Healing Herbs_ A Beginner's Guide to Identifying, Foraging, and Using Medicinal Plants _ More than 100 Remedies from 20 of the Most Healing Plants_clone

soil and spread their leaves, but not allowing the DANDELIONand cholesterol; to relieve inflammation; to sun to reach them. Don’t think they need to be ease PMS; and to support the immune system. blanched, though—the young green leaves are 000000=00=000 Dandelion helps maintain regular elimination. delicious as is. Once the plant has flowered, the The white sap, or latex, exuded from the leaves leaves become quite bitter, so gather them young. and stems can be applied to common warts to Cooking also decreases the bitterness. We need dissolve them. bitter tastes to stay healthy. The moment we taste bitter, bile is released and our entire diges- Dandelion leaves and roots are available tive systems moves into gear. commercially. You can get it in tea form, in tincture, loose/bulk, or in blends used as coffee Dandelion greens contain great quantities substitutes. The roasted roots make a very tasty, of beta-carotene, potassium, iron, calcium, B healthy coffeelike beverage. vitamins, magnesium, and fiber. The leaves, eaten or brewed into tea, are one of the few The sunny yellow flowers are often over- potassium-sparing natural diuretics, making looked, but they have many uses. Dandelion it valuable to those fighting edema. It helps wine is made with the flowers. They can be cleanse the liver and kidneys and even clears up made into a beautiful jelly. In omelets, fritters, skin problems in the process. or salads they add a special something, and the small, tight buds are best when cooked. The roots of dandelion are part two of this blockbuster herb. In spring and fall, our yard Medicinal Benefits and gardens are filled with dandelion. In weed- ing, the goal is to get the taproot so that the » Promotes urination weed does not spread. What luck! We get some » Aids digestion great medicine while weeding. To prepare the » Clears skin roots for beverages and storage, clean well, chop » Lowers blood pressure and cholesterol or grind coarsely, and roast in a 200°F (93°C) » Reduces inflammation oven until fragrant, darkened, and dry (gener- » Boosts immunity ally a couple of hours). » Eases PMS All parts of the plant have been used for millennia to treat anemia, scurvy, and skin problems; to promote bile production and digestion; to lower blood pressure, blood sugar, ? @ 149 

80000=00=000C DANDELION FLOWER–INFUSED OIL 5C000=00=00008A surprising use of the flowers is Directions HEALING HERBS in an oil infusion for external use, to relax 000000==000 tight muscles and repair rough skin. I On a clear morning, harvest a quart (1 L) or so of like to use coconut oil for this because it is whole flowers. Trim out just the yellow parts until clear when melted and white when hard. you have a heaping cup of bright petals. It isn’t critical that they are perfect, but you want as That lets me see the pale yellow left by the much color as possible. Spread the petals out to petals. There are many ways to infuse wilt for a few hours to evaporate some moisture. oils, but my favorite is in the oven on the Measure 1 cup of the petals. lowest setting. Especially when using fresh Combine the petals and the oil in a baking dish botanicals in oil, this rapid method with with a lot of surface area; a square glass cake low heat helps keep bacteria at bay so that pan works well for this. Place in the oven set on the oil will remain fresher longer. the lowest setting, or in a gas oven the pilot light will be sufficient. Several hours (or overnight) later, the oil will be ready. Ingredients Strain it carefully and put it into a wide-mouthed jar. The coconut oil will become firm, so in this 1 cup dandelion petals case a bottle will not work. 2 cups (470 ml) melted coconut oil Yield » 2 cups (470 ml) ? @ 150 

80000=00=000C DANDELION VINEGAR C000=00=000085 Vinegar is one of the best ways to draw out the minerals in plants. Use the DANDELIONDirections vinegar in cooking or dressings, and all of the benefits are at your fingertips. Choose 00000 Loosely fill a container with clean chopped leaves, flowers, and roots. I use nearly all leaves and flowers with just a small handful of chopped good-quality vinegar. I always use apple roots. Cover completely with vinegar. Close with cider vinegar. a nonreactive canning lid, and allow to steep for 3 weeks or more. Strain and bottle, and it’s ready Ingredients to use. 1 quart dandelion flowers, leaves, and roots, Yield » 1 quart chopped Note If you notice a bit of white residue, it is 1½ quarts (1.4 L) vinegar, or more to cover the inulin from the root and is harmless. ? @ 151 

80000=00=000C GREEN EGGS C000=00=000085 A favorite way to incorporate HEALING HERBS dandelion greens into a meal is in an 000000==000Directions egg scramble. In the early spring, this Heat the butter in a skillet and sauté the greens versatile recipe includes lots of wild until just slightly wilted and vibrant in color. greens. The tender young leaves and Mix together the eggs and water with a fork until tight buds of dandelion go well with uniform, and pour over the greens. Stir together chickweed, and it’s often easy to find a over the heat so that the greens are well mixed tiny wild onion or two. Add a little ham, into the eggs, and then allow to cook until eggs are set. Turn over once so that both sides are and you have a literary classic that even a lightly browned. persnickety child might be willing to try. Yield » 2 servings Ingredients Option There are so many things you can add 1 teaspoon unsalted butter to this to create a meal, but some of my favorites 1 cup (70 g) mixed, chopped dandelion greens are grated cheese, chopped onions, garlic, salsa, and ham. (may substitute other wild greens or spinach) 3 eggs 1 tablespoon (15 ml) water ? @ 152 

80000=00=000C PMS TEA C000=00=000085 Keep this blend on hand so that it’s ready when you are. DANDELIONDirections 0000 Blend the dried herbs together well. Use 1 to 2 teaspoons in a tea ball or muslin bag per cup of Ingredients tea. Pour the boiling water over the herbs and allow to steep for 5 minutes. Drink as needed. ¼ cup dried dandelion leaves Yield » Enough for 25 to 30 cups ¼ cup dried raspberry leaves ¼ cup dried lemon balm brewed tea ¼ cup dried spearmint ? @ 153 

80000=00=000C DANDELION FRITTERS C000=00=000085 The flowers close quickly after HEALING HERBS being picked, so this is a great dish if there000000==000Ingredients are children about to keep a supply of the 3 cups dandelion flower heads freshly picked blossoms coming into the 1 egg 1 cup (235 ml) milk kitchen. Small children will particularly 1 cup (108 g) seasoned bread crumbs enjoy gathering for this because you want Cooking oil, for frying no stems. They can just pop off the heads and put them in a basket. It works best in Directions small batches. Rinse the flowers in cold, salted water, and then pat dry. Combine the egg and milk in a bowl. Dip the flowers, one by one, into the egg mixture, and then dredge in the bread crumbs. Heat the oil in a skillet over medium heat, add the flowers in batches, and fry until lightly browned. Drain on paper towels, and serve while still hot. Yield » 3 to 6 servings ? @ 154 

80000=00=000C DANDELION ROOT COCOA C000=00=000085 Dandelion root cocoa is one of my Directions favorite ways to enjoy dandelion during DANDELION the winter. Place the water in a saucepan. Add the dandelion, cacao, mushrooms, astragalus, and000000==000 nutmeg and bring to a boil over medium-high Ingredients heat. Reduce the heat to a low simmer and cover. Simmer until the liquid is reduced by one-third. 1 quart (1 L) water Remove from the heat and strain the herbs from ¼ cup dandelion root the liquid. Add milk and honey to taste. ¼ cup (56 g) roasted raw cacao nibs 1 teaspoon chopped dried reishi mushrooms Yield » 1 quart (1 L) 3 sticks astragalus root ½ teaspoon ground nutmeg, cinnamon Source Stephany Hoffelt, Naturally Simple or cayenne Living, www.naturallysimple.org 1 cup (235 ml) whole milk, coconut milk, or almond milk Raw local honey or stevia, to taste ? @ 155 



10000002 CHAPTER SEVENTEEN Thyme 10000002 Thymus vulgaris Labiatae family ? @ 157 

HEALING HERBS THYME is a seriously overlooked herb. 000000=00=000mats of strong, wiry stems that reach across the Perhaps due to the diminutive stature, ground. Rarely do they rise more than a few the nearly invisible blossoms, or the fact inches above the soil. that it requires almost no care, we tend to forget just how potent this sweet ground cover can be. Thyme is one of the most versatile culinary herbs. It can be added to almost any savory dish, In ancient Greece, the word thymus meant and will impart a subtle gourmet quality with both “courage” and “to fumigate.” Both of these little effort. Many of the valuable components meanings are appropriate to the herb. In medi- are most prevalent in the stems, so chopping eval times, women gave sprigs of thyme to their up the sprigs and including all aerial parts of knights before they went into battle. Thyme as a the plant is worthwhile. Dried thyme is readily form of incense has been used in sickrooms and available at the grocery store, but to really enjoy to purify stale air, and in some cultures it has it, grow it or purchase the fresh stems that are been used as a perfume. As a strewing herb in available more and more often in the produce the Middle Ages, thyme blended with lavender section. It is one of the herbs of the fines herbes found its way onto the floors of churches, where of French cuisine and is included in the classic it would have helped with musty odors and bouquet garni or parsley, thyme, and bay leaf. perhaps kept germs under control. Thyme is a rich source of nutrition, even in My friend down the road, Kathy Musser small quantities. It is a treasure trove of vita- at Cloverleaf Herb Farm, has devoted a large mins C, B6, K, and A, as well as riboflavin, iron, section of her yard to a thyme display garden. copper, manganese, calcium, folate, phospho- When things are in full swing and the thymes rus, potassium, and zinc. There’s even a decent are blooming, it is alive with honeybees. You amount of fiber present in thyme. Preparing vin- can actually hear them before you round the egar with a good quantity of thyme is an excel- corner. ‘Elfin’, ‘Creeping’, ‘Nutmeg’, ‘Caraway’, lent way to make those minerals and vitamins ‘Camphor’, ‘Wooly’, and Mother of Thyme are available. To do so, simply fill a jar loosely with just a few of the varieties she grows. The blooms sprigs of thyme and cover with a good-quality are a range of whites, pinks, and pale purples. (not distilled) vinegar, allowing it to steep for Depending on the variety, the leaves are any- several weeks in a cool, dark place. Thyme where from 1⁄8 to 1/2 inch (3 to 13 mm) in length, vinegar can be used in many ways. Marinades, typically about a third as wide as they are long. dressings, and sauces are delicious, or mix In other words, they are tiny. The plants form 2 tablespoons (28 ml) of the vinegar with ? @ 158 

2 teaspoons (13 g) of blackstrap molasses or THYME Thyme has a long-standing reputation for honey and √ cup (180 ml) of water for a nutri- treating chest colds and respiratory problems, ent-packed beverage. 000000=00=000 especially coughs, bronchitis, and congestion. It is an expectorant, helping to loosen excess This herb is often vastly overlooked from a mucus. It can improve the appetite as well as home remedy standpoint, making it (along with digestion, and is a remedy for excess gas. A cup most culinary herbs) an immensely beneficial of thyme tea can help relieve muscle spasms. It and healthful addition to meals. As a carmina- is also diuretic and anti-inflammatory, making tive herb, it has historically been served to aid it a perfect cup for (among other things) PMS. digestion, either in the food or as a beverage. The volatile oil components include carvacrol, Used externally, compresses, soaks, and borneol, and geraniol, but most important is washes help with a vast array of issues, includ- thymol, which can destroy harmful organisms ing acne, scalp problems, athlete’s foot and vari- like bacteria, microbes, and viruses and provide ous fungal infections, rashes, bug bites, wounds, antioxidant protection to cellular membranes. and a host of parasites, such as worms, scabies, Thymol’s disinfectant and antiseptic properties and lice. can also prevent putrefaction and decay (ancient Egyptians used it in embalming practices). Medicinal Benefits Using more thyme is a great way to » Aids digestion increase the consumption of DHA, an omega-3 » Kills microbes and fungi fatty acid critical to optimal brain function. » Kills parasites Thyme oil is one of several essential oils » Inhibits oxidation being studied for its ability to destroy MRSA » Disinfects wounds (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) » Eases cough infections. Scientists have found it to be able » Loosens excess mucus to kill this deadly staph infection within two » Relieves muscle spasms hours. It also shows promise in fighting other » Promotes urination deadly bacteria, and it is quite possible that » Reduces inflammation these essential plant oils will be where we turn should antibiotic drugs no longer hold the line. Thyme also includes many flavonoids that work to increase its antioxidant action. ? @ 159 

80000=00=000C LEMON THYME SHORTBREAD COOKIES C000=00=000085 Ifyou’veonlyhadthymein HEALING HERBS savory dishes, these cookies will open your 000000==000Directions eyes (and taste buds) to a sweet culinary Preheat the oven to 350°F (180°C, or experience. gas mark 4). Using an electric mixer, cream together the Ingredients butter and sugar until well combined. Add the thyme, lemon zest, lemon juice, and cardamom ½ cup (112 g) unsalted butter, softened seed and mix again. Begin adding the flour, ¼ cup (50 g) sugar, plus more for sprinkling mixing in as much as possible with the mixer, but you’ll have to work in the rest of it with a 1 tablespoon finely chopped thyme spoon or your hands. Work it until it forms a 1 tablespoon (6 g) grated lemon zest smooth ball. 1 tablespoon (15 ml) lemon juice Divide into 2 portions, and roll out the dough to ½ teaspoon crushed cardamom seeds (a mortar about ¼-inch (6 mm) thick. Use cutters or a glass to cut out shapes. Sprinkle with sugar and place and pestle is perfect for this) the cookies on ungreased cookie sheets. 1¼ cups (150 g) flour Bake for 12 to 15 minutes, until the edges are lightly browned. Cool on wire racks. Yield » About 3 dozen cookies ? @ 160 

80000=00=000C THYME TEA C000=00=000085 This can be used as a mouthwash Directions or a gargle, or in larger amounts as a THYME foot soak (add marbles to the basin to Steep the thyme in the water for 15 minutes. rub foot reflexology points). You can add00==0 00==0Strain. it to bathwater or tent your head over Variations a bowl of steaming tea and inhale as a » Add honey to taste and use for colds or upper decongestant. respiratory problems. Ingredients »»1 teaspoon dried thyme 80000=0»0=000C1 cup (235 ml) boiling water A lemon slice goes well with thyme and honey for sore throats. Add mint and honey for a cough syrup. Add a slice of ginger for nausea. FIRST SIGN OF COLD THYME ELIXIR 5C000=00=00008Drink this elixir at the first sign of a cold. Directions Add the thyme, ginger, and lemon to a 1-pint Ingredients (470 ml) jar. Add the honey and brandy to cover. Let steep for 6 weeks, then strain and use by the ½ cup dried thyme teaspoon or in tea. 2 slices ginger Yield » 1 pint (470 ml) 1 slice lemon 10 ounces (280 g) honey Source Jackie Johnson, ND, Planhigion 5 ounces (140 ml) brandy Herbal Learning Center, www.planhigion.com, www.thewisconsinherbalist.com ? @ 161 

80000=00=000C TINCTURE OF THYME C000=00=000085 This tincture is good at the first HEALING HERBS sign of a cold. It can also be diluted and00=0 00=Directions used to clean wounds. Fill a 1-pint (470 ml) jar one-third full of dried thyme and add alcohol to fill. Steep for 6 weeks, and then strain and bottle. Take a dropperful, or Ingredients ½ teaspoon, at a time, up to 3 times a day. Yield » 1 pint (470 ml) Dried thyme 80000C 80000CBrandyor otheralcohol THYME THYME VINEGAR FOR C500008OIL C00008THE HOME Oil-infused thyme makes an excellent massage oil for sore joints. Directions Adding lavender and using on the temples eases headaches. See instructions for Infuse fresh or dried thyme in white vinegar for infusing oil on page 11. 2 to 4 weeks. Strain. May be diluted with distilled water. Use to clean floors, counters, windows, and doorknobs. Source for tincture, oil, vinegar, and oxymel recipes Jackie Johnson, ND, Planhigion Herbal Learning Center, www.planhigion.com, www.thewisconsinherbalist.com ? @ 162 

80000=00=000C 000000==000 THYME AND ELDERBERRY OXYMEL C000=00=000085 Sipatthefirstsignofa scratchy throat. Ingredients ½ cup dried thyme ½ cup dried elderberry 2 or 3 cinnamon chips 2 to 3 ounces (54 to 84 g) honey Brandy to cover Directions Combine the thyme, elderberry, cinnamon, and honey in a 1-pint (470 ml) jar. Mix well. Add brandy to cover. Stir and let sit for 6 weeks. Strain. Use by the teaspoonful. This may be added to other drinks and teas. Yield » 1 pint (470 ml) ? @ 163 



10000002 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Stinging Nettle 10000002 Urtica dioica Urticaceae family ? @ 165 

HEALING HERBS WHEN MY SISTER and I were children, 000000=00=000somehow conveys well-being when steamed there was a stream running through and buttered. a cow pasture where we were allowed to play. All along the stream were patches of Flavor aside, stinging nettle really is good stinging nettles, mint, and wild forget-me-nots. for you! It contains tannic acid, lecithin, chlo- Invariably, we would brush against the nettles rophyll, iron, silica, potassium, phosphorus, (which were known to us by the nickname burn sulfur, sodium, and vitamins A and C. The dried hazel), leading us to either jump into the creek leaves contain up to 40 percent protein, so add- to attempt to cool the sting, or just wait it out. ing the powdered, dried leaves to smoothies, The sting doesn’t seem to last too long, but it is soups, stews, and a thousand other dishes can fierce. After all, its family name, Urticaceae, is boost their nutritional content. derived from the Latin uro, to burn. Duration depends on the individual and the plant. We Nettle supports chest and upper respiratory learned very young to recognize this perennial, complaints and is often a first line of defense which can sometimes grow to a height of 7 feet against seasonal allergies. Taken with a local (2 m). Its paired leaves are heart shaped and honey, nettle can shush away mild to moderate coarsely veined and sharply toothed, and there symptoms. It is best to begin using nettle before is something in the appearance that looks a allergy season gets underway. little mean. Nettle likes damp places and moist ground, and its presence is frequently an indica- Nettle is used in cases of internal and tor of rich soil. The stems and undersides of external bleeding and also helps fight anemia all the leaves are covered with hollow stinging and the fatigue that accompanies it due to its hairs called trichomes that inject chemicals that readably available iron content and the vitamin can produce welts, redness, and the stinging C that helps with absorption. The herb is some- sensation. times recommended to help nursing mothers increase milk production. In pregnancy, the Never in a million years did that child feel- mineral-packed herb is good for mother and ing the sting of nettle think that someday it the developing baby. In fact, nettle is a good, would become a favorite vegetable as well as a lifelong woman’s herb, helping to regulate how valued medicinal herb in our family! There are the liver processes and eliminates estrogen, a few wild vegetables that I love, and sting- smoothing out PMS symptoms, helping to regu- ing nettle is at the top of that list. The flavor late heavy menses, and being an all-around sup- port in menopause. Regular use of nettle may help the body retain more estrogen. Estrogen ? @ 166 

loss affects memory, bone health, heart health, STINGING NETTLEwith the urination issues found in men with and skin tone and elasticity, so drink up, ladies! enlarged prostates. It is diuretic and astringent, 000000=00=000 and can be useful in joint issues by promoting The sting has been used externally on joints the release of uric acid from joints. The root is affected with osteoarthritis to relieve pain (a also considered a pelvic decongestant and can process called urtification), and internal use of be useful for problems with menstruation. nettle in combination with NSAIDs is effective enough that often the use of NSAIDs can be Medicinal Benefits substantially lowered. Those with inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, gout, and rheumatism » Promotes urination and soft-tissue conditions such as fibromyalgia » Constricts tissue and tendonitis find pain relief from daily use. » Alleviates pain Autoimmune disorders that include joint pain » Stops bleeding also respond favorably to nettle use. Nettle » Alleviates joint pain contains a healthy quantity of the trace mineral » Reduces allergy boron, which is important in helping bones » Reduces congestion retain calcium. It is surprisingly healing for the » Helps expel excess mucus digestive tract as well. Nettle is also effective » Calms muscle spasm as a mouthwash against plaque, gingivitis, and » Aids digestion mouth sores; helps with sore throats; strength- ens mucous membranes; and can assist with acid reflux, celiac disease, gas, colitis, nausea, and swollen hemorrhoids. This amazing weed supports the endocrine system as well. Nettle is a wonderful spring tonic that helps in the elimination of the metabolic wastes that build up during a winter of being indoors, gen- tly stimulating the lymph system and encourag- ing the kidneys to move things along efficiently. The seeds are considered energizing, provide adrenal support, and may help with weight loss. The root is used for prostate health and to help ? @ 167 



80000=00=000C STEAMED NETTLE C000=00=000085 By far, my favorite spring dish is a bowl of deep green nettle with a pat of STINGING NETTLEDirections butter and a sprinkle of good sea salt. It is000000==000In a saucepan, bring the water to a boil. Add the the easiest thing in the world (if you wear nettle leaves, cover, return to a boil quickly, and then reduce the heat to steam the leaves for 3 to protective gloves) and you can almost feel 5 minutes. Strain, add butter and salt, and eat. your body welcoming spring while you eat Yield » 2 servings it. Heating the nettle takes the sting away. Drying does too, but I’ve occasionally been stung by dried nettle, but not with cooked. Ingredients ½ cup (120 ml) water 1 quart young nettle leaves Butter and salt to taste ? @ 169 

80000=00=000C NETTLE AND LEEK SOUP 5C000=00=00008DirectionsThis traditional springtime soup HEALING HERBS uses some of the first greens of the year. 000000==000 Melt the butter in large saucepan and add the leeks. Sauté until just tender, 5 or 6 minutes. Ingredients Add the broth and potatoes and heat to a low boil. When the potatoes are nearly done, add 4 tablespoons (56 g) unsalted butter the nettle. Simmer for another 15 minutes. Use a 1 cup (100 g) chopped leeks stick blender to purée the soup. I like to leave it 1 quart (1 L) chicken or vegetable broth a little chunky. A food processor or blender will 4 medium potatoes, sliced (skin on) work too, but I love the convenience of finishing 1 quart tender young nettle leaves, chopped it right in the pan. Add salt and pepper. Serve Salt and pepper to taste with a dollop of sour cream in the center of Sour cream, for garnish each bowl. Yield » 4 to 6 servings ? @ 170 

80000=00=000C NETTLE HOT OIL HAIR TREATMENT 5C000=00=00008DirectionsNettle helps strengthen hair, adds shine, and stimulates hair growth. Place the nettles in a mason jar and cover with STINGING NETTLE jojoba oil. Cover the jar with a square of cheese- 000000==000 Ingredients cloth, held in place by the metal ring, so the moisture in the herbs can escape. Place the jar in 1 cup fresh, wilted, chopped nettle a sunny, south-facing window and stir well every (or ½ cup dried) day for 3 weeks. 2 cups (470 ml) jojoba oil To strain, pour the oil through an old T-shirt into ½ teaspoon lavender essential oil a clean jar. When it stops dripping, gather in the ¼ teaspoon rosemary essential oil corners and twist and squeeze out every last drop. Add the essential oils. Place a lid and screw band on the jar for long-term storage. To use, massage ½ to 2 teaspoons into the hair, depending on the length, and then brush it well to distribute it. Wrap the hair for about an hour, then shampoo as usual. Yield » 2 cups (470 ml) Source Marci Tsohonis ? @ 171 



10000002 CHAPTER NINETEEN Sweet Violet 10000002 Viola odorata Violaceae family ? @ 173 

HEALING HERBS Viola odorata is the most common garden 000000=00=000 Up until the 1940s violet essential oil was violet, growing wild between blades of made through an exhaustive and low-yielding grass. The flowers have a sweet, pow- method of enfleurage and solvent extraction. dery scent and are typically either dark violet Then, synthetic approximations became much or white, the emerald heart-shaped leaves and more profitable and therefore more common- flowers are all in a rosette, and the leaf stalks place. Violet leaf essential oil is available today; have hairs that point downward. The flowers however, it’s quite expensive. Every spring or rise quickly above the leaves, only to be over- summer, I attempt to distill it myself, but so far taken by them as their bloom fades. The flowers it hasn’t worked out. I obtain a great hydrosol, appear as early as February and last until the but as yet no essential oil. end of April. In early fall, you’ll find the seed- pods opening very close to the earth, like tiny Violets have a rich history. They were three-pointed stars. There is often a very small Napoleon’s signature flower, and he covered bloom in autumn too, made all the sweeter by Josephine’s grave with them. In ancient Greece the impending winter. violets were the official symbol of Athens, and wines were scented with them. In Footnotes to Violets hold a very warm spot in my heart. I the Violet, John Reismiller writes, “The Greek always looked forward to May Day when I was dramatist, Aristophanes, referred to Athens little, and loved to leave little paper cones full in one of his plays as the violet-crowned city of violets and other flowers on the doorknobs of because the name of the king who was crowned neighbors (most likely to be found days later). there (Ion) and the flower (ion = violet) were Picking thick bundles of the little flowers is one the same. The English historian Macaulay of the few ways to ever actually smell the scent used the same epithet for that ancient city when of their perfume. Another is to pick baskets full he wrote of it and it has been emblematic of it for syrup or jelly, put most of your face into the ever since.” Violet is still the emblem of Tou- basket and inhale deeply—just one long inhala- louse, France. A golden violet is presented today tion. After that, it will be gone. In a very odd at the Académie Française as an award. trick of nature, sweet violets contain a ketone compound called ionone that temporarily Violet blossoms and leaves are higher in desensitizes the receptors in the nose. You get vitamin C than any domestic green vegetable. one sniff. After that, ionone has made it impos- They also contain vitamin A. Both of those sible to smell it again for a brief time. vitamins are very important to immune func- tion and wound healing. I don’t see a lot of ? @ 174 

references to eating these as vegetables in the SWEET VIOLET long-ago history when we lived on the contents of our root cellars and whatever we preserved 000000=00=000 (as we often see with dandelion), but we should Medicinal Benefits have. There are lots of vital minerals, especially calcium and magnesium, available in the leaves, » Treats skin issues too. The leaves and flowers contain rutin, a » Supports gastrointestinal health bioflavonoid that is helpful in the treatment of » Boosts immune function venous insufficiency and lowered blood flow to » Heals wounds various parts of the body. Specifically, hemor- » Improves blood flow rhoids and varicose veins may respond to violet. The leaves especially contain saponins and mucilage. Last year I attempted to distill the tender early green leaves. The steam passing through those delicate leaves changed it into a mass of bubbling goo within half an hour. Removing it from the flask, it was silky, slippery, and mucilaginous. Who says we don’t learn anything from our mistakes? The saponins are helpful in dissolving all kinds of lumps and cysts, most traditionally used for the breasts. The mucilage improves the health and moisture of mucous membranes, which helps main- tain bowel regularity, supports lung function, and soothes the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. These qualities also make violet a good, gentle option for dry skin, acne, cradle cap, and eczema. Externally for the skin, it can be used as an infused oil (for dry, scaly skin) or a poultice for conditions such as acne. ? @ 175 

80000=00=000C CANDIED VIOLETS C000=00=000085 Although this is painstaking HEALING HERBS work, the visual delight when candied 000000==000Directions violets make an appearance on a dish is With a small paintbrush, paint each blossom worth it. There is almost nothing prettier completely with the egg white. Immediately cover with sugar. Place on parchment paper that than a cupcake swathed in white frosting has been laid over racks in a warm, dry place. with a few candied violets scattered across Gently snip away the stem. Let dry for 24 hours. the top. Once dried, store in a clean, dry, airtight con- tainer with layers separated by waxed paper Ingredients or parchment. Dried violet blossoms, fully open, about Yield » As desired 1 inch (2.5 cm) of stem attached Egg white, beaten, at room temperature Sugar ? @ 176 

80000=00=000C VIOLET SYRUP C000=00=000085 Iwasintroducedtothiswhen my daughter, Molly, was in nursery SWEET VIOLETDirections school, and one of the other mothers made 000000==000Place the violets in a large heat-resistant jar. If it. The color of her syrup was the palest you have a rose geranium leaf, add that. Pour the boiling water over the flowers. Let steep for of lavenders, as she’d set her violets in 1 hour. Strain. Note that the color is likely green- water to bathe under the full moon. It was ish blue. Wait for it . . . add the lemon juice. really lovely, but I usually am in more of Magic! It’s purple. a hurry. One of the attractions of violet Heat the liquid in a saucepan, add the sugar, syrup has to do with the brief window of stir to combine, and bring to a boil. Boil for time that we get to enjoy them and the 3 minutes, stirring to dissolve the sugar. Cool striking color. Molly and I used to wander enough to pour into clean jars. Cover and refrig- down into the orchard and while away erate. The sugar is probably enough to preserve it, but use the fridge to be sure. Use this syrup entire afternoons popping the blossoms to sweeten teas, brighten up some vanilla ice into a wide bowl. I’ve since learned to cream, or splash on sorbet. It’s great on crepes use something with more depth and less and drizzled over strawberries, too. width—one good gust and the whole Yield » 1 quart (1 L) afternoon’s worth of violets is in the wind. Ingredients 1 quart lightly packed violet blossoms, without stems 1 dried rose geranium leaf or 1 drop rose geranium essential oil (optional) 3 cups (705 ml) boiling water Juice of 1 lemon 4 cups (800 g) sugar ? @ 177 

80000=00=000C VIOLET LEAF SALVE C000=00=000085 Because violet is such a gentle HEALING HERBS healer, I like to double or triple infuse the000000==000Directions oil used in a salve. In order to do that, I Make the violet-infused oil (see page 11), then infuse the oil, strain it, add fresh plant strain carefully, removing any grit, for the last time. material, infuse, strain, repeat. This Heat the beeswax very slowly with about ¼ cup (60 ml) of the infused oil until it is liquid. Slowly way, I wind up with a more concentrated add the rest of the oil so that the wax doesn’t salve. Violet leaves are available from spring until early fall, so it’s easy to do seize. Pour into small, clean wide-mouthed jars. this. I may have mentioned that I’m not This is a good salve for hands that have been the patient type, so I use my oven on the working outside in rough weather or working lowest “warm” setting, allowing me to without gloves in drying clay soils. It’s great for accomplish a triple-infused oil in a day if older faces and skin, and perfect for sore legs and venous issues. I start first thing. For this one, I like to use coconut oil. Because we’re using a little heat, it will be liquid, and since the coconut oil is white, the salve will be a nice green. I like the power of a deep green salve. Ingredients ½ cup (120 ml) violet-infused oil ½ ounce (14 g) beeswax ? @ 178 

80000=00=000C NETTLE AND WILD VIOLET BODY CREAM 5C000=00=00008Blue violet has an affinity to the lymphatic system and is classified as an SWEET VIOLETDirections alliterative, or “blood purifier”; it is known000000==000Place the fresh violet flowers into a small heat- to promote the body’s own cleansing proof mason jar and pour hot water over them. Cover and let steep. action. It is a great herb for swollen glands Place the nettle and violet leaf–infused oil into a heatproof measuring cup. Add the castor oil, and helping the body eliminate bacteria shea butter, and beeswax. Set the cup into a and other toxins, which is why violets are traditionally known for their use in body pan filled with several inches of water and heat and breast care, and also for chapped on medium-low until everything melts together. and dry spots. Here’s one of my favorite Remove from the pan, let cool to body tempera- lusciously clean-smelling creams perfect ture, and then add the vitamin E. for thirsty skin. It’s light and dreamy and Strain the violet flower tea and measure out 5 to filled with the essence of spring. 6 ounces (150 to 180 ml) of liquid. Using a hand mixer (or blender) on low, slowly drizzle the Ingredients violet flower tea into the oil mixture. As the oils start to thicken, increase the speed to high. Beat on high until your mixture is thick and creamy, 1 cup fresh blue violet flowers and then stir in your desired essential oils. Spoon 3 ounces (90 ml) nettle and the cream into a clean sterilized jar and enjoy violet leaf–infused sunflower oil generously! ½ ounce (15 ml) castor oil Yield » 12 ounces (355 ml) 1½ ounces (42 g) shea butter ½ ounce (14 g) grated beeswax 2 vitamin E capsules Source Jessica Morgan, 5 to 8 drops ylang ylang, jasmine, neroli, www.MorganBotanicals.com or essential oil of choice ? @ 179 



10000002 CHAPTER TWENTY Ginger 10000002 Zingiber officinale Zingiberaceae family ? @ 181 

HEALING HERBS AT THE MOMENT, there are at least five 000000=00=000 but there must also be good drainage. You different concoctions of ginger in my won’t want the soil to dry out between kitchen, and that doesn’t count the waterings, but it should be moist, not soggy. crystallized ginger that is always on hand, or the granulated spicy hot Chinese honey ginger 2. Choose fresh plump “hands” from the grocer, instant brew that is one of our go-to warm-ups and soak overnight. They can be cut into on chilly winter nights. pieces or planted whole. A 12-inch (30.5 cm) diameter pot will handle about three good- Ginger is native to Southeast Asia, and it size hands. has been renowned for millennia in many areas of the world. Ginger is mentioned in ancient 3. Plant them 3 inches (7.5 cm) deep with the Chinese, Indian, and Middle Eastern writ- buds facing up. ing, and is revered for its aromatic, culinary, and medicinal properties. Ancient Romans 4. Place the pot where there is good sunlight, imported ginger from China nearly 2,000 but not in direct light; it doesn’t have to hog years ago. In the 1500s, ginger’s use spread, in all your good windowsill space. spite of the great expense of importing it from Asia. Spanish explorers took ginger to the West 5. Once established, you can just dig up what Indies, Mexico, and South America, and in the you need when you want it. It’s best to leave sixteenth century exports back to Europe com- it alone for a year to get it well established, menced to satisfy the great demand. Jamaica, though. India, Fiji, Indonesia, and Australia grow most of what we use today. Even though almost every To freeze leftover ginger, grate the ginger other plant in this book is generally thought of thoroughly. Add a teaspoon or two of water or as a weed and can likely be found wild in most lemon juice, just to increase moisture. Press temperate regions, ginger is included because it firmly into ice cube trays, and freeze. When can easily be grown right in the kitchen. It takes frozen, pop them out and place into a freezer a year or two to grow a steady source, but it’s bag, squeezing out the excess air. Now you have worth it. Here’s how: ginger ready when you need it. 1. First you need some really good soil. Ginger There are many gingers in the Zingib- will grow in rich soil that retains moisture, eraceae family. The three most common are Zingiber officinale, which is the traditional ginger; Curcuma longa, known as turmeric; ? @ 182 

and Alpinia galanga, called galangal. Of these GINGER Ginger offers pain relief in much the same three, ginger and turmeric have been found in way cayenne does, and can be used externally in recent years to have almost unlimited benefits 000000=00=000 balms, salves, and liniments on sore joints and for human health, offering cures for everything muscles. Used internally for pain, ginger extract from an upset stomach to quite possibly curing has been shown to be as effective as ibuprofen or preventing cancer. I expect that very soon for menstrual pain and as good as or better than we’ll be learning more about benefits from some of the pharmaceutical drugs used for gout, galangal. These roots are spectacular, incredibly osteoarthritis in the knees, and rheumatoid health-giving, and deliciously easy to add to the arthritis, without the toxic side effects. It sup- diet every single day. Other significant up-and- ports heart health as well. And, it is delicious! coming gingers are cardamom (Elettaria carda- Few baked sweets go into our oven without some momum) and zedoary (Curcurma zedoaria). finely minced crystallized ginger blended into the batter first. It brightens up almost everything. Since discovering ginger’s ability to clear nausea almost instantly, I rarely suffer from it as There are some drug interactions to be aware long as I have ginger at hand. I offered a cousin of when using ginger regularly or in large quan- taking a cruise a baggie of ginger root capsules tity, so discuss it with your physician if you are with instructions to use them if she got seasick. using heart medications, NSAIDS, medication Some days into the trip, the ship hit rough seas. for diabetes, or a blood-thinning medication. She later told me that she was one of very few out and about on the decks. Medicinal Benefits When added to other herbs—in teas, tinc- » Treats nausea tures, or syrups, for instance—ginger activates » Promotes circulation them. Ginger is a stimulant, and it promotes » Reduces inflammation circulation, helping to get things moving. It is a » Kills bacteria, fungi, and highly effective anti-inflammatory, and because inflammation is behind so much lethal dis- other pathogens eases, especially in our blood vessels and major » Relieves pain (internal and external) organs, ginger can be very useful. Antibiotic and antibacterial, it fights staph infections and might be useful (preemptively) against effects of gamma radiation. It is also antifungal. ? @ 183 

80000=00=000C SPICY GINGER ELIXIR C000=00=000085 Istartedmakingthiswhen HEALING HERBS there was leftover ginger. In the beginning,000000==000Directions it was just a ginger tincture (see page 12 Place the ginger, lemon slices, cinnamon, star for tincture instructions), but it gradually anise, cardamom and honey into a pint jar, stir to combine, and add the vodka to cover (it may became this delicious blend that can be take a bit more or less than 1 cup [235 ml]). taken alone by the dropperful, or added to Allow to steep for about a month. Strain into a hot water or herbal tea to jazz it up with clean jar and enjoy. healthful properties. It has never had an Yield » 1 cup (235 ml) exact recipe, but this is a good starting point. Ingredients ½ cup (50 g) chopped ginger 1 lemon, thinly sliced 1 (4-inch, or 10 cm) cinnamon stick 2 star anise 2 cardamom pods ½ cup (160 g) raw local honey 1 cup (235 ml) 100 proof vodka or brandy ? @ 184 

80000=00=000C HEALTHY MORNING MUFFINS C000=00=000085 Thesebranmuffinscontain no sugar, but with the applesauce and GINGERDirections banana you won’t notice. There’s lots of 000000==000Preheat the oven to 400°F (200°C, or gas nourishing goodness here to start the day mark 6). Line a 12-cup muffin tin with paper liners. on an even note. They freeze well, too. In a large bowl, combine the wheat and oat Ingredients brans, whole wheat flour, baking powder, baking soda, ginger, cinnamon, and nutmeg. In another 1 cup (120 g) wheat bran bowl, combine the applesauce, banana, milk, egg whites, and oil. Pour the wet ingredients into 1 cup (120 g) oat bran the dry ingredients and mix until just combined. 1 cup (120 g) whole wheat flour Divide evenly among the prepared muffin cups. 2 teaspoons baking powder Bake for 14 to 16 minutes, or until a toothpick 1 teaspoon baking soda inserted into the center comes out sticky but not 2 tablespoons (12 g) minced fresh ginger wet. Cool on a wire rack. ½ teaspoon cinnamon ½ teaspoon nutmeg Yield » 12 muffins 1 cup (245 g) applesauce 1 mashed ripe banana ½ cup (120 ml) skim milk 2 egg whites, lightly beaten 2 tablespoons (30 ml) olive oil ? @ 185 

80000=00=000C BANANA GINGER BREAD C000=00=000085 The ginger adds sparkle to the HEALING HERBS flavors in this cakelike bread, making it a000000==000Directions favorite at our house. Preheat the oven to 350°F (180°C, or gas mark 4). Grease an 8½ x 4½-inch (21.5 x 11.5 cm) loaf pan. Ingredients Combine the flour, baking soda, and salt in a 2 cups (240 g) all-purpose flour bowl and stir with a whisk. With a mixer, cream ¾ teaspoon baking soda the sugar and butter together in a large bowl. ½ teaspoon salt Add the eggs, 1 at a time, beating well after each ½ cup (100 g) sugar addition. Add the banana, yogurt, ginger, and ¼ cup (56 g) unsalted butter, softened vanilla. Blend well. 2 large eggs 1½ cups (338 g) mashed ripe banana Add the flour mixture slowly and beat at low speed just until moist. Spoon the batter into the (about 3 bananas) prepared pan. Bake for 1 hour, or until a wooden ¼ cup (80 g) plain yogurt toothpick inserted into the center comes out 2 tablespoons minced clean. crystallized ginger Cool in the pan on a wire rack for 10 minutes. 1 teaspoon vanilla extract Remove from the pan and cool completely on the wire rack. Yield » 1 loaf Note If using fresh minced ginger root, increase the sugar by ¼ cup (50 g). ? @ 186 

80000=00=000C GINGER MINT LINIMENT C000=00=000085 My favorite use for this liniment is on tired feet and calves after a long day GINGERDirections of standing. 00=0 00==0Heat the ginger and the olive oil together over the lowest heat setting for up to an hour. Remove from the heat and allow to rest overnight. Strain Ingredients the cooled oil through a coffee filter to remove all solids. Add the essential oil. Pour into bottles. ¼ cup (25 g) grated fresh ginger Massage into sore areas gently to relieve pain. 1¼ cups (295 ml) olive oil 80000=00=000C5 to 10 drops peppermint essential oil Yield » 1 cup (235 ml) GINGER BATH C000=00=000085 This energizing soak will help Directions with tired, sore muscles. Place the ginger in a muslin bag and tie securely. Place the muslin bag in a tub of hot water and Ingredients steep for 10 minutes. Or, attach the bag to the faucet and allow hot water to run through it. Soak in the hot bath for 20 to 30 minutes. 1 cup (100 g) grated or sliced ginger Yield » 1 application Source Heddy Johannesen, www.heddyjohannesen.wordpress.com ? @ 187 

Metric Conversions 5 Herb Dry Fresh dandelion petals 3 8 dandelion root 27 70 HEALING HERBS These weights and measures will vary according dried nettle 3 to the form of the herb used, the moisture con- dried thyme n/a tent, and how it has been processed. Commer- elderberry 2 to 3 5 cially cut and sifted dry herb that is stored in elderflowers 30 74 high humidity will weigh a good deal more than frankincense 2 2 that which has been home-dried and hand- gotu kola 54 crushed by someone living in an arid climate. garlic scapes 12 n/a Fresh herbs will also vary in weight depending hops n/a 1 on when they were harvested (just in from the lavender buds 2 22 garden, or sent to market the day before yester- lemon balm 6 5 day), growing conditions, and whether they are oat straw/milky oats 5 9 chopped finely or coarsely. parsley 13 7 motherwort 16 25 Fortunately, folk herbalism is very forgiving passionflower 3 30 and most of the measurements are not critical, peppermint 10 7 but merely provide a guideline. 5 21 3 7 4 ounces volume converted to grams plantain 2 11 raspberry leaves 4 8 4 6 Herb Dry Fresh red clover blossoms 44 8 4 ashwagandha 0.65 ounce 1.85 ounce rose petals 6 n/a? 5 10 basil 48 saw palmetto 8 54 powder 7 calendula 37 sage 28 104 5 70 California poppy 6 13 skullcap 4 8 n/a 9 catnip 58 spearmint 3 8 wilted chamomile 47 turmeric 7 chickweed 25 valerian root chives 4 20 violet flowers comfrey 7 16 violet leaves crystallized ginger 7 n/a wilted nettle dandelion leaf 24 yarrow ? @ 188 

Index 5 A Facial, 20 metric conversions, 188 Go with the Flow for air fresheners. See Lavender Boo-Boo Salve, 145 circulation. See Yarrow Tea, 21 Men, 107 Calendula Bath Tea, 36 cleaning. See Thyme Vinegar Spray, 44 Calendula Diaper Rash Rose and Lemon ashwagandha for the Home, 162 Gulkand, 96 Salve, 37 clover Go with the Flow for Men, Calendula-Lemon Gluten- Rose and Vanilla Elixir, 99 107 metric conversions, 188 Double Mint Tea, 62 Free Shortbread with Spring Tonic Oxymel, 137 metric conversions, 188 Calendula-Lemon Pow- colds E dered Sugar, 38–39 Chamomile Gelatin, 53 ear infections. See Mullein B introduction to, 34–35 Cold Ease Tea, 18 balms. See salves. metric conversions, 188 Elderberry Extract/Tinc- and Garlic Ear Oil, 30 basil California poppy Easy After-Dinner Mints, 63 metric conversions, 188 ture, 124 Edwards, Gail Faith, 99 Cup of Kindness Tea, 70 Sleepytime Tea, 83 Elderberry Liqueur, 129 elder introduction to, 68–69 calmness. See relaxation. Elder Tea Blend, 126 metric conversions, 188 Candied Violets, 176 First Sign of Cold Thyme Calendula-Lemon Gluten- Pesto, 28 catnip Free Shortbread with Purple Basil Vinegar, 75 metric conversions, 188 Elixir, 161 Calendula-Lemon Pow- Thai Basil Simple Syrup, 73 Sleepy Tea, 54 Garlic Honey, 27 dered Sugar, 38–39 Tomato-Basil Quiche, 72 Sleepytime Tea, 83 Olivatta, 29 Tomato-Basil Salad, 71 chamomile Sage Tea, 113 Cold Ease Tea, 18 baths Bedtime Tea, 81 Thyme Tea, 161 Cup of Kindness Tea, 70 Bath for Restful Sleep, 81 Calm Candy, 80 comfrey Elderberry Apple Fruit Calendula Bath Tea, 36 Chamomile Gelatin, 53 Boo-Boo Salve, 145 Ginger Bath, 187 Chamomile Tincture, 52 Calendula Bath Tea, 36 Leather, 128 Rose Milk Bath, 97 Facial Steam, 55 Comfrey and Aloe Elderberry Extract/Tinc- Thyme Tea, 161 introduction to, 50–51 Tired Tootsies Tea, 65 metric conversions, 188 Lotion, 143 ture, 124 Tub Tea for Hemorrhoids Nighty-Night Elixir, 82 Comfrey Fertilizer Concen- Elderberry Juice, 123 Sleepy Tea, 54 Elderberry Liqueur, 129 and Itchy Butt, 19 Sleepytime Tea, 83 trate, 144 Elderberry Pie, 127 Bedtime Tea, 81 chicken. See Lavender- Comfrey Fertilizer Tea, 144 Elderberry Syrup, 125 Berry Fruit Leather, 105 Marinated Chicken and Comfrey Salve, 142 Elder Tea Blend, 126 blackberries Salad with Kiwi-Lavender introduction to, 140–141 introduction to, 120–122 Vinaigrette, 47 metric conversions, 188 metric conversions, 188 Berry Fruit Leather, 105 chickweed Tired Tootsies Tea, 65 Thyme and Elderberry introduction to, 102–104 Chickweed and Plantain Tub Tea for Hemorrhoids Blackmore, Michael, 137 Balm, 135 Oxymel, 163 Black Raspberry Pie, 106 Chickweed Tincture, 134 and Itchy Butt, 19 Elston, Marcia, 129 Blossoms and Oatmeal Chickweed Vinegar, 134 Facial, 20 introduction to, 132–133 D F body sprays. See Lavender metric conversions, 188 dandelion Facial Steam, 55 Spray, 44 Refreshing Chickweed First Sign of Cold Thyme Boo-Boo Salve, 145 Water, 136 Dandelion Flower-Infused Brill, Susanna Reppert, 145 Spring Tonic Oxymel, 137 Oil, 150 Elixir, 161 Brown, Kristine, 83 chives frankincense Brown, Michele, 73 Lavender Seasoning Mix, Dandelion Fritters, 154 46 Dandelion Root Cocoa, 155 Lavender and Frankincense C Dandelion Vinegar, 151 Incense, 45 cacao. See Dandelion Root Green Eggs, 152 introduction to, 148–149 metric conversions, 188 Cocoa, 155 metric conversions, 188 Fried Plantain Greens, 89 calendula PMS Tea, 153 Fried Sage Leaves, 115 Spring Tonic Oxymel, 137 Blossoms and Oatmeal digestion G garlic Garlic Honey, 27 Garlic Oxymel, 31 ? @ 189 

HEALING HERBS introduction to, 24–26 J Garlic Oxymel, 31 N metric conversions, 188 Jackson, Jamie, 21 Honeyed Lemons, 18 Natural Mint Toothpaste, 64 Mullein and Garlic Ear Oil, Johannesen, Heddy, 187 Lemon Thyme Shortbread nettle Johnson, Jackie, 161, 162 30 joints. See Thyme Oil, 162 Cookies, 160 Go with the Flow for Men, Olivatta, 29 Jones, Cindy, 90, 91 metric conversions, 188 107 Pesto, 28 Jung, Carey, 39 Nighty-Night Elixir, 82 Sage Pesto, 117 Plantain Tea, 91 introduction to, 166–167 ginger K PMS Tea, 153 metric conversions, 188 Banana Ginger Bread, 186 Kalispell, Sandy Michelsen, 54 Refreshing Chickweed Nettle and Leek Soup, 170 Cold Ease Tea, 18 Nettle and Wild Violet Cup of Kindness Tea, 70 L Water, 136 Elderberry Syrup, 125 laundry Rose and Lemon Gulkand, Body Cream, 179 Elder Tea Blend, 126 Nettle Hot Oil Hair Treat- First Sign of Cold Thyme Lavender Laundry Sachets, 96 44 Sage Tea, 113 ment, 171 Elixir, 161 Sleepy Tea, 54 Spring Tonic Oxymel, 137 Ginger Bath, 187 Lavender Spray, 44 Sleepytime Tea, 83 Steamed Nettle, 169 Ginger Mint Liniment, 187 Lautanen-Raleigh, Marcy, 46 Spicy Ginger Elixir, 184 Neufchâtel. See Olivatta, 29 Healthy Morning Muffins, lavender Tabbouleh Salad, 61 Nighty-Night Elixir, 82 Thyme Tea, 161 185 Boo-Boo Salve, 145 Violet Syrup, 177 O introduction to, 182–183 Comfrey and Aloe Lotion, lymphatic system. See oats metric conversions, 188 Nettle and Wild Violet Body Spicy Ginger Elixir, 184 143 Cream, 179 Bath for Restful Sleep, 81 gotu kola Comfrey Salve, 142 Blossoms and Oatmeal Go with the Flow for Men, Facial Steam, 55 M introduction to, 42–43 metric conversions, 188 Facial, 20 107 Lavender and Frankincense milky oats Calendula Bath Tea, 36 metric conversions, 188 Calendula-Lemon Gluten- Go with the Flow for Men, 107 Incense, 45 metric conversions, 188 Green Eggs, 152 Lavender Laundry Sachets, Sleepytime Tea, 83 Free Shortbread with mint Calendula-Lemon Pow- H 44 Cold Ease Tea, 18 dered Sugar, 38–39 hair. See Nettle Hot Oil Hair Lavender-Marinated Double Mint Tea, 62 Healthy Morning Muffins, Easy After-Dinner Mints, 63 185 Treatment, 171 Chicken and Salad with Elder Tea Blend, 126 metric conversions, 188 headaches. See Thyme Oil, Kiwi-Lavender Vinaigrette, Ginger Mint Liniment, 187 Rose Milk Bath, 97 47 introduction to, 58–59 Sleepytime Tea, 83 162 Lavender Seasoning Mix, Lavender Seasoning Mix, ointments. See salves. Healthy Morning Muffins, 185 46 Olivatta, 29 hemorrhoids. See Tub Tea Lavender Spray, 44 46 Orr, Marita, 107 metric conversions, 188 metric conversions, 188 for Hemorrhoids and Itchy Nettle Hot Oil Hair Treat- Mint Flavor in Baked P Butt, 19 ment, 171 parsley Hess, Susan, 31 Nighty-Night Elixir, 82 Goods, 60 Hiker’s Rash Relief, 114 Sunburn or Windburn Vin- Natural Mint Toothpaste, 64 Lavender Seasoning Mix, Hoffelt, Stephany, 155 egar, 45 PMS Tea, 153 46 hops Thyme Oil, 162 Refreshing Chickweed metric conversions, 188 Tired Tootsies Tea, 65 metric conversions, 188 Sleepy Tea, 54 lemon Water, 136 Tabbouleh Salad, 61 hydrosols. See Facial Steam, Bedtime Tea, 81 Sleepy Tea, 54 passionflower 55 Calendula-Lemon Gluten- Tabbouleh Salad, 61 Bath for Restful Sleep, 81 Free Shortbread with Tired Tootsies Tea, 65 Bedtime Tea, 81 I Calendula-Lemon Pow- motherwort Calm Candy, 80 immune system dered Sugar, 38–39 metric conversions, 188 introduction to, 78–79 Calm Candy, 80 Nighty-Night Elixir, 82 metric conversions, 188 Cup of Kindness Tea, 70 Cup of Kindness Tea, 70 Sleepytime Tea, 83 Nighty-Night Elixir, 82 Elderberry Liqueur, 129 Elderberry Pie, 127 Morgan, Jessica, 179 Passionflower Tea, 83 insect bites Elderberry Syrup, 125 Mullein and Garlic Ear Oil, 30 Sleepytime Tea, 83 Plantain Field Poultice, 89 First Sign of Cold Thyme Musser, Kathy, 158 Pesto, 28 Yarrow Tea, 21 Elixir, 161 Pillsbury, Betty, 59, 117 plantain Boo-Boo Salve, 145 ? @ 190 

Chickweed and Plantain Sage Tea, 113 syrups Tomato-Basil Quiche, 72 INDEX Balm, 135 Salvia Fritta, 116 basics, 11–12 Tomato-Basil Salad, 71 salves Elderberry Syrup, 125 toothpaste. See Natural Mint Fried Plantain Greens, 89 basics, 10–11 Thai Basil Simple Syrup, 73 Hiker’s Rash Relief, 114 Boo-Boo Salve, 145 Violet Syrup, 177 Toothpaste, 64 introduction to, 86–88 Calendula Diaper Rash Tsohonis, Marci, 171 metric conversions, 188 T Tub Tea for Hemorrhoids and Plantain Field Poultice, 89 Salve, 37 Tabbouleh Salad, 61 Plantain Skin Care, 90 Chickweed and Plantain teas Itchy Butt, 19 Plantain Tea, 91 turmeric PMS Tea, 153 Balm, 135 basics, 13 Purple Basil Vinegar, 75 Comfrey Salve, 142 Bedtime Tea, 81 Go with the Flow for Men, Violet Leaf Salve, 178 Calendula Bath Tea, 36 107 R Salvia Fritta, 116 Cold Ease Tea, 18 raspberries saw palmetto Comfrey Fertilizer Tea, 144 metric conversions, 188 Go with the Flow for Men, Cup of Kindness Tea, 70 Berry Fruit Leather, 105 Double Mint Tea, 62 U Black Raspberry Pie, 106 107 Elder Tea Blend, 126 urination. See Go with the Go with the Flow for Men, metric conversions, 188 Passionflower Tea, 83 Schwartz, Maryanne, 65 Plantain Tea, 91 Flow for Men, 107 107 skin care PMS Tea, 153 introduction to, 102–104 Blossoms and Oatmeal Sage Tea, 113 V metric conversions, 188 Sleepy Tea, 54 valerian root PMS Tea, 153 Facial, 20 Sleepytime Tea, 83 Refreshing Chickweed Water, Boo-Boo Salve, 145 Thyme Tea, 161 metric conversions, 188 136 Calendula Bath Tea, 36 Tired Tootsies Tea, 65 Nighty-Night Elixir, 82 Reismiller, John, 174 Calendula Diaper Rash Tub Tea for Hemorrhoids violet relaxation Candied Violets, 176 Bath for Restful Sleep, 81 Salve, 37 and Itchy Butt, 19 introduction to, 174–175 Calm Candy, 80 Chickweed and Plantain Yarrow Tea, 21 metric conversions, 188 Chamomile Tincture, 52 Thai Basil Simple Syrup, 73 Nettle and Wild Violet Nighty-Night Elixir, 82 Balm, 135 thyme Rose and Lemon Gulkand, Comfrey and Aloe Lotion, First Sign of Cold Thyme Body Cream, 179 Rose Milk Bath, 97 96 143 Elixir, 161 Tub Tea for Hemorrhoids Sleepy Tea, 54 Comfrey Salve, 142 introduction to, 158–159 Sleepytime Tea, 83 Dandelion Flower-Infused Lavender Seasoning Mix, and Itchy Butt, 19 rose Violet Leaf Salve, 178 Blossoms and Oatmeal Oil, 150 46 Violet Syrup, 177 Facial Steam, 55 Lemon Thyme Shortbread Facial, 20 Ginger Mint Liniment, 187 W Calendula Bath Tea, 36 Hiker’s Rash Relief, 114 Cookies, 160 weight loss. See Refreshing Cup of Kindness Tea, 70 Nettle and Wild Violet metric conversions, 188 introduction to, 94–95 Thyme and Elderberry Chickweed Water, 136 metric conversions, 188 Body Cream, 179 wound care Rose and Lemon Gulkand, Plantain Field Poultice, 89 Oxymel, 163 Plantain Skin Care, 90 Thyme Oil, 162 Boo-Boo Salve, 145 96 Sunburn or Windburn Vin- Thyme Tea, 161 Plantain Field Poultice, 89 Rose and Vanilla Elixir, 99 Thyme Vinegar for the Tincture of Thyme, 162 Rose Beads, 98 egar, 45 Rose Milk Bath, 97 Tired Tootsies Tea, 65 Home, 162 Y Sunburn or Windburn Vin- Violet Leaf Salve, 178 Tincture of Thyme, 162 yarrow skullcap tinctures egar, 45 metric conversions, 188 basics, 12–13 Blossoms and Oatmeal Nighty-Night Elixir, 82 Chamomile Tincture, 52 Facial, 20 S Sleepy Tea, 54 Chickweed Tincture, 134 sage Sleepytime Tea, 83 Elderberry Extract/Tinc- Boo-Boo Salve, 145 Spicy Ginger Elixir, 184 Cold Ease Tea, 18 Fried Sage Leaves, 115 Spring Tonic Oxymel, 137 ture, 124 Hiker’s Rash Relief, 114 Hiker’s Rash Relief, 114 Steamed Nettle, 169 Nighty-Night Elixir, 82 introduction to, 16–17 introduction to, 110–112 stinging nettle. See nettle. Tincture of Thyme, 162 metric conversions, 188 metric conversions, 188 Sunburn or Windburn Vin- Tired Tootsies Tea, 65 Tub Tea for Hemorrhoids Sage Pesto, 117 egar, 45 sweet violet. See violet. and Itchy Butt, 19 Yarrow Tea, 21 ? @ 191 

80000=00=000C C000A=ck0now0led=gm0ent0s 008MANYTHANKStoBobSchwartzforusingallthe 00000 0===and taking so much weight off my shoulders. Especially, farm equipment to turn our visions into reality, and thank you for growing up around the scattered pages, keeping a clear path into the woods. You’re always there, the long hours of being on your own because of my ready to help. work, and your constant willingness to pitch in. You’ll Thanks to Elwin Warner for reminding me why I never know how proud I am to be your mom. do what I do whenever the urge to throw in the towel To the many herbalists and herb enthusiasts who strikes. For thirteen years of encouragement and loving have been a part of my education and passion for herbs shoves, thank you. over the years. There are too many to mention, but I’d To Maryanne Schwartz, the sister with whom I especially like to thank Susanna Reppert Brill for nearly apparently share a brain. You come along on all the thirty years of sage advice and encouragement. To all adventures, keep me from leaping out of moving cars of the herbalists who contributed recipes and remedies at the sight of unusual wildflowers, and make me think to these chapters—thank you, and thank you for your that I can accomplish things that seem impossible. friendship. Thank you Molly Sams, for stepping into my shoes 80000=00=000Cthis year, taking the herb courses, learning the business, Finally, to Esther Snyder. Thanks, Mom, for teaching us about . . . well, everything. C000A=bo0ut 0the A=u0tho0r 008TINA SAMSistheeditorofTheEssentialHerbalmag- and wild edibles are of vast interest to Tina, as well azine. After many years of running wholesale and retail as soapmaking, medicinal and culinary uses of herbs, herb businesses, she decided to pull together some of distilling essential oils and hydrosols, and various herb those resources and friends made during those careers crafts. Based in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, Tina into an herb magazine, with the goal of helping aspiring Sams lives and works with her daughter Molly on her herbalists connect and share information together. Cur- sister’s family tree farm, and can be reached through rently in its thirteenth year of publication, the magazine her website at www.essentialherbal.com. continues to educate and inspire. Wildcrafting herbs ? @ 192