Solar water heater

Users handbook on solar water heater:water quality, climatic condition, ambient temperature range, altitude in meters, relative humidity,wind velocity or hail storm, standard for FPC by BIS, type test report and routine test report, testcertificate- design/raw material/workmanship/quality control of mfg process, system efficiency,component drawings, installation instructions, plumbing instructions, safety instructions, routinemaintainence instructions, capacity of system,name plate on system,FPC, ETC, collector area, no. Of tubes, Absorber material, Riser and fins, selective coating, glasswith selective coating, collector box, Aluminium/GI/MS with corrosion protection,Storage tank detailsproduct type and code, verticle/horizontal -(product code), horizontal-(product code) for ETC,litres capacity, contruction type- insulated tank with cladding, material- Stainless steel grade 304 orbetter, water flow mechanism – thermo siphon/ Forced, insulation- density mm/m3 or thicknessmm, heat exchanger- y/n, Electric backup- in kW booster heater,For user info quotation-Absorber material(Fins)- As per BIS standard IS- 12933, 2003, Absorber coating, Riser, Header,Bonding between riser and header also fins and tubes, back & side insulations, collector box,collector bottom sheet, collector stand, glazing, retainer angels of glass, beading of glass, absorberarea, collector tilt, heat transfer medium, no of fins, dimensions,lightning arrester, indirect heating with antifreeze, pressure of incoming cold water< 3bar, heatexchanger, life of system, dust, resistence to variation in temperature, leakage,FPCcasing, corrosion resistent, seal- elastic material, ingress of rain water, UV radiation, life 15+ yrs,transparent cover- toughened glass, high transmission coefficient,thermal insulation- withstand maximum temp. Of absorber plate,absorber plate- high conductivity material, copper with selective coating, maximum absorptionminmum emission of infrared,tube – high conductivity material like copperETClife of tube 5<15 yrs, rain ,dust, marine environment, temp variation,tube- fusing two coaxial tubes at both ends, inner tube surface is collector area,absorber coating- absorption co-efficient >0.94 and emissivity< 0.12,gasket- between tank and ETC or manifold and ETC,ETC with heat pipes rare, selection of right technology, efficiency of collector, temperaturedifference(Ti-Ta), solar radiation(w/m2),water qualitytemperary hard water- heated- dissolved materials seperate, scale formation- faster in FPC, indirectheating with HE recommended, new technology for special chemicle for cleaning coming,permanent hard water- no problem, only in summer overheating dissolved solid,saline water – corrodes MS & galvenized piping & stainless steel, copper less affected, avoidstainless steel tank, MS tank may be with treatment and paint protection, regular maintenance,Acidic water- rare, must use ETC, corrosive to all,alkaline water- most common, tolerated by MS & galvenized piping & stainless steel & copper,Galvenized iron loses zinc which deposits on copper, insulated PVC instead of GI to avoid zincdepletion,

high turbidity water – high amount of suspended solids, charged particles, charge neutralizes bymetals, periodic maintanance,treated water- removing hardness, makes water saline, scale formation, must avoid this water,no ETC in storm/monkeys/cats, copperindia.org, collector inclination, collector temperature, dayambient temperature, cold water radiation oC, solar inclination kWh/day, At temperature kWh/day,life cycle cost, interest rate, inflation rate, unit cost of electricity, government policy, ENV129771:2000 , EN -12976 2:2000, forced circulation with HE, back-up system, contoller, collectorbank, deposit minerals, compact type -FPC & direct insertion type ETC, body seperation type,distance between banks, angle of tilt, support structure- cement concrete blocks & anchor bolts,insulation of storage tank, sacrificial anode, galvanic corrosion, cold water line -PVC/GI pipes &external paint & gate valve & a union & non return valve, hot water- GI(insulated)/copper &smaller dia & zigzag pipi air bubble- overheating +steam,indulation- flexible foam material, nitro-flex tubing, glass wool pad, polyurethane pipe sections,covering aluminium, GI-sheet or fibre-glass cladding,orientation, latitude, return on investment, pump system, control system, electrical backup, ETC fillup time morning, sudden cooling breakage, national, state and local standard of installation,safety ropes, thermostat, Auxiliary heating , absorber plate- German TINOX 95%, headers, risers,glass transmission coefficient , absorption coefficient , emission coefficient of the absorber coating ,Resistance against ultraviolet radiation , gaskets against cyclic heating and cooling effect , Durablefasteners , tempered glass , Unglazed, single glazed or double glazed , black painted or selectivelycoated , Copper, Aluminium or Mild Steel are used as absorber ,ETC- all glass vacuum, heat pipe, visible light and near infrared rays , selective absorption coating,made of Al-N/Al , 93% absorb,heat pipe- glass tubes, heat pipes, metal fins, metallic heat absorbing vacuum tube big heat pipe, utube solar heaters,Metallic heat absorbing vacuum tube solar heaters (big heat pipes): - high-grade pressurized waterheaters , ingle layer , glass (3mm extra thick high borosilicate glass) , Absorber plates - copper-aluminum compound fins or pure copper fins , gas-liquid cycle , condensation end ,U tubular heat pipe vacuum tube - U-shaped metal tubes , pressurised and non pressurised, manifoldor piping ,FAQ-chlorine contents , state nodal agency, de-scaling with acids , Air lock in the pipes , Vapour lockingin the collector , Sacrificial anode , Vent pipe , Non Return Valve , Gate Valve & Drain valve ,metal/polymer tank , Mixture of ethylene glycol and water, having a low freezing point, calciumcarbonate and magnesium carbonate , Temporary Hardness , Permanent Hardness ,Check washing machine hot water theory,insulation of solar tanks- Rock wool: density 48 kg/m 3, Glass wool , PUF: density 28 – 32 kg/m 3,50 mm for PUF , 100 mm Glass wool /Rock wool , Aluminium cladding of 24 or 26 SWG ,Insulation of hot water pipe - Rock wool: density 48 kg/m3 , Glass wool , Nitrile rubber , 50 mmGlass wool or Rock wool , 12 mm Nitrile rubber , Aluminium cladding of 24 or 26 SWG /PVC pipecladding ,Sacrificial Anode -aluminium or magnesium alloy , avoid corrosion ,a loop , No reverse loop , hose pipe , Solar Insolation , demand pattern , RETScreen software , SolarFraction, Type of Pipe (GI/PPR/Composite) , Grouting of collectors and tanks , Electrical heatingelement , PUF (CFC Free) , Stainless Steel – 304 ,UNDP/UNEP/GEF , Global Solar Water Heating Market Transformation and StrengtheningInitiative ,

Aura’ solar water heater- PuducherryPolyurethane tank(50mm) , electric heater earthing, maximum head of 4 meters ofwater , ETC-tube layers, coating- Cu/SS/A1-N/A1, outer tank-AISI-304-2B grade painted steel0.4mm thick, inner tank- AISI-304-2B grade -0.6mm thick, PUF(polyurethane Foam), structure-powder coated MS & inbuilt vent, system pressure- 0.4Bar, temp- >94C, Electrical back up- 1.5kW,make up tank,MNRE data-channel partners, state nodal agency, testing and certification, accredited labs, credit rating agency,future five star rating for system, SOLARWHIN website, rating certificate, Competent authority,accreditation, UNDP/GEF Project on Solar Water Heating (GSWHP) , Incentive Scheme , DPR onproject capacity of 25,000 LPD and above, Benchmark Cost , General category states , Specialcategory states , subsidy , Indo-German Energy Programme (IGEN) , Energy Efficiency (EE) ,Ministry of Power (BEE/CEA) , CDM , Trigeneration (TRIGEN) , BMZ 2010-2013 , BMU 2008-2011 , ComSolar BMU/ 2009-2013 , SolMap BMU/ 2010-2014 , high solar irradiance 1900kWh/m2 , concentrating collectors , Solar Energy Corporation of India , M/s CRISIL Ltd , M/sCredit Analysis & Research Ltd (CARE) , M/s ICRA Ltd , M/s Fitch Ratings India Pvt. Ltd. ,MNRE STD 02:2013 STORAGE WATER TANK FOR ALL GLASS (Glass in Glass)EVACUATED TUBES SOLAR COLLECTORIS 277:2003 Galvanized steel sheets (Plain & corrugated)IS 1079: 2009 Hot rolled carbon steel sheet and strip (sixth revision)IS 6911: 1992 Stainless steel plate, sheet and strip –specificationIS 14246: 1995 Continuous pre-painted galvanized steel sheets and coilsIS ---------- Test procedure for thermosyphon – type domestic solar hot water heating system{DOC : MED04(1050)F} (under print).MNRE STD 03:2013 All glass (glass in glass) evacuated tubes solar water heating systemvented, atmospheric pressure , Close type/Integrated type storage water tank ,inner tank- Stainless steel grade X02Cr19Ni10 or X02Cr17Ni12Mo2 of IS 6911 or ASTM grade304,304L,316. Minimum 0.5mm thick, fabricated using MIG / Argon arc / seam welding <300L,weldless technology,Mild steel sheet - IS 1079 , high TDS (more than 300 PPM) , chlorides (more than 50 PPM),minimum 1.5 mm thick <300L, anti-corrosive coating 150 microns 5 years warrenty-enamelcoating(glass lining/enamel lining), special food grade coating ,GI sheets- IS 277, anti-corrosive coating, high TDS (more than 300 PPM) , chlorides (more than 50PPM), minimum 1.5 mm thick weldless and 2mm for welded <300L, 5 years warrenty,300L< 0.2MPa pressure adequate thickness,Outer cladding- pre-painted galvanized steel IS14246, may be Aluminium /stainless steel/FRP,Insulation layer- pre-injected PUF of minimum thickness 50mm , free rise density minimum 26kg/m3, moulded density minmum 36kg/m3, 300L< Rockwool minimum 100mm thick, thermalconductivity Rockwool <0.055W/mC at 100C,Inner seal ring for tubes - silicon rubber , 175C,Dust cover ring for tubes - EPDM rubber/ UV stabilized PVCSacrificial anode (optional) - magnesium cored with a steel rod , in electrical contact with theinner tank ,Access door (optional),Leakage test , Rigidity test , Idle heating test , Integral Test ,

Performance test - Heat loss coefficient of the system (UL) shall be <2 W/(m2 0 C) when testedas per Indian Standard {Doc: MED 04(1050)F } (under print) , MNRE STD 03 ,routine test, type test, test report,marking storage tank- name of mfg, capacity L, serial no. Month and year of mfg.,leakage test- air compressor of 500L capacity, pressure gauge, filter, regulator, stop watch, watertank/soap solution, air pressure 0.06MPa for <300L tank and 0.2MPa for >300L, time 10min,anemometer, pyranometer, data logger,integral test and heating test- irradiance more than 16MJ/m2 , wind velocity< 4m/sMNRE STD 03:2013 ALL GLASS (GLASS IN GLASS) EVACUATED TUBES SOLARWATER HEATING SYSTEMnon concentrating, direct, vented solar collector system , thermo syphonic principle ,IS 6392:1971 Steel pipe flangesIS 6911: 1992 Stainless steel plate, sheet and strip –specificationIS/ ISO 9488:1999 Solar energy – VocabularyMNRE STD 01:2013 All glass (glass in glass) evacuated solar collector tubesMNRE STD 02:2013 Storage water tank for all glass (glass in glass) evacuated tubes solar collectorDOC: MED 04(1050) F Test procedure for thermo syphon type domestic solar hot waterheating systems (under print)Aperture Area , Water Draw-Off Rate , Heat Transfer Fluid , Open System , Solar StorageCapacity , sensible heat , Vented System , Working Pressure / Rated pressure , Diffuse flat platereflector (if provided)-bright aluminium/stainless steel sheet , Tube resting caps-UV stabilizedABS/Nylon/PP plastic material., Integral pipe & pipe fittigs; flanges ,valves etc ,upporting frame/stand - MS IS 2062 with hot dip galvanized or powder coated , Galvanized steelsheet conforming to IS 277 with/without powder coating , Stainless steel , Aluminium withanodized coating,Pipes- IS 1239 (part 1) flanges- IS 6392,Thermal Performance Test- BIS Doc MED 04(1050) F.,marking- name of mfg., area of collector m2, LPD, no.of tubes, OD & lenght of tube, Serial no.,date of mfg.,idle heating test, leakage test- hydraulic pressure source, 0.06MPa for 10min, integral test,EXTERNAL THERMAL SHOCK TEST - solar irradiation >700W/m2, Spraying water temperatureat 15°C±10°C with flow >200 l/(m2.h),INTERNAL THERMAL SHOCK TEST - solar irradiation >700W/m2, Water tank temperature at15°C±10°C and water flow more than 60 l/(m2 .h) ,FROST RESISTANCE TEST , Latitude & longitude ,MNRE STD 01:2013 ALL GLASS (GLASS IN GLASS) EVACUATED SOLARCOLLECTOR TUBESS/ISO 9488:1999 Solar Energy - VocabularyISO 3585:1998 Borosilicate glass 3.3Angle of incidence , Average heat loss coefficient , Bubble (stone) - Solid impurity , Diffuse flatplate reflector- diffuse reflectance >0.60 , Knot - Vitreous body in glass , Stagnation temperature ,Stagnation parameter ,Vacuum quality – disappearance ratio in axial length of the getter mirror after interior of anevacuated tube is heated. vacuum < 5x10 -3 Pa , Strut member , Getter , Getter mirror surface ,length of sealing section ,

Solar Selective Absorbing Coating - hree target coating having three layer - absorption layer( Aluminium nitride), bonding agent cum absorption layer (Aluminium nitride – stainless steel) andanti reflection layer (copper). e.g. ET - AlN/AlN-SS/Cu - 58/47 - 1800 – 3T ,Borosilicate glass 3.3 conforming to ISO 3585. solar transmittance ratio of outer glass tube shall be>=0.89 ( at air mass 1.5 i.e. AM 1.5). The absorptivity of solar selective coating shall be minimum0.92 at AM 1.5.The stagnation performance (Y) >190 m2.oC/kW, Average thermal loss coefficient (ULT) < 0.85W/m2oC , Selective coating -absorptivity Min 0.92 and emissivity less than 7% ,STAGNATION PERFORMANCE PARAMETER TEST - airSolar irradiance G≥800W/m2 , ambient temperature 20oC ≤ta≤30oC, Stevenson screen , PlatinumResistance thermometer, mercury thermometer,STAGNATION SOLAR IRRADIANCE TEST - water,AVERAGE HEAT LOSS COEFFICIENT TEST -indoor,VACUUM PERFORMANCE TEST - Spark leak detector, Electric heating rod (single-end outlet,diameter of 20mm and rated power of 1500 W) of length not less than 90% length of the collectortube under test , Thermocouple, temperature gauge, steel measuring scale, hour meter, weakfluorescence , Air pressure test inside the vacuum jacket , Vacuum quality test , disappearance ratio ,RESISTANCE TO THERMAL SHOCK TEST - Ice water bath , Hot water bath ,RESISTANCE TO IMPACT TEST , RESISTANCE TO INTERNAL PRESSURE TEST ,ABSORPTIVITY AND EMISSIVITY TEST OF THE SELECTIVE COATING -Spectrophotometer, hemisphere emissometer, temperature gauge, transmission ratio , solarabsorbing ratio at AM1.5 ,FPC-BIS approved manufacturers & ISI mark, ETC/heat pipe- MNRE approved, argon arc or metalinert gas for welding , TIG / Seam/ pressurized weld ,dwelling units, solenoid valves , Automatic timer ,IREDA , NABARD ,