ความเข้มข้นของสารละลาย

Freezing Point Depression 51 At what temperature will a 5.4 molal solution of NaCl freeze? Solution ∆TFP = Kf • m • i ∆TFP = (1.86 oC/molal) • 5.4 m • 2 ∆TFP = 20.1 oC FP = 0 – 20.1 = -20.1 oC

The Cleansing Action of Soap 52

Osmotic Pressure () 53 Osmosis is the selective passage of solvent molecules through a porous membrane from a dilute solution to a more concentrated one. A semipermeable membrane allows the passage of solvent molecules but blocks the passage of solute molecules. Osmotic pressure () is the pressure required to stop osmosis. dilute more concentrated สารละลาย ผสู้ อน: อ.ศราวุทธ แสงอไุ ร

Osmotic Pressure () 54 High Low P P  = MRT M is the molarity of the solution R is the gas constant T is theสาtรeละลmาย pผสู้ eอนr: อa.ศtรuาวทุ rธeแสง(อiุไnร K)

A cell in an: 55 isotonic hypotonic hypertonic solution solution solution

56 Chemistry In Action: Desalination สารละลาย ผสู้ อน: อ.ศราวทุ ธ แสงอไุ ร

A colloid is a dispersion of particles of one substance 57 throughout a dispersing medium of another substance. Colloid versus solution • collodial particles are much larger than solute molecules • collodial suspension is not as homogeneous as a solution

Colloids 58 • Tyndall Effect • Brownian motion

แหล่งอ้างอิง • Martin S. Silberberg, Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change, McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2004 • Raymond Chang, Chemistry, Williams College, McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2002