Maxim Grammar Book 1_Sunil 2075_Final

REVISED AND ENLARGED MA IM OF ENanGdLCISoHmGpRoAsiMtiMonAR A Basic Skills Course in English Grammar and Composition 1Book Editor/writers D N Mukhiya Sarah Matchett Anand Arora

Published by: TU Road, Kuleshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal Phone: 4672071, 5187211, 5187226 Fax: 00977-1-4672073 e-mail: [email protected] www.readmorenp.com © Copyright, Publisher 2073 BS First Edition : 2066 BS Revised and Enlarged : 2072 BS Reprint : 2073, 2074 BS Revised and Enlarged : 2075 BS Reprint : 2076, 2077 BS Reprint : 2078 BS Readmore always welcomes constructive suggestions regarding its textbooks. Layout: Readmore Desktop Printed in Nepal You can exchange our textbooks from your nearest book distributor if any technical errors are found. Read to help others read! We are pleased to inform that a certain amount from each book is allocated to the Readmore Charity Fund. The fund is provided to the deserving and needy students all over Nepal. The charity always welcomes co-operation and support from all well wishers and agencies.

Preface First Edition 2066 BS MA IM of English Grammar and Composition has been designed to give students systematic guidance on grammatical concepts and various functional contexts following the appropriateness of both inductive and deductive approaches. The series has sound coverage of all grammar topics, supported by grammar notes, language notes, vocabulary activities, writing composition skills and reading comprehension techniques for developing the four skills (Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing) of the English language. The grammatical activities in the series represent a blend of both functional and traditional approaches of teaching English grammar. The activities based on functional grammar are meant to improve communicative competence of students by showing them how texts work in real life situations and how grammar works in the context of different text types. On the other hand, traditional approach to English grammar serves to provide students with the terminology and rules needed to talk about grammar; and help them deal with the terms and typical questions of grammar in various English language tests. The exercises are designed to help students understand grammatical concepts in functional context reinforcing the learning of English in the classroom. Many of the exercises incorporate learner-centered activities that include various learning materials and help students get ample practice in applying grammatical concepts in real-life oral and written English. We are really grateful to all the teachers and students of government and private schools who helped us in piloting the series. We feel privileged to extend our sincere thanks to the publisher who thought of publishing this series, and more importantly we are thankful to D N Mukhiya, who revised and edited the series in accordance with the English curriculum of Nepal, following a new approach to the teaching of current English usage. Any constructive suggestions for the betterment of the series will always be welcomed. Authors Revised and Enlarged Edition 2075 BS We are pleased to publish the revised and enlarged edition of the Maxim of English Grammar and Composition series (Revised and Enlarged). The series has long been one of the best and most representative of all English Grammar books in Nepal, and has continually been enjoyed by English teachers, students and parents since its original publication in 2066 BS. This new edition selectively excludes and includes grammar topics and exercises, makes necessary corrections, and adds colourful illustrations to make the series more classroom friendly and purposeful. We acknowledge with appreciation the assistance of all the teachers and experts who have given their valuable suggestions for the revision of the series. D N Mukhiya

Contents Unit Page Grammar Unit 1 Alphabet Page 7 English Alphabet Letters Vowels and Consonants Unit 2 People Page 15 Common Names Unit 3 Places Page 21 Special Names Unit 4 Things Page 26 Common Names Unit 5 Animals Page 30 Special Names Unit 6 A, An Page 37 Common Names Unit 7 Plurals Page 42 Common Names Special Names  A An Singular Nouns Plural Nouns Vocabulary Practice Page 51 People Grammar in Context Page 52 Things We wear Guided Composition Places My Family Page 54 My Family Unit 8 Replacing Words Page 55 Pronouns Unit 9 This, That, These, Those Page 63 Unit 10 Describing Words Page 67 This, That, Unit 11 Colour Page 71 These, Those Unit 12 Number Page 74 Adjectives Adjectives of Colour Adjectives of Number Vocabulary Practice Page 76 Places Grammar in Context Page 77 Things in the Playground Guided Composition Page 79 Describing Words Sabina’s Family Mr Toda About Myself

Unit Page Grammar Unit 13 Doing Words Page 80 Verbs Unit 14 Has, Have Page 85 Verbs with -ing Unit 15 Is, Am, Are Page 87 Has Unit 16 Present Page 91 Have Unit 17 Past Actions Page 94 Is, Am, Are Simple present Verbs with -s/-es Simple Past Past Verbs Vocabulary Practice Page 98 Cries of Animals Grammar in Context Page 100 Homes of Animals Action Words Describing Words David’s Family Unit 18 In, On, Under Page 101 Prepositions Unit 19 Between, Among, Page 104 Prepositions Behind, In front of Unit 20 And, But Page 109 Joining Words Vocabulary Practice Page 113 Young Ones of Animals Grammar in Context Gender Guided Composition Page 117 Action Words Page 119 Some Adverbs Breakfast Time Hide and Seek Describing Pictures and Charts

Name: ................................................................. Class: .................................. Section: ............... School: ................................................................ Phone: ................................................................. Address: ..............................................................

Complete and read. Alphabet Ff Ll Bb Cc Dd Rr Gg Hh J j Kk Mm Nn Pp Qq Ss T t Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz The English alphabet has 26 letters. Each letter has two forms - capital and small. Capital letters are also called uppercase and small letters are also called lowercase. Capital A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Small a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z The letters of the English alphabet are divided into two groups – vowels and consonants. There are 5 vowels and 21 consonants. Vowels a e i o u Consonants b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x y z 7

Listening Practice: Repeat these letters after your teacher. /eI/ A H J K /i:/ B C D E G P T V /e/ F L M N S X Z /aI/ I Y /EU/ O /u:/ Q U W /a:/ R Writing Practice: Trace over the capital and small letters. Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz 8

Grammar Practice: Write the missing letters. A CDE GH KL NOP R TVXZ Fun Activity: Colour the shapes with consonants in them GREEN. Colour the shapes with vowels in them BLUE. 9

Vocabulary Practice: Name the following pictures. pencil inkpot book ruler pen bag crayon eraser Which of the above words start with vowel letters? Write them on the lines. 10

Spelling Practice: Write down the first and last letters of the following words. And then name the pictures. apple first last mango letter letter grapes banana ae orange papaya guava Grammar Practice: Study the example and complete the table. eraser number of number of number of pencil letters vowels consonants book inkpot 6 3 3 crayon bag 11

Spelling Practice: Write the initial letter of each word. at at an ap at an at in og ox og an ap us up 12

Speaking Practice: Say what they are. The following animals start with vowel letters. ab cd e f gh elephant antelope ostrich ant alligator eagle octopus owl Vocabulary Practice: Write one word for each letter. a apple n b o c p d q e r f s g t h u i v j w k x l y m z 13

Spelling Practice: Write the initial and final letters of each word. ae e eo u uo o ei a wa o 14

Listen and read. People I am Rosy. I am Bina. I am a student. I am a teacher. He is Gopal. She is Sony. He is a doctor. She is a student. She is Numa. She is a nurse. He is Robin. He is a singer. Rosy, Bina, Gopal, Sony, Numa and Robin are special names of people. Student, teacher, doctor, nurse and singer are common names of people. Names of people are called nouns. Common names: doctor, student, dancer, father, mother. Special names: Gopal, Sony, Mohan, Anita, Robin Limbu, Bina Rai. Always use capital letters for special names. 15

Listening Practice: Repeat these words after your teacher. doctor nurse teacher farmer butcher singer student painter barber cobbler dancer carpenter inspector player driver 16

Writing Practice: Read and write. “My English teacher is Gokul Sharma. Who is your English teacher?” My English teacher is “My best friend is Riya Basnet. Who is your best friend?” My best friend is Writing Practice: Complete the sentences with naming words. “My name is Kunal. I treat patients.” He is a “I am Bipin. I drive a bus.” He is a “My name is Rita. I sing songs.” She is a “My name is Hari. I teach students.” He is a “I am Goma. I grow crops.” She is a farmer singer teacher driver doctor 17

Speaking Practice: Say who they are. c ab What special names do you give to the above people? barber: .......................................................................... carpenter: ..................................................................... nurse: ............................................................................ Writing Practice: Write the correct form to complete each word. Gg His name is opal. Nn Her name is uma. Rr Her name is ita. 18

Bb His name is Ro in. Hh Gg er name is oma. Hh Aa is name is Moh n. Hh T t er name is ina. My name is Your photo The first letter of a sentence is capital. 19 Use capital letters for the first letter of a person.

Vocabulary Practice: Complete each relation word. Family grand grand mo fa un au so dau cou Writing Practice: Write about your family. There are ………….. members in my family. My name is ............................................................................. My father’s name is ………….................................................. My mother’s name is .............................................................. 20

Places Listen and read. This is a school. Its name is Everest School. It has a garden. It lies in Pokhara. This is a park. Its name is Kathmandu Fun Park. It lies in Kathmandu. Kathmandu is a big city. School, park, garden and city are common names of places. Nepal, Pokhara and Kathmandu are special names of places. Names of places are called nouns. Places: city, village, river, school, park, church. Special names: Kathmandu, Tikapur, Koshi, Dharan. Always use capital letters for special names. 21

Listening Practice: Repeat these words after your teacher. mountain field hospital stable river forest market temple library garden school Writing Practice: Answer the following questions. Do you live in a village or town? What is its name? What is the name of your country? 22

Vocabulary Practice: Find the following words in the puzzle box. library zoo park school museum airport bank stadium factory hospital temple church A B D M U S E U M K L M B O M T E M P L E T E D B A J I H O M F A C T O R Y N P Q R O T U V W X Y Z Z K C A G X S C H O O L L A T H O T E L P R Y E L I I X U E A M S E I R T U B R I R I A A L D N T P E R P A C S T A D I U M A T A O S H A L T G D I L R L R R A C W J S M Y W T K S Y T R Y Z O O T H O S P I T A L 23

Speaking Practice: Ask and answer. Where do you play? Where do you study? Where do you buy things? Where do you swim? Where do you see water flowing? Writing Practice: Answer the following questions. A: I am a doctor. Do you know where I work? B: Yes, you work in a A: I am a teacher. Do you know where I work? B: Yes, you work in a A: I am a librarian. Do you know where I work? B: Yes, you work in a library hospital school 24

Speaking Practice: Say what places they are. ab c f d e park temple airport library stable forest Writing Practice: Write about your school. My School The name of my school is .................................................... It lies at ................................................................................. We play games in the ........................................................... We study in our .................................................................... I like my school. 25

Things Listen and read. We write with a pencil. We take photos with a camera. We rub mistakes with an eraser. We eat food with a spoon. We cut vegetables with a knife. We sharpen pencils with a sharpener. Pencil, eraser, sharpener, camera, food, and knife are names of things. Names of things are called nouns. 26

Listening Practice: Repeat these words after your teacher. pencil eraser bag camera jug mug knife sharpener bottle car brush spoon fork cup shoes tie belt bus door box Vocabulary Practice: Complete the sentences. I eat food with a bpreunschil I wash my hands with soap I clean my shoes with a spoon I write with a Speaking Practice: Ask and answer. b c f A: What is this? a i B: This is a camera. e d g h 27

Vocabulary Practice: Name the things. cup knife plate fork oven pan bowl Writing Practice: Look and write. ball A is on the chair. bat A is under the chair. cap A is in the basket. doll A is near the chair. 28

Vocabulary Practice: Solve the puzzles. ruler C chair H pen table A I R hammer B bicycle I pencil book C Y C L E 29

Listen and read. Animals This is my pet dog. This is Kitty. My dog’s name is Nona. This is my pet cat. I have a pet rabbit. My rabbit’s name is Bunny. Nona, Kitty and Bunny are special names of animals. Dog, cat, and rabbit are common names of animals. Names of animals are called nouns. Common names: dog, cat, rabbit, parrot, cow,... Special names: Nona, Kitty, Bunny, Mithu, Rani,… Always use capital letters for special names. Special names are called proper nouns. 30

Listening Practice: Repeat these words after your teacher. ant bull cat dog elephant frog goat horse jackal lion monkey owl parrot rabbit snake tiger vulture wolf yak zebra Vocabulary Practice: Choose words from the above list to name the following animals. 31

Speaking Practice: Say what they are. bear peacock b camel a crow d e gorilla c Grammar Practice: Choose one pet you like to have and give it a special name. dog cat rabbit dove horse monkey parrot tortoise 32

Grammar Practice: Colour the boxes with common nouns red and the boxes with proper nouns green. boy Rosy cat Nepal dog Gopal city Kitty man Robin country Tommy river Numa girl Mohan player Koshi friend Pokhara singer Tina temple Dharan woman Grammar Practice: Write a special name or proper noun for each common noun. boy girl city country dog cat 33

Writing Practice: Read and write. Rosy Manoj Dharan Kathmandu Dora Piku His name is ………….….... Her name is Rosy. He is from ………………… She is from Dharan. He has a pet parrot. She has a pet dog. His parrot’s name is ………… Her dog’s name is Dora. Deepa Ali Janakpur Birgunj Rehu Hawa His name is ………….….... He is from ………………… He has a pet cat. His cat’s name is ………… ………….….............................................. ………….….............................................. ………….….............................................. ………….….............................................. 34

Vocabulary Practice: Fill each blank with the correct animal. An .......................... has long legs. A ..................... has a shell. An ......................... has tusks. A ............... has a hump on its back. A ................................. has long sharp beaks. A ................ has strips. A ..................... has sharp spines. An .............. has eight arms. A female .............. has a pouch. A .................. has beautiful feathers. camel elephant octopus tortoise porcupine kangaroo tiger kingfisher ostrich peacock 35

Grammar Practice: Circle the names of places. library boy temple apple Places Mohan school Numa park doll hospital fish Gopal Grammar Practice: Circle the names of people. Mohan boy library Numa People doll school park fish temple Gopal hospital apple Grammar Practice: Circle proper nouns or special names. temple Gopal Numa Proper fish hospital doll park nouns school apple Mohan library boy 36

Listen and read. A, An I am a student. I have a book and a pen. He is a farmer. He has a spade and a sickle. This is an axe. This is an orange. This is an egg. This is an umbrella. This is an insect. Use ‘an’ with vowels. an axe an egg an insect Use ‘a’ with consonants. an orange an umbrella a student a book a farmer a sickle a spade The English alphabet has: 5 vowels a, e, i, o, u 21 consonants b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z 37

Listening Practice: Repeat these words after your teacher. Words starting with vowel letters an apple an axe an ant an egg an ear an eagle an inkpot an insect an inspector an orange an owl an ox an umbrella an urn an uncle 38

Listening Practice: Repeat these words after your teacher. Words starting with consonant letters a bag a cup a doll a fan a goat a hen a jug a kite a lion a mug a net a pen a queen a rat a spoon a tiger a van a watch a yak a zebra 39

Writing Practice: Put any five words in each column. orange hen inkpot shirt ox key apple axe insect book cock parrot umbrella mat singer ant dog elephant egg tiger urn mango snake crab Words starting with vowels Words starting with consonants Grammar Practice: Fill in a or an. I have……....... dog. This is …….......apple. It is…….......ant. This is …….......crow. This is …….......doll. This is …….......owl. This is……..egg. 40

Grammar Practice: Fill in with a or an in the blank spaces. …… arrow …… bull …… map …… net …… crow …… dog …… owl …… pot …… egg …… fan …… queen …… rat …… goat …… horse …… sheep …… tree …… insect …… jackal …… umbrella …… van …… kite …… lion …… watch …… yak …… zebra Grammar Practice: Fill in with a or an in the blank spaces. This is …….. horse. This is …….. crocodile. It has …….. tail. It is …….. animal. It has …….. mouth. It has …….. big mouth. It is running. Its mouth is open. This is …….. elephant. Biva has …….. brother. It is …….. big animal. His name is Ishan. It has …….. trunk. He has …….. doll. She has …….. balloon. 41

Listen and read. Plurals I have a book and two pencils. She has an egg and He has an apple and ten tomatoes. six bananas. This is an egg. This is a pen. These are eggs. These are pens. Book, apple, egg and pen are singular words. Books, bananas, tomatoes, eggs and pens are plural words. One means only one. It is called singular. Many means two or more than two. It is called plural. Plural words end with -s, -es: books, buses, cars, glasses, brushes 42

Listening Practice: Listen to your teacher and repeat the L isten and repeat. following words. -s pencil -es pencils bus pot buses pots box bird boxes birds glass pen pens glasses bench benches 43

Listening Practice: Repeat these words after your teacher. caps taps dogs boys benches boxes cats bats rooms girls buses bushes cocks kites balls pens watches glasses How to form plurals? Grammar Practice: Add -s to make plural. Change these words into plural. boy + s = boys chair ................................ crab + s = crabs crab ................................ dog + s = dogs key ................................ hen + s = hens map ................................ cock + s = cocks pot ................................ ball + s = balls ball ................................ bat + s = bats shirt ................................ tree ................................ Add -es to words that end in watch ................................ -s, -ch, -x,-o and –sh. box ................................ bus + es = buses dress ................................ glass + es = glasses mango ................................ bench + es = benches kite ................................ box + es = boxes potato + es = potatoes mango + es = mangoes brush + es = brushes 44

Vocabulary Practice: Count and write. two switches apples benches bottles books puppies switches Speaking Practice: Say who has got how many balloons. Hari Sita Gita Ram 45

Writing Practice: Fill in the blanks with correct numbers. I have…...……hands and…...……fingers. I have…...……legs and …...……toes. A spider has …...……legs. A cow has …...……tail. An octopus has …...……arms. CROCODILE has …...……letters. A car has…...……wheels. Now write any six plural words from the above sentences. 46

Writing Practice: Look and write. How many ........p..e..n..c..i.ls.......... are there? There are .........f.i.v..e...p..e..n..c..i.ls...................... How many ........................... are there? There are ............................................... How many ........................... are there? There are ............................................... How many ........................... are there? There are ............................................... How many ........................... are there? pencils There are ............................................... balls crabs How many ........................... are there? cats There are ............................................... kids bats 47

Speaking Practice: Ask and answer. How many balls are there? How many pens are there? How many glasses are there? How many dolls are there? How many eggs are there? How many marbles are there? How many buses are there? 48

Grammar Practice: Objects in singular form are to your left. Make them plurals to match the objects to your right. ball balls pencil .................... chair .................... bowl .................... hat .................... flower .................... 49

Fun Activity: Read and draw pictures. One picture is already given in each box. 2 stars 3 balls 5 apples 4 bananas 6 tomatoes 50