Compliant Learning Resources BSBWHS513 Lead WHS Risk Management

SAMPLE Factors limiting their effectiveness include: o Organisational behaviour (following procedures) o Language Literacy and Numeracy of employees o The format in which the SWS is printed o Competency of worker in understanding SWS 3.2.5 Personal Protective Equipment Personal protective equipment comes in many shapes and sizes and serves different purposes. Below are some common PPE used in construction work: PPE Used for Safety goggles are used where heat, dust, chemicals, or flying or falling objects, fragments, particles are present or may occur, such as welding, handling chemicals, woodworking or other tasks where it is generally dusty. Earmuffs are used where workers are exposed to excessive noise levels (e.g. equal or greater to 85 decibels), e.g. operating a jackhammer, chop saw, chain saw, hammer drill, etc. or working in the vicinity where these pieces of equipment are being used, plant operations, excavations, and demolitions, etc. Hard hats are used where there are risks of free- falling objects from roof scaffolding, poorly secured loads being lifted, dislodgement of rocks, soil, and bricks and when working at heights, such as excavation work, working within the construction site of a building, etc. Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 © Compliant Learning Resources Page 101

SAMPLE PPE Used for Safety boots are worn where there are risks of free-falling objects from dislodgement of bricks or rocks, dropping tools such as hammer, where work is conducted in slippery or unstable floors/platforms, where there are sharp objects on the ground, e.g. excavation works, plant operation, etc. High-visibility retro-reflective vests are worn in areas where workers are near any machinery plant/vehicles operate in, e.g. roadwork, paving, pedestrian control for ongoing construction work, etc. This is also used where construction work is undertaken during night-time or where there is a limited source of light, e.g. underground or excavation works. Safety harnesses are worn during working at heights, e.g. installation of roofing tiles, scaffolding, etc. Respirators are worn when doing work that involves the use of cement or cement-based products, leads, solvents, and gas-powered equipment, which emit carbon dioxide, and other substances that can cause harm to the body when inhaled. Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 Page 102 © Compliant Learning Resources

3.2.6 SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is one of the techniques that can be used to select risk controls. Each risk control option undergoes SWOT analysis. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of risk control options are identified. The outcomes of all SWOT analyses are then evaluated, and the best risk control option is selected. The SWOT analysis technique is limited in the sense that: ▪ It is only helpful in the initial step of the risk control selection. The outcomes of the SWOT analyses still need to be evaluated further. ▪ Can generate too many ideas but not help you select which risk control option is the best. ▪ If done through a brainstorming format, it can be further limited in the sense that: o Numerous ideas are generated, but not all are necessarily quality ideas. o The voice of the majority in the meeting may trump independent thinking or may hinder some people in raising their concerns about the suggested risk control options. SAMPLE Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 © Compliant Learning Resources Page 103

SWOT Analysis Template SWOT analysis template is used to document the SWOT analysis. The template is divided into four quadrants. These quadrants are completed by recording the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the risk control options. The SWOT analysis technique is limited in the sense that: SWOT analysis template is limited in the sense that: ▪ The template (and the analysis) is divided into very broad categories. There are factors in the risk control selection that are potentially too complex to be categorised into the four quadrants ▪ The SWOT analysis technique is inherently limited in the sense that: o It is only helpful in the initial step of the risk control selection. The outcomes of the SWOT analyses still need to be evaluated further. o Can generate too many ideas but not help you select which risk control option is the best. SWOT ANALYSIS SAMPLE Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 Page 104 © Compliant Learning Resources

3.3 Plan to Implement Selected Risk Controls According to Organisation’s WHS Management System (WHSMS) and WHS Information System (WHSIS) Selecting the most appropriate risk treatment option, in general, involves balancing the efforts and costs of implementation to the benefits derived with regard to regulatory, legal and other requirements, however, Standards Australia suggests that (Standards Australia 2009): “Risk which can warrant risk treatment is a decision that should take into account that it’s no justifiable on ergonomic grounds, e.g. severe (high negative consequence) but a rare (low likelihood) risks.” This is important within the WHS domain; while an assessment of a severe but rare event associated with a physical asset such as a machine or a financial resource such as an investment may not warrant a high-cost treatment, a severe injury is typically permanently disabling or even fatal and as such cost considerations may have to be overridden. The risk management policy within the WHSMS is very important in guiding decisions regarding risk control. While such policies often refer to a hierarchy of controls, it is very common to consider a number of treatment options and apply these either individually, or in combination, i.e. a hierarchy of controls does not represent a mutually exclusive list of options. Having decided what controls will be adopted for the identified hazard(s) (in accord with the hierarchy of controls), there needs to be a plan for implementation. This plan is often written to make a record, to track progress and identify those responsible and accountable for the control actions. The plan is also part of the consultation process that informs people of the outcome of the risk management process. To prepare the risk control action plan, the process must be broken down into sequential steps with the actions for each step listed. The steps will cover: SAMPLE Planning Implementation Evaluating While evaluating is addressed in the next element, it is useful to think ahead now as to how you will measure effectiveness and what processes need to be put in place to allow for evaluation of implemented risk controls. A plan for risk control is essential for the systematic and effective introduction of risk control actions; it is also a legal defence if an incident or accident was to arise, that you had a plan in place and have been working towards a target. Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 © Compliant Learning Resources Page 105

Ensure to compare the levels of risk control hierarchy when determining target dates to a time frame. The risk control action plan should include: ▪ actions required for the risk controls to be effective ▪ responsibility for actions (by name AND position) ▪ the target date for completion ▪ expected outcome ▪ budgets. SAMPLE Further Reading Awesome Landscapes is a simulated landscaping solutions service provider. Their WHSMS framework can be accessed below: Awesome Landscapes: BSBWHS513 Documents (username: newusername password: newpassword) 3.3.1 Risk Treatment Plans As a result of the brainstorming, there is the basis of an action plan. You should write up the action plan for review and confirmation at the next meeting of the working party. The start of the action plan may look like the example below: Owner Steps to take Timeframes Measure of success Business a. Refer to the organisation’s 26 Apr 20xx The possibility of Officer, Work chemical hazard identification exposure to Safety Officer strategy hazardous chemicals has been b. Check the critical safety reduced system for the status of the identified chemical Hazardous chemicals have c. Adjust the critical safety been removed system based on the status of from the the identified chemical workplace. d. Provide the proper measures based on the stability of the critical safety system Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 Page 106 © Compliant Learning Resources

3.3.2 Training Needs of People Implementing the Risk Treatment Plan The next meeting of the working party confirms the action plan. You then refer them to the item on ‘Knowledge and competency’ and introduce the members of the working party to a training needs analysis. Using a brain-storming approach again, the group identifies the key groups of people, their roles and the required knowledge, skills and behavioural requirements. When implementing a risk treatment plan, note that control measures that you put into operation will most likely require changes to how work tasks are to be carried out. It may also involve changes due to new or modified equipment or processes, new or different chemicals or new personal protective equipment. You can assist your organisation in adapting to these changes and support the implementation of control measures by: ▪ Developing safe work procedure: describing the task and how the task is to be performed to minimise the risks and identifying the hazards and documents. ▪ Assisting in training of workers: ensuring that they are able to demonstrate that they can perform the task safely. ▪ Providing information and instructions: to others who enter the workplace, such as customers or visitors. ▪ Advising management of the level of supervision required: depending on the level of risk and the experience of the workers involved. SAMPLE Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 © Compliant Learning Resources Page 107

SAMPLE3.4 Implement Selected Risk Controls According to Organisational Policies and Procedures In many workplaces, a trade-off between the cost of implementing the risk control and the benefit achieved will be a factor in deciding the priority of the interventions. The timeframe for implementation is also an important factor in developing the plan for the risk control package. Where possible, the ‘safe place’ controls should be implemented as the first priority. But if it will take six months to implement the preferred control, it is not acceptable to continue with an unsafe system of work while waiting. What actions could be taken in the short-term to mitigate the risk? Short-term may be a few days to a few months, but care should be taken that ‘short-term’ measures do not become long-term. This is where we return to the hierarchy of control. Administrative controls and PPE can be implemented quickly to reduce the risk while the preferred controls are put in place. The administrative controls and PPE may then become unnecessary, or they may provide back- up. Further details of these principles are provided in SafeWork Australia How to manage work health and safety risks (SafeWork Australia 2011). Throughout the process of risk treatment, remember that workers and their representatives have a legal right to information on health and safety in the workplace and to be consulted during decision-making about matters that may impact on their health and safety. There is also an obligation to provide workers with any information they require in order to do their job safely. Therefore, there is a need to communicate with stakeholders and key personnel the outcomes of the hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control processes using a readily understandable and accessible format. Before controls are chosen, all stakeholders should be consulted. Everyone should contribute to ideas about what can be done to reduce the risk of injury or damage. To implement the controls, the workplace must communicate proposed controls to the affected employees of team members; this can be done through training, staff notices or circulating Standard Operating Procedures documents. In some case, the prevention might be easy such a rectification on the handling of heavy items, other times prevention might require the workplace to employ a consultant to advise on controlling dangerous situations Before implementing risk controls, ensure you assess the potential effectiveness and possible consequences, it is possible that the control might make the risk worse if the associated activities are not considered. You should also determine realistic and acceptable timeframes for implementing controls, as well as designing a monitoring and evaluation register to ensure the controls are working as required. Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 Page 108 © Compliant Learning Resources

3.5 Document and Communicate Selected Risk Controls to Required Personnel, According to Organisational and Legislative Requirements As mentioned earlier, a risk control plan is needed to set out how all the risks in the workplace will be controlled. It may be necessary to provide training involving the plan and ensure that you provide adequate resources, including the time to complete the plan. The risk control plan will contain useful information, such as: SAMPLE Description of Controls Intermediate Completion the hazard already in place action to date to control control the risk risk Other control Person measures responsible needed Further Reading Awesome Landscapes is a simulated landscaping solutions service provider. Their WHS risk management policies and procedures can be accessed below: Awesome Landscapes: BSBWHS513 Documents (username: newusername password: newpassword) Checkpoint! Let’s review 1. Risk control strategies should focus on “safe place” and “control of hazards at source” rather than “safe person”. These principles underpin the hierarchy of controls. 2. The hierarchy of controls gives the priority order in which hazard and risk controls should be considered with the eventual outcome, often being a combination of measures. 3. In addition to using the hierarchy of control as a guide when deciding upon controls, other factors to include whether the law is satisfied, the controls meet or exceed industry standards, and the controls take account of currently available knowledge. 4. Consultation is essential and valuable. Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 © Compliant Learning Resources Page 109

Activity 3 1. Explain what is involved in the following steps involved in the control of risk. Develop options for risk control: Evaluate options to select appropriate options for control: Contribute to the implementation of control: To view the answers to this activity, click here. SAMPLE Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 Page 110 © Compliant Learning Resources

IV. Evaluate Effectiveness of WHS Risk Management Process Ongoing monitoring and review are essential to ensure that the management process remains relevant, and as such, they should be a planned part of the risk management process (Standards Australia 2004a & 2009). SAMPLE 4.1 Establish Nature and Scope of Evaluation Process and Key Performance Indicators Monitoring of actual performance and comparing this with expected or required performance will become integral and also essential as part of risk management and is one of the most important steps to the risk management process. Monitoring focuses on the success of the strategies and management systems used to implement risk treatments as well as the risk management plan and system as a whole. (Standards Australia, 2004). Progress against risk treatment plans will provide performance measures that are important and also incorporated into performance reporting and measurement. Processes should be monitored and be dynamic and continuous. It will not be sufficient to rely on third-party reviews and audits. This monitoring and evaluation are not only a practical requirement of a systematic approach, but it is also a logical consequence of the common law duty of care and WHS legislation, which requires that the employer ‘provide and maintain a working environment that is safe’. Monitoring should be continuous and dynamic, with ongoing routine surveillance of outcomes compared with expected performance, supported by periodic, focused review. Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 © Compliant Learning Resources Page 111

SAMPLETo measure, monitor and evaluate WHS performance requires information on the current status or performance of the management approach. Information may be obtained from: ▪ inspection of the work area, equipment, and hazardous processes and work practices ▪ testing and monitoring for specific hazards ▪ review of documents such as minutes of meetings and reports ▪ investigation of occurrences for future prevention ▪ comparison of trend data and other information against performance measures ▪ formal and informal communication processes ▪ auditing of the WHS management processes To evaluate, you will need to refer to the WHMS and ensure that they include the main key components of Health and Safety. The key components are: ▪ A safety plan ▪ Policies, procedures, and processes ▪ Training and induction ▪ Monitoring ▪ Supervision ▪ Reporting Further Reading For more information, read ‘six elements of an effective safety management system’ available at: https://www.healthandsafetyhandbook.com.au/6-elements-of- an-effective-safety-management-system/ Awesome Landscapes is a simulated landscaping solutions service provider. Their WHSMS framework, which details their WHS KPIs, can be accessed through the link below Awesome Landscapes: BSBWHS513 Documents (username: newusername password: newpassword) Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 Page 112 © Compliant Learning Resources

4.2 Review Effectiveness of Implemented Risk Management Process According to the Organisation’s WHSMS and Legislative Requirements It is essential for an ongoing review to ensure that a risk management plan remains relevant. Remember that all workplaces are continually changing in some way and that factors that affect the likelihood of an event and the consequences may change. Similarly, the factors that affect the suitability or cost of the treatment options will change. As discussed earlier, there are internal and external influences on the risk management process, including legislative changes; standards changes; production method changes; personnel changes; etc. Remember that change may be gradual or sudden. Therefore, monitoring and review processes should encompass all aspects of the risk management process: ensure that risk controls are effective and efficient improve risk assessment learn from events (including near-misses), failures and success detect a change to the internal and external of the context identify emerging risks progress risk treatment plans; and manage and measure performance. SAMPLE The review may involve: ▪ internal or external audits of the process ▪ evaluation against pre-determined performance criteria ▪ qualitative feedback from stakeholders, key personnel and WHS and risk management advisers. To ensure that monitoring and review are undertaken, responsibilities should be clearly defined. Reviewing is a management responsibility, but there should be input from all areas and all levels of the organisation; reference to the discussion about will assist with the identification of stakeholders. You should also consider the role of audits in providing information for the evaluation of the WHS management process, with a comment on performance measures and their impact on the nature of the information collected. Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 © Compliant Learning Resources Page 113

SAMPLEInternal and external audits are one of the most frequently used sources of information for evaluating the management of WHS. However, they have significant limitations of which the WHS practitioner should be aware. AS/NZS 4804 (Standards Australia, 2001b) states that audits are necessary to: ‘determine whether the system (including the organisation’s policy, objectives and targets, management program, operational controls and audit program), has been properly implemented and maintained and whether the organisation has met the performance objectives set within its OHS policy.’ (Source: Standards Australia, 2001b) Work Health and Safety Management Systems (WHSMS) A workplace health and safety management system (WHSMS) is generally implemented in the organisation, instituted by Person Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBU), in order to minimise the risk of injury and illness arising from the organisation’s business/undertaking’s operations and activities. The WHSMS is implemented to help the PCBU fulfil their duties under the WHS legislation. Through the WHSMS, organisations adopt a systematic approach to: ▪ Identification of hazards ▪ Assessment of risks ▪ Control of risks. ▪ Assigning responsibilities and accountabilities to personnel in risk management. The WHSMS does this through: ▪ Documented policies and procedures on different aspects of risk management: o Identification of hazards o Assessment of risks o Control of risks. ▪ Documented safe systems of work (set of procedures outlining how a workplace task must be carried out) ▪ Documentation for: o Hazards identified o Communication sent out to employees notifying them about the hazards o Risks identified with the hazards Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 Page 114 © Compliant Learning Resources

o How risks were controlled o Regular review of risk controls for its effectiveness. ▪ Training and supervision of staff, e.g. training them on the safe systems of work or safety officers undertaking the required training. Below are key components of Work Health and Safety Management Systems (WHSMS: SAMPLE WHSMS Component How organisations implement risk management implemented through this WHSMS component Policies and Organisations develop and implement policies and procedures procedures that outline organisational requirements for risk management, how different risk management activities (such as hazard identification, risk assessment, risk control) are to be undertaken, and who have responsibilities in risk management. Safe systems of To ensure that work tasks and overall organisational operations work are conducted safely, safe systems of work are documented and established for different workplace tasks in the organisation. For example, in all tasks involving the use of chainsaws, a safe system of work is established for the use of chainsaws. This safe system of work outlines all the steps that workers must perform for the safe operation of the chainsaw as well as safety reminders (do’s and don’ts) when operating chainsaws. Training and As part of the organisation’s risk management efforts, they induction organise and deliver safety training and induction to its employees. Safety training and induction includes: ▪ HSR training for Health and Safety Representatives as required by the state/territory WHS regulator ▪ First aid training for people who will be appointed as the organisation’s first aider. Licensing of workers, e.g. high-risk license, or licenses required to operate some construction equipment and plant. Consultation and Organisations must have consultation and communication communication mechanisms in place as part of their risk management. These include consultation with workers to help identify hazards in the workplace, communication or notification of hazards identified, consultation with workers to help in the assessment of risks, etc. Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 © Compliant Learning Resources Page 115

Below are different WHS risk management data and information that are involved in the key components of WHSMS. SAMPLE WHSMS Component WHS Risk Management WHS Risk Management i. Policies and Data Information procedures E.g. E.g. ii. Consultation and ▪ WHS legislative Organisation’s policy and communication requirements procedures on risk management and (the iii. Training and ▪ WHS regulatory organisation’s induction requirements interpretation/application of the WHS legislative and ▪ Provisions from the regulatory requirements) WHS Act E.g. E.g. ▪ Safety survey ▪ Summary of results hazards and incidents arising ▪ Hazards reported from these hazards through over a period of consultation time. ▪ The number of ▪ What the incidents that organisation is occurred over a doing to address period of time. these hazards and to reduce the number of incidents. E.g. E.g. ▪ Data from safety ▪ Safety induction training logs pack ▪ Dates and ▪ Content of training frequency of safety materials used in training conducted these safety training. Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 Page 116 © Compliant Learning Resources

4.2.1 Performance Measures Performance indicators are necessary to provide information on what is happening. Performance measures may be outcome-based (rate of injury) or input-based (number of workplace inspections). Outcome-based measures are also called negative or lag indicators while input measures, or process drivers, are also called positive or lead indicators. Good performance indicators must be: ▪ controllable ▪ measurable ▪ provide reliable results when measurements are repeated over time and by different persons ▪ understandable and clear to all who need to use the information ▪ accepted as true indicators of good performance. Performance measures for the WHS, risk management program, need to take account of the fact that the least serious occurrences are more frequent while high consequence occurrences usually happen rarely. Further Reading Awesome Landscapes is a simulated landscaping solutions service provider. Their WHS risk management policies and procedures can be accessed below: Awesome Landscapes: BSBWHS513 Documents (username: newusername password: newpassword) SAMPLE Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 © Compliant Learning Resources Page 117

4.3 Modify Risk Management Process as Required in Response to Evaluation Internal review and monitoring of the effectiveness of the management of WHS should be ongoing with scheduled focused activities occurring on a monthly, quarterly and annual basis. These activities should address areas such as: achievement of action plans; review of the outcomes of inspections and internal audits; trend analysis of data; and achievement against internal and external performance measures. However, it is important that an independent, external view of the effectiveness of the management processes is also obtained. This is necessary for three main reasons: to provide ‘fresh eyes’; to obtain specialist input; and to place the practices and performance of the organisation in the wider industrial context. SAMPLE The frequency and scope of the external review will depend on the nature of the hazards and level of risk, the complexity of organisation and management commitment to WHS. The concept of continual improvement is part of any systematic approach to modifying risk management. It requires ongoing evaluation of policies, objectives, targets and the achievement of management plans. It requires identification of any system deficiencies and the root causes of non-conformances. The review should be broad enough in scope to address the WHS implications of all activities of the organisation, including their impact on the performance of the organisation. This process is a management responsibility, but there should be input from all areas and all levels of the organisation. Monitoring should also include identifying areas for further improvement. The processes outlined above will result in areas for improvement being identified. The next step is to document and plan for action to implement the improvements. Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 Page 118 © Compliant Learning Resources

4.4 Document Risk Management Process according to WHSIS Requirements Each stage of the risk management process should be recorded to (Standards Australia 2004a): ▪ demonstrate that the process has been properly conducted to the stakeholders ▪ ensure to provide evidence of an approach that is systematic to analysis and risk identification ▪ enable decisions or processes to be reviewed ▪ provide a record of risk and to develop a database of knowledge to the organisation ▪ decisions makers to provide risk management approval for plans and subsequent implementation ▪ facilitate continuing monitoring and review ▪ provide information that can be used in an audit process (“an audit trail”) ▪ share and communicate information. Although, in some cases, legislative requirements might dictate the nature and extent of records, in most cases, risk management need not impose another layer of paperwork. In general, risk management decisions and processes should be documented to the extent that is dictated by the circumstances. A risk management activity of low consequence can be documented by a diary note and or a brief file on record. On the other hand, a risk assessment of a complex process might require a detailed report. SAMPLE Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 © Compliant Learning Resources Page 119

It is common for organisations to develop a risk register for each risk identified. It generally includes: ▪ a risk and a description of its impacts and its causes ▪ outlining the existing controls ▪ assessment of the consequences of a risk, likelihood of consequence occurring, and should it occur, given the controls (thus the adequacy of current controls) ▪ a risk rating ▪ an overall priority for the risk. The register is often linked to or integrates a risk treatment schedule and action plan. It usually lists: ▪ the actions to be taken and the risks they address ▪ who has responsibility for implementing the plan ▪ what resources are to be utilised ▪ the budget allocation ▪ the timetable for implementation and status ▪ details of the mechanism and frequency of review. SAMPLE Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 Page 120 © Compliant Learning Resources

SAMPLE4.5 Communicate Evaluation Findings According to Organisational Requirements As mentioned earlier in this Learner Guide, stakeholders may vary depending on the type and size of the organisation, generally include employees and management, and other stakeholders may include health and safety or employee representatives, safety committee, supervisors or external stakeholders. Communicating evaluation findings is not only writing a report or developing an action plan. The practitioner may also be required to make a presentation to management, the WHS committee or a working party to explain the recommendations, options for action and answer queries. Continuous improvement is achieved by applying an ongoing process of planning, doing (implementing the plans), checking the implementation of the plans and their effect, and then taking further action. This process is frequently referred to as the Plan Do Check Act (PDCA) cycle. This continuous improvement process, as applied in a systematic approach to managing WHS, involves establishing WHS policy and management commitment, formulating management plans, implementing the plans through appropriate structures, responsibilities and resources, measuring and evaluating the effect of the planning and implementation to achieve continuously improving and effective management of WHS. Checkpoint! Let’s review 1. Risk management involves monitoring actual performance and comparing this with the expected or required performance. 2. Monitoring focuses on the success of the strategies and management systems used to implement risk treatments as well as the risk management plan and system as a whole. 3. Audits are used as a tool in a review. 4. Performance indicators provide information on what is happening and maybe outcome-based (negative or lag indicators) or input-based (positive or lead indicators). 5. Each stage of the risk management process should be recorded. Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 © Compliant Learning Resources Page 121

Activity 4 1. To measure, monitor and evaluate WHS performance requires information on the current status or performance of the management approach. What sort of information can be obtained? 2. List what sort of things involve a review. SAMPLE Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 Page 122 © Compliant Learning Resources

3. Briefly explain what performance indicators in WHS context are. SAMPLE4. Briefly explain why and external review of WHS management processes may be necessary. Learner Guide To view the answers to this activity, click here. © Compliant Learning Resources Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 Page 123

Answers to Activities Activity 1 1. List some of the internal sources of information for WHS. ▪ Incident, hazard, and injury reports ▪ Reports of investigation ▪ Inspections in the workplace ▪ Records of maintenance ▪ Meetings, the time allowed ▪ Risk assessments and Job Safety Analyses (JSA) ▪ Safe work method statements and procedures, including standard operating procedures (SOPs) ▪ Audits and reports ▪ Personnel records and sick leave ▪ Insurance records, enforcement notices and actions, workers’ compensation data ▪ Trend analyses of incident and injury reports and WHS performance data ▪ Safety Data Sheets for Hazardous Chemicals and chemical registers ▪ Manufacturers’ manuals and specifications ▪ Employee handbooks SAMPLE Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 Page 124 © Compliant Learning Resources

SAMPLE2. List some of the external sources of information for WHS. ▪ Safe Work Australia: where you will find WHS legislation including the WHS Act, regulations other relevant legislation ▪ WHS regulatory authorities and their publications including codes of practice, guidance material, safety alerts ▪ Australian and International standards ▪ Industry networks and associations including unions and employer groups ▪ Safe Work Australia developed guidance material ▪ WHS specialist consultants ▪ Workers compensation insurance agents ▪ Relevant internet sites ▪ WHS professional bodies ▪ Research journals. 3. List some of the obligations of the PCBU under the legislation. ▪ safe premises ▪ safe machinery and materials ▪ safe systems of work ▪ adequate information, instruction, ▪ training and supervision ▪ a suitable working environment and facilities. Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 © Compliant Learning Resources Page 125

4. List some of the duties of the PCBU under the legislation. ▪ Ensure the health and safety of your workers in the workplace. ▪ Ensure the health and safety of others in your workplace. ▪ Provide and maintain a work environment free of risk to anyone’s health and safety. ▪ Provide and maintain safe plant and structures. ▪ Provide and maintain safe systems of work. ▪ Ensure the safe use, handling and storage of plant. ▪ Provide adequate facilities for the welfare of your workers. ▪ Provide information, training, instruction and supervision. ▪ Monitor the health of your workers and the conditions of your workplace. ▪ Maintain any accommodation that you make available to a worker for the purposes of carrying out their duties. SAMPLE Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 Page 126 © Compliant Learning Resources

SAMPLEActivity 2 1. List and explain the four steps of the risk management process. Step 1: Identify Hazards Step 2 Assess Risks Step 3 Control Risks Step 4 Review of Control Measures 2. List which documents are used to report on WHS. hazard/incident/injury/near-miss reports, workplace inspections and investigation reports 3. List and explain in which ways you can communicate outcomes of risk assessment to personnel. Work procedures Ensuring that a safe work procedure is developed that describes the task and can identify the hazards and documents to how a task is performed, including to minimise risk. Training You must provide training for workers on the work procedure to ensure that they are able to perform the task safely. Training often requires workers to demonstrate that they are competent in performing the task as per the procedure. You must ensure that the training is understood by all workers. Supervision How much supervision is required will depend on the level of risk and the experience of the workers? Substantial of supervision would be necessary for inexperienced workers that are expected to follow new procedures or carry out difficult and critical tasks. Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 © Compliant Learning Resources Page 127

Activity 3 1. Explain what is involved in the following steps involved in the control of risk. Develop options for risk control: ▪ review workplace information ▪ apply knowledge of OHS legislation and standards ▪ apply the hierarchy of control ▪ seek input from stakeholders and key personnel ▪ obtain specialist advice as required. Evaluate options to select appropriate options for control: ▪ review the outcomes of risk assessments ▪ identify factors that may limit effectiveness ▪ involve stakeholders and key personnel. Contribute to the implementation of control: ▪ seek appropriate authority and resources ▪ document actions required to achieve change ▪ consult and involve stakeholders to implement change. SAMPLE Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 Page 128 © Compliant Learning Resources

Activity 4 1. To measure, monitor and evaluate WHS performance requires information on the current status or performance of the management approach. What sort of information can be obtained? ▪ inspection of the work area, equipment, and hazardous processes and work practices ▪ testing and monitoring for specific hazards ▪ review of documents such as minutes of meetings and reports ▪ investigation of occurrences for future prevention ▪ comparison of trend data and other information against performance measures ▪ formal and informal communication processes ▪ auditing of the WHS management processes 2. List what sort of things involve a review. ▪ Internal or external audits of the process ▪ evaluation against pre-determined performance criteria ▪ qualitative feedback from stakeholders, key personnel and WHS and risk management advisers. SAMPLE Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 © Compliant Learning Resources Page 129

SAMPLE3. Briefly explain what performance indicators in WHS context are. Performance indicators are necessary to provide information on what is happening. Performance measures may be outcome-based (rate of injury) or input-based (number of workplace inspections). Outcome-based measures are also called negative or lag indicators while input measures, or process drivers, are also called positive or lead indicators. Good performance indicators must be: ▪ controllable ▪ measurable ▪ provide reliable results when measurements are repeated over time and by different persons ▪ understandable and clear to all who need to use the information ▪ accepted as true indicators of good performance. 4. Briefly explain why and external review of WHS management processes may be necessary. ▪ To provide ‘fresh eyes’. ▪ To obtain specialist input, and ▪ to place the practices and performance of the organisation in the wider industrial context. Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 Page 130 © Compliant Learning Resources

References Training.gov https://training.gov.au/Training/Details/BSBWHS513 Model WHS Laws. Retrieved from Safe Work Australia: https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/law-and-regulation/model-whs-laws Work Health and Safety Codes of Practice 2011. Retrieved from Federal Register of Legislation: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2011L02804 Model Code of Practice: How to manage work health and safety risks. Retrieved from Safe Work Australia. https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/book/model-code-practice- how-manage-work-health-and-safety-risks#2-step-1how-to-identify-hazards Model Code of Practice: Managing risks of plant in the workplace. Retrieved from Safe Work Australia. https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/doc/model-code-practice- managing-risks-plant-workplace A guide to risk control plans. Retrieved from: Work Safe Victoria. https://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/resources/guide-risk-control-plans End of Document SAMPLE Learner Guide Version 1.0 Produced 10 April 2020 © Compliant Learning Resources Page 131