We have learnt about the Earth and some changes happening to it. The Earth is a very big planet. At one time, we can see only a small part of it. How can we get to know about the different places on it? Let us see. Using symbolic maps to draw the Earth on paper A map is a drawing of all or a small part of the Earth on paper. Maps may show rivers and lakes, hills, seas, buildings and roads. Most maps are drawn on a flat surface. A map on a round surface is called a globe. Maps help us to find our way when we go to new Globe places. ? What do we call the round shaped map of the Earth? When we draw a big place on a small paper, we cannot draw them as they are. Then, we may have to use some symbols in their place. Symbols Post office Police station Map Church Hospital Can you suggest a symbol for a school? Draw it in the box given. The World Around Me 47
Look at the given map below. It is a symbolic map. Symbols are used to show different places on the map. On the right side of the map, we can see the meaning of all the symbols. This is called the key of the map. House Bank Store Post office Library School Food Police Park Farm We can make a map of our neighbourhood in a similar way using symbols. Connect the Dots English Fun Put suitable adjectives (describing words) to describe the nouns below. For example, blue sky, dark night. 1) _______________________ sun 2) _______________________ stars 3) _______________________ moon 4) _______________________ day 48
Maths Fun Observe the Moon for 15 days. Draw pictures of the various shapes of the Moon that you see. A Note to Parent Help your child make a symbolic map of your neighbourhood. Key The World Around Me 49
15Lesson Time, Space and Direction I Will Learn About • time − day, week, month and year. • directions. • location of places in our neighbourhood. • location of objects around us. I Think Mithun’s father told him that he would take him for a movie on Sunday. But Mithun does not know different days and their names. He does not know when Sunday would come. Can you help him? In Class 1, we learnt about day and night. We also learnt about morning, afternoon and evening. We use these words when we have to tell others the time of different things happening around us. Let us learn about the ways we tell time. Time – day, week, month and year Like we have different names, we call days by different names to make it easy to understand. We use the word today when we talk about anything happening in the day we are in now. 50
To talk about anything that happened on the day before, we use the word yesterday. Tomorrow is the day that will come after today. Seven days make a week. Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday are the days of a week. A group of four weeks makes a month. 12 months make a year. January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, and December are the months of a year. A calendar tells us about the days, weeks, months and the year. Do you have a calendar at home or at school? Days, weeks, months and years are some ways to tell the time. A week has seven days. A month has four weeks. Twelve months form a year. Calendar ? How many days are there in a week? We have learnt about telling time as days, weeks, months and years. Now, let us learn about directions. Directions If someone asks us about the location of a place, how do we explain it to that person? We may use words such as left, right, straight, up, down, far, near and so on. These words that we use to tell the location of a place are called directions. Time, Space and Direction 51
Another way to tell direction is with the help of the Sun. North, East, West and South are the four directions we can tell with the help of the Sun. Let us do an activity to find these four directions. Stand facing the Sun when it rises. That direction is the East. Open your arms as shown in the given picture. ? Name the four main directions that The direction behind you is we tell with the help of the Sun. the West. Your right-hand shows the South. Your left-hand shows the North. These directions help us Be Amazeto know places in our neighbourhood. A d An interesting way of remembering directions is: Never Eat Slimy Worms N = North, E = East, S = South, W = West The location of places in our neighbourhood Look at the picture given below. It shows a ‘house’. It is Riya’s house. Her house faces east. She wants to go to the post office to post a letter to her friend. Let us help Riya. Since Riya’s house is east-facing, she faces the East when she steps out. West South North East 52
The directions are as follows: • Step out of the house and go to the road on your left. • Once you reach the road, turn towards the West. • Walk westward on the road. • Turn left towards the South at the end of the road. • The post office is at the corner of the road. Is there any other way to reach the post office? Discuss with your friends. Location of objects around us There are many objects around us. How do we tell the location of those objects? We use the words like - in, on, above, below and so on. Let us do one activity to tell the location of different objects. Look at the given picture. What do you see? The Sun is shining in the sky. There are clouds in the sky above. There is a rainbow in the sky. There are balloons going up in the sky. Time, Space and Direction 53
The children are playing on the grass. We can see a tree far away. Butterflies are buzzing around the flowers. The girl is swinging on the swing. A boy is sliding from the slide. Can you locate any other objects given in the picture? ? Name any two words that we use to tell the location of an object. Connect the Dots English Fun Beside In front of Behind Given below are a few examples of ‘prepositions of place’. Use these in your own sentences to tell the location of the places in your neighbourhood. Maths Fun Seven days make a week. How many days will be needed to make five weeks? Number of days in a week = 7 Number of days in five weeks = 7 x 5 = A Note to Parent Play a game of ‘Treasure Hunt’ with your child. Hide a gift in your house. Design a map leading to the gift. Ask your child to find the gift using the map. 54
C Inside the Lab Make sure you do these activities only with the help of a teacher or an adult. Activity C1: Make Your Script Script You will need: two sheets of paper and a pencil or pen You need to: 1) T he teacher writes the letter of the alphabet from A-Z on the board. 2) The learners suggest a symbol for each letter of the alphabet. Some suggestions are: @$<& 3) Write a few sentences about yourself in English. 4) Now write them in the new script on a different sheet of paper. 5) Pair up with your bench mate and exchange the new script papers. 6) B oth the partners decode the sentences, and write them down in simple English. 7) The learners again exchange the papers. 8) They check if their partners have translated the sentences correctly. 55
Such coded languages are used by the Army, Navy and Air Force to share information among themselves. A code language helps them communicate without the information being known to the common people. Activity C2: Roller You will need: four bottle caps, two straws (one for each pair of bottle caps), two long cylindrical rods or toothpicks (one for each pair of bottle caps), clay, an empty match box, glue You need to: 1) M ake holes on the four bottle caps with the help of your teacher or parents. The holes should be big enough to let the rods or toothpicks to pass through. 2) I nsert a rod or toothpick inside one straw. (The straw should be shorter in length than the rod.) 3) P lace two bottle caps at both the ends of the rod. 4) S eal both the ends with clay. Let it dry (preferably in the Sun). 5) D o the same with the other two bottle caps. Now you have four wheels of your roller. 6) P lace the empty match box in the middle of both the straws. Stick it with glue. Then, let it dry for some time. This will make the body of your roller. 7) N ow, you have your own roller ready. 56
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