DICTIONARY OF CHEMISTRY-ENGLISH

phenol phase equilibria [PHYS CHEM] The equilibrium relationships between phases (such as vapor, liquid, solid) of a chemical compound or mixture under various conditions of temperature, pressure, and composition. { fa¯ z e¯ иkwə libиre¯ иə } phase ratio [ANALY CHEM] In chromatography, the ratio of the volume of the mobile phase to that of the stationary phase in a chromatographic column. { fa¯ z ra¯ иsho¯ } phase rule See Gibbs phase rule. { fa¯ z ru¨ l } phase solubility [PHYS CHEM] The different solubilities of a sample’s solid constituents (phases) in a selected solvent. { fa¯ z sa¨ lиyə bilиədиe¯ } phase-solubility analysis [ANALY CHEM] Solvent technique used to determine the amount and number of components in a solid substance; the weight of sample added to the solvent is plotted against the weight of sample dissolved, with breakpoints in the curve occurring with each progressive saturation of the solvent with respect to each of the components; can be combined with extraction and recrystallization procedures. { fa¯ z sa¨ lиyə bilиədиe¯ ə nalиəиsəs } phase titration [ANALY CHEM] Analysis of a binary mixture of miscible liquids by titrating with a third liquid that is miscible with only one of the components, using the ternary phase diagram to determine the end point. { fa¯ z tı¯ tra¯ иshən } phase transfer catalysis [ORG CHEM] Enhancement of the reaction rate of a two-phase organic-water system by addition of a catalyst which alters the rate of transfer of water-soluble reactant across the interface to the organic phase. { fa¯ z ¦trans fər kə talиəиsəs } pH electrode [ANALY CHEM] Membrane-type glass electrode used as the hydrogen-ion sensor of most pH meters; the pH-response electrode surface is a thin membrane made of a special glass. { pe¯ a¯ ch i lek tro¯ d } ␣-phellandrene [ORG CHEM] C10H16 A colorless oil soluble in ether; boiling point of d-optical isomer is 66–68ЊC, of l-optical isomer is 58–59ЊC; used in flavoring and perfumes. { ¦alиfə fə lan dre¯ n } phenanthrene [ORG CHEM] C14H10 A colorless, crystalline hydrocarbon; melts at about 100ЊC; the nucleus is produced by the degradation of certain alkaloids; used in the synthesis of dyes and drugs. { fə nan thre¯ n } phenanthroline [ORG CHEM] C12H8N2 Any of three nitrogen bases related to phenan- threne; the ortho form is an oxidation-reduction indicator, turning faint blue when oxidized. { fə nanиthrə le¯ n } phenanthroline indicator [ANALY CHEM] A sensitive, red-colored specific reagent for iron. { fə nanиthrə le¯ n inиdə ka¯ dиər } phenarsazine chloride [ORG CHEM] C12H9AsClN A yellow, crystalline compound obtained as a precipitate from carbon tetrachloride solutions; it sublimes readily, and is slightly soluble in xylene, benzene, and carbon tetrachloride; used as a war gas. Also known as adamsite. { fə na¨ rиsə ze¯ n klo˙ r ı¯d } phenazine [ORG CHEM] C6H4N2C6H4 Yellow crystals, melting at 170ЊC; slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol and ether; used as chemical intermediate and to make dyes. { fenиə ze¯ n } phenethyl acetate [ORG CHEM] C6H5CH2CH2OOCCH3 A colorless liquid with a peachlike odor and a boiling point of 226ЊC; soluble in alcohol, ether, and fixed oils; used in perfumes. Also known as phenylethyl acetate. { fen ethиəl asиə ta¯ t } phenethyl alcohol [ORG CHEM] C8H10O A liquid with a floral odor found in many natural essential oils; soluble in 50% alcohol; used in perfumes and flavors, and in medicine as an antibacterial agent in diseases of the eye. { fen ethиəl alиkə ho˙ l } phenethyl isobutyrate [ORG CHEM] (CH3)2CHCOOC2H4C6H5 A colorless liquid, soluble in alcohol and ether; used in perfumes and flavoring. { fen ethиəl ı¯иso¯ byu¨ dиə ra¯ t } phenetidine [ORG CHEM] NH2C6H4OC2H5 Either of two toxic, oily liquids that darken when exposed to light and air; soluble in alcohol, insoluble in water; the ortho form boils at 228–230ЊC, is used to make dyes, and is also known at 2-aminophenetole; the para form boils at 253–255ЊC, is used to make dyes and in pharmaceuticals. { fə nedиə de¯ n } phenol [ORG CHEM] 1. C6H5OH White, poisonous, corrosive crystals with sharp, burning taste; melts at 43ЊC, boils at 182ЊC; soluble in alcohol, water, ether, carbon disulfide, 285

phenol coefficient and other solvents; used to make resins and weed killers, and as a solvent and chemical intermediate. Also known as carbolic acid; phenylic acid. 2. A chemical compound based on the substitution product of phenol, for example, ethylphenol (C2H4C4H5OH), the ethyl substitute of phenol. { fe¯ no˙ l } phenol coefficient [ANALY CHEM] Number scale for comparison of antiseptics, using the efficacy of phenol as unity. { fe¯ no˙ l ko¯ иi fishиənt } phenol-coefficient method [CHEM] A method for evaluating water-miscible disinfec- tants in which a test organism is added to a series of dilutions of the disinfectant; the phenol coefficient is the number obtained by dividing the greatest dilution of the disinfectant killing the test organism by the greatest dilution of phenol showing the same result. { fe¯ no˙ l ko¯ иi fishиənt methиəd } phenol-formaldehyde resin [ORG CHEM] Thermosetting resin made by the reaction of phenol and formaldehyde; has good strength and chemical resistance and low cost; used as a molding material for mechanical and electrical parts. Originally known as Bakelite. { fe¯ no˙ l fər malиdə hı¯d rezиən } phenol-furfural resin [ORG CHEM] A phenolic resin characterized by the ability to be fabricated by injection molding since it hardens after curing conditions are reached. { fe¯ no˙ l fərиfə ral rezиən } phenolphthalein [ORG CHEM] (C6H4OH)2COC6H4CO Pale-yellow crystals; soluble in alcohol, ether, and alkalies, insoluble in water; used as an acid-base indicator (car- mine-colored to alkalies, colorless to acids) for titrations, as a laxative and dye, and in medicine. { ¦fe¯ no˙ l thalиe¯ иən } phenol red See phenolsulfonphthalein. { fe¯ no˙ l red } phenolsulfonic acid [ORG CHEM] C6H5SO3H Water- and alcohol-soluble mixture of ortho- and para-phenolsulfonic acids; yellowish liquid that turns brown when exposed to air; used as a chemical intermediate and in water analysis. Also known as sulfocar- bolic acid. { ¦fe¯ no˙ lиsəl fa¨ nиik asиəd } phenolsulfonphthalein [ORG CHEM] C19H14O5S A bright-red, crystalline compound, sol- uble in water, alcohol, and acetone; used as a pH indicator, and to test for kidney function in dogs. Also known as phenol red. { ¦fe¯ no˙ l¦səl fo¯ nи thalиe¯ иən } phenothiazine [ORG CHEM] C12H9N A yellow, crystalline compound, forming rhomboid leaflets or diamond-shaped plates, obtained from toluene or butanol solution; solu- ble in hot acetic acid, benzene, and ether; used as an insecticide and in pharmaceuti- cal manufacture. { fe¯ иnə thı¯иə ze¯ n } phenotole [ORG CHEM] C6H5OC2H5 Combustible, colorless liquid, boiling at 172ЊC; sol- uble in alcohol and ether, insoluble in water. { fe¯ иnə to¯ l } phenoxyacetic acid [ORG CHEM] C6H5OCH2COOH A light tan powder with a melting point of 98ЊC; soluble in ether, water, carbon disulfide, methanol, and glacial acetic acid; used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fungicides, and dyes. { fə¦na¨ kиse¯ иə¦se¯ dиik asиəd } phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride [ORG CHEM] C18H22ONClиHCl White crystals, slightly soluble in water, melting at 139ЊC; used in medicine. { fə¦na¨ kиse¯ benиzə me¯ n hı¯иdrə klo˙ r ¯ıd } 2-phenoxyethanol [ORG CHEM] C6H5OCH2CH2OH An oily liquid with a faint aromatic odor; melting point is 14ЊC; soluble in water; used in perfumes as a fixative, in organic synthesis, as an insect repellent, and as a topical anesthetic. { ¦tu¨ fə¦na¨ kи se¯ ethиə no˙ l } phenoxypropanediol [ORG CHEM] C9H12O3 A white, crystalline solid with a melting point of 53ЊC; soluble in water, alcohol, glycerin, and carbon tetrachloride; used in medicine and as a plasticizer. { fə¦na¨ kиse¯ pro¯ иpa¯ n d¯ı o˙ l } phenoxy resin [ORG CHEM] A high-molecular-weight thermoplastic polyether resin based on bisphenol-A and epichlorohydrin with bisphenol-A terminal groups; used for injection molding, extrusion, coatings, and adhesives. { fə na¨ kиse¯ rezиən } phentolamine hydrochloride [ORG CHEM] C17H19ON2иHCl White, water-soluble crystals, melting at 240ЊC; a sympatholytic; used in medicine. { fen ta¨ lиə me¯ n hı¯иdrə klo˙ r ı¯d } phenyl [ORG CHEM] C6H5Ϫ A functional group consisting of a benzene ring from which a hydrogen has been removed. { fenиəl } 286

phenylmercuric acetate phenylacetaldehyde [ORG CHEM] C8H8O A colorless liquid with a boiling point of 193– 194ЊC; soluble in ether and fixed oils; used in perfumes and flavoring. Also known as ␣-toluic aldehyde. { fenиəl asиə ta¨ lиdə h¯ıd } phenylacetic acid [ORG CHEM] C8H8O2 White crystals with a boiling point of 262ЊC; soluble in alcohol and ether; used in perfumes, medicine, and flavoring and in the manufacture of penicillin. Also known as ␣-toluic acid. { ¦fenиəlиə se¯ dиik asиəd } phenylaniline See diphenylamine. { ¦fenиəl anиəиlən } N-phenylanthranilic acid [ORG CHEM] (C6H5NH)C6H4COOH A crystalline compound, soluble in hot alcohol; decomposes at 183–184ЊC; used to detect vanadium in steel. { ¦en ¦fenиəl anиthrə¦nilиik asиəd } phenylbenzene See biphenyl. { ¦fenиəl ben ze¯ n } phenylbutazone [ORG CHEM] C19H20O2N2 White or light-yellow powder with aromatic aroma and bitter taste; melts at 107ЊC; slightly soluble in water, soluble in acetone; used in medicine as an analgesic and antipyretic. Also known as butazolidine. { ¦fenиəl byu¨ dиə zo¯ n } phenyl cyanide See benzonitrile. { ¦fenиəl sı¯иə n¯ıd } phenylcyclohexane [ORG CHEM] C12H16 A colorless, oily liquid with a boiling point of 237.5ЊC; soluble in alcohol, benzene, castor oil, carbon tetrachloride, xylene, and hexane; used as a high-boiling solvent and a penetrating agent. { ¦fenиəl sı¯и klo¯ hek sa¯ n } phenyldichloroarsine [ORG CHEM] C6H5AsCl2 A liquid which becomes a microcrystal- line mass at Ϫ20ЊC (melting point) and decomposes in water; soluble in alcohol, ether, and benzene; used as a poison gas. { ¦fenиəlиd¯ı klo˙ rиo¯ a¨ r se¯ n } phenyl diglycol carbonate [ORG CHEM] C18H18O7 A colorless solid with a melting point of 40ЊC; soluble in organic solvents; used as a plasticizer. { ¦fenиəl dı¯ gl¯ı ko˙ l ka¨ rи bə na¯ t } phenylene blue See indamine. { fənиəl e¯ n blu¨ } phenylenediamine [ORG CHEM] C6H4(NH2)2 Also known as diaminobenzene. Any of three toxic isomeric crystalline compounds that are diamino derivatives of benzene; the ortho form, toxic colorless crystals melting at 102–104ЊC and soluble in alcohol, ether, water, and chloroform, is used to manufacture dyes, in photographic develop- ers, and as a chemical intermediate; the meta form, colorless crystals unstable in air, melting at 63ЊC, and soluble in alcohol, ether, and water, is used to manufacture dyes, in textile dyeing, and as a nitrous acid detector; the para form, white to purple crystals melting at 147ЊC, soluble in alcohol and ether, and irritating to the skin, is used to manufacture dyes, in chemical analysis, and in photographic developers. { ¦fenиəl e¯ n dı¯иə me¯ n } phenyl ether See diphenyl oxide. { fenиəl ethиər } phenylethyl acetate See phenethyl acetate. { ¦fenиəl¦ethиəl asиə ta¯ t } phenylethylene See styrene. { ¦fenиəl ethиə le¯ n } phenyl fluoride See fluorobenzene. { fenиəl flu˙ r ı¯d } N-phenylglycine [ORG CHEM] C6H5NHCH2COOH A crystalline compound, moderately soluble in water, melting at 127–128ЊC; used in dye manufacture (indigo). { ¦en ¦fenиəl glı¯ se¯ n } phenylglyoxylonitriloxime O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate [ORG CHEM] (H5C2O)2PSO- NCCNC6H5 A yellow liquid with a boiling point of 102ЊC at 0.01 mmHg (1.333 pascals); solubility in water is 7 parts per million at 20ЊC; used as an insecticide for stored products. Also known as phoxim. { ¦fenиəlиglı¯¦a¨ kиse¯ ¦la¨ nиəиtrəl a¨ k se¯ m ¦o¯ ¦o¯ dı¯ ethиəl fa¨ sиfəиro¯ th¯ıиə wa¯ t } phenylhydrazine [ORG CHEM] C6H5NHNH2 Poisonous, oily liquid, boiling at 244ЊC; soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, slightly soluble in water; used in analytical chemistry to detect sugars and aldehydes, and as a chemical intermediate. Also known as hydrazinobenzene. { ¦fenиəl h¯ıиdrə ze¯ n } phenyl ketone See benzophenone. { fenиəl ke¯ to¯ n } phenyl mercaptan See thiophenol. { fenиəl mər kap tan } phenylmercuric acetate [ORG CHEM] C8H8O2Hg White to cream-colored prisms with a melting point of 148–150ЊC; soluble in alcohol, benzene, and glacial acetic acid; 287

phenylmercuric chloride used as an antiseptic, fungicide, herbicide, and mildewcide. { ¦fenиəlиmər kyu˙ rиik asиə ta¯ t } phenylmercuric chloride [ORG CHEM] C6H5HgCl White crystals with a melting point of 251ЊC; soluble in benzene and ether; used as an antiseptic and fungicide. { ¦fenи əlиmər kyu˙ rиik klo˙ r ı¯d } phenylmercuric hydroxide [ORG CHEM] C6H5HgOH White to cream-colored crystals with a melting point of 197–205ЊC; soluble in acetic acid and alcohol; used as a fungicide, germicide, and alcohol denaturant. { ¦fenиəlиmər kyu˙ rиik hi dra¨ k sı¯d } phenylmercuric oleate [ORG CHEM] C41H21O2Hg A white, crystalline powder with a melting point of 45ЊC; soluble in organic solvents; used in paints as a mildew- proofing agent, and as a fungicide. { ¦fenиəlиmər kyu˙ rиik o¯ иle¯ a¯ t } phenylmercuric propionate [ORG CHEM] C9H10O2Hg A white, waxlike powder with a melting point of 65–70ЊC; used in paints as a fungicide and bactericide. { ¦fenиəlи mər kyu˙ rиik pro¯ иpe¯ иə na¯ t } phenylmercuriethanolammonium acetate [ORG CHEM] C10H15O3NHg A white, water- soluble, crystalline solid; used as an insecticide and fungicide. { ¦fenиəlиmər¦kyu¨ rи ik¦ethиə no˙ lиə mo¯ иne¯ иəm asиə ta¯ t } phenylmethane See toluene. { ¦fenиəl meth a¯ n } phenylmethanol See benzyl alcohol. { ¦fenиəl methиə no˙ l } phenylmethyl acetate See benzyl acetate. { ¦fenиəl¦methиəl asиə ta¯ t } N-phenylmorpholine [ORG CHEM] C10H13NO A white, water-soluble solid with a melting point of 57ЊC; used in the manufacture of dyestuffs, corrosion inhibitors, and photo- graphic developers, and as an insecticide. { ¦en ¦fenиəl mo˙ rиfə le¯ n } phenyl mustard oil [ORG CHEM] C6H5NCS A pale yellow or colorless liquid with a boiling point of 221ЊC; soluble in alcohol and ether; used in medicine. { fenиəl məsиtərd o˙ il } phenylphenol [ORG CHEM] C6H5C6H4OH Almost white crystals, soluble in alcohol, insoluble in water; the ortho form, melting at 56–58ЊC, is used to manufacture dyes, as germicide and fungicide, and in the rubber industry, and is also known as 2- hydroxybiphenyl, ortho-xenol; the para form, melting at 164–165ЊC, is used to manufac- ture dyes, resins, and rubber chemicals, and as a fungicide. { ¦fenиəl fe¯ no˙ l } N-phenylpiperazine [ORG CHEM] C10H14N2 A pale yellow oil with a boiling point of 286.5ЊC; soluble in alcohol and ether; used for pharmaceuticals and in the manufac- ture of synthetic fibers. { ¦en ¦fenиəlиpı¯ perиə ze¯ n } phenylpropane See propyl benzene. { ¦fenиəl pro¯ pa¯ n } 1-phenyl-1-propanol [ORG CHEM] C6H5CH(OH)CH2CH3 An oily liquid that has a weak esterlike odor; miscible with methanol, ethanol, ether, benzene, and toluene; used in industry as a heat transfer medium, in the manufacture of perfumes, and as a choleretic in medicine. { ¦wən ¦fenиəl ¦wən pro¯ иpə no˙ l } phenylpropyl alcohol [ORG CHEM] C9H12O A colorless liquid with a floral odor and a boiling point of 219ЊC; soluble in 70% alcohol; used in perfumes and flavoring. Also known as hydrocinnamic alcohol. { ¦fenиəl¦pro¯ иpəl alиkə ho˙ l } phenylpropyl aldehyde [ORG CHEM] C9H10O A colorless liquid with a floral odor; soluble in 50% alcohol; used in perfumes and flavoring. Also known as hydrocinnamic aldehyde. { ¦fenиəl¦pro¯ иpəl alиdə hı¯d } 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidinone [ORG CHEM] C9H10N2O A crystalline compound soluble in dilute aqueous solutions of acids and alkalies; melting point is 121ЊC; used as a high-contrast photographic developer. { ¦wən ¦fenиəl ¦thre¯ pı¯иrəиzə lidиən o¯ n } phenyl salicylate See salol. { ¦fenиəl sə lisиə la¯ t } phenylthiourea [ORG CHEM] C6H5NHCSNH2 A crystalline compound that has either a bitter taste or is tasteless, depending on the heredity of the taster; used in human genetics studies. { ¦fenиəl¦thı¯иo¯ иyu˙ re¯ иə } ortho-phenyl tolyl ketone [ORG CHEM] CH3C6H4COC6H5 An oily liquid with a boiling point of 309–311ЊC; soluble in alcohol, oils, and organic solvents; used as a fixative in perfumery. { ¦o˙ rиtho¯ ¦fenиəl ta¨ lil ke¯ to¯ n } phenyltrichlorosilane [ORG CHEM] C6H5SiCl3 A liquid with a sharp odor [boiling point 288