Nature Guide_ Rocks and Minerals

INDEX 349 quartz continued salt domes 44, 67, 133 sill 256 in granite 11 Samarski-Bykhovets, Vasili Silliman, Benjamin 237 luster 15 sillimanite 236, 237, 295 milky 168 Yefrafovich von 84 siltstone 288, 291, 293–94, 315 rose 168, 260 samarskite 84 silver 8, 13, 36, 43, 272 smoky 168, 175, 178, 260 sandstone 308 and other native elements 41, 45 quartz porphyry 271 and minerals 83, 159, 196 and sulfide minerals 48–49, quartzite 295 and other rocks 295, 309–10, quicksilver, horn 112 54–55, 60 313, 315 and sulfosalt minerals 66, 69–70, R dirty 317 layering 27 72 radicals, chemical 9, 12, 14 sanidine 167, 174 coinage 65 radiometric age-dating 309, 334 sapphire 20, 74, 95, 231 silver antimony sulfide 69 radium 159 water 223 silver sulfide 49 realgar 48, 58, 59, 61 satin spar 136 sinter 330 record-keeping, collecting 29 scandium 82 skarn 148, 302 Red Cloud wulfenite 143 Scheele, C.W. 146 sketching, collecting locations 29 red oxide of zinc 88 scheelite 64, 146 slate 214, 293, 303, 317 redruthite 51 schiller effect 180 as metamorphic rock 286–87 refractive index 17 schist 286–87, 291 smithsonite 13, 113, 124, 151, 160 refractory materials 208 and cyclosilicate minerals smoky quartz 168, 175, 178, 260 regional metamorphism 286 snow 75 resin 250 223, 225 snowflake obsidian 174 rhodium 38 and feldspar minerals 175, 178 soapstone 193, 300 rhodochrosite 68, 80, 113, 121, 215 and inosilicate minerals 209, 214, sodalite 183, 184, 185 rhodonite 215 sodium 89 rhomb porphyry 271 216, 218, 221 sodium aluminum silicate 190 rhombohedral crystal form 20 and nesosilicate minerals 235, sodium aluminum silicate rhyolite 278 237–38, 240, 243, 245 chloride 184 and minerals 174, 178, 222, and other minerals 76, 78, 96–97, sodium aluminosilicate 186 225, 234 sodium-anthophyllite 216 104–05 sodium bentonite 200 and rocks 274, 279–80, 283 and other rocks 288, 290 sodium borate 127 as an extrusive rock 257 and phyllosilicate minerals sodium calcium aluminosilicate rhyolite porphyry 271 ribboned jasper 171 195, 197 181, 183 Riebeck, Emil 222 and sorosilicate minerals 231 sodium calcium sulfate 141 riebeckite 222 garnet 292 sodium chloride 110 rind, jadeite 213 schorl 224 sodium iron silicate 209, 222 road cuttings, collecting from scissor cut 25 Solar System 334 scolesite 188 solid-solution series 10, 166 28–29 scoria 276, 283 sorosilicates 166, 227–31 rock cycle 27 scorodite 160, 165 spatulas, for collecting 31, 33 rock flour 318 scrapers, for cleaning 32–33 specimens, cleaning and display rock gypsum 323 sea urchin fossils 305 rock salt 110, 323, 324 secondary minerals 10 of 32–33 rocks 26–27 sectile minerals 16 spectrolite 180 sedimentary rocks 26–27, 304–05, specular hematite 91 igneous 256–57, 258–85 spessartine 244 metamorphic 286–87, 288–303 306–33 sphalerite 11, 53 sedimentary 304–05, 306–33 selenite 23 romanèchite 94, 98 selenite gypsum 23, 136 and other minerals 121, 153, 227 rose quartz 168, 260 selenium 57 and sulfur minerals 48, 51, 54, Rosetta Stone 263 sepiolite 206 rouge 91 sericite 195 66–67, 70–71, 134 round cut gems 25 serpentine 99, 191, 193, 217, sphene 235 rubber 201 spider conch 249 rubbly scoria 276 269, 298 spindle bomb 285 rubellite 224 serpentinite 298 spinel 74, 96, 97, 104, 182, 267 rubidium 198, 270 spodumene 212 ruby 12–13, 95 and minerals 60, 99, 117, 206, 245 square cut 25 ruby blende sphalerite 53 and other rocks 266, 300 stalactites 114 ruby copper 87 serpentinization 298 stalactitic crystals 21 ruby-in-zoisite 231 shale 11, 313 staurolite 238, 239, 288, 294 ruby silver 70, 72 and metamorphic rocks 288, staurolite schist 292 ruby spinel 96 steatite 193, 300 rutile 78 291, 293–94 steel 64 and other minerals 76–77, 90, 243 and minerals 62–63, 123, 202 Stephan, Archduke Victor 69 and rocks 267, 269, 310 and sedimentary rocks 308, stephanite 69, 72 stibnite 56, 58–59, 61, 65 S 314–16, 322–24, 329 stilbite 11, 204 metamorphism of 287 Stonehenge 268 safety, when collecting 29–31 oil 314 stony-iron meteorite 334, 336 St.-Hilaire, Mont 184 shell 246, 249 stony meteorites 334, 337 salt, shores, collecting on 28 storage, for collections 32–33 siderite 123 strata, rock 26 rock 110, 323, 324 and other minerals 102, 103, 108, streak 15 table 106, 110, 324 stream tin 79 113, 122 strontianite 113 and rocks 272, 328, 331 strontium 113, 135 sieve, for collecting 24, 31 silica 325, 331–33 silica gel 190 silicates 9, 13, 166–67, 168–245 siliceous tufa 330 silicon 9, 166

350 INDEX tourmaline 9, 79, 153, 177, 224, W 241, 260, 294 sub-bituminous coal 253 water 75 subarkose 310 trace elements 14 water sapphire 223 subvolcanic igneous rocks trachyte 174, 257, 279 watermelon tourmaline 224 transportation of specimens 32 Wavell, William 158 268–72 tremolite 219 wavellite 156, 158 sulfates 13, 131, 132–41 Wheal Gorland mine 161 sulfides 13, 48, 49–64, 74 and other minerals 193, 213–14, white asbestos 192 sulfosalts 65, 66–73 217, 220 white mica 195 sulfur 8, 13, 36, 44, 57 Widmanstätten pattern 335 and rocks 296, 300, 302 Wild 2, comet 179 crystal structure 36 triclinic crystal system 23 williamsite 191 in sulfates 131 trigonal crystal system 22 Withering, William 116 in sulfides 48 trilobite 313 witherite 113, 116 luster 15 triplite 153 wolframite 145 sunstone 180 troilite 335 wollastonite 214, 229 sunstone oligoclase 178 trona 113 wood tin 79 syenite 95, 262 trowels, for collecting 31 Wülfen, F.X. 143 and silicate minerals 175–76, tufa 330 wulfenite 143, 155 tuff 257, 275, 282 181, 186, 197, 209, 222 tungstates 13, 131, 144–146 X sylvine 111 tungsten 74, 79, 82, 93, 143–46 sylvite 13, 106, 111 xenolith 299 symmetry, crystal 19 in tungstates 131 xenotime 147 syphilis 112 turbidite 317 systems, crystal 19, 22–23 turquoise 129, 154, 156, 203 Y turtle 249 T twinning, crystals 19 yellow orthoclase 173 ytterbium 84 table cut 25 U yttrium 82, 84, 93, 147 table salt 106, 110, 324 yttrotantalite 82 tabular crystals 21 Ulex, George Ludwig 128 taenite 39, 335 ulexite 126–27, 128, 130 Z Taj Mahal 301 talc 17, 193, 217, 220, luster 15 zeolites 11, 185–90 ultramafic rocks 257 zinc, 291–92, 300 ultramarine 183 talc schist 89, 117–18 ultramylonite 289 and other minerals 43, 48, 66, talcum powder 193 ultrasonic cleaning 32 113, 117, 124, 134 tantalates 82 ultraviolet light 17 tantalite 82 unit cells, crystal 18 and oxide minerals 74, 88, 98 tantalum 74, 82, 84, 86, 272 uraninite 83, 149, 152 and sulfide minerals 53–54 tanzanite 231 uranium 74, 83–85, 93, 147, 149, in rocks 302 tears, Pele’s 281 zinc aluminum oxide 97 tectonic plates 286 152, 159 zinc arsenate hydroxide 160 tectosilicates 166–72 uvarovite 302 zinc carbonate 124 tektites 334 zinc sulfide 48 television stone 128 V zincite 88 tenacity 16 zircon 85, 90, 233, 262, 310 Tennant, Smithson 66 Valentine, Basil 40 zirconium 85, 93 tennantite 66, 73 vanadates 13, 147, 159 zoisite 231 tetragonal crystal system 22 vanadinite 143, 151, 155 zultanite 104 tetrahedrite 65, 66, 69, 70–72, vanadium 147, 155, 159, 225 variegated copper ore 50 73, 144 variquoise 156 tetrataenite 39 variscite 156 Theophrastus 203 varlamoffite 79 thorium 85, 93, 272 vent agglomerate 284 thorny oyster 249 Venus 273 thulite 231 verdelite 224 tiki 217 vermiculite 199 till, glacial 318 vermillion 56 tillite 318 vesuvianite 22, 229 tin 40–41, 79, 302 Vesuvius, Mount 184, 229 Villiers, A.J.M. Brochant de 139 cassiterite ore 74 violane 210 tin oxide 79 violet jadeite 213 tincalconite 127 Vivian, John Henry 157 tinstone 79 vivianite 157, 165 tinzenite 228 volcanic bombs 282, 285 titanite 76, 235, 262 volcanic breccia 283, 284 titanium 74, 89–90, 216, volcanic glass 277–78, 280–81 volcanic igneous rocks 257, 265, 331 titanium dioxide 76–77 280–85 titanium oxide 78 von Born, Ignaz 50 topaz 17, 64, 79, 198, 234, von Carnall, Rudolf 107 von Goethe, Johann Wolfgang 102 240, 260 von Prehn, Hendrik 205 cleavage 16 von Samarski-Bykhovets, Vasili habit 20 sherry 23 Yefrafovich 84 torbernite 152 tortoise shell 249

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