Maxim Book 7_Sunil_2075_final

REVISED AND ENLARGED MA IM OF ENanGdLCISoHmGpRoAsiMtiMonAR A Basic Skills Course in English Grammar and Composition 7Book Editor/writers D N Mukhiya Sarah Matchett Anand Arora

Published by: TU Road, Kuleshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal Phone: 4672071, 5187211, 5187226 Fax: 00977-1-4672073 e-mail: [email protected] www.readmorenp.com © Copyright, Publisher 2073 BS First Edition : 2066 BS Revised and Enlarged : 2072 BS Reprint : 2073 BS Reprint : 2074 BS Revised and Enlarged : 2075 BS Readmore always welcomes constructive suggestions regarding its textbooks. Layout: Readmore Desktop Printed in Nepal You can exchange our textbooks from your nearest book distributor if any technical errors are found. Read to help others read! We are pleased to inform that a certain amount from each book is allocated to the Readmore Charity Fund. The fund is provided to the deserving and needy students all over Nepal. The charity always welcomes co-operation and support from all well wishers and agencies.

Preface First Edition 2066 BS MA IM of English Grammar and Composition has been designed to give students systematic guidance on grammatical concepts and various functional contexts following the appropriateness of both inductive and deductive approaches. The series has sound coverage of all grammar topics, supported by grammar notes, language notes, vocabulary activities, writing composition skills and reading comprehension techniques for developing the four skills (Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing) of the English language. The grammatical activities in the series represent a blend of both functional and traditional approaches of teaching English grammar. The activities based on functional grammar are meant to improve communicative competence of students by showing them how texts work in real life situations and how grammar works in the context of different text types. On the other hand, traditional approach to English grammar serves to provide students with the terminology and rules needed to talk about grammar; and help them deal with the terms and typical questions of grammar in various English language tests. The exercises are designed to help students understand grammatical concepts in functional context reinforcing the learning of English in the classroom. Many of the exercises incorporate learner-centered activities that include various learning materials and help students get ample practice in applying grammatical concepts in real-life oral and written English. We are really grateful to all the teachers and students of government and private schools who helped us in piloting the series. We feel privileged to extend our sincere thanks to the publisher who thought of publishing this series, and more importantly we are thankful to D N Mukhiya, who revised and edited the series in accordance with the English curriculum of Nepal, following a new approach to the teaching of current English usage. Any constructive suggestions for the betterment of the series will always be welcomed. Authors Revised and Enlarged Edition 2075 BS We are pleased to publish the revised and enlarged edition of the Maxim of English Grammar and Composition series (Revised and Enlarged). The series has long been one of the best and most representative of all English Grammar books in Nepal, and has continually been enjoyed by English teachers, students and parents since its original publication in 2066 BS. This new edition selectively excludes and includes grammar topics and exercises, makes necessary corrections, and adds colourful illustrations to make the series more classroom friendly and purposeful. We acknowledge with appreciation the assistance of all the teachers and experts who have given their valuable suggestions for the revision of the series. D N Mukhiya

Contents 1. Nouns 5 7. Transformation 93 Affirmative, Negative, Interrogative 94 Characteristics of Nouns 6 Test Yourself 97 8. Question Tags 100 Proper, Common, Collective and Abstract 8 Formation of Tags 101 Test Yourself 104 Countable and Uncountable 11 9. WH Question 106 Formation of WH Questions 107 Plural Nouns 12 Test Yourself 110 Vocabulary Practice 113 Apostrophe 14 Grammar in Context 114 Guided Composition 115 Quantifiers 16 10. Tense 116 Types of Tenses 117 Test Yourself 17 Present Tense 121 Past Tense 123 Vocabulary Practice 20 Future Tense 125 Test Yourself 127 Grammar in Context 22 11. Active and Passive 130 Formation of Active and Passive 131 Guided Composition 24 Test Yourself 136 Vocabulary Practice 139 2. Articles 25 Grammar in Context 141 Guided Composition 142 Indefinite 27 12. Prepositions 143 Uses of Prepositions 144 Definite 29 Test Yourself 154 13. Reported Speech 157 Test Yourself 33 Direct and Indirect 158 Test Yourself 163 3. Pronouns 37 Vocabulary Practice 165 Grammar in Context 167 Types of Pronouns 38 Guided Composition 168 14. Relative Clause 169 Personal Pronouns 39 Uses of Relative Clause 170 Test Yourself 171 Uses of Some Other Pronouns 42 15. Conjunctions 173 Uses of Conjunctions 175 Test Yourself 43 Test Yourself 176 Vocabulary Practice 179 Vocabulary Practice 47 Grammar in Context 185 Guided Composition 186 Grammar in Context 49 Guided Composition 50 4. Adjectives 51 Types of Adjectives 52 Degrees of Adjectives 54 Test Yourself 56 5. Adverbs 60 Types of Adverbs 61 Test Yourself 65 Vocabulary Practice 68 Grammar in Context 72 Guided Composition 73 6. Verbs 74 Types of Verbs 75 Forms of Main Verbs 76 Main Verbs and Auxiliary Verbs 78 Causative Verbs 79 Verb Agreement with Subject 80 Test Yourself 85 Vocabulary Practice 90 Grammar in Context 91 Guided Composition 92

Read the story. 1Nouns There were a very few families in the village Rodhinagar, and most of them lived in poverty. The poorest of all was Rajiya, who had a son Mikha. She always worried about his education. Once Rajiya wanted to go to a neighbouring village to find her lost cow. She called her cow Rani. She took the whistle with her that she used to call Rani all the time. On the way, Rajiya saw a gang of robbers coming along the path, with a bag full of money. Rajiya was frightened. She climbed up a nearby tree to wait for the robbers to go by. But the robbers stopped underneath the tree and began to count their money. The leader of the robbers counted out the money for each man, saying: “This is for you, and this is for you, and this is for you.” While Rajiya was on the tree, she saw her cow passing nearby. She couldn’t hold herself and blew the whistle. “The police are following us!” shouted one of the robbers. They were so frightened that all the robbers ran away leaving the money behind. Rajiya climbed down the tree, picked up the money and gave it to the police. The police praised her for her honesty and rewarded her with some money that she used for Mikha’s education. In the above text, the words like Rodhinagar, poverty, Rajiya, Mikha, education, village, Rani, cow, robbers, money, tree, police, etc are nouns. Nouns are names of people, places, animals, things, abstract notions, and groups of each. People : Rajiya, Mikha, Rani, man, boy, girl, woman, friend, ... Places : Rodhinagar, Nepal, Kathmandu, village, country, river,... Animals : Rani, cow, bull, dog, parrot, tiger,... Things : money, book, pen, whistle,... Abstract notions : poverty, education, honesty, democracy, intelligence, ... Groups of each : gang, family, class, army, crowd, ... 5Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Seven