Dentists practice a variety of clinical procedures to improve oral health. They also diagnose and treat dental conditions, including gum disease, gummy smiles, and tooth decay. Currently, there are nine specialties of dentistry. Advances in dentistry include the use of genetic engineering, salivary diagnostics, and the continued development of materials and techniques. To keep up with the ever-changing field, dentists attend continuing education courses. These programs are designed to teach the latest techniques and materials for use in dental practice.