet on the Western Front Eric Maria Remarque A Tale of Two Cities Charles Dickens A Week with Gandhi Louis Fischer Ambassador's Report Chester Bowles Arms and the Man George Bernard Shaw Asian Drama Gunnar Myrdal

Antony and Cleopatra William Shakespeare As You Like It William Shakespeare August 1914 Alexander Solzhenitsyn Babbit Sinclair Lewis Blind Ambitions John Dean Bitter Sweet Noel Coward Ben Hur Lewis Wallace Blind Beauty Boris Pasternak Candida George Bernard Shaw Candide Voltaire Cancer Ward Alexander Solzhenitsyn Comedy of Errors William Shakespeare Crime and Punishment Fyodor Dostoevsky Caesar and Cleopatra George Bernard Shaw Canterbury Tales Geoffrey Chaucer Count of Monte Cristo Alexander Dumas Crisis in India, The Ronald Segal David Copperfield Charles Dickens Das Kapital Karl Marx Doctor's Dilemma George Bernard Shaw Death of a President William Manchester Don Quixote Miguel de Cervantes Doctor's Wife Brian Moore Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Robert Louis Stevenson Dr. Zhivago Boris Pasternak Deserted Village Oliver Goldsmith Decline and Fall of the Roman Edward Gibbon Empire Divine Comedy Dante Education of a Public Man, The Hubert H. Humphrey Ends and Means Aldous Huxley Expanding Universe Eddington Essays of Elia Charles Lamb Emma Jane Austen Freedom in Arms A.L. Morton Freedom at Midnight Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre Far From the Madding Crowd Thomas Hardy For Whom the Bell Tolls Ernest Hemingway Forsyte Saga John Galsworthy

1 Authors Books J.W. Von Goethe Ivan Turgenev Faust Alexander Solzhenitsyn Father and Sons Henry Miller First Circle Ayub Khan Fenius and Lust Margaret Mitchell Friends, Not Masters Winston Churchill Gone with the Wind Norman Angel Gathering Storm Pearl S. Buck Great Illusion Alexander Solzhenitsyn Good Earth Charles Dickens Gulag Archipelago Jonathan Swift Great Expectations Sheikh Saadi Gulliver's Travels William Shakespeare Gulistan J.R. Rowling Hamlet Saul Bellow Harry Potter Victor Hugo Humboldt's Gift John Gunther Hunchback of Notre Dame John Gunther Inside Asia Alfred Tennyson Inside Africa Homer Idylls of the King H.G. Wells Iliad Sir Walter Scott Invisible Man Charlotte Bronte Ivanhoe Allan and Wendy Scarfe Jane Eyre Rudyard Kipling J.P.- His Biography Romain Rolland Jungle Book William Shakespeare Jean Christopher Sir Walter Scott Julius Caesar Robert Louis Stevenson Kennilworth Rudyard Kipling Kidnapped William Shakespeare Kim H.G. Wells King Lear J.J. Rousseau Kipps D.H. Lawrence Le Contract Social (Social Contract) Vincent Shean Lady Chatterley's Lover Eric Segal Lead Kindly Light Victor Hugo Love Story Les Miserables

Books Authors Lycidas John Milton Living Room Graham Greene Lolita V. Nobokov L' Allegro John Milton Life of Dr. Johnson James Boswell Magic Mountain Thomas Mann Macbeth William Shakespeare Major Barbara George Bernard Shaw Man and Superman George Bernard Shaw Man Eaters of Kumaon Jim Corbett Man, the Unknown Lewis Carroll Mother Maxim Gorky Mother India Katherine Mayo Mein Kampf Adolf Hitler Murder in the Cathedral T.S. Eliot Merchant of Venice Much Ado About Nothing William Shakespeare Mysterious Universe William Shakespeare Marriage and Morals James Jeans Nine Days Wonder Bertrand Russell Nemesis John Mansfield Nineteen Eighty Four Emile Zola Oliver Twist George Orwell Of Human Bondage Charles Dickens Odyssey W. Somerset Maugham One World Homer Origin of Species Othello Wendell Wilkie Old Man and the Sea Charles Darwin Pride and Prejudice William Shakespeare Pakistan Crisis Ernest Hemingway Paradise Lost Jane Austen Promises to Keep David Loshak Pilgrim's Progress John Milton Pygmalion Chester Bowles Peter Pan John Bunyan Prince George Bernard Shaw J.M. Barrie Public Persons Machiavelli Pickwick Papers Walter Lippmann Rain King, The Charles Dickens Rainbow, The Saul Bellow Reprieve Pearl S. Buck Rape of the Lock Jean Paul Sartre Alexander Pope

Books Authors Romeo and Juliet William Shakespeare Republic Plato Rape of Bangladesh Anthony Mascarenhas Robinson Crusoe Daniel Defoe Rubaiyat-i-Omar Khayyam Edward Fitzgerald Red Star Over China Edgar Snow Razor's Edge W. Somerset Maugham Rains Came Louis Bromefield Sleeping Murder Agatha Christie Samler's Planet Saul Bellow Scarlet Pimpernel Baroness Orczy Story of My Life Moshe Dayan Sense and Sensibility Jane Austen Shahnama Firdausi She Stoops to Conquer Oliver Goldsmith St. Joan George Bernard Shaw Sohrab and Rustom Matthew Arnold Shape of Things to Come H.G. Wells Spirit of the Age William Hazlitt Sons and Lovers D.H. Lawrence Three Musketeers Alexander Dumas The Other Side of Midnight Sidney Sheldon Talisman Sir Walter Scott Tales from Shakespeare Charles Lamb Tess of D'Urbervilles Thomas Hardy Treasure Island Robert Louis Stevenson The Idiot Fyodor Dostoevsky Twelfth Night William Shakespeare The Trumpet Major Thomas Hardy Thank You, Jeeves P.G. Wodehouse Triumph J.K. Galbraith Time Machine H.G. Wells Tropic of Cancer Henry Miller Utopia Thomas Moore Universe Around Us James Jeans Unto This Last John Ruskin Ulysses James Joyce Upturned Soil Mikhail Sholokhov Vicar of Wakefield Oliver Goldsmith Victim, The Saul Bellow War and Peace Leo Tolstoy Walking on the Water Hugg Cudlipp Wuthering Heights Emily Bronte Wealth of Nations Adam Smith Way of All Flesh Samuel Butler Waste Land T.S. Eliot

/ FAMOUS BOOKS BY INDIAN AUTHORS \\ Books Authors Adhe Adhure Mohan Rakesh Arthashastra Kautilya Agni Pariksha Acharya Tulsi Autobiography of an Unknown Indian Nirad C. Chaudhuri Ain-i-Akbari Abul Fazal Asia and Western Dominance K.M. Pannikar Bhagwat Geeta Maharishi Ved Vyas Between the Lines Kuldip Naiyar Ba Mulahaza Hoshiar Narendra Pal Singh Broken Wing Sarojini Naidu Coolie Mulk Raj Anand Chidambara Sumitranandan Pant Confession of a Lover Mulk Raj Anand Continent of Circe Nirad C. Chaudhuri Chinese Betrayal B.N. Mullick Death of a City Amrita Pritam Distant Neighbours Kuldip Naiyar Durgesh Nandini Bankim Chandra Chatterjee Discovery of India J.L. Nehru Divine Life Swami Sivananda Gardener Rabindra Nath Tagore Geet Govinda Jaidev Glimpses of World History J.L. Nehru Gora Rabindra Nath Tagore Gul-e-Naghma Raghupati Sahai Firaq Gorakhpuri Gana Devata Tara Shanker Bandhopadhyaya Gitanjali Rabindra Nath Tagore Godan Prem Chand Guide R.K. Narayan Harshacharita Bana Bhatta Hindu View of Life Dr. S. Radhakrishnan Himalayan Blunder Brigadier J.P. Dalvi Hungry Stones Rabindra NathTagore India after Nehru Kuldip Naiyar India Divided Rajendra Prasad India Wins Freedom Abul Kalam Azad India from Curzon to Nehru Durga Das and After I Am Not an Island K.A. Abbas India, The Critical Years Kuldip Naiyar India, The Wasted Years 1969-75 Rajinder Puri I Follow the Mahatma K.M. Munshi Judgement, The Kuldip Naiyar Jobs for the Millions V.V. Giri <rS>

Books <jzD Authors Kamayani Jai Shanker Prasad Kadambari Bana Bhatta Life Divine Sri Aurobindo My Experiments with Truth Mahatma Gandhi Malati Madhav Bhavabhuti My Life and Times V.V. Giri Mahabharata Maharishi Ved Vyas Meghdoot Kalidas Mudra Rakshasa Vishakhadutta Many Worlds K.P.S. Menon Nisheeth Uma Shanker Joshi Out of Dust D.F. Karaka Panchtantra Vishnu Sharma Prison and Chocolate Cake Nayantara Sehgal Prison Diary Jaya Prakash Narayan Post Office Rabindra Nath Tagore Prem Pachisi Prem Chand Ramayana Maharishi Balmiki Ram Charita Manas Tulsidas Raghuvansa Kalidas Raj Tarangini Kalhan Ratnavali Harsh Vardhan Red Tape and White Cap P.V.R. Rao Story of My Life Morarji Desai Sunny Days Sunil Gavaskar Shakuntala Kalidas Satyarth Prakash Swami Dayanand Shri Ramayana Darshanam K.V. Puttappa Saket Maithili Sharan Gupta Shahnama Firdausi Swapna Vasavadatta Bhasa Two Leaves and a Bud Mulk Raj Anand Untold Story General B.M. Kaul Urvashi Ramdhari Singh Dinkar Uttara Ramcharita Bhavabhuti Unhappy India Lala Lajpat Rai Vish Vriksha Bankim Chandra Chatterjee Vande Mataram Bankim Chandra Chatterjee Wall of Glass, The K.A. Abbas Witness to an Era Frank Moraes War of Indian Independence Vir Savarkar Yashodhara Maithili Sharan Gupta Yesterday and Today K.P.S. Menon Yayati V.S. Khandekar Zulfi, My Friend Piloo Mody

/ IMPORTANT PLACES (Indian and Foreign) Place Abu Simbal Location and Importance Adam's Bridge Agra Located on the bank of Nile river in Egypt, is known for the Ajanta & Ellora ancient rock-cut temples by Ramesses II. The 17-mile long bridge is only a line of rocks and sand-banks Ajmer between Sri Lanka and India. Alexandria Located on the bank of the Jamuna in U.P. is known for Taj Mahal, Fort and Pearl Mosque. Aliabet Located near Aurangabad in Maharashtra state are famous Allahabad for the Buddhist cave temples which are ornamented with sculptures carved with paintings. Alwaye Located in Rajasthan is a pilgrim centre for Muslims. The Amarnath tomb of Khwaja Muin-ud-din Chishti is also located here. Amritsar A renowned city and sea-port of Egypt, founded by Alexander Anand the Great^is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. The Anand Bhawan Pharos of Alexandria-a marble watch town and light house on Aurangabad the island of Pharos in the harbour of Alexandria—is also located here. XAvadi Located near Bhavnagar in Gujarat state is the site of the first offshore oil well in India. Located in Uttar Pradesh is an important place of Hindu pilgrimage for being the confluence of three rivers— the Ganga, the Jamuna and the Saraswati. Located in Kerala is known for the FACT unit manufacturing fertilizers and Monazite factory. Located in the state of Jammu and Kashmir and situated at a height of about 13000 feet is a famous Hindu pilgrim centre. Located in Punjab is known for the Golden Temple and is remembered for the Jalianwala Bagh Tragedy. Located in Gujarat State is famous for co-operative milk-dairy, AMUL butter and milk being the chief products. Situated in Allahabad, residence of Pt. Moti Lai Nehru is now dedicated to the Indian National Congress. Located in Maharashtra state is famous for the tomb of Aurangzeb and his wife. Situated in Tamil Nadu is known for the location of Government-owned heavy vehicles factory. <176>

^/ac\" Location and Importance Ayodhya It is located near Faizabad in U.P. Rama is the most important Bangalore king associated with this place. It is the capital of Karnataka state. Hindustan Aircraft Factory, Barauni Indian Telephone Industries and H.M.T. factories are in this town. Bethlehem Situated in Bihar is known for a big oil refinery in public Bhakra sector. Bhilai It is in Israel and is the birth place of Jesus Christ. It is in Punjab and is known for the Bhakra Dam. Big Ben Situated in Madhya Pradesh is known for the big steel plant set up with the assistance of Russia. Bhubaneshwar It is the big clock installed in 1859 on the tower of British Bokaro Parliament House building in London. Bombay High The capital of Orissa is famous for Linga Raja Temple. Buland Darwaza Situated in Bihar is known for the Steel Plant. It is India's most promising off-shore oil area in Arabian Sea. Cape Kennedy It is a gate way of Fatehpur Sikri in Agra and is known for its height (176 feet). Capitol, The Located in Florida (U.S.A.) is the missile launching centre and headquarters of NASA. Chandigarh Located in Washington houses the Senate (The Parliament of Chittaranjan the United States of America). Joint capital of Punjab and Haryana states. Chittorgarh Situated in West Bengal is known for the manufacture of railway locomotives. Dayalbagh It is situated in Rajasthan and is known for Tower of Victory which was built by Rana Kumbha. Detroit It is in Agra and is famous as a religious and cultural seat of the Hindus who believe in Radha Swami Sect. Delhi It is a town in U.S.A. which is famous as the biggest car manufacturing place in the world. Dhariwal Old capital of India and is famous for its historical and Digboi religious monuments. Durgapur It is in Punjab and is famous for woollen goods. Elephanta It is in Assam and is known for oil fields and oil refinery. Located in West Bengal is famous for the steel plant. Empire State It is an island in Bombay harbour and famous for rock-cut Building caves. Etna Fatehpur Sikri Located in New York is one of the world's tallest buildings. It is a volcano in Italy. About 35 kms. from Agra in Uttar Pradesh is of tourist impor- tance. The famous Buland Darwaza is located here. <m>

Place Location and Importance Ferozabad Situated in Uttar Pradesh is known for the glass bangle Ghazipur industry. Gole Gumbuz A town in Uttar Pradesh is known for Government opium Great Wall of factory. China Located in Bijapur (Mysore) is the largest dome of the world. It is known for the world famous Whispering Gallery. Hague, The The 1500-mile long fortification in China running from Kansu Haldia province to Hopeh province was built by the Chinese Emperor Hanging Gardens Shih Hawang. of Babylon It is in Netherlands and is famous for the seat of the International Court of Justice. Havana It is in West Bengal and is famous for oil refinery set up in collaboration with Romania and France. Jamshedpur One of the seven wonders of the world. These were first planted in 603 B.C. by King Nebuchadnezzar and are located Jerusalem 60 miles south of Baghdad. It is the capital of Cuba and is known for the manufacture of Jharia cigars. Jog Falls An industrial centre situated in Bihar. Iron and steel industries of the Tata Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. are located here. Kandla A place of pilgrimage for the Christians, Jews and Muslims. Al Konark Aqsa Mosque and the Wailing Wall are located here. Located in Bihar is famous for the coal industry. Kremlin They are in Karnataka and are one of the highest waterfalls in Ludhiana the world. Madurai A major port in Gujarat and is famous for fertilizers. Mahabalipuram Located near Puri in Orissa is known for Black Pagoda and Sun Temple. Mathura It is a large fortified citadel in Moscow. The Secretariat of the Soviet Government is located here. Mecca A town in Punjab is famous for hosiery, cycle and sewing machine industries. Monte Carlo A town in Tamil Nadu is famous for the Meenakshi Temple. Mount Abu It is located near Madras and is famous for the rock-cut Nepanagar temples. The famous Arjuna Ratha, Draupadi Ratha and Dharmaraja chariot are also located here. \\Panna It is located near Agra in U.P., is famous for the birth place of Lord Krishna. It is in Saudi Arabia and is known for being the birth place of Prophet Mohammed, the founder of Islam. It is a place of pilgrim importance for the Muslims. Located in France is known as a gambling centre. It is in Rajasthan and is famous for Jain Temples. It is in Madhya Pradesh and is known for the newsprint factory which is owned by the Government. Located in Madhya Pradesh is famous for diamond mines <m>

Place Location and Importance \\ Perambur Located near Madras in Tamil Nadu is known for Integral Pimpri Coach Factory where passenger coaches are manufactured. Pushkar Located in Maharashtra is known for the penicillin factory. A lake in Rajasthan which is a place of pilgrimage of the Rajghat Hindus. Located on the bank of Jamuna in Delhi is the place where Rishikesh Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of the Nation was cremated in January 1948. Rourkela It is near Hardwar in Uttar Pradesh and is known for the Sambhar antibiotic factory. Also a place of pilgrimage for Hindus. Sanchi A town in Orissa is known for steel plant and fertilizer factory. Sarnath It is a lake in Rajasthan which is famous for salt. Located in Madhya Pradesh is famous for Buddhist Stupas. Shanti Van It is near Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh and is a famous Buddhist pilgrim centre. Deer Park and Ashoka Pillar are located here. It is situated in Delhi on the bank of Jamuna. Pt. Jawahar Lai Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India was cremated here in May 1964. Sindri It is an industrial town of Bihar. A fertilizer factory is located here. Sriharikota Located in Andhra Pradesh is famous as a satellite launching centre. Tarapore It is near Mumbai in Maharashtra and is known for India's atomic power station. Thumba Located in Chittor in Rajasthan was built by Rana Kumbha in 1448 to commemorate his victory. Ujjain An ancient city in Madhya Pradesh is famous for Mahabale- shwar Temple. Verrazano : The world's longest bridge (4260 feet) between Staten Island and Brooklyn, New York. Narrows Bridge Located in Calcutta was built in memory of Queen Victoria. It is situated in Delhi on the bank of Jamuna. Lai Bahadur Victoria Memorial : Shastri was cremated here in January 1966. It is a big harbour on the eastern coast of India in Andhra Vijay Ghat Pradesh and is famous for the ship building industry and oil refinery. Visakhapatnam Located in New York is U.S.A.'s important stock exchange market. Wall Street Official residence of the American President since 1800 A.D. White House President John Adams was the first President of America to live here. Yellowstone : It is U.S.A.'s oldest and largest national park. The spectacular falls and impressive canyons of the Yellow-stone River are the maior attractions here.

INVENTIONS AND INVENTORS Invention Inventor Aeroplane Wright Brothers Aniline Dyes Hoffmann Air-brake (for rail-roads) George Westing-house Anti-polio Vaccine Jonas E. Salk Antiseptic Surgery Lord Joseph Lister Atom Bomb Otto Hahn Atom—breaking up the nucleus of an Rutherford Atomic Clock Dr. Willard Frank Libby Atomic Theory Dalton Atomic Structure Bohr and Rutherford Automobile Daimler Barometer Torricelli Balloon Montgolfier Beri Beri—cause of Eijkman Bicycle Macmillan Blood Circulation Harvey Blood Transfusion Land Steiner Calculating Machine Pascal Camera Zeiss Cholera bacillus Robert Koch Chloroform James Harrison and James Simpson Celluloid Parkes Cinematography Thomas Edison Cosmic Rays R.A. Millikan Crescograph J.C. Bose Crystal Dynamics C.V. Raman Diesel Oil Engine Rudolf Diesel Drinker's Chamber Dr. Philip Drinker Dynamite Alfred Nobel Dynamo Michael Faraday Electric Battery Volta Electric Attraction—Fundamental, Law of Coulomb Electric Lamp Edison Electrical Energy—Measurements of Joule, James Prescott Electrical Resistance—Law of Ohm

Invention Inventor Electricity Current Volta Electrons—Discovery of J.J. Thomson Electron Theory Bohr Fick's Law Fick Evolution—Theory of Charles Darwin Fountain Pen Waterman Film and Photographic goods Kodak Gas Engine Daimler Gramophone Thomas Edison Gravitation—Laws of Newton Glider George Cayley Helicopter Igor Ivan Sikorsky— 1939 Heredity—Laws of Gregor Mendel Homoeopathy Hahnemann Hovercraft Cockerell Hydrogen Cavendish Hydrophobia Louis Pasteur Incandescent Bulb Edison Insulin (as a palliative for diabetes) F. Banting Intelligence Tests Binet Iron Lung Dr. Philip Drinker Jet Propulsion Frank Whittle Kala-azar Fever U.N. Brahmachari Laughing Gas Priestley Lever—Principle of (and of Specific Gravity) Archimedes Life Boat Henry Greathead Lift (Power Elevator) Otis Lightning Conductor Benjamin Franklin Logarithms John Napier Lenses Zeiss Machine Gun Dr. Gattling Magazine of Rifle Mauser Malaria Parasite Dr. Ronald Ross Manufacture of Washing Soda Laplanc

/ Invention Inventor Mechanical Equivalent of Heat Joule Edison Megaphone Maria Montessori Hideki Yukawa 'Montessori' method of teaching children David Edward Hughes—1878 Janssen (improved by Galileo) Meson Morse Swinton Microphone Newton Dalton Microscope Charles Darwin W. Ramsay Morse System of Electric Telegraphy Chadwick Otto Hahn Military tank W.H. Carothers Shalimar Motion—Law of Alexander Fleming Mendeleev Multiple Proportions—Laws of Edison A. Becquerel Natural Selection—Laws of L. Daguerre Gabriel Lippman Neon—gas George Eastman Edgerton Neutron N.R. Finsen Dunlop Nuclear Fission Cartwright Cutenberg Nylon Dr. Sigmund Freud Max Planck Paints Madam Joliot and Irene Curie A. Henry Becquerel Penicillin Robert Watson Watt Marconi Periodic Law Lee De Forest Alexanderson Phonograph Photo-electric-cell-Theory of Photography Photography (coloured) Photography (Roll Films) Photography (Under-sea) Phototherapy PneumaticTyre Power loom Printing Press Psycho-analysis Quantum Theory Radio-activity Artificial Radio-activity of Uranium Radar Radio XRadio Telephone <182> Radio Transmitter

Invention Inventor Radium Madame Curie Railway Engine Stephenson Relativity—Theory of A. Einstein Heart Transplantation Christiaan Barnard Revolver Colt Safety Lamp (Miner's) Humphrey Davy Safety Razor Gillette Salk Vaccine (Anti-polio) Dr. James E. Salk Seismograph Robert Mallet Sewing Machine Elias Howe Space Flying Dr. Wernher Von Brown Sextant John Hadley Steam Boat Fulton Steam Engine James Watt Steel Smelting Process Sir Henry Bessemer Stethoscope Laennec Submarine John P. Holland—1875 Streptomycin Waksman Sulpha drugs G. Domagk Talkies Lee De Forest Telephone A. Graham Bell Telescope Hans Lippershey—1608 Telescope (Reflecting) Newton Television Apparatus J.L. Baird Thermometer Fahrenheit Vacuum Flask (Trade Name Thermos Flask) James Dewar Torpedo Robert Whitehead Transistor W. Shockley Tubercle Baccilli Koch Typewriter Sholes Uranium A. Henry Becquerel Vaccination (Smallpox) Edward Jenner Vitamins Funk Vitamin D F.C. Hopkins Rubber, Vulcanising Good Year Wireless Telegraphy Marconi X-ray Roentgen Yellow fever—Causes of Reed

/ GEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERIES \\ Amundsen Discovered South Pole in 1911. Neil Armstrong First person to set foot on the moon on July 21, 1969. Byrd Flew over the North Pole in 1926 and over the South Pole in 1929. Discovered Edsel Ford mountains and Captain Cook Morie Byrd Land. Columbus Discovered Sandwich now called Hawaiian Isles David Livingstone in 1770. Edmund Hillary Discovered West Indies in 1492 and South America in 1498. Ferdinand de Lesseps Discovered the Victoria Falls, Lake Nyasa in Africa and Kepler Johannes course of the Zambezi Lindberg Joint conqueror of Mount Everest with Tenzing. In a Magellan Trans-Atlantic expedition he reached South Pole on January 3, 1958. Marco Polo Conceived the plan of the Suez Canal which was Nausen completed in 1869 through his efforts. Robert Peary Discovered the Laws of Planetary Motion in 1609. Shackleton Made the first solo-flight across the Atlantic from New Sven Hedin York to Paris in 1927. Commanded the first expedition in 1519 to sail round Tasman the world and discovered a passage to the Pacific from Tenzing the Atlantic through the straits. Vasco da Gama Explored China, India, South eastern countries and published the record of his various explorations. Explored across Green land and reached the highest altitude in the North Polar Region till then attained. First person to reach the North Pole in 1909. An Arctic explorer who reached within 100 miles of the South Pole. A Swedish explorer who contributed to the geographic and archaeological knowledge of the large areas of Central Asia. A Dutch navigator who discovered Tasmania and New Zealand in 1642. The first Sherpa to reach Mount Everest on May 29, 1953 along with Edmund Hillary. A Portuguese navigator who rounded the Cape of Good Hope and discovered the sea route to India in 1498. (T§4)

/ SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR USE \\ Altimeter Measures altitudes in an aircraft. Ammeter Measures electrical currents in amperes. Anemometer Measures the force and velocity of wind. Audiometer Measures intensity of sound. Audiophone Improves imperfect sense of hearing. Barometer Measures the atmosphere pressure. Callipers A compass with legs measuring the inside or outside diameter of bodies. Calorimeter Measures quantities of heat. Carburettor Charges air with petrol vapours in an internal combustion engine. Cardiogram Traces the movements of the heart. Chronometer It is kept on board ships to measure accurate time. Cinematograph It consists of a series of lenses arranged to throw on a screen an enlarged image of photographs. Compass Needle It is used for knowing approximately the North-South direction of a place. Crescograph It is used for recording the growth of plants. Drinker's Appartus Helps in breathing in infantile paralysis. Dynamo It generates electricity. Electro encephalograph It is the technique of recording and interpreting the (EEC) electrical activity of the brain Epidiascope It is used for projecting films as well as images of opaque articles on a screen. Fathometer It is used for measuring depth of the ocean. Gramophone A machine that reproduces sound. Hydrometer It is used for measuring the specific gravity of liquids. Hydrophone It is used for recording sound under water. Hygrometer It is used for measuring humidity in air. Kymograph It is used to record graphically physiological movements, i.e., blood pressure, heart beating, study of \\ lungs etc. in living beings. (185)

/ Lactometer It is used for measuring the purity of milk. It is used to guide the sailors. Its needle always points Mariner's Compass North-South. A micrometer is an instrument for measuring very small Micrometer distance and angles. Microphones are used in Radio and Television Microphone broadcasting. It is an optical instrument for magnifying objects. Microscope It is used to record the distance covered by wheeled Odometer vehicles. It is a umbrella-shaped safety device used in an Parachute emergency by the passengers of an aircraft or by paratroops during war. Pipette It is a glass tube with which a definite volume of liquid can be transferred. Radar It is used to detect the direction of an approaching aeroplane by means of radio micro-waves. Rain Gauge It is an apparatus to record rainfall at a particular place. Saccharimeter It is an instrument to determine the amount of sugar in a solution. Seismograph It is an instrument to record earthquake shocks. Sextant A sextant is an instrument for finding latitude. Stethoscope It is an instrument to hear and analyse the movements of heart and lungs. Stop Watch It is used to record small intervals of time. Tachometer It is an instrument to determine speeds of aeroplanes and motor-boats. Teleprinter It is an instrument which prints automatically messages sent from one place to another on telegraph lines. Telescope It is an apparatus used for observing distant objects. Clinical Thermometer It is an apparatus used for measuring temperature of the human body. <186>

/ STATES OF INDIA \\ States Capitals Hyderabad 1. Andhra Pradesh Itanagar Dispur 2. Arunachal Pradesh Patna Delhi* 3. Assam Panaji Gandhi Nagar 4. Bihar Chandigarh 5. Delhi* Shimla Srinagar 6. Goa Bangalore 7. Gujarat Thiruvanathapuram Bhopal 8. Haryana Mumbai Imphal 9. Himachal Pradesh Shillong Aizawl 10. Jammu and Kashmir Kohima Bhubaneshwar 11. Karnataka Chandigarh Jaipur 12. Kerala Gangtok Chennai 13. Madhya Pradesh Agartala Lucknow 14. Maharashtra Kolkata 15 Manipur Raipur Ranchi 16. Meghalaya Dehradun 17. Mizoram Capitals Port Blair 18. Nagaland Chandigarh Silvassa 19. Orissa Daman Kavaratti 20. Punjab Pondicherry (Punducherry) 21. Rajasthan 22. Sikkim 23. Tamilnadu 24. Tripura 25. Uttar Pradesh 26. West Bengal New States 27. Chhatisgarh 28. Jharkhand 29. Uttranchal UNION TERRITORIES Union Territories 1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2. Chandigarh 3. Dadra and Nagar Haveli 4. Daman and Diu 65.. Lakshadweep Pondicherry <187>

/ C OCUUNRTRREINECSI, ENSA&TICOANPAILTIATLIESS, \\ COUNTRY (ASIA) NATIONALITY CURRENCY CAPITAL Afghanistan Afghan afghani Kabul Bahraini dinar Manama Bahrain (^T) Bangladeshi taka Dhaka Bhutani ngultrum Thimphu Bangladesh («HlcHI<^l) Chinese yuan Beijing Cypriot Cyprus pound Nicosia Bhutan (<3?R) Indian rupee New Delhi China (^Hl) Indonesian rupiah Jakarta Iranian rial Tehran Cyprus ('MISSJ'H) Iraqi dinar Baghdad Israeli shekel Jerusalem India (Ifew) Japanese yen Tokyo Jordanian dinar Amman Indonesia (sj-^RKII) Kazakhstani tenge Alma-ata Akmola North Korean won(KPW) Pyongyang Iran ( t r R ) South Korean won (KRW) Seoul Kuwaiti dinar Kuwait Iraq (tn^) Laotian kip Vientiane Lebanese pound Beirut Israel Malaysian ringgit Kuala Lumpur Maldivian rufiyaa Male Japan (vHNIH) Mongolian tugrik Ulaan Bator Nepali rupee Kathmandu Jordan (W^T) Omani rial Muscat Pakistani rupee Islamabad Kazakhstan (cbvHlftvMH) Qatari riyal Doha Saudi Arabian rial (SAR) Riyadh North Korea (HiaJ chlRill) Filipino or piso Manila Philippine South Korea (-HIvJSM chlRill) Singaporean Sri Lankan Kuwait (ffcl) Syrian pound Laos (eTTSITft) Lebanon (^HIH) Malaysia (Hc^RlAll) Maldives (HldftcH) Mongolia Nepal (AMM) Oman (3?RFT) Pakistan (mfcbwiH) Qatar (c^ex) Saudi Arabia VM^RIAI ) Philippines ( f q ^ F H ) Singapore (RHII^) dollar Singapore Sri Lanka (^hcichi) rupee Colombo Syria (faffcn) Syrian pound Damascus > (188) '

Taiwan (dl^clH) Taiwanian dollar Taipei Tajikistan Tajik tajik rouble Dushanbe Thailand (vJuHRb+dM) Thai baht Bangkok Turkey (RWdHm) Turk; Turkish turkish lira Ankara United Arab Emirates dirham Abu Dhabi Emirates (TO) Uzbekistan Uzbekistani som (UKS) Tashkent Vietnam Hanoi Yemen Vietnamese dong Sarfa Russia Moscow Yemeni riyal (YER) Algiers Russian rouble Luanda Gaborone (AFRICA) Ouagadougou Bujumbura Algeria 3TffTen) Algerian dinar Yaounde Angola «Ml<r<HcJM|) Angolan kwanza Praia Botswana Botswana pula Burkina Faso wft) Burkinan franc CFA Bangui Burundi Burundian burundi franc Cameroon chH^H) Cameroonian franc CFA N'Djamena Cape Verde cfnr crsf) Cape Verdean cape verde Brazzaville escudo Djibouti Central African Central African franc CFA Cairo Malabo Republic RqRdcb) Chadian franc CFA Congolese franc CFA Asmara Chad W Djiboutian djibouti franc Libreville Congo (ctfRft) Egyptian pound Banjul Equatorial franc CFA Accra Djibouti Guinean Conakry Eritrean ethiopian birr Bissau Egypt Gabonese franc CFA Nairobi Gambian dalasi Maseru Equatorial Ghanian cedi Monrovia Guinean guinean franc Guinea Guinean peso (GWP) Kenyan kenya shilling Eritrea Lesothonian loti Liberian liberian dollar Gabon ('win) <189> Gambia (Jlfi^AJI) Ghana (\"STHT) Guinea Guinea Bissau Kenya (^WJI) Lesotho XLiberia (dl^^Rill)

/ (MdiPm) Madagascan malagasy franc Antananarivo Madagascar (iftffefara) Malawian kwacha (MWK) Lilongwe Malawi (Tfl^) Malian franc CFA Bamako Mali Mauritanian ouguiya Nouakchott Mauritania < Hl^vH^) Mauritian mauritius rupee Port Louis Mauritius (HljvflRm) Moroccan dirham (MAD) Rabat Morocco (ycl^l) Mozambican metical Maputo Mozambique Niger-Congo franc CFA Niamey Niger ftHflljq) Nigerian naira Abuja Nigeria Rwandan rwanda franc Kigali Rwanda ('AVIWH) dobra Sao Tome Sao Tome & Senegalese Principe (\"HMiM 3UI>W>l) Seychelleois franc CFA Dakar Senegal Somalian Seychelles rupee Victoria Seychelles South African somali shilling Mogadishu Somalia rand Pretoria, South Africa Cape Town Sudanese sudanese pound/ Khartoum Sudan dinars Dodoma Tanzania (dHvHlPfill) Tanzanian tanzanian shilling (NORTH AMERICA) Antigua & ( ^ y a n Tying Antiguan east Caribbean St. John's dollar Barbuda bahamian dollar Nassau barbados dollar Bridgetown Bahamas Bahamian belize dollar Belmopan Canadian dollar Ottawa Barbados Barbadian cuba peso Havana dollar Roseau Belize Belizean peso oro Santo Domingo dollar St. George's Canada (ebHkSl) Canadian quetzal Guatemala City gourde Port-au-Prince Cuba (cJ^T) Cuban lempira Tegucigalpa dollar Kingston Dominica (^flPlfrl) Dominican Dominican Rep. ( ^ P l c M f f r . ) Dominican Grenada (t^T^l) Grenadian Guatemala ('dl^Hldl) Guatemalan Haiti Haitian Honduras Honduran Jamaica Jamaican > (190) '

/ Mexican peso Mexico City \\ Mexico Nicaraguan cordoba Managua Nicaragua (P|cbKIJJ3n) Panamanian balboa Panama City Panama (mhihi) Caribbean dollar Castries St. Lucia (\"#5 cjR^l) Trinidadian dollar Port of Spain Trinidad & (1MRR XTTTg Tobago riT^'ll) American dollar Washington, D.C. United States (^Hl^-s! of America (SOUTH AMERICA) Argentina Bolivia Argentinian peso Buenos Aires Brazil La Paz, Sucre Chile (sflcflEim) Bolivian boliviano Brasilia Colombia (sJlvjfplcH) Santiago Ecuador (xJl^d) Brazilian real Bogota Guyana (cblcilf^ill) Quito Paraguay (TJ3THT) Chilean Chilean peso Georgetown Surinam Asuncion Uruguay C^H^dl) Colombian peso Paramaribo Venezuela Montevideo Ecuadorean sucre Caracas Australia Fiji Guyanese dollar Marshall Is. Micronesia Paraguayan guarani Solomon Is. Nauru Surinamese guilder New Zealand Tonga Uruguayan peso Venezuelan bolivar (OCEANIA) (3ll^fcHA||) Australian dollar Canberra (IWft) Suva (HiyTcH 3TH?.) Fijian dollar Dalap-Uliga-Darrit Palikir (Hl^) Marshallese dollar Honiara (-ilyTlelu^) No official capital (dHIl) Micronesian dollar Wellington Nuku'alofa S. Islander dollar Nauruan dollar New Zealander dollar Tongan pa'anga (EUROPE) Albania Albanian lek Tirana Andorra Andorran franc/peseta Austria (dkSlVl) Austrian schilling Andorre la Vella Belarus (^iR-diJl) Belorussian rouble (cldl-M-l) Vienna \\ Minsk /.

Belgium Belgian franc Brussels Sofia Bulgaria (<s|eHlR*Jl) Bulgarian lev Zagreb Prague Croatia (fbll^ian) Croatian kuna Copenhagen Tallinn Czech Republic Czechs koruna Helsinki Paris Denmark (^HHli) Dane/Danish krone Berlin, Bonn Athens Estonia Estonian kroon Budapest Reykjavik Finland ((ihHclu-d) Finnish markka Dublin Rome France (wRl) French franc Riga Vaduz Germany (Tiptft) German deutsche mark Vilnius Luxembourg Greece (IfRr) Greek drachma Valletta Monaco Hungary (FT^f) Hungarian forint Amsterdam Oslo Iceland ( y i s ^ i ^ ) Icelander krona Warsaw Lisbon Ireland (ail^cHM) Irishman pound Bucharest San Marino Italy Italian lira Ljubljana Madrid Latvia (elrifclill) Latvian lats Stockholm Berne Liechtenstein ( h i ^ h - w i ^ h ) Liechtensteiner franc Kiev London Lithuania (fcH^aiiPiiii) Lithuanian litas Belgrade Luxembourg Luxembourger franc Malta (Hlcril) Maltese lira Monaco (H^chl) Monegasque franc Netherlands Dutch guilder Norway Norwegian krone Poland (M^u-d) Pole/Polish zloty Portugal Portuguese escudo Romania (^HlPKJl) Romanian lei San Marino ^RWl) San Marinese lira Slovenia (wife) Pi ill) Slovenian tolar Spain (*5VSSH) Spanish peseta Sweden Swedish krona (SEK) Switzerland (R-cldvHy^l-d) Swiss franc Ukraine (^MH) Ukrainian karbovanets United Kingdom ( ^ h i ^ British pound sterling Yugoslavia (^ilwiRiiii) Yugoslavian new dinar

ARORA'S